Planet in plastic packaging project. How to rid the planet of garbage - new technologies and experience of the USSR. among primary and secondary school students

This folder contains material for the scientific-practical conference "Search gives rise to discovery":

project, presentation, film "Plastic Fantasy"

Introduction

“We must not forget that the level of development of the system for collecting and processing secondary raw materials is, in fact, an eloquent indicator not only of our common culture, but also of the civilization of the economy as a whole. In addition, the environmental safety of the state directly depends on the efficiency of work in the field of waste management. This is our responsibility to future generations.”

“To ensure order on earth is not only to collect garbage, municipal household waste, but also to use them rationally.” A. G. Lukashenko.

We live in a rural area in the village of Zapolye, Vitebsk region, located 70 kilometers from the city. On the territory of the village there are 6 garbage containers for 76 yards, which is extremely small, and garbage removal is not carried out regularly. So we get such mini-dumps around the village, which spoil the overall look.

A large amount of garbage, and especially empty plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plates, plastic bags on the streets of our village made us think about how to solve this problem.

The project "Plastic Fantasy" is dedicated to an important and topical topic of the present time - the problem of Municipal Solid Waste.

Problem:

The purpose of the project: to identify the conditions and ways of recycling plastic bottles, plastic cups, plates, plastic bags.

Project objectives:

Find out the history of the emergence and use of plastic bottles, disposable plastic utensils, plastic bags;

To study the chemical properties of products made of plastic and polyethylene;

Hold a school competition for the best craft from a plastic bottle, disposable tableware, plastic bags "Plastic Fantasy"

Research methods:

* experiment;

* sociological survey;

* observation.

Significance and applied value of the work:

Stages of project implementation:

Stage 1. Preparatory.

Stage 2. Basic

Stage 3. Final

Expected Result:

“The good of civilization” replenishes the growing landfills like mushrooms. Therefore, the question of what to do with this mass of waste is becoming more acute. It is unacceptable to burn, as they contain various synthetic materials, during the combustion of which toxins are released. Burial is not an option, since this method of disposal of waste requires large areas. At the same time, atmospheric air and groundwater suffer. So it is necessary to develop technologies that allow the use of industrial waste. But besides this, it is important to educate a generation that will think about environmental protection, so it is necessary to start this work now.

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"NPK Fantasy of Plastic"

State educational institution

"Zapolskaya kindergarten - secondary school of the Vitebsk region"

Regional scientific and practical conference of students

Vitebsk region

Ecology

Fantasies of plastic

(reuse of bottles and disposable plastic tableware)

Polunina Kristina Yurievna,

8th grade student;

Fedorova Ekaterina Andreevna,

7th grade student

Scientific adviser:

Ryabtseva Irina Mikhailovna,

physics and mathematics teacher

Vitebsk, 2014

1.Project "Plastic Fantasy"

Introduction ____________________________________________ 2

Relevance of the project______________________________ 2

Problem ____________________________________________ 3

Purpose ____________________________________________ 3

Tasks __________________________________________ 3

Research Methods______________________________ 3

Significance and applied value of the work _____________ 3

Stages of project implementation __________________________ 4

Expected result______________________________ 4

Conclusion ______________________________________ 4

2 .

1. Planet in a plastic bag ____________________ 5

2. Environmental problems associated with plastic bottles and packaging____________________________________________ 6

3. Analysis of the sociological survey ___________________ 6 - 7

4. Observation results __________________________ 7 – 8

5. They don’t eat twice from such plates ___________________ 8

6. Marking on disposable tableware - what does it mean?_ 8 - 9

7. Dangerous plastic. What are these numbers? _________________ 10 - 11

9. Figures and facts __________________________________ 13

14 -18

4. Conclusions________________________________________________ 19

5. Conclusion 19

6. Resources used_________________________________ 19

Introduction

“Ensuring order on earth is not only about collecting garbage, municipal household waste, but also using them rationally.”

With the advent of spring, restoring order on earth is of particular relevance.

A large amount of garbage, and especially empty plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plates, plastic bags on the streets of our village made us think about how to solve this problem.

The project "Plastic Fantasy" is dedicated to an important and topical topic of the present time - the problem of municipal solid waste.

The streets of our village, the roads are littered with garbage, most of which is plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plastic bags.

Identify the conditions and ways of recycling plastic bottles, plastic cups, plates, plastic bags.

Project objectives:

find out the history of the emergence and use of plastic bottles, disposable plastic utensils, plastic bags;

to study the chemical properties of products made of plastic and polyethylene;

hold a school competition for the best craft from a plastic bottle, disposable tableware, plastic bags "Plastic Fantasy"

Research methods:

* study of literary sources; Internet resources

* experiment;

* sociological survey;

* observation.

Significance and applied value of the work:

to teach schoolchildren to take care of the nature around us, to instill in them the skills of manual labor, to expand their knowledge about the history of things.

Stages of project implementation:

Stage 1. Preparatory.

1. Studying the history of the creation and use of plastic and polyethylene products in the food industry.

2. Study of the chemical properties of plastic and polyethylene products.

Stage 2. Basic

Making crafts from plastic bottles, disposable plastic tableware, plastic bags.

Stage 3. Final

1. Participation in competitions, exhibitions;

2. Release of the booklet "Plastic Fantasy".

Expected Result:

* find out when plastic bottles, disposable plastic utensils, plastic bags appeared;

* find out whether plastic packaging is beneficial or harmful;

* find ways to reuse plastic waste;

* master the technology of making crafts from plastic waste and find their application in life;

* share our findings with the villagers.

