Natural Park “Valley of the Setun River. Setun River Valley: description and features Natural reserve Setun River Valley entrance livejournal

Muscovites have a unique opportunity to relax in a natural reserve right within the city. It is called “Valley of the Setun River”. The reserve is located in the Western Administrative District of the Russian capital.

What is a reserve?

The fact that there are different types of protected areas is known to everyone. But not everyone understands the difference between, in fact, a nature reserve and a nature reserve. To understand this issue, you need to understand what these concepts mean.

Nature reserves are limited areas of territory in which any economic activity. The entire natural complex must be preserved in its natural state; tourists are allowed in limited numbers with passes. Nature reserves are also protected areas, but the purpose of protection is not the complete natural complex, but its unique parts. It can only be plants or even them individual species, or some species of animals. There are also reserves in which historical and cultural monuments and geological objects are protected.

The purpose of creating a reserve in the city

In the area of ​​the Setun River Valley, historical and cultural monuments, valuable objects, natural habitats some representatives of the flora and fauna, which in urban conditions may completely disappear.

The reserve allows for research and maintenance of recreational potential; it makes it possible to restore disturbed landscapes and restore biogeocenosis in certain territory. The reserve plays a significant role in environmental education population.

Geographic reference

The resolution on the creation of the Setun River Valley natural reserve was adopted in 1998. The total area of ​​the protected site is more than 693 hectares. 17 km of the river were under protection, and its total length exceeds 38 km. The reserve was officially opened to visitors in 2003. The source of the river should be sought in the Moscow region, near the village of Rumyantsevo. Approximately 6 km of the riverbed passes through Solntsevo. Setun flows into the Moscow River behind the Berezhkovsky Bridge.

The territory of the Setun River Valley reserve covers floodplain meadows, several swamps, numerous ponds and springs. There are also areas of willow forests along the coast and large forests - Volynsky, Matveevsky and Troekurovsky. There are usually no difficulties with the road to the reserve. Buses depart from several metro stations (Pionerskaya, Slavyansky Boulevard, Kuntsevskaya, Molodezhnaya, Yugo-Zapadnaya and Universitet). There are 6 routes to the Setun River Valley.

Flora and fauna of the reserve

Despite the fact that the reserve is located within the city, its flora is quite diverse. Scientists have recorded more than 380 plant species in the Setun River Valley. Almost 50 species are rare for the region. The forests mainly consist of birch, oak, alder and linden. Plants listed in the Red Book are burrs, lilies of the valley, primroses, bells, orchids and others.

The fauna is represented by weasel, black polecat, ermine, water shrew, muskrat and so on. More than 40 species of vertebrates are endangered in Moscow. Amphibians in the reserve are represented by five species, mammals are almost 20 species, birds - about 70. The Setun River Valley is home to a number of invertebrates that are listed in the Red Book of Moscow.

Historical and cultural objects

Guests of the reserve can visit several ancient manor parks (Troekurovo, Spasskoye, Troitse-Golenishchevo). There are also several architectural monuments here:

• Churches of the 17th century dedicated to the Savior Not Made by Hands and the Life-Giving Trinity.
• Churches of the 17th-18th centuries dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and the Intercession Holy Mother of God.
• A country estate that belonged to Prince Troekurov.

In addition, along the banks of the river there are elements of settlements and burial places of Slavic tribes. Some of them date back to the pre-Mongol period. Archeology lovers can visit the Matveevskoye settlement, the Setunskoye settlement and the Davydkovsky burial ground.

Types of excursions and entertainment

Educational activities play an important role for the reserve. Of course, many come simply to relax from the bustle of the city, while others arrange romantic dates in nature. But organized tourists prefer ecological excursions. Experienced guides help you find corners of nature that have been preserved in their original form, talk about plants and animals, explain local traditions and legends, and pay great attention to the cultural heritage of the reserve.

What else can the Setun River Valley reserve boast of? Photos taken in this place amaze with its beauty and greenery. It is clean and calm here, despite the fact that there are quite a lot of vacationers. Those who want solitude can simply wander along the banks, and groups of people settle down at equipped picnic points (there are 4 of them on the territory). The reserve has a golf club and several stunt schools, and there are sports grounds with equipment rentals.

