Message about human habits. Message about bad habits. Oniomania or shopaholism - shopping addiction

Bad habits of a person are actions that are automatically repeated a large number of times and can harm the health of a person or those around him.

Bad habits of a person are the result of a weak will. If he cannot force himself to stop doing certain actions that in the future may be harmful to health, then gradually it turns into a habit that is quite difficult to get rid of.

What are bad habits

The impact of bad habits on human life and health can be different. Some of them (alcoholism, drug addiction) are considered by modern medicine as a disease. Others are classified as unhelpful actions caused by imbalances in the nervous system.

The following are the main bad habits of modern man:

• smoking;
• addiction;
• alcoholism;
• gambling addiction;
• shopaholism;
• Internet and television addiction;
• binge eating;
• the habit of picking the skin or biting the nails;
• clicking joints.

The main causes of bad habits

The most common reasons for the development of bad habits in humans are:

Social consistency - if in the social group to which a person belongs, this or that model of behavior, for example, smoking, is considered the norm, then most likely he will also follow it in order to prove his belonging to this group, hence the fashion for bad habits arises;

Unsettled life and alienation;

Pleasure is one of the main reasons why the impact of bad habits is so great, it is the constant enjoyment that leads people to become alcoholics or drug addicts;

Idleness, inability to properly manage free time;

Curiosity;

Stress relief.

Bad habits and their impact on human health

But of course, the most severe consequences are the habits of using drugs, nicotine and alcohol, which quickly develop into addiction and can lead to the development of a number of complications, up to death.

Tobacco smoking is one of the types of household drug addiction, the essence of which is to inhale the smoke of herbal preparations containing nicotine in its composition, which from the respiratory organs quickly enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body, including the brain.

The health risks of smoking are as follows:

• the risk of developing cancer, pathologies of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and so on increases significantly;
• calcium is washed out of the body, the skin of the face ages, fingers become yellow, teeth deteriorate, the structure of hair and nails is destroyed;
• the work of the gastrointestinal tract worsens, the development of peptic ulcer is possible;
• vessels become fragile and weak, lose their elasticity;
• oxygen supply to the brain deteriorates, hypertension develops.

Alcoholism is nothing more than a drug addiction of the body, in which a person feels a painful craving for alcohol. With this disease, not only mental, but also physical dependence of a person on alcohol develops. With alcoholism, severe damage to internal organs (especially the liver) is observed and personality degradation occurs.

Drinking alcohol does not always lead to the development of alcoholism. Whether a person becomes an alcoholic or not depends on many factors. These are heredity, willpower, frequency of drinking and volume of alcohol, habitat, individual characteristics of the body, mental or emotional predisposition, and so on.

The systematic use of alcohol leads to the following consequences:

• the immune defense of the body decreases, a person often gets sick;
• there is a gradual destruction of the liver;
• the work of the nervous and digestive systems of the body worsens;
• increased blood glucose levels;
• among alcoholics, there is a high level of mortality due to accidents, suicides, poisoning with low-quality alcohol;
• the work of the brain gradually worsens, the person begins to lose memory and degrades.

Drug addiction is perhaps the most powerful and dangerous bad habit that has long been recognized as a disease. Drug addiction is a person's dependence on the use of drugs. The disease has several phases of the course and gradually developing syndromes.

The harm that drugs do to the human body is great. The most serious consequences of drug addiction are listed below:

Significant reduction in life expectancy;

Increased risk of contracting the most dangerous and often incurable diseases (HIV, hepatitis);

High mortality among drug addicts from accidents, suicides, overdoses and drug poisoning;

Rapid aging of the body;

Development of mental and somatic abnormalities;

The strongest degradation of the personality;

criminal behavior.

How to deal with bad habits

What are the methods and ways to deal with bad habits, and which one is the most effective? There is no definite answer to this question. It all depends on so many factors - the degree of dependence, the willpower of a person, the individual characteristics of the organism.

But the most important is the desire of a person to start a new life without bad habits. He must be fully aware of his problem and admit that he is an alcoholic or drug addict.

Without the desire of the person himself to get rid of the addiction, it is extremely difficult, and often impossible, to carry out treatment.

All methods of dealing with bad habits are divided into three groups:

• gradual reduction in the consumption of harmful substances;
• struggle with desires and refusal of a habit;
• replacing one habit with another.

For example, many people quit smoking gradually, reducing the number of cigarettes they smoke every day. This is a lengthy process and the last stage, when it is necessary to completely give up smoking, is very difficult for many.

But the drugs must be abandoned immediately. This leads to the most difficult condition of the body, breaking, when the remnants of narcotic drugs leave the body. It is impossible to solve the problem in any other way, in this case gradualness is not an option.

Prevention of bad habits

Unfortunately, so far the prevention of bad habits has not been given worthy attention. The effect of various commercials, signs and posters is not great. Often a person in trouble is left alone with his problem. Friends and relatives turn away from him, which makes the probability of overcoming the disease extremely low.

The path to a life without bad habits always begins with the awareness of the problem. If a person does not see harm in his actions (believing, for example, that he is not an alcoholic, but just drinks sometimes, like everyone else and there is nothing wrong with that), then a cure is almost impossible.

In medicine, the prevention of bad habits is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary. Let us explain this with the example of alcoholism.

The essence of primary prevention is to prevent the use of alcohol by persons who have not previously consumed it. Such prevention is aimed at young people, adolescents, children.

