How did the Yugoslavs shoot down a stealth plane with a Soviet missile? (4 photos). Visible invisibles: the most famous stealth aircraft Accidents and disasters

ъBNEUFYFEMSH NYOYUFTB PVPTPOSCH yub RP oyplt h.rETTY (William J.Perry) CH RPMOPK NETE PGEOIM RTEINHEEUFCHB FEIOIL "UFEMS" EEE ABOUT LFBR YURSCHFBOYK NPDEMEK XST Y TEYM TBCHETOHFSH YYT PLHA RTPZTBNNH TBTBVPFLY NBMPUBNEFOSCHI BRRBTBFPCH. dMS KHULPTEOYS TBVPF ON PTZBOYPCHBM CH UETEDYOE 1977 Z. UELTEFOSHCHK "lURETYNEOFBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF" (iuPm), CH UPUFBCH LPFTPTPZP ChPYMY CHCHUYE CHPEOOSH THLPCHPDYFEMY. lPNYFEF VSHHM OBDEMEO VPMSHYYYNY RPMOPNPYUSNY, YuFP RPЪCHPMYMP YЪVETSBFSH VATPLTBFYUEULYI RTPCHPMPUEL Y DMYFEMSHOSHCHI RTPPGEDHT "DENPLTBFYUEULPZP" PVUKhTSDEOOK RMBOPCH TBV PF. UBN rETTY UFBM RTEDUEDBFEMEN LPNYFEFB Y RPMKHYUM RTBChP EDYOPMYUOPZP TEYEOYS CHUEI CHPRTPUPCH. RETCHSHCHN LTHROSHCHN RTPELFPN, LPFPTSCHK UBOLGYPOYTPCHBM iuPm, UFBMB TBTBVPFLB ABOUT PUOPCH XST UETYKOPZP FBLFYUEULPZP KHDBTOPZP UBNPMEFB F-117 RP UELTEFOPK RTPZTBNNE "UEOSHPT fTEOD" (Senior Trend). chFPTK RTPELF RTEDKHUNBFTYCHBM UP'DBOYE, (FBLCE ZHYTNPK "mPLIID") NBMPUBNEFOPK LTSHMBFPK TBLEFSCH RP RTPZTBNNE "UEOSHPT rTPN" (Senior Prom). tBVPFSH RP OEK VSHMY RTELTBEEOSH e LPOGE 1981 Z., F.L. TBLEFB OE CHNEEBMBUSH H PFUELY CHPPTHTSEOYS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB h-1h, B ЪBFEN CHPЪPVOPCHMEOSCH, OP HCE ABOUT ZHYTNE "dTSEOETBM dBKONYLU". h YFPZE RPSCHYMBUSH LTSHMBFBS TBLEFB ACM (Advanced Cruise Missile). fTEFSHEK UFBMB RTPZTBNNB UFTBFEZYUUEULPZP VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB bfch (CH DBMSHOEKYEN - part-2), TEBMYBGYEK LPFPTPK ЪBOSMBUSH ZHYTNB "opTFTPR".

lPOFTBLF ABOUT TBTBVPFLH F-117 np uyb ЪBLMAYUYMP U "mPLIID" 16 OPSVTS 1978 Z. h YYUMP ZBTBOFYTPCHBOOSCHI ZHTNPK IBTBLFETYUFYL VSHMY CHLMAYUEOSCH: DBMSHOPUFSH RPMEFB, FPYuOP UFSH VPNVPNEFBOYS Y CHEMYYUB rt. oEULPMSHLP UFTBOOBS DMS VPECHPZP UBNPMEFB chchu uyb YODELUBGYS "OECHYDINLY" - F-117 (CH UBNPN DEME, RPYENKH OE F-19 YMY F-21?) VSHMB PVHUMPCHMEOB CHUE FPK CE UELTEFOPUFSHA TBVPF . fTEIOBYUOSCH YODELUSCH RPMKHYUBMY NBOYOSCH, P LPFPTSCHI VSHMP OE RTYOSFP TBURPTPUFTBOSFSHUS CH REYUBFY. fBL, YURSHCHFSHCHBCHYYEUS CH BNETYLE UPCHEFULYE YUFTEVYFEMY NYZ-17 RTPPIPDYMY CH DPLHNEOFBI REOFBZPOB LBL F-113, B NYZ-21 YNEOPCHBMYUSH F-114.

CHOEYOE F-117 RTPPELFYTPCHBMUS RPIPTSYN ABOUT "ICH VMA", PFMYUBSUSH RTETSDE CHUEZP KHCHEMYUEOOOSCHNY TBNETBNY, LTSHMPN NEOSHYEK UFTEMPCHYDOPUFYY TBCHBMPN CHETFYLBMSHOPZP PRETEOYS OBTCHTS H. (lBL RPLBЪBMY RPMEFSCH "ICH VMA", OBLMPOOOOSCH CHOKHTSH LYMY, LLTBOITHS CHSHCHIPDOSHCHUPRUMB DCHYZBFEMEK PF OBVMADEOYS UCHETIKH, CH FP TSE CHTENS PFTBTSBAF FERMPCHPK RPFPL CHOY). pDOBLP TEBMSHOSHE TBMYUYS NETSDH NBYOBNY PLBBBMYUSH ZPTBBDDP VPMEE UKHEEUFCHEOOSCHNY. UCHSBOP UFP VSHMP U FEN, YuFP RTY TBTBVPFLE "OECHYDYNLY" CHRETCHSCHE H YUFPTYY RTEUMEDPCHBMBUSH GEMSH UOYFSH CHUE VEYULMAYUEOYS DENBULYTHAEYE ZBLFPTSCH UBNPMEFB: UR PUPVOPUFSH PFTTBTSBFSH TBDYPMPLBGYPOOPE PVMKHYUEOYE, UBNPNH YMKHYUBFSH BMELFTPNBZOYFOSCH CHPMOSCH, YЪDBCHBFSH ЪCHHL, PUFBCHMSFSH DSHNOSHCHK Y YOCHETUIPOOSCHK UMEDSH, VSHCHFSH ЪB NEFOSCHN H YOZHTBLTBUOPN Y CHYDYNPN DYBRBBOBBI. rTY LFPN BLGEOFSH VSHMY UDEMBOSCH ABOUT UOYTSEOYY TBDIPMPLBGYPOOPK Y YOZHTBLTBOOPK ЪBNEFOPUFY, B FBLCE ABOUT RTEDPFCHTBEEOOY MAVSHHI UPVUFCHEOOSHI YOMHYUEOYK. dms bfpzp state of emergency CHTENS RPMEFB CH TETSYNE "UFEME" CHUE VPTFPCHSHCHE TBDYPUCHSOSCH KHUFTPKUFCHB, PFCHEFUYL "UCHPK-YUKHTSPK" Y TBDYPCHSHCHUPFPNET DPMTSOSCH VShchFSH PFLMAYUEOSHCH, B OBCHYZBGYPOOBS U YUFENB Y CHUE PVPTHDPHBOYE DMS RPYULB GEMY Y RTYNEOOYS PTHTSYS - TBVPFBFSH CH RBUUYCHOPN TETSINE. edYOUFCHEOOPE YULMAYUEOYE -MBYETOBS RPDUCHEFLB GEMY, OP POB DPMTSOB CHLMAYUBFSHUS ABOUT PUEOSH LPTPFLPE CHTENS HCE CH IPDE BFBLY. CHUE LFP CH UPYUEFBOY Y RTPVMENOPK BTPDYOBNYLPK, B FBLCE RTDPDMSHOPK UFBFYUEULPK Y RHFECHPK OEKHUFPKYUYCHPUFSHA CHAMP L PZTPNOPNH FEIOYUUEULPNH TYULH, Y YUFPVSH IPFSH LBL- FP EZP UOYFSH, LPOUFTHLFPTSCH YURPMSHЪPCHBMY ABOUT F-117 TSD RTPCHETEOOSCHI BMENEOFPCH HCE UKHEEUFCHHAEYI UBNPMEFPCH. fBL, DCHYZBFEMY Y NOPZPE YЪ RTYVPTOPZP PVPTHDPHBOYS CHSMY PF F/A-18, UYUFENKH KHRTBCHMEOYS Y BMENEOFSH TSDB DTHZYI UYUFEN - PF F-16, LPE-YuFP RETELPUECHBMP ABOUT "UFEMA" " DBCE U VPMEE UFBTSCHI NBYO -SR-71, f-33 , u-130 Y DTHZYI.

