Preparing the workplace for work. Organization of the chef's workplace. Requirements for workplace organization
You are back on my blog, and I am glad to see you! Hello! I’m not afraid to seem like a bore, and again I’ll ask an obsessive question to parents of first-graders: are you ready to start school life? Yes, yes, exactly you, parents! The child has been ready for a long time: he sleeps and sees himself at the morning assembly, schooled to perfection, with a bouquet of flowers.
When you are faced with some, albeit small and completely solvable problems, developing invaluable experience, then you try to make life easier for yourself and those around you by sharing this very experience. Today I would like to provide a little help parents of newly minted students and figure out how to arrange workplace for a first grader.
Lesson plan:
To be a workplace or not to be?
Preparing for lessons at the kitchen table or according to the principle “wherever is free” today is a past stage of Soviet times, when the well-known “Khrushchev” houses accommodated at least two, or even three families. “Whoever gets up first gets the slippers” - that’s how children used to do it homework. I really hope that such camping conditions for schoolchildren are far behind us.
Is it possible to provide a corner in a small apartment for your future first-grader so that he can comfortably acquire new knowledge? How about changing the already familiar furnishings in a large apartment, violating the “sweat and blood” interior that was built with your own hands a couple of years ago?
Designers who make “candy” out of everything convince us that everything can be combined at home, it depends on our desire. The main thing is to do it with soul and correctly.
So there will definitely be a workplace for the future schoolchild! But how to organize it effectively? Follow me!
In cramped conditions, but not offended, or where to accommodate a schoolchild
The choice of a place for a schoolchild should be approached with particular scrupulousness.
- First of all, because it should be both ergonomic and harmless for a growing organism, because a first-grader will have to spend an awful lot of time at the school desk!
- Secondly, the school corner should remain a personal place for studying, and not turn in a couple of months into a residential area for all household members and into a warehouse for toys, household items and clothing. From the list of places for their own needs, parents will have to cross out the allocated corner once and for all.
So, if you are ready, let’s pick up a big broom and start cleaning the space without sparing or skimping.
Student tables and chairs: what you need to know
We have already studied the orthopedic requirements for school furniture in detail. Remember? In addition to selecting furniture for the child’s height, we try to choose tabletops with adjustable inclination for various types of activities: from reading to creativity, and we also exclude swivel chairs from the list so as not to give a reason to turn the lesson into a circus attraction.
From the story about you and I, we understood that ideal option There will be a transformable desk for first-graders.
What else is important for furniture? Psychologists say that you should not forget about color. Yes, too much bright colors Only the first few hours are perceived as “wow” and gradually begin to irritate the eyes. Make a choice in favor of the “golden mean”. It can be beige, light coffee, marsh, yellow tones, even red, but warm shades - all of them will not tire.
Let there be light!
Even if the chair and table are not suitable for height, we know a way out: we’ll pick up a stand for your feet and put a pillow under the backrest. This is not a problem and not even its half! But if a child doesn’t see what he’s writing and can’t make out what he’s reading, that’s a tragedy! Good lighting is the key to healthy eyes and successful studies. Being a ray of light in the school working kingdom also has its own rules.
- When placing a table opposite a window, remember that the sun's rays can be reflected from the tabletop if it is glossy, and this is a direct strain on your eyesight. There are two options: the table - in another place or a matte tabletop.
- Ideal for a study table - side near the window. For right-handers, the sun's rays should fall from the left, for left-handers - exactly the opposite. Similar rules apply to lamps.
- The darkness of the entire room with only one illuminated workplace greatly affects fatigue. You can achieve comfort with LED strips, which are molded onto the shelves, spotlights located around the perimeter, as well as switches that can regulate the intensity of light.
- Ophthalmologists advise using light bulb power of no more than 60 watts for table lamps.
Little things pleasing to the eye
No workplace would be complete without pleasant and useful little things. Where will those tired from leafing through books sleep at night? Where will pens and pencils go to rest after intense manual labor? Where will he hide? Of course, thinking about accessories, cabinets and shelves is very important!
What can live on your desktop?
What else needs to be taken into account when organizing a workplace?
This is interesting! The crystal globe is considered the most powerful talisman that helps schoolchildren and students in their studies. Even if you don’t believe in esoteric signs, such a gift for September 1 will be able to please your first-grader and will successfully settle on his desk.
