Sentences with after in English. Past Perfect is the past perfect tense in English. the most important thing about english prepositions
Words before/after act as prepositions when placed before a noun that has a tense context.
Tom often watches TV after 11 o'clock. Tom often watches TV after 11 o'clock.
Our team practiced a lot before the game. Our team practiced a lot before the game.
As conjunctions, they form a temporary clause in complex sentences. Please note that we put a comma in cases where the explanatory part is before the main one.
Jonathan forgot his keys before he left. Jonathan forgot his keys before he left.
After I finished my dinner, I went to bed. I went to bed after I had supper.
We can also use conjunctions before/after together with the gerund, replacing the subject and predicate in the subordinate clause.
Jonathan forgot his keys before leaving. Jonathan forgot his keys before leaving.
After finishing my dinner, I went to bed. After dinner I went to bed.
2
Both words define the period during which an event occurs. Wherein during always comes before a noun while before the verb form. Compare:
George told us an amazing story during breakfast ( Not right: while breakfast). George told us an amazing story during breakfast.
George told us an amazing story while we were having breakfast. George told us an amazing story while we were having breakfast.
Try not to confuse prepositions during And for. The first tells us when the event occurs, the second tells us how long it lasts.
I was ill during January (= in January). I got sick in January.
I was ill for a month Not right: during a month). I have been sick for a month.
3
If the context of a complex sentence refers to the future, then its subordinate part goes in the present tense. This rule is true for all temporary unions ( after/before/while/until/when etc.).
I'll phone you after I come ( Not right: after I'll come). I'll call you after I arrive.
Don't forget your keys before you go out. Don't forget your keys before you leave the house.
Oliver is going to visit his friends in Ireland while he is there. Oliver is going to visit his friends in Ireland while he is there.
In English, we approach the study of English conjunctions ( Conjunctions). What do we know about unions? This is a service part of speech that connects homogeneous members of a sentence and the sentences themselves. Based on this, unions are coordinating and subordinating. But today we will study sentences with subordinating conjunctions " until" (up to), " before' (before) and ' after" (after). Subordinating conjunctions in English - subordinating conjunctions Before you start learning new words, I recommend that you review and reinforce one of the recently completed online audio lessons - Learning the imperative mood. Remember the famous saying: Repetition is the mother of learning. It is not for nothing that at school, before studying a new topic, the basic knowledge of students is always activated. This sets the brain in a working mood and activates all your knowledge on the subject. And now we can move on to a new topic.
So. Subordinating conjunctions (subordinate conjunctions) serve to attach a subordinate clause to the main part of a complex sentence. We have already learned the most used subordinating conjunction “what”, as well as “whether”, but they belong to a subspecies of subordinating conjunctions that connect subordinate clauses that explain the predicate, subject or object in the main.
And besides this, there is a subspecies of subordinating conjunctions that connect subordinate clauses and explain the main circumstance. These unions, in turn, are divided into: time, causes, conditions, goals, modes of action, comparisons, consequences and concessions. And today we will consider sentences with the most common subordinating conjunctions of time:
- after(after): I watched TV after I finished my homework - I watched TV after I did my homework
- before(before, before): Shut all the windows before you go - Close all windows before leaving
- till/until(until): I shall wait until he comes home - I will wait until he comes home.
And we'll start by listening to an audio lesson online, in which examples of the use of subordinating conjunctions in English are voiced: /wp-content/uploads/2015/09/RUEN094.mp3 like suggestions. In fact, in English these are unions, it’s just that the translation makes some adjustments. You should focus on English sentences. Russian translation of phrases is given so that you understand what is at stake.
Subordinating conjunctions in English
The table and audio lesson provide examples of using the most common subordinating conjunctions of time. Use the table to find out how the phrases you hear are spelled, as well as to memorize new words.
| Unions | |
| English | Russian |
| Wait until the rain stops | Wait for the rain to pass |
| Wait until I'm finished | Wait while I get ready |
| Wait until he comes back | Wait for him to return |
| I'll wait until my hair is dry | I'm waiting for my hair to dry |
| I'll wait until the film is over | I'm waiting for the movie to end |
| I'll wait until the traffic light is green | I'm waiting for the traffic light to turn green |
| When do you go on holiday? | When are you going on vacation? |
| Before the summer holidays? | Even before the summer holidays? |
| Yes, before the summer holidays begin | Yes, before summer holidays |
| Repair the roof before the winter begins | Fix the roof before the winter comes |
| Wash your hands before you sit at the table | Wash your hands before you sit down at the table |
| Close the window before you go out | Close the window before leaving |
| When will you come home? | When are you going to come back home? |
| after class? | After classes? |
| Yes, after the class is over | Yes, when classes are over |
| After he had an accident, he could not work anymore | After the accident, he could no longer work |
| After he had lost his job, he went to America | After he lost his job he went to America |
| After he went to America, he became rich | After he moved to America he got rich |
Let me remind you that according to the English norms of syntax and punctuation, if the subordinate clause of the circumstance follows the main one, then a comma is not put, and if before the main part, then it is separated by a comma.
