Winter. Winter months. Winter phenomena of nature. Winter signs about the weather. Phenomena in inanimate nature Phenomena that occur in inanimate nature

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in autumn, winter, spring and summer: description.

Autumn is the golden season that comes right after the hot and sunny summer. Little children notice dramatic changes, both in the weather and in their attitude towards themselves. With the onset of autumn, the scorching rays of the sun replace rainy days, the trees begin to shed their leaves, and the grass turns yellow. Thus, nature prepares for the onset of cold weather and winter.

Autumn signs of autumn in living and inanimate nature: a list

For many schoolchildren, autumn is associated with the beginning of a new school year, at this time the children meet with their friends and classmates, and dressed in school uniforms go to get new knowledge.

Here are some signs that autumn is coming:

• Surely the kids noticed when autumn came, the sun had gone somewhere, and the sky was covered with clouds. Even in sunny weather, it's not so warm outside (you can tell from the way people start to dress). Light T-shirts and dresses are replaced by jackets and jeans, and with the onset of October-December, many wear coats and jackets.
• Despite the fact that the summer is hot, of course, there is windy weather. But she is more pleased, because when a warm breeze blows, it refreshes. But strong gusts of wind in autumn are no longer so pleasant, because a cold wind blows with such force that it tears leaves from trees.
• Autumn is characterized by frequent fogs, and mothers begin to monitor weather changes, because in autumn the weather often changes, and it is very important to dress correctly at such a time, because. it's very easy to get sick. By the way, with climate change, many children begin to get colds, which is rare in summer.
• The coming autumn can be seen by plants, for example, how grapes or currants turn red, chestnuts and many other trees and shrubs turn yellow. In September, it is already possible to collect fallen maple leaves. Often they make an application or various bouquets. But it is impossible to determine the onset of the autumn period from coniferous trees, because such trees are green both in summer and in winter.

• You can determine the change in the weather by observing the animals. For example, most birds hide from the cold by flying away to warmer climes. Of course, there are those who are not afraid of the cold - these are pigeons, crows and sparrows. But heat-loving birds, sensing the onset of rainy autumn, immediately fly away with their chicks far to the south.
• There are animals that hibernate, such as the bear, raccoon, badger, hedgehog and many others, especially those that live in minks. Hare, fox and squirrels change their color, so it is easier for them to disguise themselves from predators. As you know, squirrels are very thrifty - therefore, they prepare a lot of nuts and acorns for the winter, which they will feed on throughout all the cold weather. And they collect food in the fall, when nuts and acorns ripen. This can also be observed.
• Annoying flies, mosquitoes and many insects also hide with the onset of the slightest cold.
• Why is the day getting shorter? This also characterizes autumn. If the sun sets earlier than usual, then you should expect the onset of cold days. This is a sign of autumn in inanimate nature.
• As winter approaches, frost can be seen in the mornings. These are small particles of dew that have frozen on the leaves and surfaces in an uneven prickly layer.
• Even ice occurs in autumn, this often happens at the end of November, when the air temperature shows minus values. By this time, people are already wearing hats, gloves and scarves. The weather promises that winter is already “on the nose”.

Autumn is a very bright and beautiful time of the year, the roads are covered with a golden “blanket”, you can watch beautiful landscapes and over how the birds fly away to warmer climes. Despite the fact that rainy weather reigns in autumn, this gives us the opportunity to observe the beauty of nature.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in autumn: description of observations

On the territory of our country, one can often observe changes in the weather and nature, which “adjusts” to the upcoming changes. Many phenomena that we observe are connected precisely with the seasons and therefore are called seasonal. One of the most beautiful times of the year is autumn.

During this period, nature is painted with golden colors, all animals and plants are preparing for the cold winter, and you can observe amazing changes and phenomena. Autumn is characterized by the following main changes:

• fogs. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the earth heats up during the day, and at night the temperature is already below zero, so fog, dew and even frost are observed at sunrise.
• Shower. Autumn is associated precisely with rainy weather, and it is during this period that heavy rains are observed - in other words, a downpour
• Wind. It is in autumn that you can encounter, going outside, with strong gusts of wind, which are often accompanied by rain or even hail.
• It gets dark earlier
• Cloudy weather
• On ponds and puddles you can observe thin ice, but it is very dangerous to become, and even more so to play on it, it is better to wait for winter
• The onset of winter can also be characterized as an "Indian" summer. During this period, a heavy milky fog descends on the earth, which fills the air with dampness.
• At the end of autumn, rainy weather is diluted with a slight snowfall, after which there is often ice.