The target audience of secondary prevention is people who already know the taste of alcohol or those members of society who have the first signs of alcohol dependence.

Tertiary prevention is predominantly medical and is aimed at alcoholics.

It should be remembered that in order for people to give up bad habits, it is not enough just to scare them with the terrible consequences of drinking alcohol, tobacco or drugs. We need special comprehensive programs operating at the state level.

State support is needed for the development of sports, the creation of employment places for children and adolescents, the use of hotlines and telephones for psychological assistance, the creation of new modern drug treatment centers.

The mass media should actively promote a healthy lifestyle, form an understanding in the minds of young people that it is fashionable not to drink and smoke, but to play sports.

It is necessary to conduct special classes on the dangers of alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction in schools. Moreover, they should not be boring, but interesting. Not only teachers should take part in the classes, but also psychologists, narcologists, former alcoholics and drug addicts, who can tell children by their own example about what bad habits lead to.

In conclusion, I would like to note once again that in the end, the decision on whether to start smoking, drinking or taking drugs is made by the person himself. It depends on him how his life will turn out, whether he can become a full-fledged member of society or not.

Prevention of bad habits can help someone make the right decision, and even if one person, after talking with a psychologist or watching social advertising, says no to bad habits, this will already be a sign that everything was done for a reason!

In rare habits - this is what almost every average person can find in himself! And many people prefer not to see this as a problem and simply do not notice their own harmful addictions. You can often hear the excuse: “I have everything under control, this is not a bad habit at all, but a momentary weakness.” In fact, a person often does not even realize how much negativity bad habits bring into his life and how good it will be if you get rid of them. Consider in this article the most common types of bad habits and try to figure out what can be done to get rid of them.

Bad habits: list

Before starting to list popular bad habits, it is worth defining what it is. So what can be considered a bad habit? The pattern of actions that are clearly repeated over a long period of time, characteristic of a particular person, is a habit. It can be called harmful if it poses a potential threat to health, mood, psychological, physical comfort, environmental cleanliness, etc.

Here is a list of the most common bad habits:

• smoking;
• drinking alcoholic beverages;
• addiction to junk food (fast food, flour, sweets);
• gambling addiction;
• foul language;

But this is not a complete list of harmful addictions that modern people suffer from. There are less global habits, such as idle pastime. Many people do not see this as a bad addiction, but consider it a special trait of character. Like, he is used to taking everything from life, knows how to enjoy life and have fun. But in fact, he is an ordinary lazy person, a “burner” of life and simply an infantile person. The habit of biting nails, a pen, biting a lip, etc. is small and not always noticeable to others. However, such a trifle can greatly annoy even the owner of the problem. And such actions, performed regularly, are harmful to health.

Habits are different, and among them there are especially interesting ones that you want to pay attention to in the first place.

What are the bad habits of modern people

Let's take a look at a few common and not-so-popular bad habits.

tobacco addiction

Despite the fact that today a healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular, a lot of people are prone to addiction - smoking. It should be noted that the modern world has expanded the boundaries of this predilection. Today, people are addicted not only to cigarettes, but also to aromatic tobacco, which is smoked through hookahs. A newfangled trend - vaping is rapidly gaining momentum these days. Absolutely any form of dependence on tobacco products is harmful. And even the use of high-tech devices, vapes, does not solve, but exacerbates the problem. People who suffer from these habits endanger their own health, strike at the body of their own children, family members, and others.

Alcohol addiction

Drinking beer, wine, cocktails and strong alcoholic drinks is not safe for psychological comfort and physical health. Everyone knows about it. However, many people are prone to this addiction. It all starts with “harmless” beer, wine or other light alcoholic beverages and over time often turns into a habit that lays the ground for the formation of a pathological addiction.

tendency to overeat

It would seem that a person's need for food is quite understandable and is considered a normal phenomenon. However, gastronomy can also be a breeding ground for the formation of bad habits:

• binge eating;
• the habit of eating junk food;
• passion for dangerous mono-diets, etc.

You also need to eat right and you need to be able to control your gastronomic moods. Otherwise, you can form very dangerous habits that lead to obesity, the development of type 2 diabetes, and problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

Shopaholism

It turns out that the habit of constantly buying something is also harmful. Pay attention to how often you make unreasonable purchases. Are there shopping urges associated with the desire to suppress a bad mood? The answers to these questions will help you determine if you have shopaholism. And that, too, can be a problem. Unreasonable spending of money damages the family budget, creates debts, and interferes with the stabilization of well-being.

The habit of being lazy

There is also such a habit - to be lazy. A person who tries to postpone things for later, shirks some duties, works, studies carelessly, should think about it. After all, this can become a stable manifestation of his character. Lazy people are rarely successful. No one will bring achievements and life achievements on a platter with a golden border.

The habit of lying

Almost every person resorts to lies in one way or another in his life. There is a so-called lie for good. Sometimes an innocent lie is used to mitigate the consequences of some events for a person. However, there are also individuals who lie simply because they like to tell lies. Pathological liars often lose their boundaries themselves and no longer make out where the truth is and where there is a lie. The presence of such a habit makes a person repulsive to others. Often, deceit forms the basis for the formation of more serious problems.

foul language

"Russian obscene" is known to all people living, born on the territory of our country. Almost since childhood, we have to hear bad words somewhere on the street, from TV, from peers, etc. There are people for whom swearing becomes a habit. But a “strong” word spoken on emotions in rare cases is not as scary as the habit of “expressing” out of necessity and for no particular reason. Young girls, from whose mouths dirty curses are heard, immediately lose their charm. Guys and men who can't talk without swearing are also not attractive to the opposite sex. Foul language repels and creates an unsightly reputation for a person, which cannot but negatively affect the life of an individual who has such a habit.