Remember everything again 100 audio English lessons for beginners
Have fun and have a good day everyone! Personal, work and creative success!
Adverbs that are included in the circumstance of place, direction and time may coincide in form and meaning with prepositions. We have already considered several such adverbs and prepositions, now another preposition is next in line - “after”.
AFTER
I. AS A PREPOSITION.
1. The preposition “after” with the meaning: for, after, behind, after; in this sense, the preposition “after” is a preposition of place and direction. The antonym of the preposition "after" is the preposition "before". The preposition “after” shows the location behind some object or the movement behind some moving object. If you think about it, the order (movements or locations) is clearly visible here, and the preposition “after” expresses a sequence of actions or positions in space.
For example:
Shut the door after you leave the room. = Close the door behind you when you leave the room.
The dog was running after his master. = The dog ran after the owner.
He entered the room after his father. = He entered the room after his father.
They left the room one after the other. = They left the room one by one.
Your name comes after mine in the list. = Your last name is on the list behind mine.
2. The preposition “after” with the meaning: for, through, after, after; in this sense, the preposition “after” is a preposition of time and indicates a sequence of actions, but in terms of time, or indicates a period of time after which the action will occur. The antonym of the preposition "after" is the preposition "before".
For example:
We are leaving after breakfast. = We will leave after breakfast.
They met after five years. = They met after five years.
He arrived after me. = He came after me.
The children never go out after dark. = Children never go out for a walk after it gets dark.
He is coming after two o'clock. = He will come after two o'clock.
3. The preposition “after” with the meaning: by, with, according to; in this sense, the preposition “after” indicates similarity or imitation in style, fashion, behavior, manner, etc.
For example:
The boy was named after his grandfather. = The boy was named after his grandfather.
Henry takes after his father. = Henry is like his father (in character).
after the latest fashion = according to the latest fashion;
after the same pattern = following the same pattern;
II. AS AN ADVERB.
1. The adverb “after” with the meaning: behind, behind; the adverb “after” in this sense is an adverb of place and direction.
He came up to me and stood after. = He came up to me and stood behind me.
I saw John walking along the road. His dog was running after. = I saw John walking along the road. His dog was running behind.
2. The adverb “after” with the meaning: then, then, subsequently, later; in this sense, the adverb “after” is an adverb of time.
What happened after? = What happened then?
Henry arrived last Wednesday, I came the day after. = Henry arrived last Wednesday, and I arrived a day later.
Although, for now we will formally assume that the tense of the verb, which is called Future Simple Tense, is the main way to express the future tense in English. By the way, in complex sentences of time and conditions in English, which will be discussed in this lesson, Future Simple Tense is used.
What are adverbial clauses of time and conditions?
They can refer to the present and future tenses (real conditions), as well as unreal. In this lesson, we will focus on complex sentences that refer to the future, type
If the weather is good, I will go for a walk.
Such sentences in English are called conditional sentences of the FIRST TYPE (First Conditionals). Another name is When and If Sentences / First Conditional and Time Clauses.
Please note that in the example in Russian in both parts: in the first part (subordinate) and in the second part (main), the future tense is used.
However, the RULE works in English: there is no future after IF / WHEN.
It means that in the subordinate clause instead of Future Simple, you need to use Present Simple.
NOTE. Instead of the union IF, any other can stand union of time or condition.
Now it's time to get acquainted with the unions of time and condition.
2. Unions of time and conditions in English
If you are a beginner, then remember the two main unions if (if) And when (when).
- I will stay if she comes. - I'll stay if she will come.
- I will leave when he comes. - I'll leave, when he will come.
A. Conditional conjunctions in English:
- if - if
- unless - if not
- on condition that - provided that
- I will stay if she comes. - I'll stay if she will come.
- I will stay providing she comes. — I will stay provided that only she will come.
- I won't stay unless she comes. - I won't stay if she not will come.
Note that there is no comma in English conditional sentences.
B. Unions of time in English
- when - when
- as soon as - as soon as
- till (until) - until (until)
- before - before, before
- after - after
- I will leave when he comes. - I'll leave, when he will come.
- I will leave as soon as he comes. - I'll leave, as soon as he will come.
- I won't leave till he comes. - I will not leave, till is he not will come.