This is a characteristic of inanimate nature, which can be observed in autumn, but changes in wildlife include:

• Animals such as fox, squirrel and hare change their color
• Many animals hibernate at the end of autumn
• Birds fly to warmer climes
• Insects also hide from the cold weather, you will no longer meet butterflies and ladybugs, you will not hear the whistle of grasshoppers, bees do not buzz and do not pollinate plants, mosquitoes and flies are also becoming less common.
• Leaf fall. This is the first sign that golden autumn is coming. Castings turn yellow, and with a strong gust of wind, trees and shrubs are freed from them. All roads are covered with a beautiful golden carpet

Autumn is a wonderful time of the year that prepares nature and people for a cold frosty winter. This time gives us a break from the hot and stuffy summer days. But the first ones who begin to respond to climate change are plants. Berries and vegetables are fully ripe, and the trees are dressed in golden foliage.

Winter signs of winter in wildlife and inanimate nature: a list

In anticipation of the New Year, many children know that the luxurious season of the year has come - winter. Gifts, a holiday and Santa Claus with the Snow Maiden are not all indicators that winter has come. Of course, it comes a month earlier - on December 1st. This is a fabulous time when you can play snowballs and sculpt a Snowman, we see amazing drawings on the windows, and beautiful snowy weather outside.

In anticipation of the onset of winter, we are all waiting for a fairy tale, fulfillment of desires and magic. This is how we associate cold winter. But these are far from all the indicators by which one can determine the onset of such a wonderful period:

• First, everyone dress warmly enough. A down jacket or a fur coat serves as outerwear, people put on warm gloves and hats, and even in "fierce" weather - huge scarves and thermal underwear. It is very important to dress as warmly as possible in such cold weather, because it is easy to catch a cold and miss all the winter holidays.
• Snowfalls are also the main characteristic of the winter time period.
• The winter sky is quite heavy and seems to hang right overhead. Moisture and frosty freshness soars in the air
• Ice. Walking or driving in winter is very dangerous, for convenience, many people put on snowshoes, and cars “change shoes” into winter tires. After all, it is very easy to slip, and worse - to hurt your leg or arm.

• If a strong wind blows and snow falls, then a blizzard is obtained. Watching such weather from the window is very exciting, but if you get caught in a strong wind with snow, it’s quite unpleasant
• As children, we all loved icicles very much. And this is another sign of winter. In other words, an icicle is a cone-shaped piece of people that can most often be found on the roofs of houses or trees.
• Animals, birds and insects, unfortunately, can be found very rarely, because birds fly to warmer climes, animals hibernate, and insects hide from the severe frosts that are typical for winter
• Days are much shorter than nights

Despite the cold temperatures and blizzards, winter is a wonderful time, many games can only be played thanks to the snow that only falls in winter. Skiing, sledding, snowboarding, playing snowballs or sculpting various figures from the snow - these are very exciting and developing activities that are possible only in winter. Therefore, winter holidays should not be spent sitting at a computer monitor, but it is better to have a great free time with friends or family.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in winter: description of observations

Nature is everything that surrounds and is created by human hands. Conventionally, nature can be divided into living and non-living. The first group includes plants, animals, fungi, humans, microbes. But to inanimate nature: the sun, air, stars, soil, precipitation, etc.

In winter, summer, autumn and spring, all phenomena change smoothly, and this is how we can determine the seasons of the seasons. Winter is the coldest time of the year, but also the most beautiful. In winter, the season of fun snowball fights opens, children ride slides and sleds, make a snowman, and most importantly, everyone is waiting for a fabulous New Year. Such time can be determined by the following signs:

• Snow is more common as precipitation. Snowflakes fall to the ground both independently and in flakes. And also only in winter you can see snowfall - this is heavy snowfall
• Blizzard and blizzard
• Ice. Of course, all kids love to skate, but this activity is quite dangerous, so you can play on ice only when accompanied by adults.
• Icicles can be found on the roofs of houses and tree branches. Therefore, you need to be careful, and it is better not to walk under the houses, because if the temperature gets higher, the icicle can easily melt and fall.
• Santa Claus decorates windows with beautiful patterns
• All rivers and lakes are covered with a thick layer of ice, which is called freezing.

In wildlife, you can find such changes:

• Many animals change color, such as the hare, squirrel and fox
• Bears and hedgehogs hibernate
• Bullfinches and tits arrive, which replace the main part of the birds
• People dress in warm clothes

When the snow begins to melt, and the patterns from the windows disappear, the sun begins to heat up warmer, and the days become longer - then winter begins to gradually move into another season - spring. What other signs of the spring season are described in the next paragraph.

