The development of psychological knowledge since the 17th century. The development of psychology in the XVII-XVIII centuries Lecture plan. Western psychology in the 20th century

Anxiety of people of different ages and their features of coping behavior

Alekseeva V.V.

Institute of Psychology of NEFU named after M.K. Ammosova, Yakutsk;

Scientific adviser: Prokopieva N.Yu.

Throughout life, almost every person is faced with situations that are subjectively experienced as difficult and disruptive to the usual course of life. And ways to overcome or avoid them helps to cope with life's difficulties that have arisen. Currently, the problem of anxiety and ways of coping with it is becoming increasingly important. Anxiety is described as a certain state of an individual at a limited point in time; is a stable property of any person.

The ability to cope with stress determines the modern conditions of life and the preservation of mental health. Because the study of anxiety and coping factors is of great importance, both for the level of functioning of a person, and for maintaining his mental well-being.

aim of this study is: The study of coping strategies in people of different ages with high anxiety.

An object: Students and adults different ages

Hypothesis: People with high personal and situational anxiety will have an escape-avoidance coping strategy.

Subject: Coping strategies in people of different ages with a high level of anxiety.

Sample:

For the study, 50 people aged 18 to 35 were selected. The sample was divided into: students aged 18 to 23 and adults aged 24 to 35.

Methods:

The following techniques were used (see appendix):

1) Methodology "Determining the level of anxiety" Ch.D. Spielberg, adapted by Yu.L. Khanina:

The method of subjective assessment of situational and personal anxiety Ch.D. Spielberg, adapted by Yu.L. Khanina determines the level of anxiety based on a self-esteem scale (high, medium, low).

Situational anxiety (ST) occurs as a reaction to stressors, most often of a socio-psychological nature (expectation of an aggressive reaction, a threat to self-esteem, etc.).

Personal anxiety (PT) gives an idea of ​​a person's susceptibility to certain stressors due to their individual abilities.

2) Questionnaire "Methods of coping behavior" Lazarus:

The methodology is designed to determine coping mechanisms, ways to overcome difficulties in various areas of mental activity, coping strategies.

According to the results of the methodology “Method of subjective assessment of situational and personal anxiety Ch.D. Spielberg, adapted by Yu.L. Khanina, we can notice that students are slightly more prone to stress than adults. This may tell us that adults can better cope with stress, anxiety, unpleasant experiences, and anxiety than students. This may be due to the fact that an independent life, independent responsibility for decisions made, solving any household and work issues helps adults cope with anxiety better than students who can still rely on parents and teachers.

When studying the level of situational anxiety in students and adults, the following results were obtained:

That 8% of students have a high level of situational anxiety. A high level of situational anxiety indicates a temporary experience of anxiety, dissatisfaction with one's ability to meet the requirements of the situation, specific circumstances. Students with a high level of anxiety cannot cope with socio-psychological stressors (expectation of a negative assessment, fear of losing something very significant, assessment by adults or peers).

64% of students and adults have an average level of situational anxiety. 28% of students and 36% of adults have a low level of situational anxiety.

When studying the level of personal anxiety in students and adults, the following results were obtained:

That 76% of students and 60% of adults have a high level of personal anxiety. People with a high level of personal anxiety tend to perceive most situations as threatening to him, his prestige or self-esteem.

24% of students and 40% of adults have an average level of personal anxiety. A low level of personal anxiety in students and adults is not observed.

Thus, according to the results of the study of the level of anxiety in students and adults, we found that there is a risk group on the scales: "situational anxiety" 8% of students and "personal anxiety" 76% of students and 60% of adults. Now we are faced with the task of identifying ways to overcome difficulties, types of coping strategies in people with a high level of anxiety.

To test our hypothesis, we identified students and adults with high situational and personal anxiety.

According to the Spielberg-Khanin method, we found that 8% of students have high situational anxiety. In adults, a high level of situational anxiety is not observed.