zhBUEFPYUOSCH ZHTTNSHCH, TEBMYPCHBOOSCH BTIYFELFHTE UBNPMEFB, PVEUREYUYCHBAF PUOPCHOKHA DPMA - DP 90% - UOTSEOYS rt. rTPYUIPDYF LFP ЪB UUEF PFTBTSEOYS RPCHETIOPUFSNY RMBOETB TBDYPMPLBGYPOOSHI MKHUEK CHCHETI Y CHOY, BOE CH OBRTBCHMEOYS ABOUT PVMKHYUBAEHA tmu. dMS LFPZP VPMSHYOUFChP RPCHETIOPUFEK F-117 OBLMPOEOP RPD KHZMPN VPMEE 30° PF CHETFYLBMY, CHEDSH PVSHYUOP PVMKHYUEOYE MEFBFEMSHOPZP BRRBTBFB RPYULPCHSHNY TMU RTPYUIPDYF RPD RPMPZYN Y KHZMBNY. eUMY F-117 PVMKHYUBFSH U TBOSHI TBLKHTUPCH Y CHZMSOKHFSH ABOUT LBTFYOH PFTBTSEOYS UCHETIKH, FP PLBTSEFUS, YUFP OBYVPMEE UIMSHOSCH "ЪBKYUYLY" PF PUFTSCHI LTPNPL LPTRKHUB F-117 Y NEUF OBTHYEOYS OERTETSCHCHOPUFY PYYCHLY ULPOGEOFTYTPCHBOSHCH CHUEZP CH OEULPMSHLYI KHLYI UELFPTBY, B OE TBURTEDEMEOSH UTBCHOYFEMSHOP TBCHOPNETOP, LBL CH UMHYUBE PVSHYUOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH. rTPCHBMSH NETSDH LFYNY UELFPTBNY FTHDOPPPFMYYUNSH PF ZHPOPPCHPZP YKHNB, B UBNY UELFPTB OBUFPMSHLP KHLY, YUFP tmu OE NPTsEF YICHMEYUSH YI OYI DPUFBFPYuOPK YOZHPTNBGY Y. pTYEOFBGYS PUOPCHOSHI UELFPTPCH PRTEDEMSEFUS RPMPTSEOYSNY RETEDOEK Y ЪBDOEK LTNPPL BTPDOBNYUEULYI RPCHETIOPUFEK UBNPMEFB, LPFPTSCHESCHMSAFUS UBNSCHNY UYMSHOSHNY PFTBTSBFEMS NY. dTHZIE LPNRPEOFSH RMBOETB PTYEOFYTPCHBOSH FBLYN PVTBBPN, YuFPVSH PFTBTSEOYE PF OYI RTPYUIPDYMP UFTPZP CH PUOPCHOSHI UELFPTBY. CHUE EEMY RP LPOFKHTH UNPFTTCHSHI MALCH Y PRFYUEULYI PLPO, UPUMEOYS ZHPOBTTS LBVYOSCH Y ZHAYEMSTSB Y F.D. YNEAF OBLMBDLY U RYMPPVTBOPK LTPNLPC, UFChPTLY PFUELPCH YBUUY, DCHYZBFEMEK Y CHPPTHTSEOYS FBLCE YNEAF RYMPPVTBOSCH LTPNLY, RTYYUEN UFPTPOSCH ЪХВГПЧ PTYEOFYT PCHBOSHCH OBRTBCHMEOYY TSEMBENPZP UELFPTB. rTEDKHUNPFTEOP, YuFPVSH OH PDYO YUELFPTPCH YOFEOUYCHOPZP PFTBTSEOYS OE VSHM OBRTBCHMEO OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP CHREDED.

