Cooperation within the EAEU is carried out in such areas as. Eurasian Economic Union of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation Reasons for the creation of the EAEU

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On January 1, the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) came into force. The Treaty approves the creation of an economic union, within which the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor is ensured, the conduct of a coordinated, agreed or unified policy in the sectors of the economy defined by this document and international treaties within the framework of the Union.

The Treaty on the EAEU was signed by the Presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation on May 29, 2014 in Astana. In addition to these three states, the members of the Union will also be the Republic of Armenia, which signed the Treaty of Accession to the Union on October 10, 2014, and the Kyrgyz Republic, which signed a similar Treaty on December 23, 2014.

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization for regional economic integration with international legal personality.

The Union is called upon to create conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in order to improve the living standards of their population, as well as for the comprehensive modernization, cooperation and competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The EAEU carries out its activities within the competence granted to it by the Member States in accordance with the Treaty on the Union, based on respect for the universally recognized principles of international law, including the principles of the sovereign equality of the Member States and their territorial integrity; on the basis of respect for the peculiarities of the political structure of the Member States; on the basis of ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and taking into account the national interests of the parties; on the basis of observance of the principles of market economy and fair competition.

The main body of the Union is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. SEEC meetings are held at least once a year. The structure of the EAEU bodies is also formed by the Intergovernmental Council at the level of heads of government, the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Court of the Union.

Reference:

Bodies of the Union:

The Supreme Council is the supreme body of the EAEU, which includes the Presidents of the Union Member States.

The Intergovernmental Council is a body of the Union, which includes the Prime Ministers of the Member States, which considers strategically important issues of the development of Eurasian economic integration.

The Court of the EAEU is the judicial body of the Union, which ensures the application by the Member States and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Collegium of the Commission. The main tasks of the Commission are to ensure the conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as the development of proposals in the field of economic integration within the framework of the EAEU.

The Council of the Commission includes the Deputy Prime Ministers of the Member States of the Union.

The composition of the EEC Board is formed by the Chairman and Ministers of the Commission.

The main functional novelties of the Treaty on the EAEU in comparison with the stages of the CU and the CES:

The Treaty on the EAEU consolidated the agreement of the member states on the implementation of a coordinated energy policy and the formation on the basis of common principles of common energy markets (electricity, the market for gas, oil and oil products). The document assumes that this task will be implemented in several stages and finally completed by 2025: the formation of a common electricity market is expected to be completed by 2019, and a common hydrocarbon market - by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU defines the regime for regulating the circulation of medicines and medical devices - within the Union, by January 1, 2016, a common market for medicines and a common market for medical devices (medical products and medical equipment) will be created.

The Treaty defines the main priorities of transport policy in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union for the long term. The parties agreed on a step-by-step liberalization of transportation on the territory of the Union being created, which primarily concerns road and rail transport.

An agreement was reached on the formation and implementation of a coordinated agro-industrial policy. It is important that the implementation of policy in other areas of integration interaction, including in the field of ensuring sanitary, phytosanitary and veterinary and sanitary measures in relation to agricultural products, will be carried out taking into account the goals, objectives and directions of the agreed agro-industrial policy.

The effective functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union cannot be imagined without a coordinated macroeconomic policy, which provides for the development and implementation of joint actions of the member states of the Union in order to achieve a balanced development of the economy. According to the Treaty, the main directions for conducting a coordinated macroeconomic policy are the formation of common principles for the functioning of the economy of the Member States of the Union, ensuring their effective interaction, as well as the development of general principles and guidelines for predicting the socio-economic development of the Parties.

To ensure the coordinated regulation of financial markets, following the results of step-by-step harmonization of legislation, the EAEU member states agreed on the need to reach the establishment of a single supranational body for financial market regulation by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU assumes that from January 1, 2015, a single market for services will begin to operate in a number of sectors determined by the member states of the Union. At the same time, the national regime is laid down as a base, i.e. the state is obliged to accept full national treatment in relation to the service provider and partner countries; there can be no restrictions. In the future, the Parties will strive to maximize the expansion of these sectors, including through the gradual reduction of exemptions and restrictions, which will certainly strengthen the Eurasian integration project.