“The good of civilization” replenishes the growing landfills like mushrooms. Therefore, the question of what to do with this mass of waste is becoming more acute. Burning is unacceptable, as they contain various synthetic materials, during the combustion of which toxins are released. Burial is not an option, since this method of disposal of waste requires large areas. At the same time, atmospheric air and groundwater suffer. So it is necessary to develop technologies that allow the use of industrial waste. But besides this, it is important to educate a generation that will think about protecting the environment, so it is necessary to start this work now.

The results of our research.

Plastic and polyethylene containers in our country began to gain popularity just a couple of decades ago. Back in the early 90s, our grandmothers and mothers carefully washed each plastic bag, dried it and carefully put it in a special jar for reuse (or better, reusable) use. At that time, few people heard about plastic bottles - beer and Coca-Cola were sold in cans and glass bottles. Together with the collapse of the USSR, the country gained independence, the availability of information flows and various "achievements" of the West. One of these "achievements" was the widespread use of plastic and polyethylene containers.

It would seem, what is it? The population received an accessible and convenient type of packaging - light, practical, cheap. No need to wash, no need to wash. Takes up little space. Moisture, air, microorganisms neither inside nor outside does not pass. Virtually unaffected by decay.

“Look around in your office, kitchen or bedroom, plastic is all around us. Our food packaging, clothing, computers, mobile phones, stationery and even toys... »
In fact of the matter. It does not rot, which means it is not subject to environmentally friendly disposal. It burns well, but at the same time it emits such an amount of harmful substances into the atmosphere that it becomes scary. According to experts, a person throws out up to 250 kg of household waste per year. About 25% of this is food waste, 5-10% is paper, 50% is polymers, and the rest is metal, textiles, rubber, glass and other trash. The classical way of waste disposal (container - garbage truck - landfill - recultivation) today is inefficient and, moreover, potentially dangerous, since even a carefully cultivated landfill filled with soil is a source of "landfill gas" that stimulates the greenhouse effect. Despite the fact that in the West, recycling is a profitable and profitable business, as it turned out, it is much easier for us to bury waste in the ground. But this cannot continue indefinitely, since almost all polygons are 50-60% full.

Environmental issues associated with plasticbottles and plastic bags.

Accumulations of plastic bottles and packaging on the planet are already forming real floating continents in the oceans. Scientists are sounding the alarm: giant deposits of garbage have accumulated in the Pacific Ocean. This is mainly plastic and petroleum products. They are located somewhere in Japan and the west coast of the United States, and under the influence of the El-Hi current they regularly move thousands of kilometers. According to rough estimates, this "plastic island" weighs 100 million "tons. Moreover, it is basically a kind of suspension of semi-decomposed plastic, which is not visible either from the air or from a satellite. According to these accumulations of garbage, they pose a great threat to living organisms. When decomposed, plastic releases toxic substances that can cause serious hormonal disorders in both animals and humans.

The threat from plastic containers to the Earth's ecology is not limited to this. The production of plastic bottles in the US alone takes about 18 million barrels of oil per year.

In reviewing the literature on this topic, we found that:

paper decomposes in the ground within 1 month,

banana peel - 6 months

wool - 1 year

wooden poles -4 years

paper cups - 5 years,

painted wood - 13 years,

tin can - 100 years,

and a plastic bottle - from 500 years to 1000 years,

and the decay time of a glass bottle takes 1 million years.

People are already tired of the plastic waste that they themselves create. The creation of plastic packaging has solved many problems, but also created no less. The garbage that our fathers left in places of rest has long turned into dust, and even our great-great-grandchildren will see our plastic bottles, because they are “eternal”.

In our village, you can still return glass bottles in the store in exchange for money, and these bottles are taken away for processing and making new bottles. But with plastic bottles, the situation is different, they are not accepted anywhere and often they litter our streets!

We conducted a survey of students in our school.

Purpose: to find out what products in plastic packaging are purchased, used and where the packaging goes.

48 families of students from our school took part in the survey. The survey participants were asked the following questions:

1. Do you buy products in plastic packaging? Which?

2. Where do you put plastic bottles after use?

3. If you don't throw away, how do you use plastic bottles?

The results of the survey showed the following results:

Question 1. Do you buy products in plastic packaging? Which?

Yes - 38 people

No - 1 person.

Mineral water - 22 people

Carbonated water, juices, drinks - 20 people

Sunflower oil - 20 people

Mayonnaise - 7 people

Ketchup - 4 people

Drinking yogurt - 5 people

Curds, cakes, noodles, mashed potatoes, fish, salads, halva - 1 person each.

Question 2. Where do you put plastic bottles after use?

Throwing out -29 people

Burning in the oven - 3 people

We use in the household - 14 people

Burying - 2 people

Question 3. If you do not throw away, how do you use plastic bottles?

For planting seedlings - 14

For the household - 6 people

We use for milk, kvass, jam - 5 people

We make a drain for water, we use it for watering vegetables - 4

Making crafts - 3 people

The survey showed that families of students in our school buy products in plastic packaging and in most cases they throw away or burn the packaging, and not many use it in the household.

Observation results.

After studying the data, we decided to find out who is to blame for the fact that so much plastic garbage is lying on our streets. To begin with, we went to the store in order to study the number of goods produced in plastic packaging. The results are impressive. The store in plastic packaging has up to 10 types of shampoos from different manufacturers, liquid soaps and deodorants, 3 varieties of vegetable oil, several types of mayonnaise, drinking yoghurts and a huge selection of mineral, sweet sparkling water and beer. This once again confirms the information that plastic packaging is very convenient to use.