Well, now there are many, many, many unusual ideas for arranging a schoolchild’s room. Let's watch the video!
I am sure that each of those who have been prepared for school has their “five cents.” Don't be shy, replenish your piggy bank practical advice! That's all for today.
Good luck with your preparation for school!
Always yours, Evgenia Klimkovich
Before starting work you must:
§ Turn on the full lighting of the workplace and make sure that the lamps are working properly.
§ Check the sanitary condition of the workplace and ventilate it by opening windows or transoms and doors. Make sure that the air temperature in the workplace complies with established sanitary standards.
§ Wear overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment.
§ Prepare work area for safe operation.
§ Check the presence and reliability of the protective grounding connection to the electrical equipment housings (if the workplace has electrical equipment).
§ Make sure that the electrical equipment of the workplace (if any) is in good working order: lamps must be securely suspended from the ceiling and have light-diffusing fittings; electrical switching boxes must be closed, and electrical sockets must be covered with false plugs; housings and covers of switches and sockets should not have cracks, chips, or exposed contacts. When using technical teaching aids in classes, make sure that they are in good working order and that the supply cables and electrical plugs are intact.
§ Prepare the equipment and inventory necessary for the work. Check its serviceability.
General requirements industrial sanitation and occupational hygiene.
Nursery staff preschool must come to work in clean, neat clothes and shoes. Before starting work, wash your hands thoroughly, put on a clean robe or other clean suit, and have a change of shoes; carefully pick up the hair under the cap or headscarf. Technical staff should have a separate robe for cleaning the premises, as well as a clean apron for serving food. Before entering the toilet room, you should take off your robe and after leaving, wash your hands thoroughly with soap; Staff are prohibited from using the children's toilet. Before leaving the preschool institution, the robe must be removed and put in the closet.
Personnel of preschool institutions are required to conduct a medical examination in accordance with the requirements of the “Instructions for conducting mandatory medical examinations of persons entering work and working at food enterprises, at water supply facilities, in child care institutions, etc.”
Newly admitted persons without documents on the results of medical examinations and special examinations are not allowed to work.
All preschool employees involved in serving and feeding children are required to take a minimum sanitary course, pass an exam and strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene while working, and catering workers are required to comply with sanitary requirements for food preparation technology. A repeated course of the sanitary minimum must be completed once every 2 years. All catering workers must be examined daily by a nurse for the presence of pustular diseases with a mandatory note in a special journal.
Sick workers or employees of preschool institutions who are suspected of having an illness are not allowed to work or are immediately suspended from work.
Safety requirements when performing work moving heavy objects.
STANDARDS
Maximum permissible loads for women when moving heavy objects manually
Note:
1. The mass of the lifted and moved cargo includes the mass of containers and packaging.
2. When moving cargo on carts or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.
August, September and October are a time of active preparation for the transition of former kindergarteners to student status primary schools. This is the time when parents prepare a workplace for the schoolchild at home. Right now you can think through everything to the smallest detail and make the necessary decisions.
Organizing a workplace for a student must be approached with the utmost seriousness. After all, it should be as comfortable as possible, well-lit, multifunctional (both for creativity and for completing homework), convenient in the truest sense of the word. To ensure that books don’t fall on your head from above, there is enough light and you don’t have to lean close to the notebook, so that the child’s legs feel supported and not dangle in the air, so that each item has its own place - you need carefully selected tables and chairs.
Where do we start? If your baby has not yet reached the height of adult tables with a height of 760 mm and standard chairs with a height of 450 mm, there may be problems with slipping and, as a result, problems with posture. Furniture companies offer tables with height adjustment for both desks and chairs. You can also choose “static” headsets, but subject to the following rules:
1. The height of the two main objects that make up the workspace is adjusted according to the student’s height.
No. / Student height / Table height / Chair height:
1. Up to 130 cm - 520 mm - 300 mm.
2. From 130 to 145 cm - 580 mm - 340 mm.
3. From 145 to 165 cm - 640 mm - 480 mm.
4. From 160 to 175 cm - 700 mm - 420 mm.
5. Over 175 cm - 760 mm - 460 mm.
2. The table cover is at least 600x600 mm, since even with such dimensions, during lessons, it will be necessary to find a place for books, pencils and pens, notebooks and an album.
