A complex plan on the topic of politics. Problematic issues of the "Politics" block. Social Studies. USE-2011. Examples of tasks B6

Job directory.
Politics

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Internal Policy of the Russian Federation." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

1. The concept of the internal policy of the state.

2. Priority directions of the internal policy of the state in the field of economy:

a) improving taxation;

b) support for small businesses;

c) legislative activity in the field of business law.

3. The main directions of the social policy of the state:

a) protection of motherhood and childhood;

b) pension reform;

c) support for socially unprotected groups of disabled people;

d) the national project "Health".

4. Development of science and education:

a) national project “Education;

b) Skolkovo;

c) national project "science"

5. Other directions of state policy.

6. Domestic policy of Russia: results and prospects.

Answer: none

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to essentially reveal the topic "Civil Society and the Rule of Law". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

1) The concept of the rule of law.

2) Signs of the rule of law:

a) the rule of law;

b) inviolability of human rights and freedoms;

c) a real separation of powers.

3) The concept of civil society, its main institutions:

a) local self-government;

b) interest clubs, environmental protection;

c) centers of preschool education;

d) public libraries, etc.

4) The main features of civil society:

a) the predominance of horizontal links;

b) non-state character;

c) self-organization and voluntary nature of participation, etc.

The presence of any two of the 2, 3 and 4 points of the plan in this or similar wording will reveal the content of this topic on the merits

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Political behavior". The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

When analyzing the response, the following are taken into account:

The correctness of the wording of the points of the plan in terms of their relevance to the given topic;

Completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

Correspondence of the structure of the proposed answer to the complex type plan.

One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic:

1) Variety of forms of political behavior.

2) Forms and types of political behavior:

a) traditional

b) innovative;

c) elections - a mass form of political participation (electoral behavior).

3) Normative and deviant forms of political behavior:

a) normative;

b) protest;

c) extremist.

4) Factors influencing the political behavior of an individual:

a) political interests and values ​​of the individual;

b) the level of political culture of society;

c) political institutions and legal mechanisms operating in society.

5) Regulation of political behavior:

a) legal;

b) the formation of political values ​​in society through the education system;

c) organization of political subjects, etc.

Perhaps a different number and (or) other correct wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

The presence of any two of the 2, 3 and 4 points of the plan in this or similar wording will reveal the content of this topic on the merits

Using social science knowledge, draw up a complex plan that allows you to reveal the essence of the topic "Political pluralism as a sign of democracy." The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Explanation.

One of the options for the disclosure of this topic.

1. The concept of political pluralism.

2. Manifestations of political pluralism:

a) variety of political doctrines and ideologies;

b) freedom of participation in political movements and parties;

c) multi-party system.

3. Other signs of democracy as a political regime:

a) democracy;

b) the principle of the majority;

c) availability of free independent media, etc.

4. Significance of democratization processes in the modern world.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

The presence of any two of the 2, 3 points of the plan in this or similar wording will reveal the content of this topic on the merits

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Lesson Objectives:

1. To acquaint students with the main features of the domestic policy of the Russian Federation in 2000-2008, the main results of the presidency of V.V. Putin;
2. contribute to the formation of students' ideas about the socio-political processes and events of 2000-2008, about the main trends in the socio-political development of Russia;
3. promote the development of analytical thinking, the ability to work with historical sources, quotations, express one's point of view and argue it;
4. promote a sense of responsibility for their deeds, deeds, words.

Equipment:

• Zagladin N.V., Kozlenko S.I. History of Russia and the world. 10-11 class. Moscow: Russian word. 2007.
• Student messages.
• PC, screen, projector.

Type of lesson: learning new material.

Lesson form: combined.

The lesson is designed for 2 training hours (pair).

In the previous lesson, students received advanced tasks:

- group number 1 (2 people) - prepare a message about the biography of V.V. Putin;

– group No. 2 (2 people) – make a selection of aphorisms (“Putinisms”) by V.V. Putin;

- the rest of the students - to find out the opinion of parents, relatives, neighbors about the period of V.V. Putin: the beginning of the presidency, the results.

Lesson plan:

I. Organizational moment.

II. Formation of motivation and determination of the objectives of the lesson.

1. Rise to power.
2. Second Chechen campaign.
3. Major reforms and projects.
4. Public opinion.
5. results of the presidency.

Basic concepts: Chechen campaign, the concept of sovereign democracy, “Putinism”, federal district, “sovereign democracy”, nanotechnology, national project, monetization of benefits, stabilization fund.