zhPOBTSH LBVYOSCH RYMPFB FBLCE YNEEF ZHBUEFPUOKHA ZHTNKH. ABOUT CHUE RSFSH RBOEMEK EZP PUFELMEOYS OBOEUEOP NOPZPUMPKOPE BMELFTPRTPCHPDSEEE ЪPMPFPPUPDETTSBEEE RPLTSCHFYE, RTEDOBOBYOOPE DMS RTEDPFCHTBEEOYS PVMHYUEOYS CHOKHFTYLBVYOOPZP PV PTHDPCHBOYS Y UOBTSSEOYS MEFUYLB -NYLTPZHPOB, YMENB, PYULPCH OPYUOPZP CHYDEOYS Y F.D. OBRTYNET, PFTBTSEOYE PF PDOPZP FPMSHLP YMENB NPTSEF VShchFSH OBNOPZP VPMSHYE, YUEN PF CHUEZP UBNPMEFB. chP'DKHIP'BVPTOYL "OECHYDYNLY" RTYLTSCHFSH UREGYBMSHOSCHNY TEYEFFLBNY U TB'NETBNY SUEEL, VMYOLYNY L RPMPCHYOE DMYOSCH CHPMOSCH TBDBTPCH, TBVPFBAEYI CH UBOFYNEFTPPCHPN DY BRBBPOE. xDEMSHOPE BMELFTYUUEULPE URPRTPFYCHMEOYE TEYEFPL PRFYNYYTPCHBOP DMS RPZMPEEOOYS TBDYPCHPMO, RTYYUEN POP KHCHEMYUYCHBEFUS RP ZMHVYOE TEYEFLY, YUFPVSH RTEDPFCHTBFYFSH ULBYU PL UPRTPFYCHMEOYS (LPFPTSCHK KHCHEMYUYCHBEF, PFTBTSEOYE) ABOUT ZTBOYG U CHPDDHIPN. rPDPVOSHCHN PVTBBPN ЪBEEYEEOSCH PF PVMHYUEOYS Y CHCHIMPROSCHE UPRMB DCHYZBFEMEK, B PUPVEOOPUFY LPOUFTHLGYY UCHSBOSCH U CHUSPLPK FENRETBFKHTPK CHSHCHIPDSEYI ZBBPCH. TBDYPUCHSOSCH BOFEOOSH Y DTHZIE YMKHYUBAEYE KHUFTPKUFCHB ABOUT RPCHETIOPUFY RMBOETB, OBRTYNET, BOFEOOSH UYUFENSCH ZPUPRPBOBCHBOYS, CHSHRPMOEEOSCH KHVYTBAEYNYUS. CHEUSH RMBOET RPLTSCHF TBDYPRPZMPEBAYYNY NBFETYBMBNY OEULPMSHLYI FYRPCH, OBOUEOOOSCHNY RP "PVPKOPK" FEIOMPMPZYY - RHFEN RTYLMEKLY YЪZPFPCHMEOOOSCHY YЪ OYI MEOF Y MYUFP Ch. CHOEYOYE RPCHETIOPUFY Y CHOKHFTEOOYE NEFBMMYYUEULYE BMENEOFSH UBNPMEFB CHSHLTBIYEOSCH ZHETTPNBZOYFOPK LTBULPK. EE YUETOSHCHK GCHEF OE FPMSHLP NBULITHEF "UFEME" CH OPYUOPN OEVE, OP Y URPUPVUFCHHEF TBUUEICHBOYA FERMB. h YFPZE ьrt UBNPMEFB F-117 RTY PVMKHYUEOYY U ZHTPOFBMSHOSCHY ICHPUFPCHSHCHI TBLKHTUPCH UOYTSEOB DP 0.1-0.01 N2, YuFP RTYNETOP CH 100-200 TB NOSHIYE, YUEN X PVSHYUOPZP UBNPMEFB VM YILYI TBNETPCH. rTBCHDB, U DTHZYI TBLKHTUPCH POB NPTsEF DPUFYZBFSH 1 N2.

lPOUFTHLFPTSCH "mPLIYD" RTEDRTYOSMY TSD DEKUFCHEOOSCHI NO Y DMS UOYTSEOYS FERMPCHPZP YJMHYUEOYS UCHPEZP DEFIEB. fBL, CHCHCHIMPROCHE UPRMB RTYLTSHMY EIFLBNY U VPLPCH, UOYH Y UBDY. rMPEBDSH CHPDHIPBVPTOYLPCH UDEMBMY VPMSHYE, YUEN FTEVHEFUS DMS OPTNBMSHOPK TBVPFSH DCHYZBFEMEK, B YЪVSHCHFPYUOSCHK IMPPDOSCHK ChPЪDKHI OBRTBCHYMY ABOUT UNEYEOYE U ZPTSYUNY CHCHIMPROSH NY ZBBNY, YuFPVSH UOYFSH YI FENRETBFHTH. pYUEOSH KHLYE UPRMB ZHTNYTHAF RTBLFYUEULY RMPULKHA ZHTCHIMPROPK UFTKHY, YuFP OBYMKHYUYN PVTBBPN URPUPVUFCHHEF ITS VSHCHUFTPNH PIMBTSDEOYA.

YoFETEUOP, YuFP UFPMSh TECHPMAGYPOOBS NNYYOB VSHMB TBTBVPFBOB ЪB NEOSHIE CHTENS, NEOSHYYN YUYUMPN UREGYBMYUFPCH Y U NEOSHYYNYY ЪBFTBFBNY, YUEN PVSHYUOSCHK VPECHPK UBNPMEF VMY JLPK TBNETOPUFY. "mPLIYD" PYUEOSH ZPTDYFUS LFYN ZBLFPN, FHNBOOP OBNELBS ABOUT OPCHEKYE NEFPDSH HRTBCHMEOYS RTPGEUUPN TBTBVPFLY RTPELFB, LPFPTSCHE RTYNEOOMP PFDEMEOYE "ulBOL hPTLU" CH LFPN UM HUBE. pDOBLP UP UFPTPOSCH RTYYUYOB KHUREYB RTEDUFBCHMSEFUS ZPTBJDP RTPEE. pOB - CH UELTEFOPUFY RTPZTBNNNSCH. rTPUFP URYULY DPRHEEOOSCHI L TBVPFBN, B OBYUIF, RPMKHYUBAEYI ЪBTRMBFKH, VSHMY NEOSHIE PVSHYUOSCHI, OP ЪBFP CHUE LFY MADI VSHMY DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP OEPVIPDYNSCH. h PVUKhTSDEOOY LBTSDPZP TEYEOYS RTYOINBMP KHUBUFYE NEOSHYE UREGYBMYUFPCH, Y UPCHEEBOYS OE VSHMY FBLYNY RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOSHCHNY. OP YuFP BVUPMAFOP VEUURPTOP - YNEOOOP VMBZPDBTS UELTEFOPUFY RTPZTBNNB YJVETSBMB UFBDYY DMYFEMSHOPZP Y DYMEFBOFULPZP RP UCHPEK UHFY PVUKhTSDEOOYS CH LPOZTEUUE Y DTHZYI VBUF YPOBI BNETYLBOWLPK DENPLTBFYY.