Spring signs of spring in wildlife and inanimate nature: a list

Spring is associated with new life, because during this period the earth wakes up from hibernation, nature begins to bloom, the first still completely green petals and bunches appear. This is the most beautiful time, the sun is clearer and the sky is clear, and freshness soars in the air.

It is very easy to understand exactly when spring begins, there are a large number of phenomena and processes that characterize such a season, for example:

• The first green flowers appear
• Animals wake up from hibernation
• Bunnies, squirrels and chanterelles again change the color of their coats, so they disguise themselves as the environment. Many animals begin to shed
• Buds appear, and from them - flowers
• Hear the singing of birds that return from warm lands
• Spring is the time for the birth of a new generation of animals
• The birds are starting to nest

From inanimate nature:

• The first is snowmelt.
• The streams begin to murmur
• There is practically no thunderstorm in winter, but in spring you can encounter such a phenomenon.
• Ice drift - this phenomenon occurs because the ice begins to melt and moves smoothly along the rivers

If you follow what people are doing, you can also see changes. Spring is considered the time of cleaning, because after winter it is worth cleaning your house. Also, preparations are underway for planting a garden, especially if a person lives in a rural area.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in spring: description of observations

After a cold winter, everyone is looking forward to warm days. Literally from the very first days of spring, the sun's rays begin to warm up, and at the same time flowers appear, the grass turns green, trees spread bunches, birds begin to sing. In other words, the Earth comes to life again and wakes up.

• The first sign is that the snow is melting. Icicles are melting and little by little beautiful patterns disappear from the windows.
• The day is getting longer.
• If in winter there are often leaden clouds, and the sky is gray and dull, then in spring the sky is already becoming lighter, the clouds disperse and the sky becomes clear and clear.
• Plants also respond to the arrival of spring and demonstrate this by the appearance of green leaves, buds, spruce and alder open young cones. Gradually, flowers bloom, bees and other insects appear.

• Spring is also associated with fluffy willow cats, they are carried to church on Palm Sunday. Also, one of the most important holidays of spring is March 8th. This is International Women's Day, and flowers such as tulips are considered a symbol.
• The birds fly home again, and you can hear it in the beautiful singing. Swallows begin to build nests and have offspring.
• Animals change their warm outfit for a lighter one. At the same time, the color of the wool itself.
• People also change their wardrobe, they hide fur coats, warm hats and boots until the next winter.

There are also more exciting activities in Vienna, for example, closer to the May holidays, many go fishing, pick mushrooms, start frying kebabs and have a lot of outdoor recreation, enjoying the beautiful nature.

Summer signs of summer in animate and inanimate nature: a list

Of course, all children know when summer begins, because. After a hard school year, the long-awaited summer holidays are coming. That is why summer is the most favorite time of the year. Many go to visit their grandmothers or to a resort with their parents. The sea, the beach and a lot of fun - every child expects. But this is not the only indicator that summer has come, there are also such changes in living and inanimate nature, for example:

• Weather. The wind is dry, the temperature is high, so even the nights in summer are quite warm. But if the day is very hot, and the sky is clear as a tear, at one moment it may rain with a thunderstorm, after which you can often see a rainbow
• Dew can be found on leaves and grass in the morning
• Wind can be strong with variable gusts and frequent direction changes

The hot days of summer are diluted by rainy weather, and summer rain is divided into several types:

1. Ordinary
2. Short-term. It is also called blind or mushroom, accompanied by sunny weather
3. Stormy. Starts suddenly. A large amount of water falls out in a very short time. Accompanied by wind and thunder
4. Gradient. Along with drops of water, particles of hail also fall out. They flow powerfully and quickly, which, as a result, negatively affects agriculture

• Grass is bright green
• Berries and fruits ripen in summer, flowers bloom
• Already at the beginning of summer, you can pick mushrooms after rain

In summer, people dress lightly enough, wearing sunglasses and hats that protect them from the hot sun. In agriculture, summer is a very important period, agronomists and landowners work the soil, look after their garden, pick berries and preserve for the winter.

Objects and phenomena of animate and inanimate nature in summer: description of observations

According to the textbook "The World Around", children starting from the second grade can get acquainted with various anomalies and changes in the environment. All these changes smoothly change with the seasons of the year, so they are often called seasonal.

The main objects and phenomena that can be found in summer are:

• Hot weather
• Strong gusts of warm wind
• Rains after which you can pick mushrooms
• Thunder is a sound phenomenon that is often accompanied by lightning.
• After the rain comes a rainbow
• In the morning you can see the phenomenon of dew
• Plants are dressed in green petals, they smell like flowers, and the fruits ripen
• Birds chirping, bees buzzing and crickets chirping
• The day is longer than the night, and you can watch the beautiful stars through the transparent and clear sky.

