Technological map and presentation on the surrounding world on the topic "swamp and its inhabitants". Swamps - Inhabitants of the swamps: animals of the swamps Post the swamp and its inhabitants
Tolyatti
The swamp and its inhabitants.
Target: to introduce students to the animals of plants and swamps, their "professions" in the ecosystem; talk about the importance of swamps in human life.
Equipment: multimedia presentation, swamp ecosystem poster.
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment
2.Updating knowledge
What are you studying in class now? What is the theme
section? (ecosystems)
List the components of an ecosystem. (air, water, soil, rocks, producers, consumers, destroyers).
3.Checking homework
- What does the lake ecosystem look like? (two-story)
The "upper floor" consists of crustaceans, small organisms - plankton.
"Lower floor" - plants, fish, animals.
- What did you find out about the cycle of substances in the lake?
What does the black arrow indicate? (The cycle is not completely closed, so over time the lake turns into a swamp)
Output:
What is the topic of today's lesson?
Today in the lesson we will study the ecosystem of swamps.
What lake can turn into a swamp? (non-draining) - Why?
4. Co-discovery of knowledge
Everyone bypasses this place:
Here the earth is like dough.
Here sedge, tussocks, mosses.
No leg support.
Teacher : Bogs can form in low places where water accumulates and stagnates, the area becomes swampy. Also, swamps are formed in places of overgrown reservoirs. Each swamp is interesting in its own way, there are many of them.
- What do the names suggest?
- Consider on page 48 the process of overgrowing the lake.
Why are so many remains of dead organisms deposited at the bottom?
Teacher : Streams, rivers flowing into the lake, carry many grains of sand and small particles of soil. All this settles to the bottom of the lake. The bottom, filled with silt and debris, is getting higher. The overgrown lake turns into a swamp.
Work with the text of the textbook.
1) Independent reading of the text;
2) Answers to questions.
Alloy carpet - a continuous carpet of plants that are intertwined with each other by roots.
What kind of amazing moss-sphagnum plant is this you will learn from the text (p. 50).
Reading aloud.
What interesting things did you learn about this plant? ( herbarium demonstration)
During the war, doctors used moss instead of bandages and cotton. Moss pulled pus from wounds, disinfected them. So many Soviet soldiers were saved.
Physical education minute (breathing exercises “Blow out the candle”, visual gymnastics “Draw with eyes closed” are performed)
Teacher: Bogs have long frightened people, especially at night, when lights appear in the swamp, which run from place to place, disappear, and reappear. It was associated with evil spirits. And the bottom line is that when plants die, when they rot in damp soil and water, they release gas in portions. The gas comes out in bubbles - it flashes and goes out, giving the impression that it runs across.
As you know, each ecosystem has its own flora and fauna.
In many places in the swamps there are lakes of water where aquatic plants grow.
R OGOZ often called reeds. A plant with dark brown heads.
DUCKWEED, its small leaves reach the size of the nail of the little finger.
Ledum Its flowers contain a lot of essential oil with an intoxicating smell, so a peculiar aroma is often felt over the swamp.
SUNDEW- carnivorous plant. Its leaves are covered with hairs. On the hairs, liquid droplets look like small dewdrops. The liquid attracts insects, which land on the plant and stick to it. The leaf instantly closes, and the insect is digested, leaving only a hard cover and wings. This is how the sundew eats.
SWAMP MYRT(another name for CASSANDRA) Daughter of the king of Troy Priam, in ancient Greek mythology. She rejected Apollo's love and was punished. No one believed her predictions, although they always came true.
- Many berry plants grow in the swamps. They are edible and very useful.
CRANBERRY- an evergreen shrub with sour red berries, beneficial to health. Kissel, jam, compote, fruit drink are made from them.
BLUEBERRY- with dark green berries. Rich in vitamins, improves eyesight.
COWBERRY- an evergreen plant. Translated into Russian, it means "vine".
CLOUDBERRY- a good remedy for scurvy - gum disease.
BLUEBERRY- grows as a bush. The berries are blue, hence the name.
There are many insects in the swamps: mosquitoes, midges predators feed on them. DRAGONFLY, they are very voracious, they hunt in flight.
Another Predator – WATER STRETCH. Its body and paws are covered with hairs moistened with fat. The hairs do not get wet and form an air coat, so the water strider cannot be drowned. Runs fast for insects. Able to fly, but when completely dry. GLADYSH- flies at night.
FLOATING BEETLE- swims well.