lPOFTBLF ABOUT RPMOPNBUYFBVOKHA TBTBVPFLH "OECHYDYNLY" Y RTPY'CHPDUFCHP HUFBOPCHPYUOPK RBTFYY YJ RSFY UBNPMEFPCH (UETYKOSHCHE OPNETB PF 79-10780 DP 79-10784) ChPE OOSHE RPDRYUBMY U "mPLIYD" 16 OPSVTS 1978 Z. uFTPYFEMSHUFCHP OBYUBMPUSH HCE YUETE 8 NEUSGECH, B RETCHHA ZPFPCHHA NBYOKH RETEDBMY ABOUT YURSHCHFBOYS 16 SOCHBTS 1981 Z. UBNPMEFSH KHUFBOPCHPUOPK RBTFYY UFBMY OBSCHBFSH F-117FSD. pF RPUMEDHAEYI NBYO, RPMKHYYCHYI PVPOBYEOYE F-117A, CHOEYOE POY PFMYUBMYUSH ICHPUFPCHCHN PRETEOYEN NEOSHIYI TBNETPCH. oEULPMSHLP RPTSE, RTY RPUFBOPCHLE ABOUT CHPPTHTSEOYE, UBNPMEFKH RTYUCHPYMY OBYNEOPCHBOYE Nighthawk (OPYUOPK SUFTEV).

lBL OEFTHDOP VSHMP RTEDCHYDEFSH, PRFYNYYBGYS ZHPTNSCH RMBOETB RP LTYFETYA KHNEOSHYEOYS ЪBNEFOPUFY OBYUYFEMSHOP HIKHDIYMB BTPDYOBNYLH NBYOSCH. h PZHYGYBMSHOPK YUFPTYY "ulBOL hPTLU" TBUULBOBOP, YuFP LPZDB CHEDHEENKH BTPDDYOBNYLKH PFDEMEOYS dYLH LOFTEMKH (Dick Cantrell) CHRETCHE RPLBBBMY TSEMBENKHA LPOZHYZHTBGYA VHDH EEZP F-117A, FPZP ICHBFYM HDBT. RTIDS CH UEVS Y PUPBOBCH, YuFP PO YNEEF DEMP U HOILBMSHOSCHN UBNPMEFPN, RTY UPJDBOY LPFPTPZP RETCHHA ULTYRLH YZTBAF OE UREGYBMYUFSCH EZP RTPZHYMS, B LBLYE-FP BMELFT YLY, BY RPUFBCHYM RETED UCHPYNY RPDYUYOOOSCHNY EJYOUFCHEOOP CHPNPTSOKHA OBDBYUKH - UDEMBFSH FBL, YuFPVSH LFP YUKhDPCHYEE VSHMP CH UPUFPSOY IPFSH LBL-OYVHDSH MEFBFSH. zMBCHOSHE RTPVMESCH CHYDEMYUSH CH DPUFYTSEOY DPUFBFPYUOPZP BTPDDYOBNYUEULPZP LBUEUFCHB CH LTEKUETULPK LPOZHYZHTBGYY DMS PVEUREYUEOYS ЪBDBOOPK DBMSHOPUFY RPMEFB, B FBLCE RTYENMEN PZP HTPCHOS YULHUUFCHOOOPK KHUFPKYUCHPUFY Y HRTBCHMSENPUFY. XMPCHBFSHCHKS ZHARAST, PUFTECH RTEDEDEE LTPNLL RPCHETIOPEPEN, RTPZHIMSh LTSHMB, PVTBPPCHBOSHK PFTELBNI RTSNISHY, -HuE ь ь ь ь rtipid RPDIPP RPCHLPPZP RPMEFBB. h YFPZE BTPDDYOBNYUUEULPE LBYUEUFChP F-117A RTY ЪBIPDE ABOUT RPUBDHLH UPUFBCHYMP CHUEZP PLPMP 4, YuFP UPPFCHEFUFCHHEF HTPCHOA UBNPMEFB b.zh.nPTsBKULPZP Y MYYSH OENOPZYN CHCHYE , YUEN X LPUNYUEULPZP LPTBVMS "UREKU yBFFM".

rPULPMSHLH "oBKFIPL" UPJDBCHBMUS UFBFYUEULY OEKHUFPKYUYCHSHN, FP RETED OBYUBMPN RPMEFPCH VSHMP UPCHETYEOOOP OEPVIPDYNP RTPCHETYFSH TBVPFPURPUPVOPUFSH BMZPTTYFNPCH, ЪBMPTSEOOSHI CH E ZP UYUFENSH RPCHSHCHYOEYS KHUFPKYYCHPUFY. mYYSH RPUME UETYY RPMEFPCH MEFBAEEK MBVPTBFPTYY NT-33A Y CHOUEOOYS YURTBCHMEOYK CH RTPZTBNNNSCH VPTFPCHSCHI LPNRSHAFETPCH YI RTYOBMY ZPDOSCHNY.

FEN OE NEOEE, RETCHSHCHK RPMEF "UFEMUB" TEYOP VSHMP CHSHRPMOYFSH U PFLMAYUEOOOSCHNY UYUFENBNY RPCCHCHYEOS KHUPKYUYCHPUFY, B YUFPVSH UBNPMEF NPTsOP VSCHMP RTY LFPN RYMPFYTPCHBFSH, EZP ABOUT CHTENS UD EMBMY UFBFYUEULY KHUFPKUYCHSHCHN CH RTDDPMSHOPN LBOBME, ЪBMPTSYCH CH OPUPCHHA YUBUFSH ZHAYEMSTSB VBMMBUF. rTY LFPN, PDOBLP, UYUFENSCH VSHMY RPMOPUFSHHA TBVPFPPUPUVOSCH Y NPZMY VSHFSH MEZLP CHLMAYUEOSCH U RPNPESH UREGYBMSHOP HUFBOPCHMEOOSCHI CH LBVYOE RETELMAYUBFEMEK. h FBLPK LPOZHYZHTBGYY 18 YAOS 1981 Z. "oBKFIPL" CHRETCHSCHE RPDOSMUS H CHPDKHI RPD KHRTBCHMEOYEN MEFUYILB-YURSHCHFBFEMS zBTPMSHDB zhTMY NMBDYEZP (Harold Farley, Jr.). bFP VShchM DTBNBFYUEULYK RPMEF, EDCHB OE ЪBLPOYUCHYKUS LBFBUFTPZHPK. UTBH RPUME PFTSHCHB RYMPF RPOSM, YuFP VMBZPDBTS OBMYYUYA VBMMBUFB RTDPDPMSHOBS KHUFPKYUYCHPUFSH UBNPMEFB CHRPMOYE FETRYNB, OP RHFECHBS PLBBBMBUSH OBYUYFEMSHOP IHTSE, YUEN RTEDR PMBZBMPUSH. VKHDHYU OE CH UIMBI KHDETTSBFSH NBYOKH, BY CHSCHOKHTSDEO VSHM OENEDMEOOOP CHLMAYUYFSH LPNRSHAFETSH, Y PUFBFPL RPMEFB RTPYEM VPMEE-NEOOEE OPTNBMSHOP. OP DBMSHOEKYE RPMEFSH RPLBJBMY, YuFP DBTSE U TBVPFBAEYNY UYUFENBNY RHFECHBS KHUFPKYYCHPUFSH Y KHRTBCHMSENPUFSH CHUE TBCHOP OILKHDB OE ZPDSFUS, PUPVEOOOP RTY PFLTSCHFYY UFChPTP L PFUELPCH CHPPTHTSEOYS YMY CH UMKHYUBE PFLMAYUEOYS PDOPZP YJ DCHYZBFEMEK. h YFPZE RMPEBDSH LIMEK ABOUT UETYKOSCHI UBNPMEFBI RTYYMPUSH KHCHEMYUYFSH ABOUT 50%.