Each season of the year is unique and beautiful in its own way:

• In autumn, all nature, plants, animals and people prepare for the cold. Trees turn yellow and shed their leaves, animals stock up for the winter, change color, and some prepare for hibernation. Birds fly away to warmer climes, and insects hide. People take out warm clothes and umbrellas, collect ripened fruits and wait for frosts.
• Winter is the time for a snow-white fairy tale, and fun games in the snow. The entire surface of the earth is covered with a thick layer of snow and ice. Children and adults with the beginning of winter are looking forward to the New Year holidays.
• In spring, the earth wakes up from its winter sleep, everything around blooms, and a fresh aroma soars in the air. The birds return, the animals also change their coats and crawl out of their holes and continue their offspring. You can already meet insects, birds and midges. And people are slowly planting vegetable gardens and orchards and preparing for the hot summer.
• Summer is my favorite time of the year. long-awaited holidays begin. Finally, you can enjoy warm days, soak up the sun and swim in the sea. Already at the beginning of summer, you can savor delicious berries and fruits. In summer, you can pick mushrooms, go to the forest for flowers and relax in the fresh air.

Video: Living and inanimate nature - objects and phenomena, educational for children

Irina Vederina
Abstract of the lesson on familiarization with nature "Winter phenomena in nature"

Target: creating conditions for expanding children's understanding of winter phenomena in nature. Tasks:

Educational.

Fix with children the signs of winter, seasonal changes in nature, connected with winter period; exercise in the selection of definitions for a given word.

Activate vocabulary (blizzard, hoarfrost, snowfall, etc.).

Learn to gain knowledge about the properties of snow in the process of experimental activities.

Developing.

Develop children's ability to give detailed answers, develop children's imagination skills.

Develop cognitive activity, creation.

nurturing:

Cultivate love for nature, interest in learning nature.

materials: plates with snow, napkins.

GCD progress:

1. Motivational and incentive stage.

Guys, do you like to solve riddles? Listen carefully:

What is a miracle cover?

At night everything suddenly became white.

Do not see roads and rivers -

Furry covered them. (snow).

Dropped out of the white cloud

And she came into our arms.

This snow fluff

Silver. (Snowflake).

The snow turned blue from the cold,

There is white frost on the trees.

Even Bobik hides his nose

After all, it's on the street. (freezing).

Frozen sorcerer

Both lakes and streams.

I breathed cold, and now -

Not water in the stream, but. (ice)

Puddles frozen in the yard

The whole day the snow is circling,

Became white at home.

It came to us. (winter).

That's right, it's winter. Winter is a magical, fabulous time of the year.

2. The main part. Organizational-search stage.

Reading a story from N. Vinogradova's book "Mystery stories about nature» : « winter brothers» .

I'll tell you about winter brothers. There are three of them. They are very similar and yet not the same.

Second, middle winter brother starts the new year. At his command, the cold is fierce, the frosts are cracking, the snow creaks underfoot. He paints the windows with different patterns. Passers-by are in a hurry, they are afraid of his pranks - he can frostbite his cheeks, nose, ears. When the second brother arrives, the weather is clear, there is not a cloud in the sky, and the prickly needles of dry snowflakes sparkle in the frosty air. Third, junior winter brother loves blizzards, snowstorms, strong winds. Hard frosts occur only at night, and during the day the sun begins to warm. On the sunny side, the snow melts, covered with a shiny crust. The third brother also likes snow, but his snow is not the same as the second brother: a fluffy snowball is flashing, spinning, as if dandelions are flying.

Guess which brothers-months are mentioned in the story? What are they called?

Riddles about winter months:

Name it guys

The moon is in this mystery.

His days are shorter than all days,

All nights are longer than nights.

To fields and meadows

Until spring, snow fell.

Only our month will pass -

We are celebrating the New Year.

(December)

Pinches ears, pinches nose,

Frost creeps into boots.

You splash water, it falls

Not water already, but ice.

Not even a bird can fly:

The bird freezes from the cold.

Turned the sun to summer

What, say, for a month is this?

(January)

Snow falls in bags from the sky,

There are snowdrifts from the house.

That snowstorms and snowstorms

They attacked the village.

The frost is strong at night

During the day, a drop is heard ringing.

The day has grown noticeably

Well, so what month is it?

(February)

Well done, you guessed right!

Story about winter months: December, January and February.

In the old days, the month of December was called "jelly". December bridges, December nails, December nails. Trees and shrubs stand without leaves, snow lies on bare branches, and pine and spruce remain green as before. In December, the days are short, the nights are long, it gets dark early, and sometimes there is a severe frost. At the very end of December, children and adults prepare for the New Year.