Nature reserve“Valley of the Setun River” (696.05 hectares) is the largest “Green Island” located within the city. Compared to many other natural and natural-historical parks and reserves in Moscow, which have a compact territory, the natural reserve “Valley of the Setun River” is stretched along the river bed and is “sandwiched” on both sides by residential and industrial buildings.
Setun is the largest right tributary of the Moscow River within the city. The length of the river is 38 kilometers, and more than half of it is in Moscow. There are many springs in the Setun valley. Floodplain meadows and swamps of the reserve are adjacent to small forest areas
Surprisingly diverse plant and animal world a natural reserve located almost in the very heart of the metropolis. Birch, oak, linden and even pine forest areas growing on steep and gentle slopes of the river valley are replaced by riverine complexes consisting of willow and gray alder forests; coastal meadows and shrubs surrounding spring water outlets alternate with low-lying swamps. Modern flora The reserve has 384 species of vascular plants, 47 of which are rare for Moscow. IN forested areas x and in the meadows you can see May lily of the valley, small bramble, spring primrose, bells, orchids and other plants listed in the city’s Red Book in bloom. Weasel, black polecat and ermine are found in the Setun floodplain. In the reservoirs you can see water shrew and muskrat. 41 species of vertebrates living in the reserve are rare for Moscow. In total, 5 species of amphibians, 69 species of birds and 18 species of mammals have been recorded in the river valley. 62 species of birds nest on the territory of the reserve.
Among the splendor of flora and fauna on the territory of the reserve there are valuable objects of history and culture: archaeological sites, remains of ancient settlements and burials. This is the Matveevskoye settlement, which existed in the pre-Mongol period, with a preserved burial mound cemetery. And also the Davydkovsky burial ground, discovered during the development of a quarry on the left bank of the Setun.
Within the boundaries of the natural reserve there are three ancient manor parks: the Troekurovo estate, Spasskoye on Setun, Trinity-Golenichevo. Architectural monuments include the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands on Setun (1676), the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with elements of a park (XVII-XVIII centuries), the church Life-Giving Trinity in Trinity-Golenishchevo (1644-1645), the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (XVII century), the country estate of Prince Troekurov (XVIII-XIX centuries).
Picnic points and recreation areas in the Setun River Valley Nature Reserve:
- picnic area and sports ground (Kremenchukgska str., 36)
- picnic area “Matveevsky Forest” (Starovolynskaya St., 10)
- picnic area and playground (intersection of Dorgobuzhskaya and Ryabinovaya streets);
- children's playground (Pyryeva St., 16)
Sports objects:
golf club, stuntmen's association "Setunsky Stan" and children's and youth stuntmen's school "Master", open sports grounds.
You can get there:
– from Universitet metro station buses No. 103, 130, 187, 260;
– from Yugo-Zapadnaya metro station bus No. 630;
– from Kuntsevskaya metro station by bus No. 11.

The origin of the name "Setun" is not clear. In legends it is associated with the word “to lament”: there were supposedly burial places near the mouth of the river, and relatives of the dead came here to lament. This version cannot be taken seriously. Most often, the hydronym is considered as Baltic, derived from the geographical term “sietuva” - “deep or wide place of the river; middle of the river.” But Setun is not one of the largest rivers near Moscow, for which the Baltic etymology has been proven. In addition, the connection between the mentioned term and natural features rivers. With some stretch, we can assume that what is meant is not the river itself, but its place on the Teplostan Upland, i.e. "sietuva" is the deepest and widest river valley cutting through the hills ("middle river"). Or maybe it means the middle of some navigable section of the Moscow River, half of the waterway, marked on the ground by the mouth of Setun. One way or another, one must also take into account the Slavic hypothesis, in which the hydronym “Setun” is associated with the northern geographical term “sedun” "."Sedun" is a "quagmire, swampy place." In this case, “sedun” means a river valley - a low (“sagging”) place separating the Tatarovskaya Upland from the rest of the Teplostan Upland.

Do you know that...

