Presentation on the topic of international organizations. International organizations - presentation Presentations on the topic of international organizations
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International organizations
Geography lesson 10 (profile) class MOU secondary school No. 4 of the village N. Aleksandrovka Teacher: Shapovalova M.V.
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The United Nations Organization was established on October 24, 1945 by 51 countries in order to preserve peace, develop international cooperation, and ensure collective security. In 2007, the UN included 192 independent states
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Main goals of the UN
When joining the UN, a state assumes the obligations set forth in the Charter, which reflects the principles of international relations and the main goals of the UN:
maintain international peace and security; develop friendly relations between nations; to carry out international cooperation in solving international problems; to encourage respect for human rights and to be a center for the concerted action of nations in the pursuit of these common goals.
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UN Headquarters in New York (USA)
The United Nations is not a world government and does not adopt laws, but it has powerful levers for resolving political conflicts: troops, financial resources generated from contributions from participating countries. According to the UN Charter, member countries that are in arrears in the payment of monetary contributions are deprived of the right to vote in the General Assembly.
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Principal organs of the UN
General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice.
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General Assembly
All members of the UN are represented in it, each state has one vote. Decisions on important matters, such as the maintenance of international peace and security, the admission of new members, or the approval of the UN budget, including budgets for peacekeeping operations, are taken by a majority of ⅔ votes. Decisions on other issues are taken by a simple majority of votes. The Assembly's recommendations are a reflection of world public opinion.
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Security Council
is responsible for maintaining international peace and security and can be convened at any time when a threat to peace arises. The Council consists of 15 members. Five of them - China, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States and France - are permanent members. The remaining 10 members of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for two years according to regional quotas - five seats for Asia and Africa, one for Eastern Europe, two for Latin America, two for Western Europe. Decisions of the Council are considered adopted when the votes of nine of its members are cast in favor of them. However, a decision cannot be taken even if one of the permanent members votes against, i.e., uses his veto. Council decisions are binding on all Member States.
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Economic and Social Council
coordinates the activities of the UN and its agencies in the economic and social fields, in the field of international cooperation. Five regional commissions promote economic development and strengthening of economic relations in their regions.
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Guardian Council
was established to provide international oversight of 11 Trust Territories administered by seven Member States. By 1995, all of the Trust Territories had become self-governing or independent, either as independent states or by joining neighboring independent states. The work of the Council has now been largely completed, and it is planned to transform the Trusteeship Council into a forum for the protection of the planet's environment.
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International Court.
The Court is the main judicial body of the UN and deals with the settlement of disputes between states. The Secretariat carries out the operational and administrative work of the UN in accordance with the instructions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other bodies. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who recruits the staff necessary for the operation of the Organization and provides general administrative direction. In 2007, the Secretariat consisted of nine departments and a number of offices, employing 8,700 people from almost 160 countries
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UN structure. Where are the main agencies of the UN system located?
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Other international organizations
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO
It was created in 1949 as a counter to the threat of communism. By 2008, 26 states became NATO members: In 1999, three new members joined NATO - Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In 2004, there were seven Eastern European countries in NATO: Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The headquarters of the governing bodies is located in Brussels (Belgium).
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Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA
organization of economic cooperation of socialist countries, which existed in 1949-1991. Member countries: Albania (did not participate in the work of the organization since 1961, after breaking off relations with the USSR), Bulgaria, Vietnam, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had the status of an associate member; the status of observers had the so-called countries of socialist orientation - Afghanistan, Angola, Ethiopia, Laos, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Yemen.
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ANZUS (Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty - ANZUS)
military-political bloc of the USA, Australia and New Zealand (named after the first letters of the names of the participating countries: Australia, New Zealand, United States). The “Security Treaty”, which laid the foundation for the activities of ANZUS, was signed in 1951 for an indefinite period (in force since 1952). Since 1986, the activity of the union has been reduced to the annual meetings of Australia and the USA).
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Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - OSCE
The predecessor of the OSCE was the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Final Act of which - a long-term program for the development of the process of detente, cooperation in Europe - was signed in 1975 in Helsinki (Finland) by the heads of state and government of 33 countries of Western Europe, as well as the United States and Canada . A new period in the activities of the OSCE began with the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, signed in 1990, and the decisions of the Budapest meeting in 1994. OSCE participants in 2008 - 56 states of Europe, Asia and America
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Islamic Conference - OIC
was established in 1969 at the Conference of Heads of State and Government of Muslim Countries in Rabat (Morocco) with the aim of ensuring Islamic solidarity in the economic, social and political sphere, eliminating racism and colonialism, helping Muslim peoples in the struggle for independence and supporting the Palestine Liberation Organization. The OIC has 57 members: The headquarters of the General Secretariat is located in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia).