January. The month of January was called "Lute". "The month of January is the sovereign of winter"- so the people called him. In January, snowdrifts are high, frost draws amazing patterns on the windows. In January, the feast of the Nativity of Christ is celebrated. The kids have a lot of fun this month.

February is the last winter month. Strong winds blow this month, snowstorms and blizzards sweep high snowdrifts. In the old days they called February "Snowfall". In February, the days get longer and the sun starts to warm up. This month there are thaws, the snow melts and becomes sticky. From such sticky snow you can sculpt snow figures, play snowballs. At the end of February, people say goodbye to winter and celebrate Maslenitsa. This is a celebration of meeting the sun. On this day, everyone bakes pancakes, because they look like the sun, they are just as round and ruddy.

Fizkultminutka.

It’s frosty outside (Children slap their hands on their shoulders and

So that the nose does not freeze, stomp their feet)

Gotta stomp your feet

And clap your hands.

Snowflakes are falling from the sky (Children raise their hands above their heads and make

Like a fairytale picture. grasping movements, as if catching) snowflakes.

Let's catch them with our hands

And show mom at home.

And all around are snowdrifts, (Sipping - arms to the sides).

Snow covered the roads.

Do not get stuck in the field so that (Walking in place with high knees).

Raise your legs higher.

We go, we go, we go (Walking in place).

And we come to our house. (Children sit in their seats).

Didactic game "Choose a Word"

Guys, winter months offer you an interesting game. You need to name as many words as possible that answer the questions: Which? Which?

Winter (Which)

Children: snowy, frosty, cold

Snowflake (Which)

Children: beautiful, light, fluffy

Christmas tree (Which)

Children: beautiful, elegant, green, fragrant, New Year's, real, forest

Wind (Which)

Children: strong, scary, cold

Snowfall (Which)

Children: strong, beautiful, light

Blizzard (Which)

Children: snowy, strong, terrible, ferocious, howling.

Frost (Which)

Children: silver, light, delicate, white, shiny.

Well done boys! Did a great job!

Experimentation « Winter phenomena in nature» .

Guys, look carefully at the snow in the plates. What color is the snow? Does it have an odor? (children's answers).

Watch. What is happening to him? (melting). Why did the snow start to melt? (It is warm inside the kindergarten, the air temperature is higher than outside).

What was the water after melting snow: clean, transparent or cloudy, has particles of dust, dirt? (Water after the snow melts becomes dirty, as it contains various impurities from dust and dirt).

Reading a poem by A. Brodsky "Freezing":

Invisible, carefully

He comes to me

And draws like an artist

He patterns on the window.

This is maple and this is willow

Here is the palm tree in front of me.

How beautifully he draws

White paint alone!

I look - do not come off

Twig lines are gentle!

And the artist is happy to try,

You don't even need brushes.

What patterns does frost draw on the window?

3. Reflexive-corrective stage.

Guess one more riddle:

Troika, Troika has arrived,

The horses in that trio are white,

And in the sleigh sits the queen,

Belokosa, white-faced.

How she waved her sleeve

All covered with silver.

(Winter and winter months) .

What did we talk about lesson? (About winter, winter months) .

name winter months.

About what winter phenomena we spoke?

Guys, what did we do on lesson? (Guessed riddles, played games, observed snowmelt).

Do you want to play snowballs and build a snowman? (Yes). Then it's time for us to go for a walk!

Elena Novikova
Synopsis of the GCD "Winter phenomena in inanimate nature."

Topic: Winter phenomena in inanimate nature.

Target: Stimulate children's curiosity, the desire to study more deeply the phenomenon of nature (the properties of snow, support the manifestation of children's interest in experimentation, research.

Program content:

1. To form elementary ideas about the change in the position of the Earth relative to the Sun; an idea of ​​​​snow and its properties (snow melts in warmth, snow is not transparent, snow is white, snow has no smell).

2. Teach children to analyze, draw conclusions in the process of experimentation.

3. Activate speech through words: crust, water vapor, snow groats, magnifying glass, experiment. To improve the ability of children to answer the questions posed by the content of the story

4. Develop thinking, interest in winter natural phenomena, the desire to actively learn and act.

6. Wellness: a health-saving approach to educational activities.

preliminary work

1. Considering paintings on a winter theme

2. Reading poems about winter, snowflakes.

3. Observation of falling snow, snowflakes, playing with snow on walks.

4. Drawing snowflakes.

5. Cutting out snowflakes from napkins.

Materials and equipment

Dem. - models of planets (Sun and Earth); visual models of snowflakes with the designation of snow properties;

Sec. - disposable plates for snow (each table has a deep and flat plate, snow, magnifiers according to the number of children, half a cut apple on a napkin, a disposable spoon, three containers of water, circles of different colors, napkins and a towel.