rPUME UOSFYS VBMMBBUFB CH OEULPMSHLYI RPMEFBI UBNPMEF RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBM RPMOSCHK VHLEF OEKHUFPKYUYCHPUFY, RTYUEN OE FPMSHLP RP PFDEMSHOSHCHN LBOBMBN, OP Y CH NOPZPYUYUMEOOSHI CHBTY BOFBY YI CHBYNPUCHSY. LUFBFY, LFP PVYASUOSEF, RPYUENKH ABOUT F-117A PFUHFUFCHHEF TEETCHOBS NEIBOYUEULBS UYUFENB KHRTBCHMEOYS - CH UMHYUBE PFLBBYB BMELFTPOYL MEFUYIL CHUE TBCHOP OE UNPTsEF KHRTBCHMSF SH UBNPMEFPN. OP RPUFEREOOP RKhFEN DPTBVPFLY RTPZTBNNOPZP PVEUREYEOYS Y OBMPTSEOYS TSDB PZTBOYUEOYK ABOUT TETSYNSCH RPMEFB PFGBN "UFEMUB" HDBMPUSH DPVYFSHUS RTYENMENSHI RYMPFBTSOSCHI IBTBLFETYUFY L, DEMBAYI EZP RPCHEDEOYE ABOUT NBMSCHI HZMBI BFBLY RPIPTSYN ABOUT TEBLGYA PVSHYUSHI UBNPMEFPCH. pDOKH YUBNSHI VPMSHYI FTHDOPUFEK RTY PFMBDLE BCHFPNBFYLY DPUFBCHYM RPYUL NEUF KHUFBOPCHLY RTYENOYLPCH CHPDDHYOSCHI UYZOBMPCH. rTYUEN, FTEVPCHBMPUSH KHUFBOPCHYFSH 4 LPNRMELFB DBFUYLPCH, RPULPMSHLH UYUFENB KHRTBCHMEOYS YuEFSHTEILTBFOP TEETCHYTPCHBOB. vPMEE 60 FPYUEL ABOUT RPCHETIOPUFY RMBOETB VSHHMY YUUMEDPCHBOSHCH, Y CHEDE CHMYSOYE BMENEOFPCH LPOUFTHLGYY ABOUT RPLBBOYS RTYVPTPCH VSHMP UMYILPN ЪBNEFOSCHN. h LPOGE LPOGPCH CHUE YUEFSHTE rchd KHUFBOPCHYMY H OPUKH UBNPMEFB OEUYNNEFTYYUOP PFOPUYFEMSHOP RTDDPMSHOPK PUY.

YURSHCHFBOYS RTYOEUMY Y NOPTSEUFCHP DTHZYI OEPTSYDBOOPUFEK. fBL, PVOBTHTSYMUS OBYUYFEMSHOSCHK LBVTYTHAEIK NPNEOF, RTYYUYOH LPFPTPZP UOBYUBMB CHYDEMY CH PVTBBPCHBOY ЪPOSH RPCCHYEOOZP DBCHMEOYS ABOUT CHETIOEK RPCHETIOPUFY ЪBDOEK YUBU FY ZHAYEMSTSB UFPMSH OEPVSHYUOPK ZHPTNSCH. pDOBLP FEBFEMSHOSH MEFOSHCH LURETYNEOFSH RPLBYBMY, YuFP KHUFPKYUYCHPUFSH UBNPMEFB OBTHYBEF RPFPL TEBLFYCHOSHI ZBBPCH, CHSHCHIPDSEYK YUETE RMPULYE UPRMB Y CHBYNPDEKUFCHHAEIK U RMBUFYOBNY, LLTBOITHAEYNY UPRMB PF PVЪPTB U OITSOEK RPMKHUZHETSCH. rPUME CHSHCHCHMEOYS LFPZP LZHZHELFB UYUFENKH KHRTBCHMEOYS CHOPCHSH RTYYMPUSH DPTBVPFBFSH. h IPDE YURSHCHFBOYK RPFTEVPVCHBMPUSH YYNEOYFSH Y RPTSDPL CHSTBVPFLY LETPUYOB YVBLPCH, H TEKHMSHFBFE TBZTHYLB LTSCHMB CHOKHFTEOOIN FPRMYCHPN KHNEOSHYMBUSH, Y RPMEFSH RTYYMPUSH RTECHBFSH DP

HUYMEOYS HYMPCH LTERMEOYS LTSHMB. h LFPF RETYPD PUPVPZP CHAINBOYS HDPUFPYMYUSH TEYEFLY CHPDHIPBBVPTOYLPCH - YI RPDCHETZBMY YUBUFYUOSCHN TBTHYEOYOSN, BLKHRPTLE Y PVMEDEOYA. dMS VPTSHVSH U RPUMEDOYN OBYVPMEE LZHZHELFYCHOSCHN PLBBBMUS UFBTSHCHK RTPCHETEOOSCHK URPUPV, UPUFPSEIK CH TBVTSHCHYCHBOYY ABOUT TEYEFLY URYTFP-CHPDSOPK UNEUY LTERPUFSHA TPCHOP 40% PV.

rPUME FPZP, LBL "UFP UENOBDGBFSHCHK" OBKHYUMY OOPUOP MEFBFSH, B L YURSHCHFBOYSN RPDLMAYUYMY DTHZIE NBYOSCH KHUFBOPCHPYUOPK RBTFYY, DEMP RPYMP DPCHPMSHOP VSHUFTP. RETCHBS DPЪBRTBCHLB VSHMB CHShCHRPMOEOB HTSE 18 OPSVTS 1981 Z., RETCHSHCHK OPYUOPK RPMEF - 22 NBTFB UMEDHAEEZP ZPDB, RETCHSHCHK UVTPU VPNVSH UPUFPSMUS 7 YAMS, B 23 BCHZKHUFB 1982 Z .chchu uyb RPMKHYUMY UCHPK RETCHSCHK "UFEMU" (ICHPUFPCHPK OPNET 787).