We counted the number of abandoned bottles on the streets where we often walk. Got the following result:

st. Soviet - from school to shop - 18 bottles

st. Soviet - from our house to school - 6 bottles

There are 39 bottles along the central road, because the locals dump all their garbage into the ravine that stretches along the entire street and do not think about installing garbage containers.

Most of the abandoned bottles were from mineral or carbonated water, from beer, rarely from vegetable oil. Conclusion: the residents of our village buy products in plastic packaging and in most cases they throw the packaging out of the territory of their estate without worrying about the cleanliness of the streets, which is why there is so much plastic garbage along the roads of our village.

Experts say: plates, forks, spoons and cups made of polymeric materials cannot be used more than once.

This even applies to plastic water bottles. It is strictly forbidden to pour milk or alcoholic drinks there - you will get a poisonous mixture.
The main rule when choosing disposable tableware is to carefully read the label. Each branded product must have a label showing what the packaging is made of. If there is no marking, then it is better to take care of your health and purchase the product in glass containers.

The PVC icon (PVC-polyvinyl chloride) or the number 3 in a triangle on the bottom of the bottle or plastic packaging warns the buyer about its toxicity.

In addition to harmless glass containers, there is harmless food-grade plastic, which is marked with letters:

RE (PE)- polyethylene,

PETF (PET) or PET (PET)- polyethylene terephthalate,

RR (PP)- polypropylene.

PS (PS)- means polystyrene (its code is the number 6).

In addition, safety is confirmed image of a plate and fork, numbers 05 and 1.

Marking on disposable tableware - what does it mean?

Not all buyers know what the marking means and how such dishes can be used.

	This marking indicates that the cookware is made of polystyrene. It can only be used for cold foods. You should never heat food on them in the microwave. In this case, harmful toxins enter the food. In addition, alcoholic beverages should not be poured into dishes with such markings, since toxic substances are also released. The released styrene accumulates in the kidneys and liver and leads to various diseases.
	Plastic with this marking is made from polypropylene. Dishes with this marking can be used for hot drinks and foods. Such dishes can withstand up to +100 ° C. You can drink hot tea and coffee from polypropylene glasses, and heat food on plates in the microwave. You can't pour alcohol. From the contact of alcohol and polypropylene, toxins are released - formaldehyde and phenol. These toxins also affect the kidneys and liver, but there is still a chance of going blind.
	Triangle on the package, consisting of three arrows, says the tableware is made from recycled material. Inside the triangle, as a rule, there are numbers. They talk about the type of processing. So if you see 1–19 are plastic, 20–39 - paper and cardboard, 40–49 - metal, 50–59 - wood, 60–69 - fabric and textiles, 70–79 - glass.
	Drawn on the packaging sign "glass - fork" means that the dishes are suitable for any dishes, including the first (hot). If the icon is applied to the packaging in this form, then the products can even be stored in such dishes. And here if such an icon is underlined, plastic products are not intended to come into contact with food.

Dangerous plastic

We often underestimate the danger it can pose to our health. It turns out that there is a relatively safe and dangerous plastic. Since we still have no way out, it is worth taking care of choosing the lesser evil. Some types of plastic are really dangerous.

Information about the material used in the manufacture of the packaging is located on its bottom in the form of a graphic symbol consisting of three arrows forming a triangle. In the middle of the triangle are numbers from 1 to 7, indicating the type of material from which the packaging is made.

What are these numbers?

1 - PET (PET)

Such plastic is mainly used in the production of disposable beverage containers. Typical PET packaging is mineral water bottles. Such packaging, even after careful cleaning, can release toxic chemicals when reused. Never reuse this kind of material.

2 - HDPE (LDPE)

Low pressure polyethylene (high density) is used for the production of semi-rigid containers, it is one of the safest plastics and can be reused.

3 - PCV (PVC)

Polyvinyl chloride is very often used, for example, in the production of food packaging films. PVC is hazardous to health and can release toxins. When burned, PVC produces highly hazardous chemical compounds known as dioxins, which are often more dangerous than potassium cyanide.

4 - LDPE (HDPE)

The high pressure (low density) polyethylene used in many types of packaging (such as plastic bags) is considered recyclable and safer than many other plastics, but not as safe as plastics 2 and 5.

5 - PP (PP)

Reusable polypropylene is often found as a material for food containers. It belongs to the group of the safest plastics along with material 2 (HDPE).

6 - PS (PS)

Polystyrene is well known in the form of foam. PS releases toxins and should not be used as food packaging. It is also rarely used for this purpose due to the lower chemical resistance of polyethylene, but is present, for example, in lids for disposable coffee cups.

7 - OTHER (OTHER)

Never reuse plastic items marked 7. This group includes many types of harmful chemicals, including the highly toxic Bisphenol A (BPA), which can contribute to schizophrenia, depression, or Alzheimer's disease. In addition, eating foods that come into contact with BPA can lead to disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems, and even cancer. Never use such products in microwave ovens that allow BPA to penetrate deeper into food.

It is most often found in:

Bottles, dishes for children, in pacifiers;

Disposable packaging and utensils;

Epoxy resins on the inner surface of cans with canned products;

Cosmetic products as an antioxidant;

medical equipment;

kitchen appliances;

Glasses for glasses;

Water coolers;

Electronic and automotive industries.