Methodical methods: research method; problem statement and its resolution; modeling; reading fiction using the information-receptive method aimed at organizing the perception of children remembering information; musical accompaniment; imitation of movements; reflective method.

The course of directly educational activities

The teacher says: Guys, listen to the poem carefully and tell me if everything is correct in it.

"The days are getting shorter

The sun shines little.

Here comes the frost

And SPRING has arrived!

Educator: Guys, do you know why winter is coming?

Children:.

caregiver (summarizes children's answers) You and I know that our Earth is a planet, and it rotates around its axis, this is how our globe is turning now, and now imagine that it is the sun, and so the earth also rotates around the sun, like this. And now let's imagine that our planet is divided into four parts, spring will definitely come on the first, summer on the second, autumn on the third and winter on the fourth. The one, the barrels of the earth that she put closest to the warm sun, heats up the most - it’s summer here, in winter, of course, the sun also shines, only during the three winter months the sun is farthest from the earth, so it heats less. This makes the winter colder, the days shorter and the nights longer.

Educator: And what happens in winter? One of the signs of winter is snow falling from the sky. Educator: There is such a story by Vladimir Arkhangelsky

"Snow fluffs are flying." Do you want to listen to it?

Children's answers.

Conversation with children on the content of the read story.

What kind of snowballs are we talking about?

What were the snowflakes like? ("Flower with six petals", "Asterisk with six rays")

Where have the scientists been? (in the clouds)

What did they see there? (they saw how snowflakes form)

What is a snowflake? (this is a frozen drop of water vapor)

How is crust formed? (hard crust on snow)

Who has a hard time moving around? Why?

And why does the hare rush along the crust like on a parquet?

Physical education "Winter sleep"

Quietly, quietly singing a fairy tale,

Winter swims at dusk (running in a circle on toes)

Covering with a warm blanket

Land and trees and houses.

Light snow swirls over the fields,

At midnight the stars fall from the sky.

Lowering furry eyelashes,

A dense forest slumbers in silence.

Golden owls sleep on Christmas trees

In the fabulous glow of the moon.

Snowdrifts sleep on the edge of the forest

Like big snow elephants.

Everything changes shape and color

Extinguish the windows of sleepy houses.

And, winter telling tales

Falls asleep slowly.

Educator: Want to learn more about snow. Imagine those that you are scientists-researchers. And who are scientists? Let's sit at the tables. We will find out what kind of snow and what are its properties. And our assistant will be a special device for research. Find it on your tables, what is this device called? (magnifier). What is a magnifying glass? (magnifying glass). What else do you see on the tables? (children's answers)

Educator: Guys, in the morning I brought snow to the group, but what happened to the snow? (melted) Why? (a snowflake with the image of 1 property is attached to the board, a drop of water is drawn on the snowflake: the snow melts in warmth). How are we going to explore the snow now? Where can we get it? (we will ask to bring a second caregiver using the magic word "please").Let's take a magnifying glass and carefully examine the melted snow. What do you see? (dirty water). Guys, why is the water dirty? (bring snow) Let's touch the snow, what does it feel like? (cold).Guys, I saw that some children eat snow. Are they doing the right thing? Why? Can you eat snow? (no, snow is cold and can be muddy).

Teacher: Let's do an experiment. You have geometric shapes under flat plates, name them (circle, square). What color are they? Put one circle on an empty plate, we will put snow on top, and lower the other into the water. Where is cool visible, and where not? Why? (2 snowflakes are attached to the board: the snow is opaque - a closed eye is drawn)

Educator: Compare: what color is the water and snow (snow is white, water is colorless) And what else is white? (3 snowflakes are attached: white snow - cotton wool in the center of the snowflake).

Educator: Guys, how do you know if the snow smells? (need to sniff). Let's smell the apple first, which apple? (fragrant, fragrant). And now the snow (snow has no smell) (4 snowflakes are attached: snow has no smell - a nose is drawn on the snowflake)

Educator: Well done! You showed me so many experiences, and now I want to show you one more experience. Look, I have three jars. Pour cold water into one (the child is invited to check the temperature of the water, (cold). Let's pour warm water into the second one, but how do we get warm water, what water should be poured first: hot or cold, why? (cold then hot). In the third jar I will pour hot. In three jars, I will lower the snow at the same time. For this I need an assistant. Where did the snow melt faster and where slower? Conclusions. (the warmer the water, the faster the snow melted, the speed of snow melting depends on the temperature of the water).