IV. Summing up the lesson.

V. Homework.

During the classes

Slide number 1.

II. Formation of motivation and definition of lesson objectives.

Students are motivated to work seriously in class, as at the end of the lesson there will be a test on new material and grades will be given.

Slide number 2, 3.

III. Learning new material.

Slide number 4.

Teacher: Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin is a bright, controversial historical figure, whose role in the history of Russia has not yet been fully played. For several years, and maybe even decades, historians, political scientists, economists and others will break spears, giving an assessment of the results of Vladimir Putin's presidency. Today in the lesson we will consider the domestic policy of the period 2000-2008, study the main directions, analyze the facts, opinions, and assessments of V. Putin's presidency.

Slide number 5.

1. Coming to power.

Andreeva Maria and Shurupova Ekaterina prepared a report on the biography of V.V. Putin. Student message <Документ №1> accompanied by a presentation <Презентация № 1>.

The teacher's story is accompanied by a demonstration <Презентации № 2>

Slide number 6.

Teacher: On March 26, 2000, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was elected the second President of Russia by 52.94% of the popular vote. On May 7, 2000, he took office. The new President immediately changes the Government by appointing Mikhail Kasyanov as Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The new team had to do a lot on the way to order and prosperity. As Candidate of Economic Sciences Arseniy Yatsenyuk wrote: “Vladimir Putin inherited from the Yeltsin era the lost governance of the country, clan system, oligarchy, internal conflicts, separatism, crime, chaos, the war in Chechnya, the lack of a place for Russia in the external coordinate system.”

Slide number 7.

2. Second Chechen campaign.

Teacher: After the signing of the Khasavyurt agreements and the withdrawal of Russian troops in 1996, there was no peace and tranquility in Chechnya and its adjacent regions.

On display <Видео1> (duration 1 minute), after which independent work of students is organized according to the textbook (p. 411): a thesis plan is drawn up for the main stages and events of the second Chechen campaign.

3. Major reforms and projects.

Teacher: In domestic politics V.V. Putin pursued a consistent and tough policy of centralization and strengthening of power.

Slide number 8.

Political-state sphere.

The first major change in the constitutional and political system of the country was a change in the procedure for the formation of the Federation Council.

Slide number 9,10.

Before the 2000 reform, the governors and heads of the legislature of the regions, according to their position, were members of the Federation Council, after the reform in the Federation Council they were replaced by appointed representatives working on a permanent and professional basis. One representative to the Federation Council is appointed by the governor, and the second - by the legislature of the region. Governors and heads of regions, having entered the State Council, began to perform advisory and advisory functions under the President of the Russian Federation.

A few days after the terrorist attack in Beslan in September 2004, V. Putin announced his intention to cancel the elections of heads of regions, motivating this step with the aim of strengthening the fight against terrorism. According to the new system, the President approves one of the candidates for heads of regions. The tragedy of Beslan overshadowed the political transformations.

Slide number 11.

On display <Видео 2>

slide number 12.

In party building, the main stake was placed on strengthening the United Russia party. On November 20, 2002, Minister of the Interior Boris Gryzlov became Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Party on the recommendation of the Presidential Administration. In December 2003, following the results of the elections to the State Duma, the pro-presidential United Russia party won the majority of seats (with Boris Gryzlov himself becoming Chairman of the State Duma).

The legislative activity of the deputies was almost completely subordinated to the requirements and wishes of the executive branch - the President and the Government. Representatives of "United Russia" took all the leading positions in the State Duma, refusing to give the opposition the leadership of even one committee and practically monopolizing legislative activity.

In the spring of 2005, a law was adopted on elections to the State Duma exclusively on party lists. Then the State Duma adopted amendments to federal legislation allowing the party that won the elections to the regional parliament to propose to the President of Russia their candidacy for the governor's post. In the vast majority of regions, this right belongs to United Russia. The process of governors joining the party of power assumed a massive character. At the beginning of 2007, 70 out of 86 leaders of Russian regions were members of the party. Beginning in 2005, leaders of large industrial corporations began to join the party.

slide number 13.

In February 2006, V.Yu. Surkov puts forward the concept of sovereign democracy, which is that the policy of the President must first of all enjoy the support of the majority of the population in Russia itself. It is this support of the majority that constitutes the main principle of a democratic society.

Thus, reforms in the political system actually meant a transition from a federal to a unitary state system.