Habit of chewing the tip of the hair

There are also habits that are not associated with any harmful deeds and actions. However, they are negative. For example, people with long hair sometimes get used to biting, twisting on a finger, chewing on the tip of a curl. On the one hand, there is nothing extra-dangerous in this. However, such an addiction looks very unpleasant from the outside. Yes, and the bearer of the habit can be terribly annoying.

The habit of collecting / storing unnecessary things

Have you met people who drag any unnecessary rubbish into their house and cannot part with things, storing a lot of outdated items that have lost their relevance in their home? And this, by the way, is another very bad habit! A person litters the territory, which creates significant discomfort for him and his relatives, neighbors. Sometimes such an addiction to collecting unnecessary trash takes pathological forms. The house in such a situation can turn into a natural dump. A person whose addiction has grown into a pathology needs professional help.

Types of bad habits

Reading the above bad habits, you can track down some signs by which you can divide addictions into types.

In modern psychology, there are:

• physical addictions;
• psychological habits;
• psychophysiological habits;
• psycho-emotional addictions.

For example, the habit of chewing on a pencil or pen can be attributed to the physical manifestations of habituation to the patterns of actions. But the craving for smoking cigarettes, hookah, vape refers to psychophysiological pathological needs.

There are age-related habits, for example, children's: a sucking reflex, attachment to parents, the habit of falling asleep in an embrace with a toy. Senile addictions: a craving for discussing someone else's life, a habit of grumbling, an addiction to going to the market, to the clinic, to the store without any apparent need. There are options for addictions that are specific to a particular gender. For example, the habit of dieting, lamenting over extra pounds is more typical for women. But the addiction to card or other gambling, the habit of not observing the speed limit while driving a car is more common in men.

What to do? Prevention of bad habits

It is known that all negativity must be fought! What about bad habits? After all, it is clear that even the most harmless variation of addiction can take very frightening and repulsive forms. The main thing is to understand and recognize the presence of addiction. Only then will it be possible to deal with it. In some cases, getting rid of such a problem (smoking, alcoholism, gambling addiction) is possible only with the help of a specialist. People who have a strong will and are seriously focused on results often find the strength to overcome unnecessary, negative character traits in themselves. Before eradicating negative addictions in yourself, you need to know yourself, recognize your shortcomings and find the right way to eliminate them. It is important to understand that the path of cleansing from bad habits can be difficult. However, with due perseverance, after some time the desired results will be achieved.

How to deal with bad addictions with yoga

Choosing yoga and embarking on the path of self-improvement, self-development, self-healing, a person automatically sets a course for getting rid of bad addictions. Naturally, to begin with, you will have to realize what exactly is superfluous and why it attracts so much. It is necessary to understand the nature of the emergence of certain attachments, habits.

Yogis believe that most of the habits are based on the craving for a kind of "doping" in the form of a special surge of positive energy. However, it is important to understand that by smoking a cigarette, drinking a can of beer, eating another donut, a person only receives a “trick” in the form of momentary pleasure. This pleasure does not give strength, does not improve mood, does not have a positive effect on a person's life. On the contrary, over time, retribution for an immoderate harmful hobby comes: health leaves, psychological comfort is undermined, the carrier of harmful addictions is increasingly faced with life failures.

With the help of hatha yoga practices, you can get a real charge of positive energy. Exercises will help to purify spiritually and heal the body. Over time, a person will find complete liberation from harmful cravings. At a certain stage of yoga, you can learn to get the necessary charge in the right amount and when it is needed. Vedic practices are aimed at self-regulation of energy flows and a conscious rejection of everything superfluous that pollutes the spirit and forms karma.

Aristotle

A habit is a form of behavior characteristic of all people without exception, which does not require great volitional and mental efforts from a person. We all get used to something in our life and then habits become part of our nature and to a certain extent begin to control us. This has its pluses and minuses, which need to be properly assessed so that, on the one hand, not to be a slave to your habits and not to close yourself off from everything new, and on the other hand, to make habitual for yourself such things that it makes no sense to do with the help of strong-willed efforts. Also, we must always remember that many of our habits can be imposed on us by other people, and therefore, following these habits, we will act not so much in our own, but in their interests. I will tell you in this article how to treat your habits correctly and, if necessary, give them up.

What is a habit?

A habit is a behavior, an inclination towards something, which has become ordinary for a person, constant in his life. It can also be said that a habit is, on the one hand, an unconscious skill, when you can do something without thinking about it, and on the other hand, it is laziness of the mind, when you don’t want to think about anything. And we can also say that a habit is an unconscious, automatic model of behavior that allows a person to save his intellectual and mental resources. Also, a habit, in contrast to conscious volitional behavior, allows people to do something several times faster. It takes time to get used to something. A habit develops after repeating the same actions a certain number of times. After that, the brain will remember them, a kind of map with the necessary algorithm of actions will appear in it, according to which it will start working in an unconscious mode. There are things that people get used to quickly and there are things that take a long time to get used to, and some things are completely difficult to get used to. In any case, people get used to something not immediately, but over time.