Educator: Guys, now let's remember what properties snow has? (at the end of each experiment, snowflakes with the properties of snow were attached to the board). Draws the attention of children to the fact that snow is frozen droplets of water vapor. We know that snow turns into water, I have two drops, one is smiling, the other is sad, if you liked our educational activities, take a smiling drop, if not, a sad one.

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Changes are constantly taking place in nature and weather, sometimes it snows, sometimes it rains, sometimes the sun bakes, sometimes clouds appear. All these are called natural phenomena or phenomena of nature. Natural phenomena are changes that occur in nature regardless of the will of man. Many natural phenomena are associated with the change of seasons (seasons), so they are called seasonal. For each season, and we have 4 of them - this is spring, summer, autumn, winter, its natural and weather phenomena are characteristic. Nature is usually divided into living (these are animals and plants) and non-living. Therefore, phenomena are also divided into phenomena of living nature and phenomena of inanimate nature. Of course, these phenomena intersect, but some of them are especially characteristic of a particular season.

In the spring, after a long winter, the sun warms up more and more, ice drifts on the river, thawed patches appear on the ground, buds swell, the first green grass grows. The day is getting longer and the night is getting shorter. It is getting warmer. Migratory birds begin their journey to the regions where they will raise their chicks.

What natural phenomena occur in spring?

Snowmelt. As more heat comes from the Sun, the snow begins to melt. The air around is filled with the murmur of streams, which can provoke the onset of floods - a clear sign of spring.

thawed patches. They appear wherever the snow cover was thinner and where more sun fell on it. It is the appearance of thawed patches that indicates that winter has given up its rights, and spring has begun. The first greenery quickly breaks through the thawed patches; on them you can find the first spring flowers - snowdrops. Snow will lie in crevices and depressions for a long time, but on the hills and in the fields it melts quickly, exposing the land islands to the warm sun.

Frost. It was warm and suddenly it froze - frost appeared on the branches and wires. These are frozen crystals of moisture.

Ice drift. In spring it becomes warmer, the ice crust on rivers and lakes begins to crack, and gradually the ice melts. Moreover, there is more water in the reservoirs, it carries the ice floes downstream - this is an ice drift.

High water. Streams of melted snow flow from everywhere to the rivers, they fill the reservoirs, the water overflows the banks.

Thermal winds. The sun gradually warms the earth, and at night it begins to give off this heat, winds are formed. While they are still weak and unstable, but the warmer it gets around, the more the air masses move. Such winds are called thermal, they are typical for the spring season.

Rain. The first spring rain is cold, but not as cold as snow :)

Thunderstorm. At the end of May, the first thunderstorm can thunder. Not as strong yet, but bright. Thunderstorms are discharges of electricity in the atmosphere. Thunderstorms often occur when warm air is displaced and lifted by cold fronts.

Grad. This is a drop from a cloud of ice balls. Hail can be anything from a tiny pea to a hen's egg, and then it can even break through the windshield of a car!

These are all examples of inanimate phenomena.

Flowering is a spring phenomenon of wildlife. The first buds on the trees appear in late April - early May. The grass has already broken through its green stems, and the trees are getting ready to put on green clothes. The leaves will bloom quickly and suddenly, and the first flowers are about to bloom, exposing their centers to awakened insects. Summer will come soon.

In summer, the grass turns green, flowers bloom, leaves turn green on the trees, you can swim in the river. The sun warms well, it can be very hot. Summer is the longest day and the shortest night of the year. Berries and fruits ripen, the harvest ripens.

In summer, there are natural phenomena, such as:

Rain. In the air, water vapor is supercooled, forming clouds consisting of millions of small ice crystals. The low temperature in the air, below zero degrees, leads to the growth of crystals and to the weight of frozen drops, which melt in the lower part of the cloud and fall in the form of raindrops to the surface of the earth. In summer, the rain is usually warm, it helps to water the forests and fields. Thunderstorms often accompany summer rain. If it rains and the sun shines at the same time, they say that it is "Mushroom rain". Such rain happens when the cloud is small and does not cover the sun.

Heat. In summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the Earth more vertically and heat its surface more intensively. And at night, the earth's surface gives off heat to the atmosphere. Therefore, in summer it is hot during the day and sometimes even at night.

Rainbow. Occurs in an atmosphere with high humidity, often after rain or thunderstorms. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon of nature, for the observer it appears as a multi-colored arc. When the sun's rays are refracted in water droplets, an optical distortion occurs, which consists in the deviation of different colors, the white color is divided into a spectrum of colors in the form of a multi-colored rainbow.

Flowering begins in spring and continues all summer.

In autumn, you no longer run outside in a T-shirt and shorts. It gets colder, the leaves turn yellow, fall off, migratory birds fly away, insects disappear from sight.