uBNPMEF RTPYEM, RTYUEN KHUREYOP, Y VPMSHYKHA RTPZTBNNKH ZHMBFFETOSCHI YURSHCHFBOIK. th HCE RPUME YI ЪBCHETYEOYS UFTPECHPK RYMPF, CHSHRPMOSS PDYO YЪ RPMEFPCH ABOUT RTPCHETLH UPCHNEUFINPUFY U RPDCHEULBNY, CHCHEM UBNPMEF CH ULPMSHTSEOYE, CHSHCHBCH ABOUT MECHPN CHETFYLBMSHOPN PRETEOY ZHMBFFET CHTSCHCHOPZP IBTBLFETB. lYMSH NZOPCHOOOP PFCHBMYMUS, B RYMPF RTYCHEM UBNPMEF ABOUT VBKH U VPMSHYYYNY UMPTSOPUFSNY. OPCCHCHK, ZPTBJDP VPMEE TSEUFLYK LYMSH YJZPFPCHYMY YJ LPNRPJFPCH. lBL LFP OH LBTSEFUS UFTBOOSCHN, OP F-117A CHSHRPMOYM TSD YURSHCHFBFEMSHOSHCHI RPMEFPCH ABOUT VPMSHYI KHZMBI BFBLY, CH PUOPCHOPN, YUFPVSH RTPCHETYFSH KHUFBOPCHMEOOSH PZTBOYUEOYS. OP VSHMB Y CHFPTBS RTYYUYOB - PE CHTENS RTDDHCHPL Y RPMEFPCH UCHPVPDOP RMBOYTHAEYI NPDEMEK VSHMY RPMKHYUEOSCH RTPFPYCHPTEYUYCHSHE RTEDUFBCHMEOYS P YFPRPTOSCHI UCHPKUFCHBI UBNPMEFB. CHSHCHSUOOYE YUFYOSCH ЪBOСПНПНПЦУФЧП РПМЭФПЧ, Х ЛПФПТШИ ХЗМШ БФБЛИ РПЧШШХИБМYUSH VHLCHBMSHOP RP RPMZTBDHUB, Y EUMY PVOBTHTSYCHBMYUSH NBMEKYE PFLMPOEOYS PF TBUYUEFOPZP R PCHEDEOYS UBNPMEFB, FHF CE OBYUBMYUSH OPCHSH RTDDHCHLY Y LURETYNEOFSH ABOUT RYMPFBTTSOPN UFEOD. yUFPTYLY "ulBOL hPTLU" U VPMSHYYYNY RPDTPVOPUFSNY PRYUSCHCHBAF LFPF RTPGEUU - UTBH CHYDOP, YFP POY ZPTDSFUS EZP IPDPN. rTBCHDB, DP LBLPZP YNEOOOP KHZMB FBLYN PVTBBPN DPYYEM "UFP UENOBDGBFSHCHK", POY FBL Y OE OBRYUBMY - OBCHETOPE, UFSCHDOP.

h PVEEN, CH TEЪKHMSHFBFE RTPGEUUB "PUFEMUYCHBOYS" VPMSHYE CHUEZP RPUFTBDBMY MEFOSHCHE IBTBLFETYUFYLY F-117A. oEUNPFTS ABOUT PFOPUYFEMSHOP CHSHCHUPLHA FSZPCHPPTHTSEOOPUFSH, "oBKFIPL" SCHMSEFUS PZTBOYUEOOOP NBOECHTEOOPK NBYOPK, PVMBDBAEEK OECHSHCHUPLPK ULPTPUFSHA, UTBCHOYFEMSHOP NBMPK DBMSHOPUFSHA Y RMPIYNY CHMEFOP-RPUBDPYUOSCHNYIBTBLFETYUFILBNY. h TEBMSHOPN RPMEFE ON OE YNEEF OYUEZP PVEEZP U FEN "UFEMUPN", LPFPTSHK RPVETSDBEF CHUEI CH ZPMMYCHKHDULYI VPECHYLBI. pV LFPN UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHHEF Y YTPOYUEULPE RTPЪCHYEE "ITPNPC LBTMYL", DBOOPE ENKH EZP TSE MEFUYILBNY.

rETCHBS RPMPCHYOB 1980-I ЗЗ. VSHMB RETYPDPN TELPK LPOZHTPOFBGYY NETSDH uuut Y uyb. rPTsBMHK, CHRETCHSCHE RPUME lBTYVULPZP LTYYUB CHP'OILMB TEBMSHOBS KhZTPJB FPZP, YuFP ChPKOB YB "IPMPDOPK" NPTsEF RTECHTBFYFSHUS CH "ZPTSYUKHA". h FYI KHUMPCHYSI FEIOILB "UFEME" TBUUNBFTYCHBMBUSH UPEDYOOOSCHNY yFBFBNY LBL PDYO YL LPYSHTEK, UCHPEPVTBOPE YUKhDP-PTKhTSYE, URPUPVOPPE CH LTYFYUEULYK NPNEOF RPLPMEVBFSH TBCHOPCHUEYE UFTBFEZYUEULYI "CHUPCH". eUMY KHUEUFSH, YuFP OBYVPMEE NBUUPCHSHCHE ytl UFTBO chBTYBCHULPZP DPZPCHPTB (u-75, u-125, u-200, "lТХЗ", "лХВ"), YNECHYYEUS ABOUT CHPPTHTSEOY CH FP CHTENS, RTY YURPMSHЪPCHBOYY FPMSHLP TBDYPMPLBGYPOOSHI UTEDUFCH OBCHEDEOYS NPZMY PVUFTEMYCHBFSH GEMY U rt OE NEOEE 1 N2, FP YBOUSCH "oBKFIPLB" VEBOBLBOBOOSHN RTPOILOKhFSH PE CHTBTSEULPE CHPDKHYOPE RTPUFTBOUFCHP CHSHZMSDEMY CHEUSHNB CHOKHYYFEMSHOSCHNY. pFUADB Y RETCHSHCHE RTPYCHPDUFCHEOOSCH RMBOSHCH: CHSHCHRKHUFYFSH CH DPRPMOOYE L 5 RTED-UETYKOSCHN EEE 100 UETYKOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH. uFTPYFEMSHUFCHP F-117A RPIMP U NBLUINBMSHOSHCHN FENRPN 8 NBIYO CH ZPD.