Bad habits

People pay special attention to bad habits. Because they are the ones that cause the most problems. These habits are not unreasonably considered a manifestation of the weakness and to some extent the limitations of a person who is not able to control his behavior for his own good and allows bad habits to harm him. Here we are talking about the tendency of a person to receive pleasure in a certain way, in which he closes himself from many other types of pleasure that do not harm his health. For example, if a person is used to drinking alcohol, then this addiction deprives him of the opportunity to experience the pleasure of many other things, such as, for example, playing sports, a healthy, sober lifestyle, mental clarity that helps to achieve success in various matters, the ability to be confident in myself without additional psychostimulants, successful communication with women and the like. There are many things to list here. So a bad habit is always a person's choice of one kind of pleasure at the expense of another. Bad habits can limit a person in many ways. This should always be remembered by those people who cannot get rid of bad habits just because they consider getting rid of them an unnecessary restriction for themselves. In reality, there are no restrictions here, there is just a choice of what you can enjoy.

The Benefits of Habits

Habits can be beneficial in and of themselves. There is nothing superfluous, wrong and unnecessary in nature. And the purpose of habits is to make life easier for us. As I wrote above, habits allow us to transfer various types of activities to automatic mode, in which, firstly, the speed of our performance of these types of activities to which we are accustomed increases, and secondly, we do not spend extra resources of our body for their implementation. Take, for example, the psycho-emotional state of a person - it will turn out to be much more stable if he deals with things familiar to him than with new, unknown, incomprehensible ones. Everything new, unusual, unexplored can be fraught with a potential threat, so a person needs to properly understand this, which will require certain efforts and, therefore, resources from him. But everything familiar and familiar allows without any fear to do and use what a person is well aware of and what does not need to be re-studyed, researched, verified. We all have some habits, it is impossible to live without them.

It is also important to understand that by doing the usual things and using the usual things and generally dealing mainly with everything familiar and familiar, a person can free up time for himself, either to rest, if he needs it, or to comprehend something new. If we had to constantly deal with everything new, we simply would not have been able to withstand such a load on our psyche and intellect - we would have to constantly study everything anew. And so, we can get used to, say, familiar products and use them without any fear of running into something harmful and of poor quality. True, those who manipulate people with the help of habits use this, so let's now talk about their harm.

Harm of habits

Every medal has two sides. And harm can be from everything, including habits. Personally, I consider any habits, first of all, a weakness that is easy to take advantage of. Although we can use them to do a lot on the machine, for example, drive a car without thinking about our actions or do our job, but at the same time, abusing everything familiar, we become very predictable and do not develop our adaptive skills. Giving in to habits, people begin to close themselves off from everything new, to the detriment of their interests. Worse, they begin to be afraid of everything new, becoming vulnerable in the face of any changes, progress. The human brain becomes ossified, and the psyche becomes weak when he deals with everything familiar, avoiding everything new. And therefore, those who are open to the new will be able to surpass it in many ways.

It is also impossible not to say about the ways of manipulating people with the help of habits. Many people do not notice this or do not want to notice that they are very often manipulated using their habits. In business, this happens all the time. For example, very often customers are lured into some new store by various promotions, discounts, low prices, and the like. And then, when people get used to this store, the prices in it gradually rise, but out of habit people still continue to buy various goods in it, even at very unfavorable prices. This does not always work and not with everyone, but some of the customers can be lured and retained in this way. Or goods that people are already accustomed to may lose a lot of quality over time, but they will still be bought out of habit, not noticing any difference or not attaching much importance to this moment. So there can be many options for a hidden influence on people who, due to their habits, become predictable and do not perceive various information critically enough, especially partly familiar.

Habits prevent us from expanding our internal picture of the world, because of them we do not notice or do not attach importance to what does not coincide with our already formed internal images, and thus we are deprived of a colossal amount of valuable information that we could use for our own benefit. Instead, we use outdated maps of reality in our heads, which often fail us. After all, focusing on the wrong map, which has become such because it is outdated, a person will inevitably come to mistakes and dead ends. He will make a mistake in one thing, in another, in a third, and thus his whole life can go downhill. For example, a person is used to some kind of work, but it is no longer relevant, society no longer needs it, so there is no point in doing it. And you will not earn money, and you will not build a career, and there will be no respect for you. So it needs to be replaced with a new one. But a person can sit at this job to the last, because he is used to it. So people drive themselves into dead ends with their habits.

So no matter how tempting it is to do the usual things and not strain once again, thinking about something new and questioning everything that you are used to, you need to remember that getting used to something, you can greatly limit yourself by closing your mind to many new things. This does not mean that you need to fight all your habits, it is still impossible to do it, even if you really want to. This suggests the need to abandon them in those situations where they openly harm you or are simply useless. And there are a lot of useless habits in our life. Many traditions, rituals, customs have become obsolete long ago. There is no need for them. Therefore, they must be abandoned in order to behave more effectively and adequately. Something new, better, more useful and effective is constantly appearing in the world, so holding on to the old, familiar, but obsolete and therefore absolutely unnecessary is sometimes simply stupid. But the habit, as you know, is second nature, so it is often very difficult for people to give it up. However, it is possible. Let's see what needs to be done for this.