Within the boundaries of the natural reserve there are three ancient manor parks: the Troekurovo estate, Spasskoye on Setun, Trinity-Golenichevo. Architectural monuments include the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands on Setun (1676), the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with elements of a park (XVII-XVIII centuries), the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Trinity-Golenishchevo (1644-1645), the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (XVII century .), country estate of Prince Troekurov (XVIII-XIX centuries).

The natural reserve “Valley of the Setun River” (696.05 hectares) is the largest “Green Island” located within the city. Compared to many other natural and natural-historical parks and reserves in Moscow, which have a compact territory, the natural reserve “Valley of the Setun River” is stretched along the river bed and is “sandwiched” on both sides by residential and industrial buildings.
Setun is the largest right tributary of the Moscow River within the city. The length of the river is 38 kilometers, and more than half of it is in Moscow. There are many springs in the Setun valley. Floodplain meadows and swamps of the reserve are adjacent to small forest areas
The flora and fauna of the natural reserve, located almost in the very heart of the metropolis, are surprisingly diverse. Birch, oak, linden and even pine forest areas growing on steep and gentle slopes of the river valley are replaced by riverine complexes consisting of willow and gray alder forests; coastal meadows and shrubs surrounding spring water outlets alternate with low-lying swamps. The modern flora of the reserve includes 384 species of vascular plants, 47 of which are rare for Moscow. In the forests and meadows you can see the May lily of the valley, small bramble, spring primrose, bells, orchids and other plants listed in the city’s Red Book blooming. Weasel, black polecat and ermine are found in the Setun floodplain. In the reservoirs you can see water shrew and muskrat. 41 species of vertebrates living in the reserve are rare for Moscow. In total, 5 species of amphibians, 69 species of birds and 18 species of mammals have been recorded in the river valley. 62 species of birds nest on the territory of the reserve.
Among the splendor of flora and fauna on the territory of the reserve there are valuable objects of history and culture: archaeological sites, remains of ancient settlements and burials. This is the Matveevskoye settlement, which existed in the pre-Mongol period, with a preserved burial mound cemetery. And also the Davydkovsky burial ground, discovered during the development of a quarry on the left bank of the Setun.
Within the boundaries of the natural reserve there are three ancient manor parks: the Troekurovo estate, Spasskoye on Setun, Trinity-Golenichevo. Architectural monuments include the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands on Setun (1676), the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with elements of a park (XVII-XVIII centuries), the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Trinity-Golenishchevo (1644-1645), the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary (XVII century .), country estate of Prince Troekurov (XVIII-XIX centuries).
Picnic points and recreation areas in the Setun River Valley Nature Reserve:
- picnic area and sports ground (Kremenchukgska str., 36)
- picnic area “Matveevsky Forest” (Starovolynskaya St., 10)
- picnic area and playground (intersection of Dorgobuzhskaya and Ryabinovaya streets);
- children's playground (Pyryeva St., 16)
Sports objects:
golf club, stuntmen's association "Setunsky Stan" and children's and youth stuntmen's school "Master", open sports grounds.
You can get there:
– from Universitet metro station buses No. 103, 130, 187, 260;
– from Yugo-Zapadnaya metro station bus No. 630;
– from Kuntsevskaya metro station by bus No. 11.

Characteristic

The reserve is surrounded on all sides by residential and industrial infrastructure. There are four residential districts located within the valley: Mozhaisky, Ramenki, Fili-Davydkovo and Ochakovo-Matveevskoe.

The Setun River is the largest right tributary of the Moscow River and belongs to the small rivers of Moscow. Its total length is 38 km, 17 of which are within the reserve. The river originates near the village of Rumyantsevo and flows through natural banks. Within the capital's borders, the Setun basin is 80% built up. The river passes through Solntsevo, crosses the Moscow Ring Road at Skolkovskoe Highway and, in the area of ​​the Berezhkovsky Bridge, flows into the Moscow River. Since May 2007, a spring in the Setun Valley, located at the base of its right-bank slope, upstream from the Aminevsky Bridge, has the status of a specially protected area of ​​regional importance.