Slide number 14.

Socio-economic sphere.

In 2002, a pension reform was carried out.

Slide number 15, 16.

According to the new pension model, presented in the Federal Law of December 17, 2001 N 173-FZ “On labor pensions in the Russian Federation” (Article 5, clause 2), a pension can consist of two parts: insurance and funded. The insurance part consists of the contributions of the employer, and the funded part of the personal contributions of the future pensioner.

• The goal of the reform:
Increasing the level of pensions for citizens through the transition from a distributive system to a funded one.
• Increasing the size of the labor pension.
• Increasing the dependence of the size of the labor pension on the size of wages.
• Removing part of the burden of paying pensions from the state budget.
• Stimulation of voluntary contributions to the funded part of the labor pension.

In the 2000s a tax reform was carried out, as a result of which a flat scale of personal income tax was established at 13%, the income tax rate was reduced to 24%, a regressive scale of the unified social tax was introduced, turnover taxes and sales tax were abolished, the total number of taxes was reduced in 3.6 times (from 54 to 15). This reform is estimated by experts as one of the most serious successes of V. Putin.

In 2003, in his Federal Address, Vladimir Putin set the task of achieving the convertibility of the ruble in current and capital transactions. By July 1, 2006, this task was completed.

slide number 17.

In 2005, a reform is being carried out to monetize benefits. Part of the benefits began to be replaced by cash payments. This innovation initially caused a wave of indignation among the population. The main advantage of this reform is that citizens who do not use certain types of benefits began to receive them in the form of monetary compensation, which was fair in relation to rural residents.

slide number 18.

In the same year, the start of the implementation of 4 priority national projects in the socio-economic sphere was announced: “Health”, “Education”, “Housing”, “AIC”. Later, in 2008, V. Putin stated that the implementation of national projects is more effective than other state programs. In his opinion, this was achieved through the concentration of administrative and political resources.

slide number 19.

In 2006, in the next message to the Federal Assembly, V.V. Putin announced measures to stimulate the birth rate in Russia: an increase in child benefits, the introduction of “maternity capital,” and so on.

slide number 20.

In 2007, the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies was established, the purpose of which is to implement the state policy in the field of nanotechnologies, develop an innovative infrastructure in the field of nanotechnologies, and implement projects to create promising nanotechnologies and the nanoindustry.

In April 2010, with the help of the Russian Corporation of Nanotechnologies, created in the presidency of V.V. Putin, the first nanotechnological production in Russia was opened - a plant for the production of monolithic hard-alloy tools with a multilayer nanostructured coating, located in Rybinsk.

The economy saw a significant increase in foreign investment: from $11 billion in 2000 to $120 billion in 2007. In 2002, the recovery growth stage in the Russian economy ended and the investment stage began.

In general, over the years of V. Putin's presidency, bureaucratic guardianship and state control over entrepreneurial activity have weakened; measures have been taken to support small businesses.

slide number 21.

In 2007, the American magazine Time recognized Vladimir Putin as the person of the year, arguing that "Putin showed exceptional skill in leading the country, which he took in a state of chaos and led to a state of stability."

slide number 22.

4. Public opinion.

slide number 23.

Since 1999, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin has been the most popular politician in Russia. According to opinion polls, the number of Russians supporting President Putin increased from 14% in 1999 to 79% in 2007. VCIOM data show that in 2005, V. Putin's activities were approved by 68% of the population, and in 2006 - 87% %. According to the Levada Center, the level of approval of V. Putin's policy as President in 2007-2008 fluctuated within 79-87% of the inhabitants of Russia. They did not approve of the activities of V.V. Putin from 12 to 19% of the population of Russia.

slide number 24.

In December 2007, commissioned by the BBC (UK state television), the sociological companies Globescan and PIPA conducted a public opinion poll in 31 countries, including Russia, to find out how citizens assess the influence of Russian President Vladimir Putin on the development of democracy in Russia. More than 16 thousand people took part in the survey. According to the survey, 56% of respondents in the G7 (“Big Seven”) countries said that V.V. Putin has had a negative impact on human rights and the development of democracy in Russia, and only 26% hold the opposite opinion. In Russia, the situation is reversed - 64% appreciated the role of V.V. Putin in this area is positive and 12% - negative. Also, questions were asked about the influence of V.V. Putin to maintain order and security in the world; about the reliability of Russia as an energy supplier during Putin's rule; on the quality of life in Russia from 2000 to 2008. In general, more than half of the citizens of the G7 countries negatively assess the influence of Russian President Vladimir Putin on the situation in the world, while in most other countries - positively.