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League of Arab States - Arab League
It was formed in 1945 by seven Arab states of Asia and Africa - Egypt, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Transjordan. By 2008, the LAS had 22 members. The headquarters is located in Cairo.
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - OPEC
established in 1960 to coordinate oil production policy. Member countries (13) - Algeria, Angola, Venezuela, Iraq, Iran, Indonesia, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador.
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Union of Independent States - CIS
It was formed in 1991 to coordinate cooperation and provide a mechanism for the civilized collapse of the USSR. The CIS includes 12 member countries, former republics of the USSR, located in Europe and Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine. The headquarters is located in Minsk (Belarus).
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International organizations are associations of an interstate or non-state character, created on the basis of agreements to achieve certain goals.
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NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military-political alliance that emerged in 1949. Members: USA, UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Luxembourg, Norway, Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Portugal, Turkey. 29 countries. The goal of NATO is to ensure the security of peace-loving states and the maintenance of world peace. Obviously, with the collapse of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, NATO members should strive to create a system of collective security in Europe. The headquarters is located in Brussels.
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association of 27 European states that signed the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty). The EU is a unique international entity: it combines the characteristics of an international organization and a state. The main innovation is that the members of the Union gave up a certain part of national sovereignty in order to create a political association with a single structure.
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The EU is an economic union of 27 European countries. Purpose - The European Union was formed with the aim of creating a common market for goods, capital and labor by abolishing customs duties in trade between community members, pursuing a coordinated trade policy with respect to third world countries, joint activities in the field of agriculture, energy, transport and coordinating a common economic and social policy. The headquarters of the European Union is located in Brussels.
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MERCOSUR is a trade union of South American countries, which unites 250 million people and more than 75% of the total GDP of the continent. In terms of size and economic potential, MERCOSUR is the second customs union after the EU and the third free trade area after the EU and NAFTA. Purpose: promotion of free trade; optimization of logistics and delivery of goods within the continent; the unification of the population and the development of the economy; efficient use of investments; increasing the international competitiveness of the region's economies. Members: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela.
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BRICS (BRICS) - a group of five rapidly developing countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. Before joining South Africa, the organization was called BRIC. The goal is to solve the issues of overcoming the global financial and economic crisis, raising the living standards of the population and the transition to high-tech production.
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NAFTA - economic zone Purpose: removal of barriers and stimulation of the movement of goods and services between the countries-participants of the agreement; creation and maintenance of conditions for fair competition in the free trade zone; attraction of investments to the countries-members of the agreement; ensuring proper and effective protection and protection of intellectual property rights. Members: Canada, USA, Mexico
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The OSCE is the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. The world's largest regional security organization. It unites 57 countries located in North America, Europe and Central Asia. Purpose: prevention of conflicts in the region, settlement of crisis situations, elimination of the consequences of conflicts.
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The CIS is an international organization designed to regulate relations of cooperation between states that were previously part of the USSR (not all). The CIS is not a supranational entity and operates on a voluntary basis.
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The SCO is a regional international organization founded in 2001. Members: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Goal: joint counteraction to terrorism, separatism and extremism in all their manifestations, fight against drug and weapons trafficking, other types of transnational criminal activity, as well as illegal migration. Interaction in the prevention of international conflicts and their peaceful settlement; joint search for solutions to problems that will arise in the twenty-first century.
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Purpose: an international organization established in 1995 with the aim of liberalizing international trade and regulating trade and political relations of member states. Members: As of January 1, 2006, 150 countries became members of the WTO. 30 states, including Russia, have observer status and are in the process of joining the WTO. Headquarters - located in Geneva, Switzerland.
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It was founded on September 25, 1969 at the Conference of Muslim Heads of State in Rabat. The goal is to ensure Islamic solidarity in the social, economic and political spheres, fight against colonialism, neo-colonialism and racism and support the Palestine Liberation Organization. Headquarters - located in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia).
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional organization that includes the following states: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei. Goal: Accelerate economic growth, social progress, cultural development of the member countries and the establishment of peace and stability in the southeast region of Asia. All these countries in the recent past were backward states, but now they are experiencing a period of rapid growth. Partners: USA and Japan. Headquarters are located in Bangkok (Thailand) and Jakarta (Indonesia).
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The G7 are the seven leading market economies in the world. Members: USA, Japan, Germany, France, UK, Italy and Canada. Purpose: consideration of relatively narrow issues (exchange rates, export and import controls); analysis of the world economy, search for ways to influence the pace and proportions of its development. The G7 holds annual high-level economic meetings with the participation of representatives of the countries of the European Union.