According to the Treaty on the EAEU, a single market for services within the Union operates in the service sectors approved by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council at the level of heads of state based on the agreed proposals of the Member States and the Commission. On the basis of the Treaty, the decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on December 23, 2014 approved the lists of service sectors in which the single market will start functioning from January 1, 2015. Currently, according to the proposals of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, more than 40 service sectors can be included in the list of services (construction services, services in the field of wholesale / retail trade, services related to agriculture, including sowing, processing, harvesting of crops, etc.) . The list of sectors in which the rules of the single market for services must be ensured is subject to a gradual and coordinated expansion. In service sectors where there is no single market for services, providers and recipients of services are granted national and most favored nation treatment, and quantitative and investment restrictions are not applied.

From January 1, 2015, a common labor market will start functioning in the territories of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia; will be implementedfreedom of movement of labor. Citizens of these states will work under the same conditions:workers of the EAEU member states will not need to obtain work permits within the Union.With the creation of a common labor market, citizens of the EAEU countries can directly feel the benefits of the Eurasian Economic Union. Mutual recognition of diplomas will be carried out from January 1, 2015 automatically. The tax on income of individuals-citizens of the EAEU member states will be paid at the internal resident rate from the first days of employment. Citizens of the EAEU countries will stopfill out migration cards when crossing the internal borders of the EAEU countries,if the period of their stay does not exceed 30 days from the date of entry. In addition, workers and members of their families are exempted from the obligation to register (registration) with the internal affairs bodies for a period of stay of up to 30 days.

Another major novelty of the Treaty on the EAEU: the possibility of applying the national regime for citizens of all four countries in terms of social security, including medical care. In each country within the EAEU, all medical services guaranteed by the state will be equally available to all citizens of the Union countries. (We are talking primarily aboutfree provision of emergency medical services).

As for pensions, the Treaty on the EAEU contains an obligation to resolve the issue of exporting pensions and offsetting the length of service accumulated in another member state of the Union. Currently, the EEC, together with the Parties, is working on the Pension Agreement, which will enter into force after 2015.

Obstacles in the internal market of the EAEU

White Paper on Customs Barriers

The report "Barriers, Exemptions and Restrictions of the Eurasian Economic Union" reflects the results of the Union's work to remove obstacles to trade, the remaining obstacles, the current volumes of trade between the EAEU members, and the conceptual apparatus. Each trader can contribute to the White Paper and make the Common Economic Space better by using the Obstacle Register resource.

Terminology of obstacles within the EAEU (developed by the EEC jointly with the member states)

Barriers - obstacles to the free movement of goods, services, capital, labor within the framework of the functioning of the internal market of the Union, which do not comply with the law of the Union.

Exceptions - exceptions (derogations) provided for by the law of the Union on non-application by a Member State of the general rules for the functioning of the internal market of the Union.

Restrictions - obstacles to the free movement of goods, services, capital, labor within the framework of the functioning of the internal market of the Union, arising from the lack of legal regulation of economic relations, the development of which is provided for by the law of the Union.

As of the end of 2016 in the agreed list of obstacles? "White Paper" contains 60 obstacle?: withdrawal? - 17, restriction? - 34, barriers - 9.

Figure 1 shows the overall ratio of different types of obstacles in the EAEU. Figure 2 shows the number of different types of obstacles applied by each Member State.

Register of Obstacles

The information resource "Functioning of the Internal Markets of the Eurasian Economic Union" is an opportunity to draw up an appeal about a potential obstacle to the functioning of the single internal market of the EAEU Member States, in which it is necessary to describe the situation that you or your organization has.

This Internet portal was created with the aim of creating a register of violations and subsequent work with them within the framework of the EEC. The portal was created to receive information "from below", that is, directly from entrepreneurs who have encountered unlawful obstacles in the EAEU markets in the course of their activities. Anyone can apply to the EEC with a statement about an obstacle that has arisen due to a violation by a member country of the EAEU of the rights of the Union. On the Internet portal, you can also get acquainted with the register of violations and the work of the EEC to eliminate them.