How to get rid of the habit?

Getting rid of a habit, habits can be either a very simple or a very difficult task, depending on what kind of person and what habits you need to get rid of. This task will be simple due to the fact that a person can be switched from his old habit to something else, which later can become a new habit for him, if he is very interested in something - some kind of profitable, some kind of encouragement, the opportunity to achieve success in an important business for him. In principle, people are ready to give up the good for the sake of the best. It is only necessary to competently demonstrate to them this best, so that they clearly and clearly imagine what benefits they can get by going towards the new. Suppose a person is used to his job, and then he is offered a new one - more interesting, high-status and highly paid job, which is simply impossible to refuse. There are no additional requirements for him that could seriously strain him, so he only needs to make a decision and take a minimum number of actions in order to take up a new business. Well, who would refuse such an offer. In other words, when something new is clearly more beneficial than the old, a person will forget about his old habits and begin to get used to something better, he will form new habits. People love everything new when they are not afraid of it. And they are not afraid of him when they understand.

But this task can be difficult, just when, firstly, a person does not realize all the benefits that he can get by giving up his old habits, and secondly, when he does not have the necessary willpower to give them up . The second reason is especially serious, it is much more difficult to deal with it. Some people can run their lives so hard that they don't care how it turns out. They are ready to deal with everything. As I wrote above, habits make our psyche weak and our thinking inert. This is because they relax a person. And a person must constantly overcome some kind of resistance, make efforts to achieve some goals, adapt to something new in order to maintain vital energy, vitality. And if, thanks to habits, he lives in constant comfort, then many functions of his body, both physical and mental, simply atrophy. So some people cannot be forced to give up what they are used to, simply because they no longer have those abilities, thanks to which they can become addicted to something new - these abilities have fallen asleep in them. So this, I repeat, is a fairly common and very serious problem that is not so easy to solve.

I have worked with people who have reduced their whole lives to rather primitive and often bad habits. For example, this is gambling, including addiction to gambling, this is a terrible job in which a person simply burns his life, this is a lack of communication with people and, as a result, isolation and limitation, and so on and so forth. A person who is accustomed to these things plunges his mind into a prison in which he slowly dies. Such people have to be pulled out step by step from their very limited and gloomy world. And in this work, their agreement that they need to give up their habits is of great importance. If they do not want this, then without radical measures their problem cannot be solved at all. And of course, they cannot help themselves, because they do not have the necessary strength for this.

You can deal with habits with the help of the mind and with the help of emotions. Most people use emotions, it's easier that way. The habit is directly related to such innate feelings as laziness and fear. They, in turn, cause a certain emotional state in a person, which prompts him to do certain actions. There are habits and other feelings and qualities in the structure, but laziness and fear are the main ones. Consequently, it is precisely these feelings that must be influenced in the first place in order to rid a person, including himself, of this or that habit. There can be many combinations here. For example, by relieving a person of fear of something new, one can simultaneously awaken in him an interest in something and a desire to get something, to achieve something, to succeed in something. As a result, one emotion fades, another blossoms. And if a person does not respond to the bait - does not want anything and is not interested in anything, then you can replace his old fear with a new, even stronger fear that will make him give up the habit. So, in particular, they treat some alcoholics and drug addicts, inspiring them with certain attitudes. Well, everyone has probably heard about the so-called coding, which in some cases is nothing more than a suggestion. And by influencing the feeling of laziness, you can promise a person quick and easy results in some business in order to get him off the ground and when he gets involved in the process, it will be more difficult for him to refuse it, after all, he already has some resources. spent to start doing something. So people are encouraged, for example, to study. It’s not so easy to get used to this, but if you start doing it, then it will be easier to continue. A person appreciates his resources, so he often tries to be consistent so as not to think that he spent them in vain. Let's say, if a person is sold an expensive book, then he will be more willing to study it and take it more seriously than if he got it cheaply or even for free. People are arranged in such a way that they value higher what they got with difficulty and for which they gave some of their resources. This can be used by ridding them of old habits through such a feeling as laziness. You just need to force them [or yourself] to start doing something new, unusual, preferably with the use of some resources, for example, money. And then the person will be drawn into this process and gradually get rid of the old habit, or at least acquire a new one.

So habits can be fought in different ways to get rid of those that we do not need. This can be done with the help of simple methods, and with the help of rather sophisticated multi-way combinations that allow you to deceive the human mind so that he is not afraid of the new and not lazy. Naturally, we do not need to get rid of all habits, especially since this is still impossible to do. The main thing is to leave those of them that help us, and do not harm us. Therefore, friends, try, experiment, test different approaches to yourself and to those whom you want to wean from some kind of harmful or useless habit, habits, in general, pick up the key to your own and other people's minds. And then, sooner or later, a person will be able to get away from everything old and inefficient, to which he is accustomed, in order to look at life in a new way.

ESSAY

Psychology

The psychology of habit. The role of habits in human life

Introduction 3

1. Psychology of habit 4

2. The role of habits in the life of people 7

3. How to get rid of bad habits 12

Conclusion 15

Literature 16

Introduction

A habit in psychology is any regularly repeated type of behavior that does not require reflection and is acquired rather than innate. It can concern any area of ​​activity (from eating and sleeping to thinking and responding) and is formed through reinforcement and repetition. Reinforcement encourages the repetition of a behavior or response each time the stimulus that originally elicited the response occurs. With each repetition, the action becomes more and more automatic (as they say, a little more, a little more).