They eat insects SNAPS, TOADS, FROGS. Meets here LIZARD, SNAIL.
- What is common in the appearance of a stork, crane, heron?
(Long legs, so that it is convenient to walk in the swamp. Good long beaks to get food. They all fly well. They feed on tadpoles, berries, insects).
Hiding in the reeds Kamyshovka(obsolete robin) eats insects, knows how to imitate other birds and even animals with a voice.
KULIK AND lapwing- eat insects.
Peculiar singing and partridges (listening to the voice of a partridge)
SWEDING OWL- one of the most useful birds. Feeds on rodents. Hunts in the morning and evening.
MARSH HARRIER- flies low to the ground. It feeds on fish, frogs, birds.
Sometimes hares, deer, wild boars, moose come to the swamps.
ELSE - love algae, even dive into the water for them.
Physical education minute (exercises to prevent scoliosis)
5.Primary fastening
1) - Now you need to apply your knowledge by completing the task.
Practical exercises p. 51 No. 3 (in a notebook)
Distribute the swamp dwellers.
We take a green pencil, we emphasize producers, red - consumers, brown - destroyers.
2) 
Let's make food chains using handouts - cards ( practical group work)
Power circuits:
Cranberry→partridge→harrier
Algae→crustaceans→crucian carp→pike
3)- And now independent work. Solve the crossword puzzle.
Name the "profession" of organisms that have a hard time in the swamp.
Let's check the crossword.
And the main question:
What is the significance of swamps for humans?
1) Extraction of peat.
2) Marshes soften the climate of the environment. Increase air humidity.
3) Marshes are reservoirs and regulators of fresh water of rivers.
Therefore, more than 150 swamps in our country are under protection.
(Back to SLIDE 4)
6.Summary of the lesson
What ecosystem are you familiar with?
What new and interesting things did you learn about the swamp?
What can you say about the circulation of substances in the swamp? (over time, the swamp can turn into a meadow, since the cycle is not completely closed)
Grades for class work and homework.
The swamp is an ideal habitat for certain animal species. But life in the wetlands is not as easy as it might seem, so the strongest and most adaptable living creatures live there. Depending on the territory, you can meet different representatives of the animal world.
Amphibious inhabitants of the swamps
The most prominent representatives of animals living in swamps are frogs, toads and newts.
Frog
Toad
Triton
Frogs simply adore wet patches of land, so swamps are the main habitat for amphibians. The size of individuals can vary from 8 mm to 32 cm (depending on the species). The main distinguishing features of frogs are the absence of a tail, short forelimbs, a head that is large in size and flat in shape, strong hind limbs that allow jumping over long distances.
Amphibians have excellent hearing, have large bulging eyes, with which they can view the world around them, sticking out only their eyes from the water. Most often, the inhabitants can be found on the shore or marsh lines.
Toads are very similar to frogs, but they lack teeth in the upper jaw. Their skin is dry and covered with warts. Amphibians of this type are nocturnal animals and live on land almost all the time.
Newts are very similar to lizards, but have smooth and moist skin. Their tail looks like a fish, and the body reaches a size of 10-20 cm. Lacking good eyesight, newts have an excellent sense of smell.
Reptile inhabitants of the swamps
This type of animal includes snakes, vipers and turtles. The first species grows up to 1.5 m in size, has scales with ribs and scutes. Most often, animals can be found in grassy swamps. The snakes are very voracious, their main delicacy is frogs and invertebrates.
Vipers prefer to live in the wettest areas of swamps. They rarely grow more than 65 cm and weigh about 180 g. Individuals have a flat, wide head, supraorbital shields, and a vertical pupil. The most beautiful and brightest are females. Reptiles have several venom-carrying teeth.
Bog turtles grow up to 38 cm in size, weighing up to 1.5 kg. Individuals have a small, round, slightly convex shell, sharp long claws are located on the fingers. Turtles have a long tail that acts as a rudder. They feed on animal larvae, fish fry, mollusks, worms, algae and other living creatures.
Viper
bog turtles
Mammal inhabitants of swamps
The most common mammals are muskrats and otters. The first ones look like a rat and grow up to 36 cm. They are slow on the ground, swim excellently in the water and can hold their breath for up to 17 minutes. With poor eyesight and smell, individuals rely on their excellent hearing.