Single customs tariff

The Common Customs Tariff of the Eurasian Economic Union (CCT EAEU) is a set of rates of import customs duties applied to goods imported (imported) into the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union from third countries, systematized in accordance with the unified Commodity Nomenclature for Foreign Economic Activity of the Eurasian Economic Union (TN VED ). The CTT of the EAEU was approved by the Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated July 16, 2012 No. 54.

Within the framework of the CTT, there is the possibility of granting tariff benefits, the conditions and mechanism for the application of which are indicated in Annex 6 to the Treaty on the EAEU. Tariff privileges are provided for goods imported into the territory of the Union and represent exemption from payment of import customs duties.

Trade participants should also pay attention to the fact that, in accordance with Article 36 of the Treaty on the EAEU, goods imported from developing and least developed countries are subject to import customs duty rates of 75% of CCT rates. List of goods originating in and imported from developing and least developed countries, upon import of which tariff preferences are granted (soon to expire). A new list of such goods is determined by the Decision of the EEC Council (effective from August 28, 2017).

The Treaty on the EAEU also establishes the rules for determining the volume of quotas for agricultural products. Such rules determine the maximum volume of agricultural products of a certain type that is allowed to be imported into the territory of the EAEU. The quota is provided for different groups of goods and contributes to the development of import substitution. Volumes of quotas are determined by the EEC Board every year.

Technical regulations

The Technical Regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union is a document adopted by the Eurasian Economic Commission and establishing requirements for the objects of technical regulation that are mandatory for application and execution on the territory of the Union.

Technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union are adopted to ensure the implementation of priority interests in the field of security.

In order to protect human life and (or) health, property, environment, life and (or) health of animals and plants, to prevent actions that mislead consumers, as well as to ensure energy efficiency and resource conservation within the EAEU, technical regulations of the Union are adopted .

Products in respect of which the technical regulations of the EAEU have been adopted are put into circulation within the Union, provided that they have passed the necessary conformity assessment procedures established by the technical regulations of the EAEU. The member countries of the EAEU ensure the circulation of products that meet the requirements of the technical regulations of the EAEU on their territory without imposing additional requirements for such products and without carrying out additional conformity assessment procedures. Products that have passed conformity assessment procedures are marked with .

From the date of entry into force of the technical regulation for a certain type of product in the territories of the Parties, the relevant mandatory requirements established by national laws do not apply. Thus, obtaining documents confirming compliance with the technical regulations of the EAEU makes it possible for products to freely circulate on the territory of the Union.

Confirmation of product compliance with technical regulations is carried out in the form of a declaration of conformity or certification. The use of one of these forms depends on the degree of risk of harm from the use of the product. There are several conformity assessment (confirmation) schemes: 6 declaration schemes and 9 certification schemes. The diagram shows the application of various forms of compliance depending on the risk. More detailed instructions on the application of declaration / certification schemes, as well as on all the necessary documentation, can be found in the presentation on the EEC website.

The list of areas for which the technical regulations of the EAEU are applied:

Pyrotechnic products;

Individual protection means;

Package;

Products intended for children and teenagers;

• Perfumery and cosmetic products;

  Light industry products;

  Automotive and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and fuel oil;

  Low voltage equipment;

  Cars and equipment;

• Equipment for work in explosive environments;

  Apparatus operating on gaseous fuel;

  Electromagnetic technical means;

• Food products;

  Juice products from fruits and vegetables;

  Oil and fat products;

  Specialized food products, including dietary therapeutic and preventive nutrition;

  Food additives, flavors and technological aids;

  small boats;

  Equipment operating under excessive pressure;

  Lubricants, oils and special liquids;

  Milk and dairy products;

  Meat and meat products;

  Furniture products;

  Explosives and products based on them;

  Railway rolling stock;

  High-speed rail transport;

  Rail transport infrastructure;

  Wheeled vehicles;

  Car roads;

  Agricultural and forestry tractors and trailers for them;

  Tobacco products.

Unified mark of circulation of goods of the EAEU

Marking with a single sign of circulation, in accordance with the Treaty on the EAEU, is one of the measures to develop exports.