3. Drawers in cabinets for storing student stationery should not be deep. Otherwise, in search of any small items, you will have to shake out the contents of the box.
It is necessary to decide the issue with a personal computer: should I buy it now or later? If later, you can transform the desk. Buy a keyboard shelf and a cart for the system unit (it is mobile and takes up little space under the table). If you have a personal computer for your child and you don’t want him to be distracted from doing his homework, then a new work area is needed.
If your student has already grown up and you are looking for a replacement desk to accommodate a computer, in this case, a suitable option would be a table model with a lid measuring 1200x700 mm, with a light add-on (a pair of open shelves) and an office-style pencil case. The pencil case has drawers from below to table level, and shelves on top, open or closed.
The light is located on the left (or on the right if the baby is left-handed). The student's workspace should be well lit. Must be purchased table lamp or sconce as an autonomous light source.
And lastly: the color scheme of the workspace should be pleasant for the child. It can be one-color or two-color option, harmonious combination two colors of chipboard (MDF or wood) or different colors Chipboard and PVC edges. If you want to maintain the color scheme of the furniture already present in the room, add some bright decorative elements, pleasant colors and content.
The main thing is convenience and functionality. After all, a student spends 20 to 30% of his time at his desk to consolidate school material and doing homework. When purchasing new pieces of furniture, it is advisable to sit your baby at the table in the store in order to make sure that the choice is correct. There, make sure that all drawers and doors of the desk are opened so that they do not touch the child sitting behind it. Check whether the future student can reach the shelves and drawers.
4.1. The procedure for preparing a workplace
4.1.1. To prepare the workplace for work that requires stress relief, the following technical measures must be carried out in the specified order:
The necessary shutdowns have been made and measures have been taken to prevent the switching equipment from being switched on erroneously or spontaneously;
Prohibiting posters were posted on manual drives and on remote control keys of switching equipment;
The absence of voltage on live parts that must be grounded to protect people from electric shock has been checked;
Grounding is installed (grounding blades are turned on, portable grounding connections are installed);
If necessary, workplaces or live parts remaining energized are fenced and safety posters are posted on the fences. Depending on local conditions, live parts are fenced before or after they are grounded.
When performing operational maintenance of an electrical installation by two or more workers per shift, the activities listed in this paragraph must be performed by two people. In the case of individual maintenance, they can be performed by one person, except for the application of portable grounding and switching carried out at two or more connections in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, which do not have operating devices for blocking disconnectors from incorrect actions.
4.2. Shutdown (voltage relief)
4.2.1. When working on live parts that require voltage relief, the following must be turned off:
Live parts on which work will be carried out;
Unfenced live parts that can be approached by people or repair equipment and tools, mechanisms and lifting machines at a distance less than that specified in Table 2.3.
When working on a disconnected overhead line, when the possibility of approaching the elements of this overhead line to distances less than those indicated in the third column of Table 2.3 to the live parts of other overhead lines that are energized is not excluded, the latter must be turned off. VLS, radio, suspended together with the overhead line being repaired, must also be turned off.
If the live parts specified in this paragraph cannot be disconnected, they must be fenced.
4.2.2. In electrical installations above 1000 V, on each side from which the switching device can supply voltage to the workplace, there must be a visible gap formed by disconnecting or removing busbars and wires, disconnecting disconnectors, removing fuses, as well as disconnecting isolators and load switches, with the exception of those , in which automatic activation is carried out by springs installed on the devices themselves.
Voltage transformers and power transformers associated with the electrical installation area allocated for work must also be disconnected on the voltage side up to 1000 V to eliminate the possibility of reverse transformation.
4.2.3. When preparing the workplace after disconnecting disconnectors and load switches from manual control it is necessary to visually verify their disconnected position and the absence of shunt jumpers.
4.2.4. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, to prevent erroneous or spontaneous switching on of switching devices that can supply voltage to the place of work, the following measures must be taken:
For disconnectors, separators, load switches, manual drives in the off position are locked with a mechanical lock;
For disconnectors controlled by an operating rod, the stationary fences are locked with a mechanical lock;
For drives of switching devices that have remote control, the power and control circuits are turned off, and for pneumatic drives, and, in addition, on the compressed air supply pipeline, the valve is closed and mechanically locked and compressed air is released, while the drain valves are left open position;
For load and spring drives, the closing weight or closing springs are brought to the non-working position.