- I had left before he came. - I left before he came.
- I left after he had come. - I left after he came.
So, let's summarize this topic and formulate once again the main RULE.
In subordinate clauses relating to the future, after unions when And if and others instead of the future tense (Future Simple), you must use the present (Present Simple). Such sentences in English are called First Conditional and Time Clauses.
Please select the correct option for self-test.
I hope you have carefully read the rule, examples and translation. If your opinion differs from the opinion of the MOST, then return to the beginning of the lesson. And we move on to the exercises.
3. Clauses of time and conditions in English. Exercises on First Conditionals
ATTENTION! These offers are not conditional. The rules don't work!
I'd like to know when Dan will be back. I would like to know when Dan will return.
I don't know if she will come home. I don't know if she will come home.
Exercise (introductory).
1. I wonder if he (laugh) all day.
2. She will buy a new bag when she (arrive) to London.
3. I will stay here till he (come).
4. Tell him about it if he (want).
5. I wonder when somebody (come and tell) her what to do.
6. Do you know if your uncle (come back) from his trip tomorrow?
7. Don't tell her about it before she (ask).
8. I will know all about it when I (get) a letter from her.
9. She will catch bad cold unless she (go and change) her wet shoes.
10. I wonder when you (be ready) and if you (be on time).
11. I am not sure when she (return).
12. Will you wait until he (come)?
13. Please, book a return ticket if you (get) to New York.
14. I shall cut some sandwiches in case they (be) hungry.
Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps with when or if conjunctions.
Do the exercise if you are confusing when and if conjunctions.
1. … I go home tonight, I'll have a bath.
2. … there is a good program on TV, I’ll watch it.
3. … there’s nothing in the fridge, we’ll eat out.
4. We'll go skiing next winter ... we have enough money.
5. …it’s a nice day tomorrow, we’ll go swimming.
6. I'm coming to London tomorrow. I'll phone you … I arrive.
7. We're thinking of going to Spain for our holidays. … we decide to go, I'll let you know.
Exercise 2 . Insert when or if dots instead.
A similar exercise, but in the second part there is sometimes an imperative mood.
1. … you can't do your homework, ask for help.
2. I'll give the money back to you, … I see you next time.
3. I'll come to bed … this program ends.
4. … anyone phones me, tell them I'm out.
5. Come on! … we hurry, we’ll catch the bus!
6. … I play tennis with Justin, he always wins.
7. The shops are full of things to buy… Christmas comes.
8. "I've lost my bag." - "... I find it, I'll let you know."
Exercise 3 . Make a compound sentence out of two simple ones using the conjunctions given in brackets. Apply rule 1.
SAMPLE: I'll wait here. You'll get back. ( until) - I'll wait here until you get back.
1. Give me a ring. You'll hear some news. (when)
2. The TV program will end. I'll do my homework. (after)
3. I'll go to work. I'll have a bath. (before)
4. She'll be in Paris. She'll visit friends. (when)
5. The lesson will end. I'll go home. (as soon as)
6. I won't leave the house. The postman will call. (until)
7. Can you feed the cats? I'll be away (when)
8. I'll tell you about the holiday. I'll get back. (when)
9. I'll study English. I'll speak it perfectly. (until)
Exercise 4 . Your friend is going on vacation. Ask him questions about his trip.
SAMPLE: What/do/miss/plane? — What will you do if you miss the plane?
1. What/do/plane/be delayed?
2. Where/stay/hotels/be full?
3. Who/talk to/not make any friends?
4. What/do/not like the food?
5. Where/go/beaches/be crowded?
6. What/do/get sunburnt?
Exercise 5 . Open the brackets using the correct tense Future Simple And present simple.
SAMPLE. When I (see) Tom tomorrow, I (invite) him to our party. — When I see Tom tomorrow, I will invite him to our party.
1. Before you (leave), don't forget to shut the windows. 2. I (phone) you as soon as I (arrive) in London. 3. Please don't touch anything before the police (come). 4. Everyone (be) very surprised if he (pass) the exams. 5. When you (see) Brian again, you (not/recognize) him. 6. We (not/start) dinner until Jack (arrive). 7. (you/ feel) lonely without me while I (be) away? 8. If I (need) any help, I (ask) you. 9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) annoyed if we (be) late.
Exercise 6 Combine two sentences into one according to the model. Use unions of time or conditions according to the meaning.
SAMPLE. You are going to leave soon. You must visit the doctor before that. — You must visit the doctor before you leave.