In accordance with the Decision of the Commission of the Customs Union dated July 15, 2011 No. 711 “On a single mark of circulation of products on the market of the Eurasian Economic Union and the procedure for its application”, manufacturers, persons authorized by the manufacturer, importers (suppliers) of products have the right to label it with a single mark of circulation, if the products passed all conformity assessment procedures established by the relevant technical regulations of the EAEU on the territory of any of its member states, which is confirmed by the relevant documents.

A single sign of circulation is applied in accordance with the following rules: The image must be one-color and contrast with the color of the surface on which it is applied; The place of application of a single mark of circulation on products, containers (packaging) and documentation is established in the technical regulations of the Customs Union.

Special requirements are imposed on the labeling of medicinal products for medical use and veterinary medicinal products in accordance with the Decision of the EEC Council of November 3, 2016 No. 76. Also, special requirements are imposed on the labeling of fur products in connection with the implementation in 2015 - 2016 of a pilot project to introduce labeling of goods with control (identification) marks under the heading "Clothes, clothing accessories and other products made of natural fur" dated September 8, 2015 of the year.

Products that have passed all checks and comply with the requirements of the technical regulations of the EAEU (list in section ) must be labeled with a single mark of product circulation on the Union market (Eurasian Conformity, EAC):

Marking of products made of natural fur

Marking of fur products is obligatory for all participants in the circulation of goods: manufacturers, importers, wholesalers and retailers, commission agents and other participants in the fur market.

List of goods subject to mandatory labeling:

Mink garments;

Mink garments;

Nutria garments;

Items of clothing made of arctic fox or fox;

Rabbit or hare garments;

Raccoon garments;

Sheepskin garments;

Other items of clothing.

The sequence of actions when marking fur products:

Registration in the Information Resource of marking using an electronic signature;

Description of the goods in the Personal Account;

Submission of an application for the production of control (identification) marks (KiZ);

Payment for the manufacture of KiZ (the cost of a sewn-in KiZ is up to 15 rubles, the cost of an adhesive KiZ is up to 15 rubles, the cost of an invoice (hinged) KiZ is up to 22 rubles);

Receipt of Q&A from the issuer;

Product marking;

Fixing the fact of marking in the Personal Account of the Marking Information Resource.

Regional trade agreements

Participants in foreign economic activity should pay attention to the fact that when concluding RTAs with other countries, the EAEU has the competence to create free trade zones with other countries, but only in relation to goods. Thus, the EAEU countries decide on a case-by-case basis whether to include issues of trade in services or not. Such an order hinders the development of the Union, preventing the conclusion of deep agreements, since today the share of trade in services in world trade is constantly growing, and the lack of competence of the EAEU in this matter makes agreements with the Union uncompetitive in relation to other countries. A significant gap in the policy of the EAEU should also be recognized as the Union's lack of competence to conclude investment agreements with third countries.

However, the EAEU is already in operation. At the moment, the EAEU is at the stage of negotiating and preparing for the conclusion of regional trade agreements (RTAs) with some countries (Iran, Egypt, Singapore, China).

Free trade zone with Vietnam

The EAEU-Vietnam Agreement on the establishment of a free trade zone (FTA) was signed on May 29, 2015 (entered into force on October 5, 2016).

The agreement primarily deals with the mutual abolition of trade duties on goods (does not apply to services). According to the document, the abolition of import customs duties by the Vietnamese side does not cover only 12% of the product range, for most of which the Union countries have no export interest.

Under the agreement, Vietnam opens the market for many goods of export interest of the Union countries:

agricultural sector: beef, pork and poultry, processed meat products, canned fish, seeds, flour, dairy products, cheese, vegetable oil, animal feed, alcoholic products;

industrial sector: gems, tires, asbestos, pipes, rolled products, ships, mechanical equipment, electronic equipment, automotive parts, steel products, agricultural machinery, buses, cars, trucks, oil products.

According to the EEC, the groups of goods that are most exported from Russia to Vietnam (as of 2016) are:

mineral products;

Base metals and products from them;

Products of the chemical industry;

Machinery, equipment, transport;

Plastics and rubber;

Ready food products.

According to the Vietnam Customs Service in 2017, the top 10 imported goods include the following groups:

Machinery, equipment, machine tools, tools;

Computers, electronics, spare parts and other components;

Textiles, leather, footwear materials, auxiliary materials;

Phones, mobile phones, components;

Iron and steel;

• Oil products;

  Other base metals;

  plastic products;

  Chemical products.