Some habits, however, can develop as a result of a single event, especially in the case of emotional involvement.

Habits are useful for liberating higher mental processes for creative activity, but they contribute to the inflexibility of behavior, and negative habits can even negatively affect all life factors. Psychologists say that you cannot get rid of a habit - it can be changed or replaced. This does not apply to habits that are positive, but only those that really interfere with our lives.

The relevance of the study of the psychology of habit and the role of habits in people's life, no doubt, will allow us to consider the negative and positive aspects of habits in people's life.

The purpose of the study: to consider the psychology of habit and the role of habits in people's life.

Research objectives:

1. Familiarize yourself with the psychology of habit.

2. Consider the role of habits in people's lives.

3. Determine - how to get rid of bad habits.

Object of study: various aspects of the psychology of habit.

The subject is the role of habits in people's life.

1. Psychology of habit

A habit is a well-learned action that a person repeats, guided by instincts and attitudes. This definition of habit is given by psychologists. In other words, these are the things we do without thinking.

The process of acquiring a habit is very simple. One day, a person does something. Initially, he has to consciously perform and control not only the action as a whole, but also individual movements or operations through which he performs it. However, by repeating it several times, it becomes easier to do it, and in the future you completely stop noticing how, when you come home, you habitually put on slippers, etc.

As a result of constant repetition, a person begins to perform many actions without thinking. This is called habit. This is where the whole complexity of the mechanism of habit lies. What makes us do habitual actions lives deep inside.

A habit is a subconscious program that a person follows. Contrary to popular belief, this program is not at all an enemy of the individual, but on the contrary, it is a great helper.

It is a means of saving energy in our internal system.

Becoming automated, habitual actions or reactions cease to take us time and energy to think about them, prepare for them, experience them and perform them. They happen by themselves, leaving us energy to solve more complex problems.

Unfortunately, there are bad habits that ruin our health, push people away from us, put us in hopeless situations, and so on. I want to get rid of them, but it is very difficult to do this, but I am glad that, after all, it is possible.

There are positive and negative habits.

Positive habits (for example, the habits of a rational work regime at the machine, sanitary and hygienic habits, habits of cultural behavior in everyday life, etc.) are an important condition for labor productivity, compliance of behavior with social norms, and a condition for protecting health. Facilitating the observance of certain rules, habits are of great help in organizing the personal and social life of a person.

Negative habits (disordered and sloppy performance of work, violation of the norms of cultural behavior, etc.) have the opposite effect.

There are large individual differences between people in the formation of habits.

Habit formation begins in early childhood, as the child learns self-care, neat dressing and undressing, careful handling of toys, and storing them in a certain order.

An important role in the formation of habits in children is played by imitation of older family members and feasible participation in the working life of the family.

In kindergarten, the child gets used to participating in the work of the children's team, to be responsible for his work, his duties in the game, to overcome the difficulties that he encounters in his work, to help his comrades, etc.

At school, students get used to working carefully and hard during the lesson, to be responsible for doing homework, to observe a certain mode of work, rest, sleep, nutrition, to patiently overcome difficulties, to plan work, determining its content in advance and correctly distributing it in time. Observing the school rules, the student masters the habits of cultural behavior.

The main conditions for the formation of habits during the period of study at school are the guidance and example of the teacher. , systematic assessment of the work and behavior of the student by teachers, public opinion of the classroom

collective, pioneer and Komsomol organizations. An important condition for the formation of habits is an irreconcilable struggle against negative habits (on the part of parents, teachers, class staff, pioneer and Komsomol organizations), and a categorical condemnation of every manifestation of a bad habit.

It is important to replace a negative action with a positive one, as well as to prevent the emergence and possibility of developing bad habits.

Work on the development of habits in the family, kindergarten, and school must be systematic and continuous, since any violation of a habit destroys in children the need to perform the actions necessary for the formation or consolidation of this habit.

Habits play an important role in the formation of stable forms of behavior that characterize personality traits. The formation of good habits and the fight against bad, negative habits is one of the most important tasks of education.

2. The role of habits in people's life

In the life and activity of people, habits are of great importance. Habits are actions that are fixed in a person's behavior and become his needs. (fig.1)

Satisfaction of a need is associated with a feeling of pleasure, and dissatisfaction entails unpleasant experiences.

Therefore, the performance of habitual actions causes us positive emotions, and the inability to do what we are used to is accompanied by unpleasant feelings.

Fig.1. human needs

Needless to say, our whole life is made up of habits. The way we master a new direction of activity, a new field of knowledge, the way we talk with other people and how we perceive them, the way we react to life circumstances, solve the difficulties that have arisen in life, and, in the end, the way we eat is all the result of ingrained habits in us.

You can even say even more, the circumstances that arise in our life are the result of our habits.

Therefore, in his book The Seasons of Life, Jim Rohn said: "If we want to change circumstances, we must change our habits, our attitude, our opinions ...".

The only difference between bad habits and good habits is that bad habits arise without any effort on our part, while good habits do not arise by themselves, unless wise parents instilled them from childhood.

Any habit is, in fact, an unconscious automatic action that has been formed from repeated repetition.

From this we can draw a simple conclusion: in order to change a bad habit, you must first realize it, i.e. bring it out of the state of automatism, and transfer it to a state of control over the action being performed.