Muskrat
Otter
Otters are one of the most beautiful animals in the swamps. They grow up to 1 meter and have excellent muscles. Individuals have small ears, a long tail, short legs and a thick neck.
swamp birds
The swamps are also home to many birds, including ptarmigans, short-eared owls, ducks, common cranes and sandpipers.
Partridge
The swamp is a natural community widespread in our country. Look at the physical map of Russia: what a significant area the swamps occupy. Wet place, hummocks, bog, reed thickets, rare bushes.
How was the swamp formed? Once upon a time there was a small lake in this place, which did not have a runoff, its banks were quickly overgrown with reeds and cattails. Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year, reeds and reeds grew, more and more protruded from the banks to the water, intertwined with stems, closing the water, mosses settled on the stems, they absorbed moisture and the water stagnated. Several decades passed, and the plants completely captured the lake and closed the water. Every year the thickets became thicker. And now a thick layer has formed almost to the very bottom. That is why, when you walk through the swamp, the bumps are so springy, your legs get stuck, just look - you will fail. Maybe the forest stream flowed slowly and gradually overgrown with herbs in the lowlands, or a spring spouted from the ground and soaked everything around with water. That's how water piggy banks appeared in these places - swamps.
A lot of water means that moisture-loving grasses and shrubs began to grow, and animals with birds settle down such as you can only see in the swamp. The surface of some swamps is densely covered with mosses. Especially a lot of water is able to absorb sphagnum moss, which means “sponge” in Greek (Fig. 2).
Sphagnum has a special ability to kill microbes. Therefore, the remains of dead organisms are not completely processed, they accumulate under a layer of moss, compact, and as a result, peat is formed - a combustible mineral. Peat thickness can reach 3-4 meters or more. It is on this peat cushion that other inhabitants of the swamp live. Peat is very saturated with water, and it contains almost no oxygen necessary for the respiration of the roots. Therefore, only a few plants can grow in swamps. Most often, wild rosemary, sedge, and cranberries settle on a thick carpet of moss (Fig. 3-5).
Rice. 3. Marsh rosemary ()
Among swamp plants, cranberries are especially valued. People have been collecting this healing berry for a long time. In addition to cranberries, other tasty berries grow in swamps: blueberries (Fig. 6), cloudberries.
Rice. 6. Blueberry ()
Such herbaceous plants as cotton grass, reed, calamus, bulrush and cattail have adapted to the swamps (Fig. 7, 8).
The cattail has large, dark brown heads that are densely built of raw hairs. Seeds ripen under the hairs, in autumn, when the seeds ripen, the hairs dry out and the head itself becomes very light. You touch it - and light fluff flies around you. On parachutes, cattail seeds scatter in different directions. Even in the last century, life jackets were made from this fluff. And a round packing fabric was made from the stalk of cattail.
Unusual plants are also found in the swamps. Sundew (Fig. 9) and pemphigus are predatory plants.
Sundew catches and eats insects. Insects are fast and mobile, how can this plant threaten them? The small leaves of sundew are covered with small hairs and droplets of sticky juice, similar to dew, which is why the plant was called sundew. The bright color of the leaves and droplets attract insects, but as soon as a mosquito or fly sits on a plant, it immediately sticks to it. The leaf shrinks, and its sticky hairs suck out all the juices from the insect. Why did the sundew turn into a predator plant? Because on poor marshy soils, it lacks nutrients. A day sundew is able to swallow and digest up to 25 mosquitoes.
In a similar way, the Venus flytrap catches prey (Fig. 10).
Rice. 10. Venus flytrap ()
It has leaflets that close like jaws when one touches the hairs on the surface of the leaves. Since these plants are rare, they need to be protected.
Another trap was invented by pemphigus, they named this plant for the sticky green bubbles that densely cover its thin, thread-like leaves (Fig. 11, 12).
Rice. 11. Vesicles of pemphigus ()
Rice. 12. Pemphigus ()
All the leaves of the plant are in water, there are no roots, and only a thin stalk with yellow flowers rises above the surface. The plant needs bubbles for hunting, and this grass hunts for aquatic inhabitants: small crustaceans, water fleas, ciliates. Each bubble is a cunningly arranged trap and at the same time a digestive organ. A special door closes the vial until some creature touches the hairs of this hole. Then the valve opens and the bubble sucks in the prey. You can't get out of the bubble, the valve, like a door to a room, opens only in one direction. Inside the bubble are glands that produce digestive juice. In this juice, the prey is dissolved and then absorbed by the plant. Bladderwort is very gluttonous. After about 20 minutes, the bubble is ready to capture a new victim.