Russian exporters should pay attention to what goods Vietnam needs to a greater extent and what niche can be filled. For example, in Vietnam there is a high demand for materials for the production of clothing and footwear, which at the moment are not the main export item from Russia to Vietnam.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eurasian Union (EAC), full title Eurasian Economic Union - the project of an alliance of sovereign states with a single political [source not specified 1112 days] , economic, military and customs space, supposed to be created on the basis of the union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus and relevant sectoral close integration structures of the CIS - EurAsEC, CES, CSTO, Customs Union.
History of the Eurasian Union project

In view of the collapse of the USSR at the end of the 20th century, there was a need among the public and a number of politicians in some former Soviet republics to restore close integration. At the beginning of the 21st century, the idea of ​​post-Soviet Eurasian integration and new Eurasianism became widespread again, and its most famous supporters and ideologists are: the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev, Russian President Vladimir Putin, philosophers and political scientists Alexander Dugin, Alexander Panarin, Sergey Gavrov, Kyrgyz writer Chingiz Aitmatov and many others.

For the first time, the need to create a Eurasian Union was written about in the 1920s and 1930s. XX-th century classical Eurasians - N. S. Trubetskoy, P. N. Savitsky and G. V. Vernadsky. They saw it as a gradual transformation of the Soviet Union into the Eurasian Union, by changing the communist ideology to the Eurasian one.

The first such detailed project of the Union of Soviet Republics of Europe and Asia - the European-Asian Union was proposed even before the collapse of the USSR by Academician A. D. Sakharov.

During the collapse of the USSR, another project to create a confederal Union of Sovereign States was not implemented, only a poorly integrated international (interstate) association of the Commonwealth of Independent States was created.

According to the following detailed draft in March 1994 by the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev it was assumed that at first the Eurasian Union would include five republics of the former USSR: Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. In the future, other states may join the Union - Armenia, Uzbekistan, Moldova, and also, possibly, self-proclaimed post-Soviet states - Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Russia and Belarus created first the Community, and then union state, however, the need for a wider such Union remained.

The process of creating sectoral integration structures of the CIS was dynamic, but the project of the Eurasian Union remained only on paper, until in December 2010 it was breathed new life into it at the EurAsEC summit. In the fall of 2011, the Eurasian Union project received a new impetus from the publication by the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin article "A new integration project for Eurasia - the future that is born today" (2011). Putin, and after him the leader of United Russia Boris Gryzlov, in the article “The Future is Ours” in Nezavisimaya Gazeta, argued that the creation of the Eurasian Union would allow Russia to become another world pole of influence.

2010

After the formation of the Customs Union in December 2010, at the EurAsEC summit in Moscow, agreements were reached on the creation of a Eurasian Union based on the CES of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. As the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev,

We agreed (not immediately and not without difficulty) to create a Eurasian Union with Kazakhstan and Belarus. A very important decision. Let's develop together.

Medvedev did not rule out the possibility of including Kyrgyzstan in the union:

Our new union and now the Common Economic Space - they will be open for other countries to join ... This means that we extend a hand of cooperation to our closest neighbors, our friends, thereby creating conditions for them to modernize the economy and improve the quality of life of people.

2011

The forward movement is intensive, we expect that next year we will sign a declaration of the Eurasian Union, which can and should begin its activities in 2013.

October 3, 2011 in the newspaper "Izvestia" appeared an article written personally Vladimir Putin. In it, the author discusses the creation of the Eurasian Union on the basis of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, "capable of becoming one of the poles of the modern world" .

I am convinced that the creation of the Eurasian Union, effective integration is the way that will allow its participants to take their rightful place in the complex world of the 21st century. Only together can our countries become leaders in global growth and civilizational progress, achieve success and prosperity. .

Moscow would like to create a single currency of the Eurasian Union with a single emission center.

October 19, 2011 heads of state Eurasian Economic Community decided to join Kyrgyzstan to Customs Union, which currently includes Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. This was announced during the meeting of the heads of the EurAsEC countries by the secretary general of the organization Tair Mansurov.