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OAS - This is the largest grouping of states in the Western Hemisphere. It includes about 30 states of North and South America. The goal is to strengthen peace and security in the region, prevent disagreements and peacefully resolve disputes, joint actions in the event of aggression, assist in solving the political, economic and legal problems of American countries, and join forces for scientific, technological and cultural progress. Headquarters - located in Washington.
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OAU - This is the largest and most influential grouping of independent countries in Africa. By its nature, it is an interstate political organization. It unites over 50 states of the continent. The goal is to develop comprehensive political and economic cooperation between African countries, strengthen their solidarity and unity in the international arena, eliminate all types of colonialism, protect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries. The headquarters is located in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia).
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1945 - the date of the creation of the UN The goal is to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, as well as the development of cooperation between states. The fight against colonialism and gross and mass violations of human rights are also important areas of UN activity.
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Members: all peace-loving states that recognize its Charter and are ready to implement it. (193) Organs: General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice and Secretariat. The headquarters is located in New York. There are many specialized agencies within the UN, such as: IAEA, FAO, UNESCO, WHO, IMF, WMO, OPEC, OECD. UN Secretary General - António Guterres (Portugal) since January 1, 2017
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The IAEA - its main goal is to achieve a wider use of atomic energy by the countries of the world and to ensure that its use cannot be switched to military purposes. The Agency advises and assists in the implementation of national nuclear energy programs. The agency is headquartered in Vienna.
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FAO - food and agriculture organization Goal - combat hunger in the world, promote better nutrition and improve the standard of living of people; increasing the productivity of agriculture, fish farming and forestry; improvement of the distribution system for food and agricultural products. The headquarters of the organization is located in Rome.
International organizations Geography lesson 10 (profile) class MOU secondary school No. 4 of the village N. Aleksandrovka Teacher: Shapovalova M.V.
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UN The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945 by 51 countries in order to preserve peace, develop international cooperation, and ensure collective security. In 2007, the UN included 192 independent states
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The main goals of the UN When joining the UN, the state assumes the obligations set forth in the Charter, which reflects the principles of international relations and the main goals of the UN: to maintain international peace and security; develop friendly relations between nations; to carry out international cooperation in solving international problems; promote respect for human rights and
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The United Nations is not a world government and does not adopt laws, but it has powerful levers for resolving political conflicts: troops, financial resources generated from contributions from participating countries. According to the UN Charter, member countries that are in arrears in the payment of monetary contributions are deprived of the right to vote in the General Assembly. UN Headquarters in New York (USA)
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The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice.
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General Assembly All members of the UN are represented in it, each state has one vote. Decisions on important matters, such as the maintenance of international peace and security, the admission of new members, or the approval of the UN budget, including budgets for peacekeeping operations, are taken by a majority of ⅔ votes. Decisions on other issues are taken by a simple majority of votes. The Assembly's recommendations are a reflection of world public opinion.
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The Security Council is responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and may be convened at any time when there is a threat to the peace. The Council consists of 15 members. Five of them - China, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States and France - are permanent members. The remaining 10 members of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for two years according to regional quotas - five seats for Asia and Africa, one for Eastern Europe, two for Latin America, two for Western Europe. Decisions of the Council are considered adopted when the votes of nine of its members are cast in favor of them. However, a decision cannot be taken even if one of the permanent members votes against, i.e., uses his veto. Council decisions are binding on all Member States.
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The Economic and Social Council coordinates the activities of the UN and its agencies in the economic and social fields, in the field of international cooperation. Five regional commissions promote economic development and strengthening of economic relations in their regions.
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The Trusteeship Council was established to provide international oversight of 11 Trust Territories administered by seven Member States. By 1995, all of the Trust Territories had become self-governing or independent, either as independent states or by joining neighboring independent states. The work of the Council has now been largely completed, and it is planned to transform the Trusteeship Council into a forum for the protection of the planet's environment.
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International Court. The Court is the main judicial body of the UN and deals with the settlement of disputes between states. The Secretariat carries out the operational and administrative work of the UN in accordance with the instructions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other bodies. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who recruits the staff necessary for the operation of the Organization and provides general administrative direction. In 2007, the Secretariat consisted of nine departments and a number of offices, employing 8,700 people from almost 160 countries
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UN structure. Where are the main agencies of the UN system located?
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OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO Was created in 1949 to counter the threat of communism By 2008, 26 states became NATO members: In 1999, three new members joined NATO - Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In 2004, there were seven Eastern European countries in NATO: Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The headquarters of the governing bodies is located in Brussels (Belgium).