How did the animals of the swamps adapt to life in wet places? Among the inhabitants of the swamps, a frog is known. The dampness helps the frogs keep their skin constantly moist, and the abundance of mosquitoes provides them with food. Beavers (Fig. 13), water rats settle on the swampy banks of the rivers, you can see the snake and the swamp viper.
Have you heard the saying: "Every sandpiper praises his swamp"? Kulik is a slender bird, similar to a seagull. This bird has protective plumage; with its long beak, the sandpiper finds mosquito larvae hiding there in the mud (Fig. 14).
Often in the swamps you can meet herons (Fig. 15) and cranes (Fig. 16), these birds have long and thin legs, this allows them to walk through the cold mud without falling through.
Herons and cranes feed on frogs, molluscs, worms, which are abundant in the swamp. White partridges love to feast on sweet berries in the swamp, and moose and roe deer like to eat juicy parts of plants.
In the evenings and nights, someone's roar is heard in the swamp, reminiscent of the roar of a bull. What people didn't say about it! As if the water one is screaming or the goblin quarreled with him. Who roars and laughs in the swamp? A small-sized bittern bird roars and hoots terribly (Fig. 17).
The bittern has a very loud cry, spreading for 2-3 kilometers in the vicinity. Bittern lives in reed beds, in reeds. Bittern hunts for crucians, perches, pikes, frogs and tadpoles. For hours, the bittern stands motionless in the thickets near the water and suddenly throws its beak, sharp as a dagger, with lightning speed - and the fish cannot escape. You start looking for a bittern in a swamp - and you will pass by. She will raise her beak vertically, stretch her neck, and you will never distinguish it from a bunch of dry grass or reeds.
But not only the bittern screams at night in the swamp. Here is a bird of prey eagle owl sitting on a branch. It is almost 80 centimeters long (Fig. 18).
This is a night robber and there is no salvation from him for either birds or rodents. This is how he laughs in the swamp when it gets dark.
Residents of swampy places sometimes at night can watch an amazing spectacle of many bluish lights dancing in the swamp. What is it? Researchers have not yet come to a consensus on this issue. Maybe it's swamp gas igniting. Its clouds will come to the surface and light up in the air.
People have been afraid of swamps for a long time. They sought to drain and use the land for pastures and fields, and thus thought that they were helping nature. Is it so? The swamp is of great benefit. First, it is a natural reservoir of fresh water. Streams flowing from swamps feed large rivers and lakes. When it rains, the mosses of the swamps absorb excess moisture like sponges. And in dry years they save water bodies from drying out. Therefore, often after draining the swamps, rivers and lakes become shallow. The Vasyugan swamp is one of the largest swamps in the world, its area is larger than that of Switzerland (Fig. 19).
Rice. 19. Vasyugan swamp ()
Located between the rivers Ob and Irtysh. The Vasyugan River originates in this swamp. Rivers such as the Volga, Dnieper, Moskva River also flow from swamps. Secondly, swamps are wonderful natural filters. The water in them passes through thickets of plants, a thick layer of peat and is freed from dust, harmful substances, pathogenic microbes. Clean water flows into the rivers from the swamps. Thirdly, valuable berry plants grow in swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries. They contain sugar, vitamins and minerals. Medicinal plants also grow in the swamps. For example, during the Great Patriotic War, sphagnum moss was used as a dressing for the rapid healing of wounds. Sundew is used to treat colds and coughs. In addition, the swamp is a natural peat factory, which is used both as a fuel and as a fertilizer.
Remember: you can not approach the wetlands and peat developments in the swamp! It is very dangerous.
Bears, deer, wild boars, elk, roe deer come to the swamps, which also find food for themselves here.
The swamp is the same necessary part of nature as forests and meadows, they also need to be protected. The destruction of swamps will lead to a change in nature on the entire planet. At present, 150 swamps of Russia have been taken under protection.
Today in the lesson you gained new knowledge about the swamp as a natural community and got to know its inhabitants.
Bibliography
- Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. World around 3. - M.: Ballas.
- Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around 3. - M .: Publishing house "Fedorov".
- Pleshakov A.A. The world around 3. - M .: Education.
- Biofile.ru ().
- Liveinternet.ru ().
- Animalworld.com.ua ().
Homework
- What is a swamp?
- Why can't swamps dry up?
- What animals can be found in the swamp?