In order to avoid poisoning from packaged food, simple nuances should be taken into account.

First of all, it should be remembered that disposable tableware is disposable.

Currently, plastic is an integral part of our lives, and it will not be possible to get rid of it quickly in the kitchen. But you can try to minimize the harmful effects of plastic on our health. For this:

1. Use only plastics marked 2 (HDPE) and 5 (PP) for food storage.

2. Do not use other categories of plastic for food storage, but recycle it. Do not reuse PET bottles or microwave food in the food trays you bought them in (unless the packaging says they are suitable for this purpose).

2. Do not microwave food in packages containing bisphenol (Group 7), do not pour hot liquids into them, and do not wash in the dishwasher.

3. Use all plastic packaging in accordance with the instructions on them (recommendations for temperature, use of the dishwasher, etc.).

4. Do not buy mineral water in plastic packages that have been exposed to the sun, but it is best to buy drinks (including such as milk, kefir, yogurt) in glass containers.

Disposable packaging and utensils are designed to be used once. It is not worth leaving them in reserve for storing other products.

After use, the thin protective layer on the plastic is destroyed, and these dishes cannot be reused.

Always pay attention to the appearance of the package, its integrity, clarity of the inscription, expiration date.
Principle 1. Disposable tableware can be used strictly for its intended purpose.
Each type of disposable tableware has an indication of what it is intended for: for cold, for hot, for cold drinks, for alcohol, etc. If you pour a hot drink into a glass intended for cold, the plastic begins to release toxic substances.

principle 2. Never leave the product in an open jar, even in the refrigerator. Either buy a smaller package or close tightly.
Principle 3. You can not store any products in disposable dishes, especially in used ones.
After using disposable tableware, the protective layer is destroyed, and when products, such as sugar, are stored in it, toxic substances pass into the product.

Principle 4. Meat and cheese are better not to take in the package.
Principle 5. Plastic dishes are not intended for ethanol-containing substances - alcohol.
Ethanol is an aggressive solvent. The toxic substances in the plastic begin to dissolve and end up in the drink.
Principle 6. The best option for disposable tableware is paper.

Principle 7. Often the composition of plastic dishes includes melamine, which is especially abundant in bright multi-colored dishes intended for children. In its normal state, it is not dangerous, but if you put something hot on a plate, medanin begins to release toxins that enter the human body with food.
Paper is cellulose. Even if its particles enter the body, nothing terrible will happen.

Plastic bottles

While disposable cups are usually thrown away, convenient plastic bottles often remain in use.

In them by no means can't pour milk, since fats in it are able to dissolve some polymers, alcoholic drinks, kvass, compote. Polymers tend to "age" under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, high temperatures, so over time they begin to release substances harmful to humans.

Figures and facts

According to the United Nations Committee for Nature Conservation, plastic waste causes the death of 1 million birds, 100,000 marine mammals and countless fish every year.

Recycling 1 ton of plastic saves 750 kg of oil.

The rational organization of the processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) makes it possible to use up to 90% of the waste products in the construction industry, for example, as a filler for concrete blocks.

By recycling 670 aluminum cans, you can make a bicycle.

Recycling 1 kg of aluminum saves 8 kg of bauxite and 14 kWh of electricity.

When burned, 5 tons of garbage emit as much heat as 2 tons of coal or 1 ton of liquid fuel.

On the Internet, we found many sites where people share their inventions and crafts from plastic bottles, plastic disposable tableware, plastic bags. Birdhouses, mousetraps, funnels and pots for seedlings are made from bottles. They are hung on the fence as a scarecrow from crows, and also used as waterproof caps on the tops of poles.

The bottles are an eco-friendly solar water heater.

A Chinese farmer placed 66 bottles on the roof of his house, connecting them with a simple system of pipes. Bottled water heats up almost instantly and enters the house. Hot water is enough for three family members of an enterprising Chinese to take a hot shower. The neighbors liked the invention so much that they immediately decided to use this idea.

Fantastic plastic ship

A team of French explorers is about to sail from San Francisco to Australia (18,000 km) on an 18 meter vessel made entirely from plastic bottles (except for the sail masts). The construction of the yacht took 18,000 two-liter plastic bottles, which were filled with dry ice (to give hardness).

A million bottles to build a temple

That's how many bottles were used by environmentally conscious Buddhist monks in Thailand to build their temple. During the construction of the temple, the monks used green Heineken beer bottles and brown Chang beer bottles. In the temple, even toilets and crematoria are made from empty bottles.

Near the Zapolskaya hospital

among primary and secondary school students

Here is such a cheerful clearing appeared at school.

The flowers were made by elementary school students.

Conclusions.

As a result of the work done, we found out when plastic packaging and plastic bags appeared. They are easy to use, thanks to such properties as lightness, elasticity, strength, and therefore occupy an increasing place in human life, but it cannot be destroyed after use.

Having worked in a chemistry classroom, we learned that plastic packaging does not decompose even under the influence of chemical reagents, and when burned, it emits toxic smoke that is dangerous to human health. Thus, we confirmed our hypothesis: plastic packaging really litters the earth and harms nature.

Our observations and the contest showed that if you approach this problem creatively and in a businesslike way, you can find many ways to use plastic packaging.