Measures to prevent erroneous switching on of switchgear switching devices with withdrawable trolleys must be taken in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.
4.2.5. In electrical installations with voltages from 6 to 10 kV with single-pole disconnectors, to prevent their erroneous switching on, it is allowed to put special insulating pads on the knives.
4.2.6. In electrical installations up to 1000 V, on all sides of live parts on which work will be carried out, the voltage must be removed by disconnecting manually operated switching devices, and if there are fuses in the circuit, by removing them. If there are no fuses in the circuit, prevention of erroneous switching on of switching devices must be ensured by such measures as locking handles or cabinet doors, closing buttons, installing insulating pads between the contacts of the switching device, etc. When removing voltage from a switching device with a remote control, it is necessary to turn off the switching coil.
If the design of the devices and the nature of the work allow, the measures listed above can be replaced by stripping or disconnecting the ends of the cable, wires from the switching device or from the equipment on which the work is to be performed.
Unwiring or disconnecting the cable when preparing the workplace can be performed by a repair worker with group III, under the supervision of an on-duty or operational repair worker. The live parts closest to the workplace that are accessible to touch must be de-energized or protected.
4.2.7. The disconnected position of switching devices up to 1000 V with contacts inaccessible for inspection (non-withdrawable circuit breakers, package switches, closed circuit breakers, etc.) is determined by checking the absence of voltage at their terminals or at the outgoing busbars, wires or terminals of the equipment included by these switching devices devices.
Organizational events. Preparation of the workplace and permission to work
Preparation of the workplace and permission to work
Preparation of the workplace and admission of the team to work is carried out only after obtaining permission from the operating personnel who manage and maintain the equipment.
It is not allowed to change the measures for preparing workplaces provided for in the work order.
Preparation of the workplace - implementation of technical measures before the start of work to prevent exposure of workers to hazardous production factors at work.
Before being allowed to work, the applicant must ensure that technical measures have been taken to prepare the workplace - by personal inspection, according to entries in the operational log, according to the operational scheme and according to reports from operational and operational-repair personnel of other involved organizations.
The responsible manager and the work supervisor (supervisor), before admitting him to work, must find out from the person allowing him what safety measures have been taken when preparing the workplace, and together with the person admitting him, check the preparation of the workplace by personal inspection within the workplace.
Admission to work according to orders and instructions after preparing the workplace must be carried out directly at the workplace. In this case, the admitter must:
- check the compliance of the brigade composition with the instructions of the order (order) - using personal identification cards;
- prove to the team that there is no voltage by showing the installed groundings or checking the absence of voltage if the groundings are not visible from the workplace (in electrical installations of 35 kV and below - by subsequently touching live parts with your hand).
The start of work according to the order (order) must be preceded by targeted instruction.
Targeted briefing- instructions for the safe performance of specific work in an electrical installation, covering the category of workers determined by the order or order (from the person who issued the order to the team member).
Without targeted instruction, permission to work is not permitted.
Targeted instruction during work according to work order (order) is carried out by:
- issuing order - to the responsible manager (if it is not assigned to the work manager or supervisor);
- admitting - to the responsible work manager, work foreman (supervisor) and team members;
- responsible work manager - to the work foreman (supervisor) and team members;
- the work foreman (supervisor) - to the team members.
When a new team member is included in the team, the briefing is usually carried out by the work supervisor (supervisor)
The issuing order (instruction), the responsible work manager, the work performer, in ongoing or targeted briefings, in addition to electrical safety issues, must give clear instructions on the technology for safe work, the safe use of lifting machines and mechanisms, tools and devices.
The supervisor instructs the team on measures for the safe conduct of work and on the procedure for moving the team around the territory of the electrical installation, excluding the possibility of electric shock.
In the targeted briefing, the permitter introduces the brigade to the contents of the order, (orders) indicates the boundaries of the workplace, the presence of induced voltage, shows the live parts and equipment closest to the workplace, which are not allowed to be approached, regardless of whether they are energized or not.
Permission to work is issued in both copies of the work order, one of which remains with the work producer (supervisor), and the second with the permitter.