Students with a high level of situational anxiety received the following results on the methods of coping strategies:

Escape-avoidance - an average value of 16.5, which corresponds to a high level - overcoming negative experiences due to difficulties by a person due to an evasion type response: denial of a problem, fantasizing, unjustified expectations, distraction, etc. With a clear preference for an avoidance strategy, infantile forms of behavior in stressful situations can be observed.

Confrontation - average value 12, which corresponds to the average level.

Distance – average 13.5, which is in line with the average

Self-control - average value 14, which corresponds to the average level

Seeking social support – mean 11, which is in line with the average

Acceptance of responsibility – mean 9.5, in line with the mean

Problem solving planning – average 10, which is average

Positive revaluation - average value of 12.5, which corresponds to the average level

Thus, students with a high level of situational anxiety have a high level on the “escape-avoidance” scale and moderate indicators on the other scales, which suggests that in situations of expecting a negative assessment or fear of losing something very significant, they resort to avoiding the problem. - denial of the problem, fantasizing, distraction to other, in their opinion, questions.

According to the Spielberg-Khanin method, we found that 76% of students and 60% of adults have high personal anxiety.

Students with a high level of personal anxiety received the following results on the methods of coping strategies:

Escape-avoidance - an average value of 13.2, which corresponds to a high level - overcoming negative experiences due to difficulties by a person due to an evasion type response: denial of a problem, fantasizing, unjustified expectations, distraction, etc. With a clear preference for an avoidance strategy, infantile forms of behavior in stressful situations can be observed.

Confrontation – average value 8.1, which corresponds to the average level

Distance – average 9.1, which is in line with the average

Self-control - average value 9.9, which corresponds to the average level

Seeking social support – mean 9.7, in line with the average

Acceptance of responsibility - average value 6.6, which corresponds to the average level

Problem solving planning – mean 8.1, in line with the average

Positive revaluation - average value of 9.8, which corresponds to the average

Thus, students with a high level of personal anxiety have a high level on the "escape-avoidance" scale and moderate indicators on the other scales, which indicates that in case of failures, conflict situations, they resort to avoiding the problem - denying the problem, fantasizing, distracting other, in their opinion, questions.

In adults with a high level of personal anxiety, the following results were obtained according to the methods of coping strategies:

Escape-avoidance - an average value of 12.1, which corresponds to a high level - overcoming negative experiences due to difficulties by a person is not always due to an evasion type response: denial of a problem, fantasizing, unjustified expectations, distraction, etc.

Thus, in adults with a high level of personal anxiety, moderate indicators are observed on all scales, which indicates that adults successfully cope with failures, unpleasant experiences, life difficulties, and conflict situations.

It can be noted that students with high personal anxiety resort to coping strategies more than adults, that the most dominant coping strategy for both students and adults is the "escape-avoidance" coping strategy.

A low level of situational anxiety also has a significant part in a person's life, just like a high one. Since students and adults with a low level of situational anxiety do not sufficiently actualize the needs of the body, there is no interest in what is happening in the world and in oneself.

It can be seen that students and adults with low situational anxiety have moderate indicators on all scales, which indicates that they successfully cope with failures, unpleasant experiences, life difficulties, and conflict situations.

With the help of Lazarus' Methods of Coping Behavior questionnaire, we found that students with high situational and personal anxiety have a dominance of the "escape-avoidance" coping strategy. Adults with high personal anxiety successfully cope with anxiety.

Thus, the hypothesis put forward by us earlier "people with high personal and situational anxiety will have a coping strategy" escape-avoidance "" was proved, as we proved that students with high situational and personal anxiety have a manifestation of the coping strategy "escape-avoidance".

Literature

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3. Bodrov V.A. The problem of coping with stress. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. - 554 p.

4. Bodrov V. A. On the psychological mechanisms of regulation of the process of overcoming stress // Psychology of the subject of professional activity / Ed. V. A. Barabanshchikov and A. V. Karpova. M.-Yaroslavl: Avers-Press. 2002. Issue. 2. - 183 p.

5. Nabibulina R.R., Tukhtarova I.V. "Mechanisms of psychological defense and coping with stress (definition, structure, functions, types, psychotherapeutic correction)". Textbook - Kazan, 2003 - 360 p.

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