The swamp is a natural community widespread in our country. Look at the physical map of Russia: what a significant area the swamps occupy. Wet place, hummocks, bog, reed thickets, rare bushes.
How was the swamp formed? Once upon a time there was a small lake in this place, which did not have a runoff, its banks were quickly overgrown with reeds and cattails. Water lilies and lilies rose from the bottom. Every year, reeds and reeds grew, more and more protruded from the banks to the water, intertwined with stems, closing the water, mosses settled on the stems, they absorbed moisture and the water stagnated. Several decades passed, and the plants completely captured the lake and closed the water. Every year the thickets became thicker. And now a thick layer has formed almost to the very bottom. That is why, when you walk through the swamp, the bumps are so springy, your legs get stuck, just look - you will fail. Maybe the forest stream flowed slowly and gradually overgrown with herbs in the lowlands, or a spring spouted from the ground and soaked everything around with water. That's how water piggy banks appeared in these places - swamps.
A lot of water means that moisture-loving grasses and shrubs began to grow, and animals with birds settle down such as you can only see in the swamp. The surface of some swamps is densely covered with mosses. Especially a lot of water is able to absorb sphagnum moss, which means “sponge” in Greek (Fig. 2).
Sphagnum has a special ability to kill microbes. Therefore, the remains of dead organisms are not completely processed, they accumulate under a layer of moss, compact, and as a result, peat is formed - a combustible mineral. Peat thickness can reach 3-4 meters or more. It is on this peat cushion that other inhabitants of the swamp live. Peat is very saturated with water, and it contains almost no oxygen necessary for the respiration of the roots. Therefore, only a few plants can grow in swamps. Most often, wild rosemary, sedge, and cranberries settle on a thick carpet of moss (Fig. 3-5).
Rice. 3. Marsh rosemary ()
Among swamp plants, cranberries are especially valued. People have been collecting this healing berry for a long time. In addition to cranberries, other tasty berries grow in swamps: blueberries (Fig. 6), cloudberries.
Rice. 6. Blueberry ()
Such herbaceous plants as cotton grass, reed, calamus, bulrush and cattail have adapted to the swamps (Fig. 7, 8).
The cattail has large, dark brown heads that are densely built of raw hairs. Seeds ripen under the hairs, in autumn, when the seeds ripen, the hairs dry out and the head itself becomes very light. You touch it - and light fluff flies around you. On parachutes, cattail seeds scatter in different directions. Even in the last century, life jackets were made from this fluff. And a round packing fabric was made from the stalk of cattail.
Unusual plants are also found in the swamps. Sundew (Fig. 9) and pemphigus are predatory plants.
Sundew catches and eats insects. Insects are fast and mobile, how can this plant threaten them? The small leaves of sundew are covered with small hairs and droplets of sticky juice, similar to dew, which is why the plant was called sundew. The bright color of the leaves and droplets attract insects, but as soon as a mosquito or fly sits on a plant, it immediately sticks to it. The leaf shrinks, and its sticky hairs suck out all the juices from the insect. Why did the sundew turn into a predator plant? Because on poor marshy soils, it lacks nutrients. A day sundew is able to swallow and digest up to 25 mosquitoes.
In a similar way, the Venus flytrap catches prey (Fig. 10).
Rice. 10. Venus flytrap ()
It has leaflets that close like jaws when one touches the hairs on the surface of the leaves. Since these plants are rare, they need to be protected.
Another trap was invented by pemphigus, they named this plant for the sticky green bubbles that densely cover its thin, thread-like leaves (Fig. 11, 12).
Rice. 11. Vesicles of pemphigus ()
Rice. 12. Pemphigus ()
All the leaves of the plant are in water, there are no roots, and only a thin stalk with yellow flowers rises above the surface. The plant needs bubbles for hunting, and this grass hunts for aquatic inhabitants: small crustaceans, water fleas, ciliates. Each bubble is a cunningly arranged trap and at the same time a digestive organ. A special door closes the vial until some creature touches the hairs of this hole. Then the valve opens and the bubble sucks in the prey. You can't get out of the bubble, the valve, like a door to a room, opens only in one direction. Inside the bubble are glands that produce digestive juice. In this juice, the prey is dissolved and then absorbed by the plant. Bladderwort is very gluttonous. After about 20 minutes, the bubble is ready to capture a new victim.
How did the animals of the swamps adapt to life in wet places? Among the inhabitants of the swamps, a frog is known. The dampness helps the frogs keep their skin constantly moist, and the abundance of mosquitoes provides them with food. Beavers (Fig. 13), water rats settle on the swampy banks of the rivers, you can see the snake and the swamp viper.