The reserve includes two large forests - Matveevsky (Volynsky) and Troekurovsky forests. The area of ​​the Matveevsky forest is about 100 hectares, the Setun River crosses it from west to east. Access to most of the forest territory is limited due to specially protected objects: Clinical Hospital No. 1, kindergarten primary school No. 1699 and the hotel complex - objects of the Presidential Administration, Maternity Hospital No. 3, Stalin's nearby dacha, the House of Cinema Veterans of the Union of Cinematographers of Russia in the area of ​​​​Nezhinskaya Street. In the western part of the reserve there is the Troekurovsky forest with an area of ​​about 20 hectares, bounded by the Troekurovsky cemetery, Ryabinovaya Street and the Moscow Ring Road. The right tributary of the Setun River flows through this forest along the territory of the valley - the so-called Troekurovsky Stream.

Story

On October 17, 1991, the Setun River valley with an area of ​​18.3 hectares in the Matveevsky Forest was declared a natural monument of regional significance. This status makes it possible to protect its natural flora and fauna and protect them from negative anthropogenic influence. Organization program natural park on the territory of the future reserve has been developed since the mid-1990s. This required efforts to rehabilitate and cleanse the river bed and water surfaces. At the same time, the issue of giving the territory the status of a specially protected area was decided. natural area regional significance. The valley is distinguished by a high diversity of species, the presence of plants and animals rare for Moscow that are vulnerable in the urban environment, and is also a recreation area for city residents. To preserve historical, cultural and natural complexes and the recreational potential of the territory, to restore the habitats of species on the verge of extinction and disturbed landscapes, on July 21, 1998, the natural reserve “Valley of the Setun River” was formed.

The Setun River Valley reserve is a popular vacation spot for residents of nearby areas. The reserve is equipped with bicycle paths, picnic areas, gazebos for rest, and toilets. On the territory of the reserve there are children's playgrounds, outdoor sports grounds, and a golf club. Walking dogs, littering the territory, making fires in unauthorized places, and collecting plants is prohibited in the reserve.

Attractions

Architectural monuments and manor parks within the reserve:

• Country estate Troekurovo - the name comes from the boyar family of the Troyekurovs, who owned the estate in the 17th-18th centuries.
• The estate of Spasskoye-on-Setuni in the village of Spasskoye-Manukhino - known since the 17th century, belonged to the boyar Artamon Sergeevich Matveev, on whose order the Church of the Savior of the Image Not Made by Hands was erected on Setuni; by 2018, only the old park with ponds had been preserved.
• The Trinity-Golenishchevo estate - the composite name comes from the Church of the Three Saints erected on this site by Metropolitan Cyprian and the former village of Golenishchevo, known since the 14th century. It was the patrimony of Moscow metropolitans and patriarchs until the abolition of the patriarchate by Peter I.
• The five-domed Church of the Savior of the Image Not Made by Hands on Setun - built in 1673-1676, it contains Orthodox shrine- a piece of the Holy Cross.
• Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Troekurov - erected in 1699-1706 in the estate of the Troekurov princes.
• The tented church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Troitsky-Golenischev - built in 1644-1646 on the site of an old wooden church in the patriarchal estate.
• Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary from the 17th century.

Flora and fauna

In the vicinity of the reserve there are 384 species of vascular plants, of which 47 are rare for the flora of the capital. The forests of the reserve consist of floodplain willow forests, gray alder forests, linden forests, aspen forests, birch forests, pine forests, maples and undergrowth of honeysuckle and euonymus bushes. The forests are inhabited by squirrels, moles, song thrushes, kinglets, bullfinches, little flycatchers, tawny owls, warblers, and warblers nest. In the floodplain of the Setun River there are weasels, and in the reservoirs there are water shrews and muskrats. In total, 69 species of birds nest in the Setun Valley, five species of amphibians and 18 species of mammals live.