Autumn is characterized by such natural phenomena:

Leaf fall. As plants and trees go through their year-round cycle, they shed their leaves in the fall, exposing their bark and branches, preparing for hibernation. Why does a tree get rid of leaves? So that the fallen snow does not break the branches. Even before the leaf fall, the leaves of the trees dry, turn yellow or redden and, gradually, the wind throws the leaves to the ground, forming a leaf fall. This is an autumn phenomenon of wildlife.

fogs. The earth and water are still heated during the day, but in the evening it is already getting colder, fog appears. At high humidity, for example, after rain or in a damp, cool season, the cooled air turns into small droplets of water hovering above the ground - this is fog.

Dew. These are droplets of water from the air that have fallen in the morning on the grass and leaves. During the night, the air cools down, the water vapor that is in the air comes into contact with the surface of the earth, grass, tree leaves and settles in the form of water droplets. On cold nights, the dew drops freeze, causing it to turn into frost.

Shower. It's heavy, torrential rain.

Wind. This is the movement of air currents. In autumn and winter the wind is especially cold.

As in spring, there is frost in autumn. This means that there is a slight frost on the street - frost.

Fog, dew, downpour, wind, hoarfrost, frost - autumn phenomena of inanimate nature.

In winter it snows and it gets cold. Rivers and lakes are frozen over. In winter, the longest nights and shortest days, it gets dark early. The sun hardly heats up.

Thus, the phenomena of inanimate nature characteristic of winter are:

Snowfall is the fall of snow.

Blizzard. It's snowfall with wind. Being outdoors in a snowstorm is dangerous, it increases the risk of hypothermia. A strong blizzard can even knock you down.

Freezing is the formation of a crust of ice on the surface of the water. The ice will last all winter until spring, until the snow melts and the spring ice drifts.

Another natural phenomenon - clouds - happens at any time of the year. Clouds are water droplets that have collected in the atmosphere. Water, evaporating on the ground, turns into steam, then, together with warm air currents, rises above the ground. So water is transported over long distances, the water cycle is ensured in nature.

Unusual natural phenomena

There are also very rare, unusual natural phenomena, such as the northern lights, ball lightning, tornadoes and even fish rain. One way or another, such examples of the manifestation of inanimate natural forces cause both surprise and, at times, alarm, because many of them can harm a person.

Now you know a lot about natural phenomena and you can accurately find those characteristic of a particular season :)

The materials have been prepared for a lesson on the subject of the World around us in grade 2, the Perspective and School of Russia (Pleshakov) programs, but will be useful to any primary school teacher, and parents of preschoolers and younger students in home schooling.

Winter is a harsh time, especially in the northern latitudes of our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. Muddy November weather gives way to December frosts, fettering reservoirs, dressing the earth in a fluffy snow blanket. The days are getting shorter and the nights are dragging on in anticipation of the first ray of sunshine.

The most common natural phenomena in winter:

The shortest day falls on the period winter solstice. It is December 21st on the night of the 22nd. The shortest day and the longest night. From this time, the countdown begins and the daytime increases, reducing the nighttime.

Clouds sink lower, become heavy, gray from overflowing moisture. There is no lightness and accuracy in them, they cover the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. It is they who bring heavy snowfalls, covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

This is winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a dense blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, it crunches harder underfoot and pricks when touched.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes, with increasing intensity, the snow turns into blizzard- the most formidable winter phenomenon of nature. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He lifts the snow cover and carries it, dragging him along. In nature, a high and low snowstorm is distinguished depending on the redistribution of air masses. As a rule, strong snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the very peak of seasonal temperatures. It is on this natural phenomenon that the formation of a snowy landscape depends: the snow blown by the wind takes on bizarre forms of snowdrifts.

Frequent companion of winter weather - sleet. This is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature drop. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is ice that binds the entire area of ​​​​small streams, other sources of moisture, so it does not have to rain for it to appear.

If there are severe long frosts in winter, they fetter the deepest reservoirs, which freeze through to very decent depths, this is how freeze-up paralyzing shipping. The ice will break only with a strong warming, when the rays of the sun begin to warm up its firmament.

frosts are classified as natural hazards. They can be installed for a long time if a winter anticyclone dominates in the district. As a rule, abnormal frosts are a rare phenomenon. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage to agriculture and provoke an emergency, so all utilities are on alert in winter.

Another indispensable attribute of winter - icicle- a piece of ice cone-shaped, which hangs from any plane. During the day, the sun warms the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from its own weight and crumbles on impact with the ground.

It is with the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring as the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer and Frost patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the heated ground.