Then we need to formulate in the form of a goal exactly the positive habit that we want to acquire and already try to perform the action corresponding to the formulation (or refraining from action).

Repeating this action many times will form a positive habit in us.

Of course, the formation of positive habits already requires considerable effort from us, because. Our existing habits have created a certain comfort zone, and a new one always causes discomfort.

But to quote here the words of Bill Newman, best-selling author of Soar with the Eagles: "Remember, every intelligent person tries to turn their intentions into skills and habits."

Whatever area of ​​life we ​​touch: sports, science, study, work, business, health, etc. - everywhere success requires the formation of appropriate positive habits and the rejection of bad ones.

We are well aware of the presence of bad habits, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking.

We can condemn or justify such habits, but each

a sane person knows that they are detrimental to life.

Other habits are less conspicuous, and their consequences are quite different, but just as with the above, a person is most often attached to them, and thinking that he himself controls his actions, in fact becomes a slave to his habits, and they lead him through life often without his knowledge and is not always safe for life.

Firstly, as often happens that we go to bed because we are used to lie down after eating, or after work, or in general we are used to soaking up in bed longer in the morning. We also eat more often out of habit, not because

what we want, but because the time for lunch has come, and someone is used to doing without breakfast, or lunch, or dinner at all.

After work or on weekends, we also have our own stereotype of behavior: someone goes to the cinema and loves entertainment (he is used to “relaxing” after work), someone continues to work until night (doing work taken home, homework , country house). Such a person is used to work.

Some people understand relaxation as (used to think) a change of occupation, switching from one thing to another, while others prefer to relax in bed with or without a book, with a friend or with a girlfriend or without them, or just take a walk in the fresh air, admire nature, or listen to beautiful music.

And for someone, the best relaxation is to get drunk to a swine state. Lifestyle habits are different for everyone.

Let's observe who, how he sits or stands, what position he chooses.

This is also a habit. As a rule, we choose the same posture, using the same muscles, which leads to their overstrain, and this, in turn, to narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels and squeezing the nerves passing through these muscles, which over time can cause disease organs that receive nutrition and innervation (i.e., control from the nervous system) from compressed vessels and nerves.

It is also very important for life how we move. We even

we do not suspect that our set of movements that we use every day is very limited. We choose only those movements that we are accustomed to since childhood. At the same time, the mass of the muscles is almost not used, therefore, they atrophy, therefore, again, the vessels and nerves suffer, and the disease develops.

We are accustomed to swallowing food, almost without chewing it, and thus disrupt the processes of digestion. They are accustomed to breathing without noticing their own breathing, using, as a rule, one or two types of breathing: normal everyday (and everyone has their own normal breathing) and deeper (depth and frequency depend on physical activity). But there are many types of breathing: abdominal, chest, mixed, with different lengths of inhalation and exhalation phases, with pauses after inhalation and exhalation, etc. We are used to not noticing pain if it does not interfere with work, we are used to not noticing our body, not paying attention to it when we run to work in the morning, when we talk and laugh, when ... But you never know when else - almost always.

Each of us has a variety of habits. Useful, harmful, necessary and not always necessary. Some of them help us in life, others spoil it.

Habits are fixed, as a rule, by life stereotypes and social foundations.

Many habits are built into us from childhood and turn into reflexes. Our habits are influenced by the people around us.

Most of the habits are instilled by our parents. Our habits shape our character and outlook.

And if some changes are coming in life, then we have to break our habits and an established way of life. If everything is stable, calm and even, then we see no reason to change our habits.

We behave the way we are used to, and sometimes we don’t even realize how much our habits spoil our lives and affect our feelings, thoughts and relationships with loved ones.

Our habits tell us how to live, how to behave and how to relate to certain factors in life or people. In other words, our actions, deeds and motives are tied for the most part to please our habits and not disturb our habitual way of life.

At times, we are visited by the thought of taking and changing something, starting a “new life” from Monday and the like. Yes, we sometimes get tired of our habits, we are aware of their "harmfulness" or "wrongness".

The very phrase “to change oneself” implies, first of all, the breaking of our consciousness. Agree, it is difficult to part with something that has been so dear to us for many years, was with us everywhere and everywhere, woke up in the morning with us, lived with us every day and tired went to bed. There is a statement - "if a person does not want to, no one can force him."

3. How to get rid of bad habits

In order to get rid of a bad habit, it is necessary, first of all, to realize that the habit really has a place to be.

Until we are aware of the problem, we do not feel it, and it guides us. This applies not only to bad habits, but also to good ones.

Justifying your bad habits and shortcomings prevents you from getting rid of them.

Getting rid of old and bad habits helps to acquire new useful and positive ones. We are arranged in such a way that if we lose something, we must receive some kind of compensation. And here it is important not to make a mistake in the choice. Instead of an old bad habit, it is necessary to choose one that would become our faithful companion for the rest of our lives, and which would not have to be painfully parted with later.

Healthy and useful habits are enough. Sports, hygiene, adherence to the regime, healthy and proper nutrition, discipline and self-education, pay attention to family and friends, read useful books, learn something new, find a hobby or start collecting something. You can choose your favorite activity.

A few simple rules will help you easily survive the changes in your life. Changes in habits should not be negative.