According to a public opinion poll conducted by the British company BBC in 2008, 77% of Russian respondents said that their quality of life has improved significantly during Putin's presidency.

slide number 25.

What do you think is the reason for such a difference in assessments of V. Putin's activities in our country and abroad?

slide number 26.

5. Results of the presidency.

slide number 27.

Teacher: An important economic indicator of the results of V. Putin's presidency is GDP. Thus, in 2007 Russia entered the top ten countries in the world in terms of total GDP. The number of residents with cash incomes below the subsistence minimum amounted to 21.6 million people in 2006, or 15.3% of the population, compared with 70% of the population in 1992 (after recalculating the methodology for calculating the subsistence minimum - 33%). During the presidency of Vladimir Putin, the Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation was formed, the emergence of which became possible due to the beginning of economic growth. Since February 1, 2008, the stabilization fund has been divided into two parts: the Reserve Fund (3,069 billion rubles) and the National Welfare Fund (782.8 billion rubles). The stabilization fund allowed Russia to pay off all external debts. Speaking in February 2008 at a meeting of the State Council, V.V. Putin noted: “Our children will not have to repay their previous debts for us. The public external debt was reduced to 3% of GDP. Which is considered one of the lowest and best rates in the world. Significant financial reserves have been created to protect the country from external crises and guarantee the fulfillment of social obligations in the future.”

During the presidency of Vladimir Putin, there was a significant increase in foreign investment in Russia (from $10 billion in 1999 to $120 billion in 2007). According to the representative of the German government, this indicates the stability of the Russian economy.

Ride number 28.

One of the results of V. Putin's presidency was the appearance of the so-called "Putinisms" - aphorisms uttered by V.V. Putin on various occasions. Elena Galkina and Olga Sarbaeva will tell us about such statements that have become famous and “gone to the people” <Документ № 2>.

Ride number 29.

We, guys, will discuss whether it is possible for the first persons of the state to use vernacular in their public speeches? What are the pros and cons? How does this affect the attitude of people towards such a statesman?

Despite this, there were disappointing results:

- according to Valery Zorkin, in Russia there were 4 million homeless people, 3 million beggars, 5 million street children, 4.5 million prostitutes, that is, as a result, this is 16.5 million people who are below the line poverty and lead an asocial lifestyle;

- measures to stimulate the birth rate did not give results by 2010: the population continued to decline;

– according to a study by the INDEM Foundation from 2001 to 2005. the level of corruption in the sphere of relations between government and business has increased 10 times, and domestic corruption has increased 4 times.

At home, you should have asked your relatives what results of V. Putin's presidency they noted. Let's try to sum up the results of the presidency of V.V. Putin. In the table we will enter positive and negative results.

Based on the answers of the students, the table is filled.

slide number 30.

IV. Summing up the lesson.

What new did you learn in the lesson?

What else would you like to know about?

Has your personal attitude towards Vladimir Putin changed as a politician and as a person?

slide number 31.

V. Homework.

Countries are the maintenance of ties and stability within the country and beyond its borders. The importance of both aspects of state activity cannot be overestimated. Domestic policy provides support for the government's course, promotes peace and harmony, and forms the integrity of the state.

The essence of the concept

Any state strives for self-preservation, development and stability. Therefore, the policy aimed at maintaining order in the country and uniting peoples in the world has a long history. Domestic policy as one of the most important functions of the state arises along with this social institution. In a global sense, this concept refers to the activities of the state to establish, maintain or reform the socio-political system through the solution of problems of a social, economic, cultural order. Domestic policy is designed to perform the following functions: organize the economic component, maintain the country in a state of stability, establish social justice in the distribution of benefits and rational, safe use of the country's resources, maintain law and order and preserve the unity of the state.

The Significance of the Domestic Policy of the State

Any state relies on its people in carrying out reforms aimed at developing the country and ensuring its integrity. Domestic policy in this case is a condition for the satisfaction of the population with their government. Only people who feel the care of the state about themselves are ready to work for its benefit, to connect their future with it. Human capital is the main wealth of the country, and people need to be taken care of.

This is the highest significance of domestic policy. A satisfied population will help the state achieve high results in foreign policy and in the implementation of the most ambitious plans. Domestic and foreign policy are thus closely intertwined. They influence each other and their results affect all areas of the life of the population and the state. For the population of the country, domestic policy should be understandable and close, only then it will be successful and supported. Therefore, the state must establish special communication relations with the population in order to talk about goals and plans.