Of the rare insects in the reserve, we saw the brilliant beauty, the beauty girl, the small rocker (a biotopically rare and small species), the Piedmontese dragonfly, the eastern sawtail, the Sorey bumblebee, and the white moth. The valley of the Setun River is the probable habitat of the song grasshopper, the green jumper, the golden bronze, the great shortwing, the hairy bee, the two-spotted anthophora, the dawn butterfly, the mother-of-pearl meadowsweet, the gypsy chervonets, the argus blueberry, and the charcoal mourner. In addition, the valley is inhabited by the gray grasshopper, red leistus, black cichrus, woodcutter tanner, forked anthophora, field cuckoo bumblebee, and meadowsweet moth.

Birds listed in the Red Book of Moscow nest on the territory of the reserve; for example, the black scutum lives in forested areas. The presence of the tufted duck, the common cricket, was also noted. Breeding colonies of black-headed gulls and nesting sites and habitats of sky lark were also noted. The Setun Valley is a breeding place for teal and garter. Place of peregrine falcon feeding biotope, nesting and feeding biotopes common kestrel. The reserve is also home to corncrake, long-eared owl, whirligig, yellow wagtail, shrike, river cricket, northern warbler, hawk warbler, stonechat, long-tailed tit, and brown-headed chickadee.

The Red Book of the capital also contains many species of mammals living or registered in the reserve, such as the common shrew, black polecat, brown hare, water vole. Among the rare reptiles for the Moscow fauna are the viviparous lizard, the common grass snake, and the grass frog.

Ecology

The Setuni River zone is subject to strong anthropogenic impact. Among the main problems of the reserve are construction works, which changed the natural physical landscape of the zone, as well as dumps of soil, household and construction waste. Environmental activists estimate the damage at hundreds of millions of rubles. Environmentalists are concerned about the construction of an 11-kilometer backup of Kutuzovsky Prospekt in the nature reserve in the Ramenki area. The project is planned to be completed by 2020. Locals and activists are demanding a ban on road construction. In the summer of 2018, illegal concrete production was discovered on the territory of the reserve, which is designated as a multifunctional public area in the city master plan.

Pollution of the river with garbage and the construction of highways and parking lots near the reserve led to a change in the outline of the Setun riverbed, flooding of some floodplain areas and erosion of the banks, increased soil erosion - because of this, the local flora and fauna have changed. In the middle and lower reaches of the river, due to the dumping of toxic waste, there is practically no aquatic vegetation. Urban development in the lower reaches of the Setun River led to the extinction of species such as the common shrew and ermine in 1975 in the Matveevsky forest last time a gray-haired woodpecker has been recorded. In the 2010s, many areas of the glossy beauty habitat were lost.

Notes

1. Setun River Valley (undefined) . Laboratory of geographic information technologies. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
2. Spring at the base of the right bank slope of the Setun River valley (Spring at the base of the right bank slope of the Setun River valley) (undefined)
3. , With. 247.
4. Materials on adjusting the boundaries of the specially protected natural area “Natural Reserve “Valley of the Setun River” in connection with the construction of the southern section of the northwestern chord (undefined) (pdf). CJSC Scientific Research and Design and Survey Institute of Urban Planning and System Design (2017). Retrieved December 1, 2018.
5. , With. 432-433.
6. The Setun River Valley in the Matveevsky Forest (The Setun River Valley in the Matveevsky Forest) (undefined) . Laboratory of geographic information technologies. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
7. Resolution on priority measures for the development of the territory of the Setun River Valley natural reserve (as amended on August 28, 2012) dated May 15, 2007 (undefined) . Electronic fund of legal and regulatory technical documentation. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
8. 140 million rubles have been allocated for the improvement of the Setun River Valley (undefined) (inaccessible link - story) . Moscow 24 (September 4, 2012). Retrieved December 3, 2018.
9. A criminal case has been opened in Moscow into the theft of more than 2 million rubles from the state budget by officials of the Setun River Valley nature reserve. (undefined) (inaccessible link - story) . investigative committee Russian Federation(April 1, 2009). Retrieved December 5, 2018.
10. Natural reserve "Valley of the Setun River" (undefined) . TIMEOUT. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
11. , With. 149-152.
12. , With. 758.
13. , With. 129.
14. , With. 172.
15. , With. 824.
16. , With. 558.
17. , With. 448.