Have you heard the saying: "Every sandpiper praises his swamp"? Kulik is a slender bird, similar to a seagull. This bird has protective plumage; with its long beak, the sandpiper finds mosquito larvae hiding there in the mud (Fig. 14).
Often in the swamps you can meet herons (Fig. 15) and cranes (Fig. 16), these birds have long and thin legs, this allows them to walk through the cold mud without falling through.
Herons and cranes feed on frogs, molluscs, worms, which are abundant in the swamp. White partridges love to feast on sweet berries in the swamp, and moose and roe deer like to eat juicy parts of plants.
In the evenings and nights, someone's roar is heard in the swamp, reminiscent of the roar of a bull. What people didn't say about it! As if the water one is screaming or the goblin quarreled with him. Who roars and laughs in the swamp? A small-sized bittern bird roars and hoots terribly (Fig. 17).
The bittern has a very loud cry, spreading for 2-3 kilometers in the vicinity. Bittern lives in reed beds, in reeds. Bittern hunts for crucians, perches, pikes, frogs and tadpoles. For hours, the bittern stands motionless in the thickets near the water and suddenly throws its beak, sharp as a dagger, with lightning speed - and the fish cannot escape. You start looking for a bittern in a swamp - and you will pass by. She will raise her beak vertically, stretch her neck, and you will never distinguish it from a bunch of dry grass or reeds.
But not only the bittern screams at night in the swamp. Here is a bird of prey eagle owl sitting on a branch. It is almost 80 centimeters long (Fig. 18).
This is a night robber and there is no salvation from him for either birds or rodents. This is how he laughs in the swamp when it gets dark.
Residents of swampy places sometimes at night can watch an amazing spectacle of many bluish lights dancing in the swamp. What is it? Researchers have not yet come to a consensus on this issue. Maybe it's swamp gas igniting. Its clouds will come to the surface and light up in the air.
People have been afraid of swamps for a long time. They sought to drain and use the land for pastures and fields, and thus thought that they were helping nature. Is it so? The swamp is of great benefit. First, it is a natural reservoir of fresh water. Streams flowing from swamps feed large rivers and lakes. When it rains, the mosses of the swamps absorb excess moisture like sponges. And in dry years they save water bodies from drying out. Therefore, often after draining the swamps, rivers and lakes become shallow. The Vasyugan swamp is one of the largest swamps in the world, its area is larger than that of Switzerland (Fig. 19).
Rice. 19. Vasyugan swamp ()
Located between the rivers Ob and Irtysh. The Vasyugan River originates in this swamp. Rivers such as the Volga, Dnieper, Moskva River also flow from swamps. Secondly, swamps are wonderful natural filters. The water in them passes through thickets of plants, a thick layer of peat and is freed from dust, harmful substances, pathogenic microbes. Clean water flows into the rivers from the swamps. Thirdly, valuable berry plants grow in swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries. They contain sugar, vitamins and minerals. Medicinal plants also grow in the swamps. For example, during the Great Patriotic War, sphagnum moss was used as a dressing for the rapid healing of wounds. Sundew is used to treat colds and coughs. In addition, the swamp is a natural peat factory, which is used both as a fuel and as a fertilizer.
Remember: you can not approach the wetlands and peat developments in the swamp! It is very dangerous.
Bears, deer, wild boars, elk, roe deer come to the swamps, which also find food for themselves here.
The swamp is the same necessary part of nature as forests and meadows, they also need to be protected. The destruction of swamps will lead to a change in nature on the entire planet. At present, 150 swamps of Russia have been taken under protection.
Today in the lesson you gained new knowledge about the swamp as a natural community and got to know its inhabitants.
Bibliography
- Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. World around 3. - M.: Ballas.
- Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around 3. - M .: Publishing house "Fedorov".
- Pleshakov A.A. The world around 3. - M .: Education.
- Biofile.ru ().
- Liveinternet.ru ().
- Animalworld.com.ua ().
Homework
- What is a swamp?
- Why can't swamps dry up?
- What animals can be found in the swamp?
MBOU "Secondary School No. 29 with in-depth study of individual subjects"
Teacher: Kubikova Galina Alexandrovna
Reading lesson 3rd grade B
Subject: Swamp and its inhabitants.