At the end of our work, we want to say that in every family something must be accumulated, or even thrown away. We have found many uses for household waste from plastic packaging. Some of the ways we propose to see in the booklet "Plastic Fantasies"

Based on the results of our research, we have outlined the following steps:

1. Present the results of our research to the students of our school, the villagers.

2. Create as many crafts, useful and unusual, as possible on the school grounds.

3. Write an article in the district newspaper Zhytstse Prydzvi nnya to once again draw the attention of residents to the problem of garbage in our villages and remind that we ourselves are responsible for the cleanliness and beauty of our area.

usedresources:

1. Wikipedia Free encyclopedia [electronic resource] Access mode:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8
2. Science, news. Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications. [electronic resource] Access mode:
http://www.inauka.ru/technology/article40009
3. Children's portal bebi.lv [electronic resource] Access mode:
http://www.bebi.lv/otdih-i-dosug-s-detjmi/podelki-iz-plastikovih-butilok...
4. Site "Ecology" [electronic resource] Access mode http://www.ecology.md/section.php?section=tech&id=2220

1. Plastic container for water, cereals and liquids.
2. From the plastic bottle, you can build a heat-insulating wall, a house, a greenhouse, and other structures.
3. The bottom of the bottle can be cut off and used as a watering can.
4. Cut off the neck of a plastic bottle and use it as a pot for flowers, seedlings.
5. The plastic bottle can be a fishing net float.
6. In a plastic bottle, water can be purified and disinfected.
7. Plastic from a bottle can be used as "glass" and make a translucent window.
8. A plastic bottle makes an excellent washstand.
9. The cut plastic bottle can become a scoop for bulk products and materials.
10. If you cut off a part of a plastic bottle, it will turn into a mug, container (plate) for food, a vase or a universal container.
11. From a large number of plastic bottles, you can build a raft, simple and reliable, quick to manufacture, or even an entire island.
12. You can also make a life buoy or life jacket out of bottles.
13. If you cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle and attach a handle, you get a wonderful mouthpiece.
14. The bottle can be a hot water bottle.
15. Candlestick, table lamp.
16. If you make several holes in the bottle cap, you will get a sprinkler or sprinkler. A very handy thing when frying barbecue on the grill.
17. If you insert a small tube into the bottle cap, you get an oiler that will help fill containers located in hard-to-reach places (gearboxes, transmission elements)
18. Although it is not easy, it is possible to make a homemade silencer for firearms from a plastic bottle.
19. If you pour pebbles into a plastic bottle, you get a rattle that can be hung on a rope around the perimeter of the protected area.
20. Thermos (if you insert another, smaller one into one plastic bottle, and lay foam newspaper material between them, etc.). To maintain the temperature of a filled plastic bottle, you can simply wrap it tightly in several layers with newspaper or corrugated cardboard.
21. Often plastic bottles are used as a target (to be hit by various means of destruction, stones, arrows, etc.). Unlike glass, after hitting this target, no fragments remain.
22. Small dumbbells can be made by filling a bottle with shot, small nuts and bolts, or just wet sand.
23. If you pour water into a bottle, you can use it as a rolling pin for dough.
24. Plastic bottles make wonderful greenhouses for rooting plants or for maintaining high humidity of various small seedlings and seedlings.
25. A waterproof container for storing and carrying matches, dry fuel, and other non-waterproof items can also be made from a plastic bottle.
26. You can make a bird or animal feeder.
27. A plastic bottle, under certain conditions, can be used as an electrical insulator.
28. You can also make traps for small fish, crayfish, rodents.
29. Make goggles or even a whole mask, protect your face and eyes from dust, flying particles, insects.
30. On bottles, you can spend the night on cold soil. Or just use the bottle as a pillow.
31. It seems incredible, but in a plastic bottle you can boil water on a fire.
32. From large plastic flasks you can make the simplest shoes to protect your feet.

View presentation content
"Plastic Fantasies"

Fantasies of plastic

creative project

Completed:

Polunina Kristina, 8th grade;

Fedorova Ekaterina, 7th grade

Advantages and disadvantages of plastic packaging

Advantages

disadvantages

transparent,

can be dyed

in any color

products in plastic packaging have a short shelf life

lungs

Don't fight

some bottles contain harmful substances

convenient to transport

Planet in a plastic bag

• “Look around! Whether in your office, kitchen or bedroom, plastic is all around us. Our food packaging, clothing, computers, mobile phones, stationery and even toys... »

Experts say

A person throws out up to 250 kg of household waste per year.

About 25% of these are food waste,

5-10% - paper,

50% - polymers,

the rest falls on metal, textiles, rubber, glass and other rubbish.

Accumulations of plastic bottles on the planet already

form real floating continents in the oceans.

In the Pacific Ocean, a "plastic island" weighs approximately 100 million tons.

According to scientists

paper decomposes in the ground within 1 month, banana peel - 6 months, wool - 1 year, wooden poles - 4 years,

paper cups - 5 years,

painted wood - 13 years,

a tin can is 100 years old, and a plastic bottle is from 500 years to 1000 years,

• “We must not forget that the level of development of the system for collecting and processing secondary raw materials is, in fact, an eloquent indicator of not only our common culture, but also the civilization of the economy as a whole. In addition, the environmental safety of the state directly depends on the efficiency of work in the field of waste management. This is our responsibility to future generations.”
• “Ensuring order on earth is not only about collecting garbage, municipal household waste, but also using them rationally.”

• the streets of our village, the roads are littered with garbage, most of which are plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plastic bags.

• We live in a rural area in the village of Zapolye, Vitebsk region, located 70 kilometers from the city. On the territory of the village there are 6 garbage containers for 76 yards, which is extremely small, and garbage removal is not carried out regularly. So we get such mini-dumps around the village, which spoil the overall look.