No need to deprive yourself of pleasure or torturing yourself. This will force you to return to your bad habits. You need to want that pleasant and good that your new habit will bring you. If we forcibly suppress negative habits, then their strength will only increase.

Bad habits will be eliminated if they cannot be enjoyed, and the source of pleasure will be found in something else, for example, in a new good habit. It is necessary not to do violence to yourself, but to create a situation where a bad habit fades into the background, and later completely goes beyond the horizon.

Both good and bad habits start, appear on the same topics.

for the same reasons - getting pleasure and compensating for negative situations. You need to praise and encourage yourself when the first successes appear.

This is a great incentive not to go back to the old.

The first step to overcoming a negative habit is to realize that the habit is already there.

A new good habit should bring pleasure and fully compensate for everything that is lost when the old negative habit leaves. It must also be remembered that habits are deeply embedded in our heads and can return at any moment and never again allow this.

Habit is the ability to remember and reproduce every time and at the time necessary for us what we have learned.

Habits play an important role in a person's life, and in many cases, habits are very useful.

Thanks to this ability, many skills that we only need to learn can then be automatically used by us without any changes, unless something changes in the external situation or our attitude towards these skills.

However, throughout our lives, we also accumulate such skills that we find it difficult to give up, although we realize that they are not effective and that they even sometimes interfere or harm us.

Bad habits that seem difficult or even impossible to change include some of our qualities, such as lack of confidence, directness, and tactlessness. There is even such an expression - “stiffness in habits”, as if we are talking about something that was previously mobile and could still be influenced, but now it is frozen and does not lend itself to any influence.

However, anyone can change if they want to and if they know how to do it. The main point of solving the problem is that no one has to be a victim of their habits.

Wouldn't it be better to replace them with new ones that bring real benefits.

Any habit is formed in the process of conscious repetition of any actions, but the more we repeat some action, the less we are aware of the process of its reproduction.

Thus, a new habit is formed that will either complement or replace the old habit.

The bottom line is that if we want to achieve success in life, we need to analyze our habits more often, and if we find that there are those that create serious obstacles for us, we should not think that it is impossible to get rid of them. Decisive action must be taken to replace old and useless habits with new ones that will lead to success.

Conclusion

Habits are of great importance for the formation of a person's moral character, since, having gained a foothold, they will already contribute to the appearance of certain character traits in him. Habits are varied.

Distinguish professional habits associated with the type of work that a person is engaged in. So, a doctor is used to paying attention to how a person looks, whether he looks healthy or sick, etc. There are moral habits (to be honest, truthful), hygienic, aesthetic, educational, cultural behavior habits and others. A very important place among the habits is occupied by the habit of work. This habit must be cultivated from an early age and especially at school age.

If the developed habits are useful or indifferent, then habits can also be harmful. Useful or positive habits include, for example, the habit of concentrated work, cleanliness, politeness, attentive attitude towards people. Harmful or negative habits can be called habits of idleness, rudeness, smoking. Good habits help people a lot. On the contrary, a person who has many negative habits is forced to constantly fight against them, and sometimes becomes a slave to his bad habits.

It must be understood that the totality of actions, abilities, skills and habits of a person is included in his character.

Therefore, every person should try to acquire useful habits. In order to acquire them, it is necessary, perhaps, to repeat more often those useful actions that need to be made habitual, and in order to get rid of a bad habit, one must not repeat the corresponding actions.

Because the repeated commission of the same act leads to the formation of a habit to act in such conditions in exactly this way and not otherwise.

Literature

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According to the mechanism of education, habits are closely related to skills. Habit is the need to take action. For example, a child has mastered some hygiene skills: he knows how to wash his hands, brush his teeth. However, this is not enough. It is important that the child develops the habit of always washing their hands before eating, before going to bed, after a walk. Habit encourages a person to act in a certain way. That is why habits are of exceptional importance in the education of positive personality traits. A. S. Makarenko noted that it is necessary to cultivate the right habits of behavior. When a habit has been developed, we do so because we cannot do otherwise, because we are used to it. Makarenko notes that it is much more difficult to develop habits of behavior than to cultivate the consciousness of how one should behave.

If a habit is usually formed through conscious exercise, then a habit can be formed without much effort on the part of the person. A strict daily routine, an example of others, repeated repetition of the same actions lead to the fact that, imperceptibly for oneself, a person develops positive or negative habits.

Skill allows you to perform an action skillfully, but it does not stimulate the performance of the action itself. Habits, unlike skills, require action. Therefore, in behavior they are either useful or harmful. That is why habits are part of the moral foundation of the individual.

Habits arise in a child in the process of operating with objects, as a result of expanding the circle of communication with people. It is important that the child immediately consolidates good habits that have a positive impact on the personality. An ancient Indian proverb says: “If you sow an act, you reap a habit; if you sow a habit, you reap a character; if you sow a character, you reap a destiny.”

Among the habits associated with labor activity, it is necessary to note the useful habit of filling one's time with fruitful work and reasonable rest. This idea was persistently emphasized by K. D. Ushinsky: “Most of all, it is necessary for the pupil to make it impossible for that lackey pastime, when a person is left without work in his hands, without thought in his head, because at these moments the head, heart and morality deteriorate” .

Thus, skills and habits are the foundation of individual behavior. Character traits and professional skills are formed on the basis of skills and habits. Well-developed skills and good habits enable a person to quickly master new educational material, new types of professional activity.