“Somewhere at the turn of 2015, if we act as energetically as we have worked so far, we can approach the implementation of the idea of ​​​​creating the Eurasian Union.”

On October 16, 2011, at a meeting of the Interstate Council of the Eurasian Economic Community (the supreme body of the Customs Union) at the level of heads of government, Kazakhstan blocks the name "Eurasian Union". The project of the union is sent for revision.

On October 24, 2011, the largest parliamentary communist party in Moldova called on the authorities to take a course towards joining the Eurasian Union without abandoning European integration.

November 18, 2011, in Moscow, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko and head of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev signed a declaration on Eurasian economic integration.

year 2012

On January 1, 2012, the Common Economic Space (CES) began to operate on the territory of the three member countries of the Customs Union. The CES integration agreements, adopted on November 18, 2011, will start working in full from July 2012. The purpose of the formation of the CES is to create conditions for the stable and effective development of the economies of the member states and improve the living standards of the population.

Following the creation of the Customs Union and the formation of the Common Economic Space, the partner states intend to start creating a supranational - Eurasian - parliament, said State Duma Chairman Sergei Naryshkin during a working visit to St. Petersburg.

In recent years, integration processes have been actively going on in the CIS, - he explained, - the Customs Union and the common economic space have already been created, which will become the basis for the formation of the future Eurasian Union.

The new supranational structure will require, according to Naryshkin, transparent and understandable economic and other legislation. However, those supranational bodies that are currently being formed or have already been created, for example, the Eurasian Economic Commission, "cannot and should not take on parliamentary tasks." It is up to the supranational parliament to decide them.

It is still premature to talk about the structure of the future legislative body of the Eurasian Union. According to preliminary data, work on its creation will begin with the formation of a special parliamentary commission in the State Duma, which will develop some kind of legislative procedure for the formation of a supranational parliament for Russia. In the future, it is planned to create a working group from among the Russian parliamentarians, which, together with colleagues from Belarus and Kazakhstan, will begin to develop comprehensive proposals on issues of a unified economic legislation for further discussion.

On September 18, 2012, the Mazhilismen of the Kazakh Parliament rejected the idea of ​​creating a single Eurasian Parliament. Maulen Ashimbayev, head of the Mazhilis committee on international affairs, defense and security, and Yerlan Karin, secretary of the Nur Otan NDP, voiced their principled position. Politicians said:

Despite all attempts to speed up the creation of supranational political structures, in reality, such a formulation of the issue is not and will not be on the general agenda. I will say even more - the creation of a supranational political structure cannot be discussed by us in principle, since this directly affects the sovereignty of our country. And the principle of sovereignty is clearly enshrined in the Constitution, and, moreover, according to the laws of our country, such issues cannot even be submitted to a national referendum.

At the moment, the Eurasian Dialogue discussion platform has been created at the European Club, which is designed to find future problematic moments in the creation of the Eurasian Union and, if possible, solve them.

November 4, 2012, National Unity Day, Eurasian Youth Union and the Eurasia Party announced the start of preparations for an all-Russian referendum on the creation of the Eurasian Union, which is scheduled for 2013. The Organizing Committee invited all public and political organizations of Russia to join the initiative, the collection of signatures in support of it has begun.

On December 19, 2012, adviser to the President of Russia Sergey Glazyev, announced that the issue of introducing a single currency within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union was discussed several times, but there is no positive decision yet. And then he made the following statement:

Within the framework of the Customs Union, the ruble naturally dominates. …
If we exclude the dollar and the euro, in which settlements are still carried out mainly for energy resources, the weight of the ruble in the mutual trade of the three states is about 90%. .

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced her intention to prevent the creation of a "new version of the Soviet Union" under the guise of economic integration. .

year 2013

The heads of the two states discussed the program of bilateral cooperation for 2013-2015, the progress in creating the Common Economic Space and progress towards the Eurasian Economic Union. The next contact between the two presidents will take place in autumn in Yekaterinburg during the traditional annual Forum of Border Regions. At this meeting, Nazarbayev said:

We have given instructions to prepare a new Friendship and Cooperation Treaty, and I hope we will sign it in Yekaterinburg this fall.