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Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA is an organization for economic cooperation of socialist countries that existed in 1949-1991. Member countries: Albania (did not participate in the work of the organization since 1961, after breaking off relations with the USSR), Bulgaria, Vietnam, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had the status of an associate member; the status of observers had the so-called countries of socialist orientation - Afghanistan, Angola, Ethiopia, Laos, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Yemen.
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ANZUS (Australia-New ZealandUnited States Security Treaty - ANZUS) is a military-political bloc of the United States, Australia and New Zealand (named after the first letters of the names of the participating countries: Australia, New Zealand, United States). The “Security Treaty”, which laid the foundation for the activities of ANZUS, was signed in 1951 for an indefinite period (in force since 1952). Since 1986, the activity of the union has been reduced to the annual meetings of Australia and the USA).
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Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - OSCE The predecessor of the OSCE was the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Final Act of which - a long-term program for the development of the process of detente, cooperation in Europe - was signed in 1975 in Helsinki (Finland) by the heads of state and government 33 Western European countries, as well as the USA and Canada. A new period in the activities of the OSCE began with the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, signed in 1990, and the decisions of the Budapest meeting in 1994. OSCE participants in 2008 - 56 states of Europe, Asia and America
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NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA, English North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA; French Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALENA; Spanish Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN) is a free trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico, based on the model of the European Community (European Union). The NAFTA Agreement entered into force on January 1, 1994.
Objectives of NAFTA: 1) Eliminate customs and passport barriers and stimulate the movement of goods and services between member countries. 2) Creation and maintenance of conditions for fair competition in the free trade area 3) Attracting investment to the countries - members of the agreement 4) Ensuring the protection and protection of intellectual property rights 5) Creation of a single continental market NAFTA
LAAI (LAI) The Latin American Integration Association (LAI) is an economic cooperation association of 12 states of Latin America. The purpose of the organization is to develop regional economic cooperation and trade; creation of a common market. The legal basis of the LAI is the Treaty of Montevideo (1980). The association is headquartered in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Member countries: Member countries are divided into three groups: more developed (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico), intermediate (Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Chile), less developed (Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecuador), and Cuba. LAAI
ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a political, economic and cultural regional intergovernmental organization of countries located in Southeast Asia. ASEAN was formed on August 9, 1967 in Bangkok with the signing of the "ASEAN Declaration", better known as the "Bangkok Declaration". The formalization of ASEAN took place only in 1976 in the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and the ASEAN Declaration of Consent signed on the island of Bali. The supreme body of ASEAN is the summit of leaders (heads of state and government) of the member countries, which, since 2001, has been held annually.
ASEAN Aims of ASEAN: In accordance with the Bangkok Declaration, the objectives of the organization are: “(I) to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through the common aspiration … to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian countries, and ( II) establishing peace and stability in the region… through… commitment to the principles of the UN Charter.”
ASEAN Brunei, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines (10 countries) Secretariat location: Jakarta
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is an international (regional) economic organization. APEC is the largest economic association (forum), which accounts for over 57% of world GDP and 48% of world trade (2007). APEC
21: Australia, Brunei, Vietnam, Hong Kong (PRC), Indonesia, Canada, China, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, South Korea, Russia, Singapore, USA, Thailand, about. Taiwan, Philippines, Chile, Japan APEC
Goals and objectives of APEC: The main goals of the organization are to ensure a free open trade regime and strengthen regional cooperation. In 1994, the creation by 2020 in the Asia-Pacific region of a system of free and open trade and a liberal investment regime was announced as a strategic goal. The most developed countries should liberalize by 2010. Each country independently determines its status and the timing of the introduction of new regimes based on individual action plans. APEC
SCO The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a regional international organization founded in 2001 by the leaders of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. With the exception of Uzbekistan, the rest of the countries were members of the "Shanghai Five", founded as a result of the signing in 1996-1997. between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia and Tajikistan agreements on strengthening confidence in the military field and on the mutual reduction of armed forces in the border area. After the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the participants renamed the organization.