Relevance

A large amount of garbage, and especially empty plastic bottles, on the streets of our village made us think about the question of how to solve this problem. The project "Plastic Fantasy" is dedicated to an important and topical topic of the present time - the problem of municipal solid waste.

• identify the conditions and ways of recycling plastic bottles, plastic bags, disposable plastic tableware

Project objectives:

• find out when plastic bottles, disposable plastic utensils, plastic bags appeared;
• develop recommendations for the recycling of plastic bottles, plastic bags;
• hold a school competition for the best crafts from these plastic products.

Research methods:

• * study of literary sources, Internet resources;
• * experiment;
• *sociological survey;
• * observation.

Significance and applied value of the work

To teach schoolchildren to take care of the nature around us, to instill in them the skills of manual labor, to expand their knowledge about the history of things.

Figures and facts

- Recycling 1 ton of plastic saves 750 kg of oil.

The rational organization of the processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) makes it possible to use up to 90% of the waste products in the construction industry, for example, as a filler for concrete blocks.

- By recycling 670 aluminum cans, you can make a bicycle

- Recycling 1 kg of aluminum saves 8 kg of bauxite and 14 kWh of electricity.

- When burned, 5 tons of garbage emit as much heat as 2 tons of coal or 1 ton of liquid fuel.

Practical application of used plastic packaging in the village of Zapolye .

• Near the Zapolskaya hospital

Greenhouse made of plastic bottles of the Shmyrev family

• At the end of our work, we want to say that in every family something must be accumulated, or even thrown away. We have found many uses for household waste from plastic packaging.
• Based on the results of our research, we have outlined the following steps:
• 1. Present the results of our research to the students of our school, the villagers.
• 2. Create as many crafts, useful and unusual, as possible on the school grounds.
• 3. Write an article in the district newspaper "Zhytstse Prydzvinnya" to once again draw the attention of residents to the problem of garbage in our villages and remind that we ourselves are responsible for the cleanliness and beauty of our area

Fantasize! Dare! Creative success to you!

"That bird is bad,
who pollutes her nest"
(folk proverb).

Have all mankind and each of us become like this bird?

For man, as for any species, nature is the environment of life and the source of existence. Currently, environmental problems are a very acute issue. People especially suffer from pollution by industrial waste.

We tried to answer these questions in the course of our work.

One of the main sources of pollution is the products of the chemical industry, which is the "locomotive" of scientific and technological progress. The uniqueness of this industry lies in the fact that with its help people can create materials that do not exist in nature. The product range of the chemical industry is plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber and polymers, etc.

Our study began with an integrated lesson in geography, chemistry and biology, which introduced the production of plastics. Then, using Internet resources, the students got acquainted with the production of plastic packaging (plastic bottles). The children studied in great detail the production of polyethylene terephthalate and its products. Different types of containers (plastic and glass) were compared, advantages and disadvantages were revealed. At first glance, plastic packaging is an excellent packaging material. But the amount of plastic packaging is increasing every year not only in production, but also in waste. Plastic products are thrown into nature as waste, in the amount of 260 million tons. in year. Plastic waste as household waste heavily pollutes the surface of the entire earth, they are carried by rivers and streams into the oceans, forming giant floating islands. Which cause significant damage to the Earth's ecosystem. We have proven that the chemical industry is not only a vanguard industry, but also an environmental disaster.

Based on the integrated lesson, the idea arose to study in more detail the impact of plastic waste on the Earth's ecology and present the material in the form of a project. Working groups were created, the participants of which showed the results of the research in the form of presentation reports.

The first group conducted a raid on the outskirts of our city. The guys took pictures of the resting places of the townspeople. Most of the trash found was plastic bottles. Then they conducted a social survey of housing and communal services workers and residents of the city. The report was presented in the form of a video report.

The second group investigated the impact of plastic waste on the environment. The guys presented material on the pollution of land and the oceans. They showed the threat to living organisms from plastic waste (bottles, corks, disposable syringes, bags, etc.), which cause the death of marine and terrestrial animals. Getting acquainted with the material, they found that nature itself activated evolutionary mechanisms and began to “create” bacteria that “eat” plastic.

Another group of students explored the possibility of recycling plastic waste. They got acquainted with the plant for processing plastic bottles LLC "Resurs", which is located on the territory of the Penza region in the village of Chaadaevka, at the enterprise which processes 100 tons of bottles per month. This is an excellent raw material for the production of paving slabs, packaging tape, brooms and accessories for kitchen sets.

Students presented a research report on a given topic in the form of a report, video material and presentations at a scientific and practical conference of students from their school.

We students, the new generation, want to know what the future holds for us.

We want to offer people to live more rationally:

• use only environmentally friendly type of packaging material;
• clean and waste-free production;

Changes in the natural environment that are unfavorable for mankind can be eliminated using modern achievements.

If each of us begins to take care of nature at least at the household level, then we can reduce the negative impact on the planet.

Conference.

Introduction.

We invited you to the conference "Planet in plastic packaging"

How did the idea of ​​holding a lesson, an environmental action and this conference come about ?

In September of this academic year, we traditionally went on an excursion into nature in order to study water, air and soil. Every time we see a serious anthropogenic impact - large piles of garbage, the basis of which is plastic packaging. And we wondered if our planet would be completely wrapped in plastic. Do we really need such packaging, why does it accumulate so much in the environment, is there a possibility of recycling it at the present time?

We will try to answer these questions during our conference.