Lesson Objectives:
1.Educational:
To form an idea of the natural community and ecosystem;
To consolidate the concept of the importance of favorable natural conditions for the life of organisms;
Show the differences between natural and artificial natural communities;
2.Developing:
To teach to systematize, highlight the main and essential, establish cause-and-effect relationships; promote the development of imagination;
To teach to formulate the objectives of the lesson, to use the subject language, to correctly express one's thoughts;
Develop search and information skills: work with textbooks;
Develop educational and organizational skills: organize yourself to complete the task, exercise self-control and introspection of educational activities;
Contribute to the development of communication
3.Educational:
To form a cognitive interest in the subject through the use of non-standard forms of education and the creation of a situation of success;
To form a culture of communication, a stable positive attitude towards kindness, as a valuable attitude towards the living world;
Develop the habit of disciplined behavior, instill the ability to act according to conscience;
To form the value of empathy for the successes and failures of comrades;
To instill love for wildlife, to form a stable positive attitude towards every living organism on Earth
Cognitive UUD:
To acquaint with the swamp as a natural community;
Generalize and systematize knowledge about the swamp;
Compare your options;
Learn, search and highlight the necessary information in the text;
Learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships based on micro-research;
Describe, on the basis of an illustration or a proposed plan, the studied objects and phenomena of wildlife, highlight their main essential features, highlight the new;
Use textbook dictionary
Personal UUD:
Work on the development of educational and cognitive motives;
Work on the formation of a reflective attitude to learning;
Regulatory UUD:
Learn to set goals for future work;
Learn to distinguish between different types of learning tasks;
To learn to control their learning activities, to detect and correct errors, to exercise control;
Learn to evaluate yourself and your comrades
Communicative UUD:
Improve the ability to work in pairs, in a group;
To teach to carry out educational cooperation;
Learn to work as consultants, provide mutual assistance in the course of the assignment
During the classes
1. Org. moment:
Good afternoon, young thinkers. I am glad to see your smart and kind faces. Please sit down.
2. Actualization of students' knowledge:
Name a major topic we are studying.
3. Repetition of the past:
What is a natural community?
What natural communities do we know?
4. Checking homework
A) Take a test that will show how well the topic is learned:
Test on the topic "Natural community - lake" Grade 3 PNSh
1. Lakes are located:
a) on top of a mountain
b) on the plain;
c) in the recesses of the land
2. Plants grow on lakes:
a) wheat, bindweed, plantain;
b) water lily, elodea, cattail, duckweed
3. Animal world of lakes:
a) roach daphnia, perch, crayfish, pike;
b) mole, jay, stag beetle
4. Food chains are:
a) a chain of transformations that begins with the same substance;
b) a chain of living organisms eating each other;
c) gold chain
5. Artificial reservoirs include:
a) streams, key, lake;
b) rivers, seas, oceans;
c) ponds, reservoirs, canals
CHECK (SLIDE #1) (C B A B C)
Do you guys disagree with something?
Guys, what does a drainless reservoir turn into: a lake or a pond?
(Children's guesses)
6. Guessing the riddle:
Everyone bypasses this place
Here the earth is like dough,
There are sedges, hummocks, mosses…
No leg support.
(SLIDE #2)
7. Statement of a problem question:
Determine the topic of our lesson
What would you like to know about "Swamp"?
The lesson plan is posted:
one). Natural community - swamp
2). Bog flora
3). Fauna of swamps
4).Power circuit
8. Filling out the self-assessment sheet at the beginning of the lesson
Do you have enough knowledge and ideas on this topic?
9. Acquaintance with the lexical meaning of the word "bog" according to Ozhegov's dictionary:
The swamp is a widespread natural community in our country.
Swamps and wetlands occupy a very large area in Russia, approximately 2 million square meters. (SLIDE #3).
Guys, show on the map the territory occupied by swamps.
How do you think swamps form?
10. Work on the anthology pp. 105-106. Reading the text "Where do swamps come from?"
So how do swamps form? Are there swamps in our area?
What will you tell on the slides about the vegetation of the swamps? (SLIDE #4)
In the swamp, we can see all the floors of plants: trees, shrubs, herbs, mushrooms, mosses.
What trees are found in swamps?
Why is there poor vegetation in swamps?
Swampy soil has few humus-forming bacteria, so there is not a wide variety of plants. On nutrient-poor marshy soil, an amazing plant spreads like a fresh green carpet. What kind of plant is this, we will try to find out by guessing the riddle (SLIDE ABOUT MOSS No. 5)
11. Guessing a riddle:
Soft, not fluff, green, not grass.