The total territory of the countries belonging to the SCO is 30 million km², that is, 60% of the territory of Eurasia. Its total demographic potential is a fourth of the world's population, and its economic potential includes the most powerful Chinese economy after the United States. One of the features of the SCO is that in terms of status it is neither a military bloc, like NATO, nor an open regular security conference, like the ASEAN ARF, occupying an intermediate position. The main tasks of the organization are to strengthen stability and security in a wide area that unites the participating states, the fight against terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking, the development of economic cooperation, energy partnership, scientific and cultural interaction. SCO
SCO 6+4: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan + India, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan. Headquarters: Beijing
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is an interstate association (an agreement on cooperation between independent countries) of most of the former Soviet republics of the USSR. CIS
The CIS is based on the principles of sovereign equality of all its members, therefore all member states are independent subjects of international law. The Commonwealth is not a state and does not have supranational powers. The main goals of the organization are: * cooperation in the political, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields * cooperation in ensuring peace and security * mutual legal assistance * peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts between the states of the CIS organization
members of the CIS an associated member of the CIS a state that left the CIS an actual member of the CIS a state participating in some structures of the CIS as an observer of the CIS
The main military-political alliances of the modern system of international relations
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International organizations Geography lesson 10 (profile) class MOU secondary school No. 4 of the village N. Aleksandrovka Teacher: Shapovalova M.V.slide 2
UN The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945 by 51 countries in order to preserve peace, develop international cooperation, and ensure collective security. In 2007, the UN included 192 independent states
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The main goals of the UN When joining the UN, the state assumes the obligations set forth in the Charter, which reflects the principles of international relations and the main goals of the UN: to maintain international peace and security; develop friendly relations between nations; to carry out international cooperation in solving international problems; to encourage respect for human rights and to be a center for the concerted action of nations in the pursuit of these common goals.
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UN headquarters in New York (USA) The United Nations is not a world government and does not adopt laws, but it has powerful levers for resolving political conflicts: troops, financial resources generated from contributions from participating countries. According to the UN Charter, member countries that are in arrears in the payment of monetary contributions are deprived of the right to vote in the General Assembly.
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The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice.
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General Assembly All members of the UN are represented in it, each state has one vote. Decisions on important matters, such as the maintenance of international peace and security, the admission of new members, or the approval of the UN budget, including budgets for peacekeeping operations, are taken by a majority of ⅔ votes. Decisions on other issues are taken by a simple majority of votes. The Assembly's recommendations are a reflection of world public opinion.
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The Security Council is responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security and may be convened at any time when there is a threat to the peace. The Council consists of 15 members. Five of them - China, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, the United States and France - are permanent members. The remaining 10 members of the Council are elected by the General Assembly for two years according to regional quotas - five seats for Asia and Africa, one for Eastern Europe, two for Latin America, two for Western Europe. Decisions of the Council are considered adopted when the votes of nine of its members are cast in favor of them. However, a decision cannot be taken even if one of the permanent members votes against, i.e., uses his veto. Council decisions are binding on all Member States.
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The Economic and Social Council coordinates the activities of the UN and its agencies in the economic and social fields, in the field of international cooperation. Five regional commissions promote economic development and strengthening of economic relations in their regions.
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The Trusteeship Council was established to provide international oversight of 11 Trust Territories administered by seven Member States. By 1995, all of the Trust Territories had become self-governing or independent, either as independent states or by joining neighboring independent states. The work of the Council has now been largely completed, and it is planned to transform the Trusteeship Council into a forum for the protection of the planet's environment.
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International Court. The Court is the main judicial body of the UN and deals with the settlement of disputes between states. The Secretariat carries out the operational and administrative work of the UN in accordance with the instructions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other bodies. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who recruits the staff necessary for the operation of the Organization and provides general administrative direction. In 2007, the Secretariat consisted of nine departments and a number of offices, employing 8,700 people from almost 160 countries
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO Was created in 1949 to counter the threat of communism By 2008, 26 states became NATO members: In 1999, three new members joined NATO - Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. In 2004, there were seven Eastern European countries in NATO: Slovenia, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The headquarters of the governing bodies is located in Brussels (Belgium).
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Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - CMEA is an organization for economic cooperation of socialist countries that existed in 1949-1991. Member countries: Albania (did not participate in the work of the organization since 1961, after breaking off relations with the USSR), Bulgaria, Vietnam, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had the status of an associate member; the status of observers had the so-called countries of socialist orientation - Afghanistan, Angola, Ethiopia, Laos, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Yemen.
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ANZUS (Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty - ANZUS) is a military-political bloc of the United States, Australia and New Zealand (named after the first letters of the names of the participating countries: Australia, New Zealand, United States). The “Security Treaty”, which laid the foundation for the activities of ANZUS, was signed in 1951 for an indefinite period (in force since 1952). Since 1986, the activity of the union has been reduced to the annual meetings of Australia and the USA).
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Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - OSCE The predecessor of the OSCE was the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Final Act of which - a long-term program for the development of the process of detente, cooperation in Europe - was signed in 1975 in Helsinki (Finland) by the heads of state and government 33 Western European countries, as well as the USA and Canada. A new period in the activities of the OSCE began with the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, signed in 1990, and the decisions of the Budapest meeting in 1994. OSCE participants in 2008 - 56 states of Europe, Asia and America