Sborshchikova V.:

Somehow gathering with the last strength,
The Lord created a beautiful planet.
Gave her the shape of a large ball,
And planted trees and flowers there,
Herbs of unparalleled beauty.

Many animals began to be found there:
Snakes, elephants, turtles and birds.
Here's a gift for you, people, own
Plow the land, sow bread.
I bequeath everything to you from now on -
You protect this shrine!

Everything would be fine, of course,
But…civilization has come.
Technological progress broke free.
The scientific world, dormant hitherto, suddenly resurrected,
And he gave his infernal inventions to the earthly population.

Let's talk about one invention that the 20th century passed on to the 21st - the production of plastics.

The advantage of plastics over other natural materials (objects).

How are plastics produced chemically? What raw materials are used in this case, he will tell us -

Most of the polymeric materials are used in the production of packaging.

In what area is plastic packaging used?

This question will be answered by Kazakova Maria. Presentation 3 “Use of plastic packaging”

At first glance, people should be delighted with such an achievement in the field of chemistry, as a wonderful packaging material has been created. And how safe is it for a person and the world around him?

The properties of plastic were studied by students of the 9th “b” class.

Maxim Karpushov will talk about what they studied in the lesson.

Karpushov Maxim.

In the open integrated lesson "Chemical industry - a vanguard industry or an environmental disaster" we carried out research practical work on the study of the properties of plastic.

We see that the disposal of plastic waste is difficult and not safe. Can they be recycled? What impact does plastic waste have on the environment?

Word Tenchurina Victoria. Presentation 4 “The impact of plastic packaging on the environment”

Pupils 9 "b" in September went to the ecological path. Will tell us about the results of the tour Pavlishina Polina. Presentation 5 “Excursion to the natural complex”

Leading: Polina, what do you think, is garbage in nature an accidental phenomenon or is it a pattern even for our beloved city?

Polina: No, this is not an accident. In the vicinity of our town, garbage can be found everywhere and in fairly large quantities.

Leading: The children from the 10th grade became interested in this problem, who also participated in the ecological trail last academic year. They held a photo session and a sociological survey of housing and communal services workers and residents of our city.

Erokhin Vladislav will present you the results of his work. Presentation 6 “Trash around us”

Rybalsky Kirill will introduce you to video material filmed in our city.

As we can see, mountains of garbage are growing. Tons of plastic products end their lives in the oceans, forming floating islands. What to do? Will our beautiful planet end up in plastic packaging?

The Penza region did not stand aside either. She was one of the first to take part in the recycling and recycling of plastic bottles.

About the enterprise "Resource" will tell us Klygin Anton. Presentation 7 “Utilization of plastic bottles in Chaadaevka village”.

At the same open lesson, the guys suggested their ways of recycling plastic waste and formalized their ideas in the form of mini-projects that will be presented to us by

Leading: Children not only of our school are concerned about this issue, children of the whole world worried about the future. With the development of industry, people forgot about nature.

“The Girl Who Silenced the World” (video from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TReKZZtOvU)

Our planet is literally choking on garbage, each of us takes garbage out of our apartment almost every day, for example, in St. Petersburg, about 8 million cubic meters of household garbage is generated per year.

In nature, nothing disappears without a trace, everything falls apart and returns to the natural cycle again. The activity of the modern consumer society is linear, that is, we first take, consume, and then throw away. Modern manufacturers of goods make packaging colorful, attractive, food in such packaging does not deteriorate for a long time. For the production of packaging, polymeric materials are mainly used. Plastic today is used everywhere and not only for the production of packaging. We very often began to use plastic utensils, today each inhabitant of the planet accounts for up to 88.5 kg of plastic disposable utensils per year. Used packaging and other waste end up in a landfill, littering the ground. Under natural conditions, paper decomposes within 2-5 months, cigarette butts from 1 to 12 years, plastic bags decompose 10-20 years, plastic packaging practically does not decompose. Plastic is a real disaster for nature! The world's oceans are literally full of plastic garbage, mostly packaging material? bottles and bags, about 95% of seabirds living in the North Sea have plastic garbage in their stomachs. So, for example, in Belgium, researchers found 1600 pieces of plastic in the stomach of a dead bird! According to the UN, plastic waste causes the death of 1 million seabirds a year. So, for example, 272 pieces of various small debris were found in the stomach of a dead albatross chick, it got there with food, the fact is that the stomachs of the fish that fed it were full of garbage. All this accumulated in the chick's stomach until it overflowed. Due to plastic waste, not only sea birds die, but also a large number of marine mammals: dolphins, seals, whales and other animals. A plastic bag in the ocean can resemble a jellyfish, if swallowed by a turtle, it can block its digestive tract or give it a feeling of fullness, as a result, the animal will stop eating and die.

In 2006, volunteer cleaners found 1,074 animals entangled in various debris and old fishing gear. About 80% of plastic enters the seas and oceans from land. A gigantic amount of garbage is growing in the Pacific Ocean. The currents have formed two huge garbage patches: the eastern and western Pacific garbage patches. The eastern section is located between the Hawaiian Islands and the coast of California. The area of ​​this huge garbage island is twice the size of the state of Texas, and the mass of household waste concentrated there, by the way, is 90% plastic, exceeds 3.5 million tons, the western garbage patch is located east of Japan.

If the consumption of non-recyclable plastic is not curtailed now, then in the next decade, the area of ​​oceanic garbage patches, already huge, could double. The situation is aggravated by the fact that it is almost impossible to completely clean the ocean of household and other garbage.