What do you know about moss?
Practical work:
Examine the sphagnum moss, use a magnifying glass
(SLIDE #6)
Message about moss Kravchenko Valeria:
This is one of the most ancient plants; instead of roots, they have small outgrowths with which they are attached to the soil. What seems to us to be leaves, moss actually has its branches, on which leaf scales are located. Mosses do not bloom, they reproduce by spores. Mosses are green all year round. When drought sets in, sphagnum moss turns white. But as soon as it rains, it turns green again. Moss can go without water for several years. Even moss from a herbarium can sometimes be revived by giving it water to drink.
Where do you think moss can be used?
(It is used in construction. In villages, when laying log houses, it is laid between logs to warm the home. During the war, doctors used moss instead of bandages and cotton wool. Moss pulled pus from wounds, disinfected them. So many Soviet soldiers were saved. Turns into peat , and peat is fuel).
Teacher:
Among the moss, there are thin stalks of cotton grass with white tufts of “cotton wool” at the top. (SLIDE №7 cotton grass)
Arrowhead, sedge, wild rosemary, heather, calamus marsh, valerian, string are found in the swamps. All of these are medicinal plants. (SLIDE #8, #9)
But the most amazing swamp plant is the sundew.
Let's explore the word "dew". What did you see? (SLIDE №10 + video)
Pustoutova Maria's message about the sundew:
Sundew and pemphigus are amazing carnivorous plants. Sundew leaves are covered with hairs. On the hairs are droplets of liquid, similar to small droplets, dewdrops. Hence the name of the plant. An insect will sit on a leaf and stick. The sheet is closed. The insect is digested, leaving a hard chitinous cover and wings. This is how the sundew eats.
What do you think, why only in the swamps comes across a species of plants - predators?
(In nature, everything is reasonable: there are few substances needed by plants in water - they are washed away and carried away by water. Here is a sundew and gets them from insect organisms.)
Name the berries that grow in the swamp? (Slide number 11)
What are the characteristics of these plants?
(These are undersized shrubs, the roots spread along the surface, they do not go deep. The leaves are of a special shape, often narrow, hard.)
Why do shrubs grow poorly in a swamp?
(Due to high humidity, unstable footing)
There are many berry bushes in the swamp. Name them. But the main berry of the swamps is cranberries.
But about blueberries, the people made up a saying: "In a house where blueberries are eaten, the doctor has nothing to do."
How do you understand this proverb?
In the swamps white partridges eat sweet berries, roe deer eat juicy parts of plants.
And what other animals can live in a natural community - a swamp?
(Few animals live in swamps, but only those that feel good among tussocks, swamp grasses, bogs. A swamp for them is both a reliable shelter and a place where you can feed and breed. Among the inhabitants of the swamps there are amphibians: snakes, newts, frogs, water rats, beavers, etc. Many insects. Birds live.)
Think about how many suitable food for animals in this community?
(There are many plants, but they are rough, tasteless, and it’s even difficult to walk. Moose occasionally come here. They are not afraid of marshy places, as they have long legs. Moose love algae, they can dive for them.)
See what animals are found in the swamp?
What birds can be seen here?
What do these birds have in common?
(They all have long legs - it's more convenient to walk in the swamp. Long beaks - help them get food out of the water. They all fly, and ducks also swim.)
Lots of other interesting birds.
Message about the sandpiper (Nazimov Ivan) (SLIDE No. 12)
Message about the bittern (Mishina Alina)
12. Drawing up food chains (SLIDE No. 13)
The words are given: mosquito, sundew, snake, flowering plant, frog, heron.
13. The result of the lesson.
What benefits does a swamp provide for a person? (SLIDE #14)
14. Fill out the self-assessment sheet.
15. House. assignment: teacher pp. 83-85, notebook No. 30
16. Parable
Where do swamps come from (a parable for children and adults)
She noticed the lake that little by little turns into a pond, and prayed:
People! People, clear me quickly!
But people balked:
Nothing, we have enough pond!
I saw a pond that it began to become a swamp, and asked:
Help before it's too late!
Again, the people did not listen to him.
And soon, indeed, the former lake-pond turned into a swamp.
Now people walked around him, got bogged down, (some drowned) and were indignant:
And where do swamps come from?
ADD TO THIS:
AND NOT ONLY ON EARTH, BUT ALSO IN HUMAN SOULS.