pDOBLP CH LFP CHTENS CH uuut OBYUBMBUSH ZPTVBYUECHULBS "RETEUFTPKLB", Y CHULPTE RPMYFYLY ЪBZPCHPTYMY P VMYOLPN PLPOYUBOY "IPMPDOPK CHPKOSHCH". TBHNEEFUS, CH OPCHSHHI KHUMPCHISI ABOUT RETCHPE NEUFP UFBMY CHSHCHIPDYFSH FTEVPCHBOYS LLPOPNYUOPUFY, RTPUFPFSCH LURMKHBFBGYY Y NOPZPZHOLGYPOBMSHOPUFY BCHYBGYPOOSHI LPNRMELUPCH. b RP CHUEN LFYN RBTBNEFTBN "oBKFIPL" OBYUIFEMSHOP RTPYZTSCHCHBM FBLYN UBNPMEFBN, LBL F-15E YMY F-16C. lTPNE FPZP, YYTPLPE TBCHETFSHCHBOYE CH UPCHEFULPN UPAYE utl OPChPZP RPLPMEOYS u-yppch, URPUPVOSHI PVUFTEMYCHBFSH GEMY U rt DP 0.02 N2 RTY CHAMP L DBMSHOEKYENKH UOTSEOYA YO FETEUB chchu uyb L F-117A. FENR RTPYCHPDUFCHB KHRBM DP 4, RPFPN 3 NBYO, B RPUMEDOYK UETYKOSHCHK UBNPMEF LFPPZP FYRB VSHM RPUFBCHMEO ЪBLBYUYLKH 12 YAMS 1990 Z. chUEZP VSHMP RPUFTPEOP 59 UETYKOSCHI LENRMSTPC (ICHPUFPCHCHE OPNETB 785-843).

OP DBCE CH HTEЪBOOPN CHYDE RTPZTBNNNB RTYOEUMB ZHYTNE "mPLIYD" OBYUYFEMSHOSHE ZJOBOPCHSHCHE, B ZMBCHOPE, RPMYFYUEULYE DYCHYDEODSH. TERKHFBGYS ZHITNSCH LBL UPJDBFEMS OBYVPMEE CHSHCHDBAEYIUS UBNPMEFPCH EEE VPMEE PLTERMB. pFDEMEOYE "ulBOL xPTLU" Y pFDEMEOYE BCHYBGYPOOSHI UYUFEN chchu uyb RPMKHYUMY CH 1989 Z. RTY TPVETFB lPMMSHE "b TBTBVPFLH Y TBCHETFSHCHBOYE NBMPUBNEFOPZP UBNPMEFB F- 117A, NEOSAEEZP CHUA LPOGERGYA RTPPELFYTPCHBOYS VKHDHEYI CHPEOOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH YI VPECHPZP TBCHETFSHCHBOYS." UFPYNPUFSH PDOPZP UETYKOPZP UBNPMEFB, RP PZHYGYBMSHOSCHN DBOOSCHN ABOUT 1990 Z., UPUFBCHYMB 42.6 NMO. USD (RTYNETOP CH FBLHA CE UHNNH BNETYLBOWLINE OBMPZPRMBFEMSHAILBN PVIPDIYMUS Y F-15). about CHUA RTPZTBNNH L FPNH CHTENEY VSHMP RPFTBYUEOP 6.56 NMTD. USD, YЪ OYI PLPMP 2 NMTD. USD - OB oiplt, 4.27 NMTD. USD -OB BLHRLY Y 295.4 NMO. USD - ABOUT UPJDBOYE OBENOPK YOZHTBUFTKHLFKHTSCH. h DBMSHOEKYEN (RPUME 1992 Z.) VSHMP YЪTBUIPDPCHBOP EEE VPMEE 400 NMO. USD ABOUT NPDETOYBGYA PVPTHDPCBOYS UPUFPSEYI ABOUT CHPPTHTSEOY "UFEMUPC". CHEUSHNB OBLMBDOSHNY PLBBMYUSH Y NETPRTYSFYS RP PVEUREYUEOYA TETSINB UELTEFOPUFY: ABOUT YI DPMA RTYYMPUSH 10-15% PVEEK UFPYNPUFY RTPZTBNNNSCH.

eUMY CHURPNOYFSH, CH LBLPN FENRE DEMBMUS LFPF UBNPMEF Y YUFP CH UYMKH CHCHYEOBCHBOOSCHI RTYYUYO ABOUT OEZP RPUFBCHYMY DBMELP OE UBNPE OPCHPE PVPTHDPHBOYE, FP OE CHSHCHCHCHBEF KhDYCHMEOYS, YuFP EZP RTBLFYUEULY UTBH CE OYUBMY RETEDEMSHCHBFSH. rTBCHDB, BNETYLBOGSH DMS VMBZPCHHYUS OBCHBMY LFPF RETNBOEOFOSHCHK RTPGEUU NPDETOYBGYEK. RETCHBS EE ZHBOB OBYUBMBUSH CH UBNSHCHK TBZBT UETYKOPZP RTPYCHPDUFCHB - CH 1984 Z. - Y UPUFPSMB CH OBNEOE VPTFPCHSHI LPNRSHAFETPCH, PVUMKHTSYCHBAEYI YODYLBFPTSCH CH LBVYOE, B CHFPRYMPF Y UYUFENKH HRTBCHMEOYS CHPPTHTSEOYEN. CHOBYUBME ABOUT F-117A YURPMSHЪPCHBMBUSH CHCHYUUMYFEMSHOBS UYUFENB U FTENS LPNRSHAFETBNY M362F ZHYTNSCH "DEMLP" U YUFTEVYFEMS F-16, UCHSBOOSHNY DHVMYTPCHBOOPC YYOPK DBOOSHI CH UV BODBTFE MIL-STD-1553. EE ЪBNEOYMY ABOUT LPNRSHAFETSH bt102 RTPYЪCHPDUFCHB IBM, BOBPZYYUOSCH YURPMSHЪKHENSHN ABOUT chlu "UREKU yBFFM" Y UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE OPCHPNH UFBODBTFH MIL-STD-1750A. bFPF YBZ RPJCHPMYM RTYNEOIFSH OPCHSHCHE PVTBGSHCHCHUPLPFPYUOPZP PTHTSYS.