Vladimir Putin, in turn, noted that "the volume of our cooperation is very large, it is constantly growing and this is for the benefit of our economies, our peoples." "The countries have gained a very good integration experience," the Russian president stated.

Expansion history

Members

2013-2015

Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia

The three alleged first founding members of the Eurasian Union, which have the highest degree of integration in the CIS - Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus - completed by 2010 the creation Customs Union, by January 1, 2012 Common Economic Space.

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union.

List of member countries of the Customs Union in 2018

The EAEU ensures the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the conduct of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in the sectors of the economy.

The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.

The EAEU was created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies and creating conditions for stable development in order to improve the living standards of the population of the member states.

Customs Union of the EAEU

The Customs Union of the EAEU is a form of trade and economic integration of the participating countries, providing for a single customs territory, within which customs duties and economic restrictions are not applied in mutual trade in goods, with the exception of special protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures. At the same time, the member countries of the Customs Union apply uniform customs tariffs and other regulatory measures when trading with third countries.

The unified customs territory of the Customs Union consists of the territories of the member countries of the Customs Union, as well as artificial islands, installations, structures and other objects in respect of which the Member States of the Customs Union have exclusive jurisdiction.

Member countries of the Customs Union:

• Kazakhstan - from July 1, 2010
• Russia - from July 1, 2010
• Belarus - from July 6, 2010
• Armenia - since October 10, 2014
• Kyrgyzstan - since May 8, 2015

Officials of the member states of the Customs Union have repeatedly stated that they consider this organization as open to the entry of other countries. Negotiations are already underway with some countries to join the Customs Union, so it is likely that the territory of the Customs Union will be significantly expanded in the near future.

Technical regulation in the EAEU Customs Union

Technical regulation is one of the key elements of the integration of the member states of the Customs Union.

The mechanisms incorporated in technical regulation make it possible to eliminate numerous, in many cases artificially created, technical barriers to trade, which are a serious problem for business. This is facilitated by the legal framework created over the past few years, including thanks to the efforts of specialists from the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the framework of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Community, the following main international treaties have been adopted to date, designed to simplify the movement of goods on the territory of the member states:

• Agreement on the implementation of a coordinated policy in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on unified principles and rules of technical regulation;
• Agreement on the basics of harmonization of technical regulations;
• Agreement on the use of the Unified Mark of Products Circulation on the Market of the EAEU Member States;
• Agreement on the creation of an information system of the EAEU in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on the circulation of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity in the territory of the Customs Union;
• Agreement on mutual recognition of accreditation of certification bodies (conformity assessment) and testing laboratories (centers) performing work on conformity assessment.

You can get detailed information about technical regulation in the Customs Union of the EAEU from a specially prepared brochure prepared by specialists of the Eurasian Economic Commission:

Eurasian Economic Union

1. Participation in the work to improve the customs legislation of the EAEU, including the development and implementation of the provisions of the Customs Code of the EAEU

The main direction of cooperation between the customs services of the Member States Eurasian Economic Union(EAEU) at present is the improvement of the contractual and legal framework in the field of customs regulation.

From January 1, 2018, the Customs Code of the EAEU comes into force. The FCS of Russia is actively involved in the preparation of draft EEC decisions provided for by the new code.

The customs services of 5 countries are closely cooperating within the framework of the meetings of the Consultative Committee on Customs Regulation under the EEC, as well as in the work on the coordination of draft decisions of the EEC.

2. Participation in the work of the Joint Board of Customs Services of the Member States of the Customs Union

The Joint Board of Customs Services of the Member States of the Customs Union (hereinafter referred to as the Joint Board) coordinates the practical actions of the customs services of the EAEU Member States as part of the application of uniform principles of customs administration, acts as a platform for discussing and developing mutually acceptable unified solutions, as well as promptly resolving problems in the field of customs Affairs.

The Joint Board was formed in accordance with the Agreement between the governments of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation dated 06/22/2011. In 2015, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan joined the Treaty.

Chairman of the Joint Board - Head of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation.

The Deputy Chairmen of the Joint Board are the heads of customs services of all EAEU Member States.

The functions of the working apparatus - the Secretariat of the Joint Collegium - are performed by the customs service of the Russian Federation.