Supervision during work. Changes in brigade composition.
After admission to work, supervision of the team’s compliance with safety requirements is assigned to the work manager (responsible manager, supervisor) who must organize his work in such a way as to monitor all members of the team.
The supervisor is not allowed to combine supervision with work.
If it is necessary to temporarily leave the workplace, the work supervisor (supervisor), if he cannot be replaced by the responsible work manager or the permitter, is obliged to remove the team from the work site with the doors to the electrical installation locked.
One worker (supervisor) or members of a team without a worker (supervisor) are not allowed to remain in electrical installations with voltages higher than 1 kV.
It is allowed, with the permission of the work supervisor (supervisor), to temporarily leave the workplace of one or more team members. In electrical installations with voltages above 1 kV, the number of team members remaining at the workplace must be at least 2, including the work supervisor (supervisor)
Team members with group III can independently leave and return to the workplace, and team members with group II can only be accompanied by a team member with group III, or an employee who has the right to individually inspect electrical installations.
After leaving the electrical installation room, the door must be locked.
Returning team members can begin work only with the permission of the work manager (supervisor).
If violations of the Safety Rules are detected, the team must be removed from the workplace and the work order must be taken away from the work manager (supervisor). You can start working again only after completing a new work order.
The employee who issued the work order or another employee who has the right to issue a work order to perform work in a given electrical installation is allowed to change the composition of the team.
If the responsible manager or work supervisor (supervisor) is replaced, the composition of the team changes by more than half, or the working conditions change, the work order must be reissued.
Transfer to another workplace
If the work order provides for alternating work at several workplaces, then in electrical installations with voltages above 1 kV, the transfer of the team to another workplace is carried out by the permitter. This translation can also be carried out by the responsible work manager or the work supervisor (supervisor), if the issuing order instructed them to do this, with an entry in the order in the line “separate instructions”.
In electrical installations up to 1 kV, as well as on overhead lines and cable lines, transfer to another workplace is carried out by the work supervisor (supervisor) without issuing a work order.
Registration of breaks in work and re-entry to work
When there is a break in work during the working day (for lunch, according to working conditions), the team is removed from the workplace, and the doors of the electrical installation are locked.
The work order remains with the work producer (supervisor). Team members do not have the right to return to the workplace after a break without a work supervisor (supervisor). Admission to work after such a break is carried out by the work supervisor (supervisor) without registration in the work order.
When there is a break in work due to the end of the working day, the team is removed from the workplace. Safety posters, fencing, and grounding are not removed.
In the work order, the work performer (supervisor) formalizes the completion of the work and submits the work order to the permitting person.
Repeated admission to the prepared workplace in subsequent days is carried out by the person admitting him or with his permission by the responsible work manager.
The work foreman (supervisor), with the permission of the permitter, can allow the team to work at the prepared workplace if he is instructed to do so in the “Separate instructions” line of the work order.
Upon re-admission, the work foreman (supervisor) must ensure the integrity and safety of the abandoned posters, fences, as well as the reliability of grounding and allows the team to work.
Registration of completion of work
After complete completion of the work, the work foreman (supervisor) must remove the team from the workplace, remove the temporary fences, posters and groundings installed by the team, close the doors of the electrical installation with a lock and formalize the complete completion of the work in the work order. After checking the workplace, the responsible manager also formalizes the complete completion of the work in the work order.
After the work is completed by the manufacturer and the responsible work manager, the work order is handed over to the permitting officer, who, after inspecting the work sites, reports the complete completion of the work to higher operational personnel. The completion of work according to the order (order) is also documented by the operational personnel in the “Journal of work accounting for orders and orders” and in the operational journal.
Switching on electrical installations after complete completion of work
Before turning on the electrical installation, after the work has been completed, the operating personnel make sure that the electrical installation is ready to turn on (checking the cleanliness of the workplace, the absence of tools, etc.), remove temporary fences, portable safety and grounding posters, and restore permanent fences.
In emergency cases, before the complete completion of the work, the operating personnel or permitting personnel may start work on electrical equipment or electrical installations taken out for repair in the absence of the team, provided that before the work foreman arrives and the work order is returned to them, workers are stationed at the workplace and are obliged to notify the work foreman and all members of the team on turning on the electrical installation and prohibiting the resumption of work.