1. I'll find somewhere to live. Then I'll give you my address.
2. It's going to start raining. Let's go out before that.
3. I'm going to do the shopping. Then I'll come home straight.
4. You'll be in London next month. You must come and see me then.
5. I'm going to finish reading this book. Then I'll get the dinner ready. (when)
6. We'll make our decision. Then we'll let you know. (as soon as)
Exercise 7. Insert if or when instead of dots.
1. … I see Tom tomorrow, I'll invite him to our party.
2. … it rains this evening, I won't go out.
3. I'll phone you … I get back.
4. I'm feeling very tired. I think I'll go straight to bed … I get home.
5. I'll be very surprised ... he doesn't get the job.
Exercise 8 Make up semantic chains of sentences according to the model using if and will.
SAMPLE. If the earth gets warmer, the sea will get warmer. — If the sea gets warmer, the ice at the North and South Poles will melt. — If the ice …, etc.
1. the earth gets warmer
2. the sea gets warmer
3. the ice at the North and South Poles melts
4. the sea level rises
5. there are floods in many parts of the world
Exercise 9 . Your friend is going abroad. Ask him questions.
SAMPLE: What/do/fall ill? - What will you do if you fall ill?
1. What/do/lose your passport?
2. What/do/not like/the food?
3. Where/go/need to phone your parents?
4. What/do/want/to make friends?
5. What/do/decide to improve your pronunciation?
Exercise 10 . Put the verbs given in brackets into the correct form. The proposals are for the future.
1. If you (eat) another cake, you (be) sick. 2. You (fail) your exam if you (not/study) hard. 3. What do you (do) if you (fail)? 4. Our children and grandchildren (suffer) if we (not/look after) our planet. 5. If you (be) late, I (go) without you. 6. If she (pass) her driving test, she (buy) a car. 7. If my neighbors (not/stop) making a noise, I (complain).
Let us turn again to the inexhaustible translation of the English language. This time we invite you to talk about the prepositions of place and time, which in Russian are expressed by one multifaceted and capacious “do”.
In our publications, we have already raised the topic of the fact that when translating Russian sentences into English, many are faced with the problem of choice. This can be demonstrated in several sentences. In each of them, the preposition “before” is deliberately used:
How can I get to Trafalgar Square?
The biblical flood occurred before the birth of Christ.
The hill is so high. How did you manage to get here so quickly?
You'll live to my age, we'll see.
The list can go on for a very long time. And in each new sentence there will be a new translation of the preposition “to”.
The main representatives of the preposition “until” in the category “time” are the aforementioned till / until, before, up to.
English prepositions till/until
The prepositions till / until can be translated from English as “until”, “until”. These prepositions are interchangeable in English, with 'until' being more formal.
Their value indicates the moment up to which the action is performed:
I will love you until the end of time. - I will love you until the end of my years.
Mother will stay at our place till June. - Mom will stay with us until June.
Also, the English prepositions till / until indicate the moment in the flesh until which the action was NOT performed and will not be performed:
The train tickets are not available until next Saturday. - Train tickets will only go on sale next Saturday.
English preposition before
This preposition is universal in relation to time and space. However, it is not a synonym for till/ untill. The meaning of the preposition before contains the following idea - in the temporal meaning, it indicates the precedence of an event, before an event:
Before breakfast I always go for a jog. - I always go for a run before breakfast.
In English, there is a stable temporary concept “before our era” or in other words “before the birth of Christ”. It can be used alone or in combination with the year designation:
Romans invaded British Isles 445 BC. - The Romans invaded the British Isles in 445 BC.
BC stands for ‘ before Christ’.
English preposition ere
Another temporary preposition in the meaning of “before”, “before” is ere. This word is more often used in poetic literary language and completely replaces the preposition before:
I would die ere I betray you. - I'd rather die, but I won't betray you.
All vespertine creatures dream ere night. - All creatures that cherish the night sleep until the day is gone.
As for prepositions of direction, they are much easier to deal with, because most of them are interchangeable. Since the Russian “do” involves moving from point A to point B, the leader in our selection is the preposition to and various combinations with it:
The last combination in this list can be used in a temporary value if it is used without the element ‘ here', which alludes to the place:
I'll have to study this subject up to June. I will have to study this subject until June.
In this sense, the English preposition up to indicates the time limit up to which this or that action will occur.
We have already talked about prepositions of direction in English in more detail. You can familiarize yourself with the features of their use in the article.
In conclusion, we want to return to the translation of the sentences with which our story began. So, having at hand all the necessary information and options for translating the Russian preposition “to”, we can offer the following solution:
How can I get to Trafalgar Square? - a place
Genesis flood took place BC. - time
The hill is so high. How could you manage to get up to here so fast? - a place
Live to my great age and we'll see. - time
We wish you an interesting language practice and see you soon!
Victoria Tetkina