The main tasks of the Joint Board are:

– coordination of the activities of the customs services of countries within the framework of the EAEU;

— participation in the formation of a unified legal framework of the EAEU on customs matters insofar as it relates to the competence of national customs services;

— ensuring the uniform application of the customs legislation of the EAEU within its competence;

— ensuring a unified procedure for organizing customs clearance and customs control of goods and vehicles and facilitating the implementation of customs policy in the common customs territory of the EAEU.

Under the Joint Board, 9 working groups have been created in the most important areas of customs administration, including on the classification of goods, protection of intellectual property, on customs expertise and expert research, on the development of a risk management system in the customs authorities of the EAEU member states, on the development and application customs control after the release of goods, on issues of improving the procedure for administering customs and other payments collected by customs authorities, and other issues.

The creation of the Joint Board made it possible to effectively, promptly and on uniform principles solve a wide range of practical issues of the functioning of the Union, develop uniform customs technologies and apply them uniformly.

In 2017, 4 meetings of the Joint Board were held, as a result of which 99 decisions were made on issues of practical interaction between the customs services of the EAEU member states, simplification of customs administration and unity of law enforcement practice.

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The Customs Union, EAEU, is an agreement adopted by the members of the Eurasian Economic Union, the purpose of which is the abolition of customs duties in trade relations. Based on these agreements, common ways of carrying out economic activity are created. Let's find out which countries made the list in 2019.

The Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union or the Customs Union of the EAEU is the customs union of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Prior to the creation of the EAEU in 2015, it was a customs union of only three countries (Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan) from among the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Community - and thus was a Customs Union based on the Eurasian Economic Community, membership in which was optional for member countries EurAsEC. When the EAEU was created (unlike its predecessor, the EurAsEC), the common customs union became an integral part of the EAEU, and all EAEU member countries are automatically included in the Customs Union from the moment they join the EAEU. At the same time, the member countries of the Customs Union applied (before the formation of the EAEU on January 1, 2015) and continue to apply uniform customs tariffs and other regulatory measures in trade with third countries.

EAEU in 2019, list of countries

All countries of the customs area of ​​the EAEU apply a single, coordinated approach to customs procedures and goods imported and exported across the borders of the CU. Also, throughout the territory of the Customs Union, equal rights are assumed for citizens of the participating countries in employment.

Members of the Customs Union are currently members of the EAEU:

• Republic of Armenia;
• Republic of Belarus;
• The Republic of Kazakhstan;
• Republic of Kyrgyzstan;
• The Russian Federation.

Syria and Tunisia announced their intention to join the CU, and a proposal was made to admit Turkey to the Union. However, nothing is known about specific actions to implement these intentions.

EAEU-2019, who governs

One of the important goals of the Customs Union is the joint protection of the internal market of the Customs Union, as well as the creation of favorable conditions for the production and sale, first of all, of domestic products of the member countries of the Union. At this point, the program of mutual understanding between the states turned out to be somewhat less than in matters of mutual trade. Each country had its own priorities in the development of production, while protecting the interests of neighbors sometimes had a bad effect on importing enterprises and the population.

The governing and coordination bodies in the EAEU are:

• The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is a supranational body consisting of the heads of states of the EAEU members;
• The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent regulatory body of the EAEU. The competence of the EEC includes, among other things, issues of international trade and customs regulation.

It would be fair to say that the Customs Union is one of the stages of the plan to strengthen economic ties between some states on the territory of the former USSR. In a certain sense, this can be seen as the restoration of once existing economic and technological chains, taking into account new, political and economic realities.

An important aspect of the activities of the EAEU has become the system of centralized distribution of customs duties paid when crossing the borders of the Common Economic Space.

• Russia accounts for 85.33% of the total;
• Kazakhstan receives - 7.11%;
• Belarus - 4.55%;
• Kyrgyzstan - 1.9%;
• Armenia - 1.11%.

In addition, the CU has a mechanism for the coordinated collection and distribution of indirect taxes. Thus, in its current state, the Customs Union is a way of economic integration of the states that are members of the EAEU.

Official information about the Customs Union can be obtained from the website of the Eurasian Economic Union - eurasiancommission.org.