The burning of plastic waste also causes great damage to nature; when it is burned, very toxic substances enter the atmosphere, which harm not only the environment, but also human health. The situation can be changed by reducing the use of plastic packaging or its recycling. The best way to reduce plastic waste is to eliminate plastic packaging and products that contain plastic.

The problem will help to solve the separate collection of waste, their further processing and production of recycled polymer materials, as well as the development and production of packaging from bio- and water-degradable materials, the cessation and complete prohibition of the free distribution of plastic packaging and bags in retail outlets. The introduction of a fee for plastic packaging will significantly reduce its popularity among the population. A large contribution to reducing the amount of waste will be made by the widespread use of paper packaging, since paper is an environmentally friendly material, only paint applied to it can harm the environment.

Everyone can make a small contribution to reducing waste. First of all, it is necessary to leave as little garbage as possible in places of recreation, whether it be a forest, a park or a beach, and household waste must be taken only to containers specially designed for this, that is, do not arrange unauthorized dumps. When purchasing goods and products in stores, you should pay attention to their packaging, giving preference to environmentally friendly packaging, if you have a choice, refuse to purchase products in plastic packaging. When you go shopping, take a bag with you so you don't have to buy a plastic bag, and finally, try to buy products whose packaging can be recycled or reused.

Remember that each of us is responsible for the fate of our common home - planet Earth, and everyone is able to contribute to its purification.

Our planet is literally choking on garbage (photo: x3mblog.ru)

Our planet is literally choking on garbage, each of us almost daily takes out the garbage from the apartment, for example, in St. Petersburg, about 8 million cubic meters of household garbage is generated per year.

In nature, nothing disappears without a trace, everything falls apart and returns to the natural cycle again. The activity of the modern consumer society is linear, that is, we first take, consume, and then throw away. Modern manufacturers of goods make packaging colorful, attractive, food in such packaging does not deteriorate for a long time. For the production of packaging, polymeric materials are mainly used. Plastic Today it is used everywhere and not only for the production of packaging. We very often use plastic utensils Today, each inhabitant of the planet accounts for up to 88.5 kg of plastic disposable tableware per year. Used packaging and other waste end up in a landfill, littering the ground.

Under natural conditions, paper decomposes within 2-5 months, cigarette butts from 1 to 12 years, plastic bags decompose 10-20 years, plastic packaging practically does not decompose. Plastic is a real disaster for nature! The world's oceans are literally full of plastic garbage, mainly packaging material - bottles and bags, about 95% of seabirds that live in the North Sea have plastic garbage in their stomachs. So, for example, in Belgium, researchers found 1600 pieces of plastic in the stomach of a dead bird! According to the UN, plastic waste causes the death of 1 million seabirds a year. So, for example, 272 pieces of various small debris were found in the stomach of a dead albatross chick, it got there with food, the fact is that the stomachs of the fish that fed it were full of garbage. All this accumulated in the chick's stomach until it overflowed. Due to plastic waste, not only sea birds die, but also a large number of marine mammals: dolphins, seals, whales and other animals. A plastic bag in the ocean can resemble a jellyfish, if swallowed by a turtle, it can block its digestive tract or give it a feeling of fullness, as a result, the animal will stop eating and die.

A polluted river in Manila, Philippines, flowing through poor neighborhoods, March 01, 2009 (photo: AFP)

In 2006, volunteer cleaners found 1,074 animals entangled in various debris and old fishing gear. About 80% of plastic enters the seas and oceans from land. A gigantic amount of garbage is growing in the Pacific Ocean. The currents have formed two huge garbage patches: the eastern and western Pacific garbage patches. The eastern section is located between the Hawaiian Islands and the coast of California. The area of ​​this huge garbage island is twice the size of the state of Texas, and the mass of household waste concentrated there, by the way, is 90% plastic, exceeds 3.5 million tons, the western garbage patch is located east of Japan.

If the consumption of non-recyclable plastic is not curtailed now, then in the next decade, the area of ​​oceanic garbage patches, already huge, could double. The situation is aggravated by the fact that it is almost impossible to completely clean the ocean of household and other garbage.

The burning of plastic waste also causes great damage to nature; when it is burned, very toxic substances enter the atmosphere, which harm not only the environment, but also human health. The situation can be changed by reducing the use of plastic packaging or its recycling. The best way to reduce plastic waste is to eliminate plastic packaging and products that contain plastic.

Plastic bottles carefully collected by the Vacha dam near the Bulgarian town of Krichim (photo: AFP)

Help solve the problem separate waste collection, their further processing and production of recycled polymer materials, as well as the development and production of packaging from bio- and water-degradable materials, the cessation and complete prohibition of the free distribution of plastic packaging and bags in retail outlets. The introduction of a fee for plastic packaging will significantly reduce its popularity among the population. The widespread use of paper packaging, since paper is environmentally friendly material, only the paint applied to it can bring harm to the environment.

Everyone can make a small contribution to reducing waste. First of all, there is no need to leave garbage in places of recreation, whether it be a forest, a park or a beach, and household waste must be taken only to containers specially designed for this, that is, do not arrange unauthorized dumps. When purchasing goods and products in stores, you should pay attention to their packaging, giving preference to environmentally friendly packaging, if you have a choice, refuse to purchase products in plastic packaging. When you go shopping, take a bag with you so you don't have to buy a plastic bag, and finally, try to buy products whose packaging can be recycled or reused.

Remember that each of us is responsible for the fate of our common home - planet Earth, and everyone is able to contribute to its purification.