Principles of domestic policy

The state in carrying out its course relies on the main law - the Constitution. In addition, internal policy is based on several principles:

• the state always and in everything protects the dignity of the individual;
• the realization of the rights and freedoms of one person must not violate the constitutional guarantees of other people;
• citizens of the country have the right to participate in the government of the country both independently and through their representatives in power;
• all people are equal before the law and the court;
• the state always guarantees the equality of citizens regardless of any circumstances, such as place of residence, race, gender, income, etc.

The internal policy of the state is built on the foundation of morality, justice and humanism. The government puts the interests of its people above everything and seeks to create the most comfortable living conditions for them.

Domestic policy structure

Numerous tasks facing domestic policy lead to the complexity of its structure. In general, it is divided into two areas: activities at the national level and actions at the regional level. These areas have different resources: primarily financial, as well as their own areas of responsibility.

In addition, traditionally, such areas of domestic policy are distinguished as economic, social, national, demographic and the sphere of strengthening statehood. There are attempts to single out smaller spheres, but in general this typology reflects well the main goals and zones of influence of the state within the country. All directions are even documented and visible in the structure of the country's governing bodies and regional regions. They can also highlight other areas, such as environmental protection, military, agricultural, cultural and law enforcement policy.

Strengthening statehood as a base for domestic policy

Preserving the integrity and unity of the state is one of the most important tasks that domestic policy solves. This is especially important in large, multinational countries like Russia, for example. Prevention of national discord and separatist attempts to single out individual regions as independent subjects of politics is very important, especially today, in times of growing national consciousness among small peoples. Keeping a region within a country, like Spain's Catalonia, for example, requires complex action at many different levels. This area also includes the promotion of national values, symbols and history. The state implements this function together with the media and various social institutions.

Economic policy

The most important is the economic domestic policy, which guarantees the stability of the country. Ensuring free competition, strict enforcement of antimonopoly legislation is one of the aspects of economic policy. An important part is also maintaining the stability of the financial system, this aspect includes the formation of the budget and control of its execution, as well as assistance to the national currency, and promotion of business development in the country. The main indicators for economic policy is the size of the GDP of the state's external debt. Also, the policy stimulates the renewal and modernization of the country's production capacities, creates a fertile ground for attracting investments, and regulates tax legislation. The country should create conditions for entrepreneurs who want to start their own business, as well as help retain young professionals and highly qualified personnel.

Social politics

The Department of Domestic Policy is most often associated with social policy. Indeed, it is one of the most important, as it directly concerns every person in the state and is felt by the inhabitants of the country every day. The state must provide the population with an acceptable standard of living, focusing on the protection of socially disadvantaged groups: orphans, the disabled, single parents, pensioners, the unemployed. An important part of social policy is the protection of the health of citizens, which includes the organization of qualified medical care, the provision of medicines to those in need, the organization of sanatorium treatment, control over the quality of food and the cleanliness of the environment. Social policy also includes the regulation of disproportions in the incomes of the population, mitigation of the consequences of social inequality. In addition, it includes the regulation of the education sector, the creation of a system of preschool and school education, and the control of their quality. Often, the social sphere includes the work of the state in the field of culture and ecology.

Demographic policy

The number of the population, its natural increase and decrease is the subject of concern of the state. It controls the demographics in the country, strives to achieve the optimal ratio between different age groups, the number of births and deaths of citizens. For example, for Russia it is important to increase the birth rate, as there is a decrease in the working-age population, while in China, on the contrary, it must be reduced due to too rapid population growth. The solution of demographic problems is impossible only by changing the legislation. Here it is necessary to conduct propaganda work, to use material mechanisms of influence.

National politics

The internal policy of the state pays great attention to the problems of relations between people of different nationalities and religions. Especially today, when ethnic conflicts are becoming more acute. The importance of state activity in this area is only increasing. The internal policy of Russia is aimed primarily at restoring friendly relations between people of different ethnic groups and cultures. It is also very important for the government to regulate migration processes that can provoke conflicts. Therefore, to anticipate and warn them in time is the goal of national policy. The task of the state is to create favorable conditions for the life of all citizens, regardless of their nationality, to stop possible discrimination on the basis of race and to promote the development of cultures and languages ​​of the peoples living in the country.