chFPTBS ZHBB NPDETOYBGYY, YJCHEUFOBS LBL RTPZTBNNB OCIP (Offensive Combat Improvement Program - RTPZTBNNB RPCHSHCHYEOYS YZHZHELFYCHOPUFY CH OBUFKHRBFEMSHOSHHI VPECHSHI DEKUFCHYSI), TBCHETOHMBUSH CH 1987 ZY UPUFPSMB CH RPMOPN RETEUNPFTE YOZHPTNBGYPOOP-HRTBCHMSAEEZP RPMS LBVYOSCH RYMPFB. h EZP TBURPTTSSEOYE RETEDBCHBMY FTY RPMOPPGCHEFOSHI NOPZPZHOLGYPOBMSHOSHI YODYLBFPTB ZHYTNSCH "IP-OYHMM" ABOUT BMELFTPOOP-MHYUECHSCHI FTHVLBI, URPUPVOSHI PFPVTBTSBFSH LBTFYOLH, ZhPT NYTHENHA yl-UFBOGYSNY, B FBLCE FBLFYUEULHA PVUFBOPCHLH Y LBTFH NEUFOPUFY. vShchMY KHUFBOPCHMEOSCH FBLCE RETEDOSS CHETIOSS RBOEMSH CHCHPDB DBOSCHI, FTEINETOBS UYUFENB PRFYNYYBGYY TETSYNPCH RPMEFB, OPCHSHCHK YODYLBFPT ABOUT ZHPOE MPVPCHPZP UFELMB ZHYTNSCH "LBKYET" Y B CHFPNBFYUEULBS UYUFENB CHPCHTBEEOYS ABOUT BHTPDTPN VBYTPCHBOYS RAARS. RETCHSHCHK DPTBVPFBOOSCHK FBLYN PVTBBPN "oBKFIPL" (ICHPUFPCHPK No. 805) VSHM RETEDBO chchu 27 OPSVTS 1990 Z., B RETEPVPTHDPCHBOIE DTHZYI NBYO RPYMP U FENRPN 1 UBNPMEF CH NEUSG.

fTEFSHS ZHBBB, OBYUBCHYBSUS Ch 1992 Z., TEYBMB ЪBDБУХ РПЧШЧЧХИОВИС FPYUOPUFY OBCHYZBGYY Y RTYGEMYCHBOYS. dMS bfpzp about UBNPMEF KHUFBOPCHYMY MBYETOSCH ZYTPULPRSCH Y RTYENOIL ZMPVBMSHOPK OBCHYZBGYPOOPK UYUFENSH GPS, B FBLCE ЪBNEOYMY DCH yl-UFBOGYY (CHETIOAA -- FLIR ІОЦОАА -DLIR) ABOUT PDO X KHUPCHETYEOUFCHPCHBOOKHA il-UYUFENKH PVOBTHTSEOYS Y GEMEKHLBBOYS IRADS U DCHHNS NPBIYUOSCHNY RTYENOILBNY, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHNY ABOUT NEUFBI RTETSOYI UVBOGYK. yFB UYUFENB, TBTBVPFBOOBS FPK CE ZHYTNPK "FELUBU YOUFTHNEOFE", YUFP Y ЪБNEOSENSHCHE UFBOGYY, PLBBBMBUSH OBYVPMEE UMPTSOSCHN BMELFTPOOSCHN LPNRPEOFPN F-117A. rTY EE PFTBVPFLE CHUFTEFYMUS TSD FTHDOPUFEK, CH FPN YUYUME PVEUREYUEOS LBYUEUFCHB Y UFBVIMSHOPUFY YPVTBTTSEOYS, DPUFYTSEOYS FTEVHENPK ULPTPUFY TBCHPTPFB DBFUYLPCH, UOY TsEOYS HTPCHOS RPNEI, RETEDBY GEMY ABOUT UPRTPCHPTSDEOOYE U RTYENOILB RETEDOEZP PVJPTB ABOUT RTYENOIL OITSOEZP PVJPTB Y F.D. ъBDБУБ ПУМПЦОСМБУШ УХВЯЭЛФИЧОПУФША ChPURTYSFYS il-YЪПВТБЦЭООК МЭФУИЛБНY: FP, UFP LBBBMPUSH PDOYN KHDPCHMEFCHPTYFEMSHOSHCHN, VSHMP UPCHETYEOOP OERTIENMENP DMS DTHZYI. h FEYUEOOYE ZPDB VSHMP CHSHPRPMOEOP 100 YURSHCHFBFEMSHOSHHI RPMEFPCH, OP PLPOYUBFEMSHOP FEIOYUUEULYE RTPPVMENSCH VSHMY TBTEYOSCH MYYSH RPUME PVTBPCHBOYS "LPNBODSH FYZTPCH" YЪ MKHYYI URE GYBMYUFPCH TBMYUOSCHI PFDEMEOYK "mPLIYD". h IPDE TBVPFSH RTYYMPUSH PFLBJBFSHUS PF LMELFTPOOPC UYOITPOYBGYY TBCHPTPFB RTYENOYLPCH CH RPMSHQH NEIBOYUEULPK UYUFENSCH, LPFPTBS PLBBBMBUSH VPMEE OBDETSOPK Y PVEU REYUMB RETEDBYUKH GEMY ABOUT UPRTPCHPTSDEOOYE U PDOPZP RTYENOILB ABOUT DTHZPK VEЪ PRBUOPUFY UTSHCHB. tBVPFPPURPUPVOPUFSH UYUFENSCH IRADS UPITBOSEFUS DBCE RTY VPNVPNEFBOY U LBVTTYTPCHBOYS RPUME CHSHCHIPDB YY RYLYTPCHBOYS, LPZDB RTPYUIPDYF NOPZPLTBFOBS RETEDBYUB GEMY NETSDH RTYENOIL BNY, Y RTY VPNVPNEFBOY U LTHFPZP LBVTYTPCHBOYS U NBMSCHI CHCHUPF U RETEZTHYLBNY DP 4D.

OP IBTBLFET CHSHPRPMOSENSHI ABOUT F-117A TBVPF PRTEDEMSEFUS OE FPMSHLP BVUFTBLFOSHNY RMBOBNY LPNBODPCHBOYS, YUBUFP UBNB TSY'OSH RPDULBSBCHCHBEF Lpoltefosche ORTTBCHMEOYS DCHYTSEOYS. fBL, RP TEЪKHMSHFBFBN CHPKOSHCH H UBMYCHE VSHMP KHCHEMYUEOP VSHCHUFTPDDEKUFCHYE YENLPUFSH RBNSFY UYUFENSH RMBOYTPCHBOYS ЪBDBOYS, B FBLCE NPDETOYYTPCHBOB UYUFENB UCHSY. UBNPMEF PUOBUFYMY BCFPNBFPN FSZY, PVEUREYUYCHBAEIN CHPNPTSOPUFSH RPMEFB OBD GEMSHA U BCFPNBFYUEULYN CHSHCHDETSYCHBOYEN RPUFPSOOPK ULPTPUFY. h 1999 Z. chchu uyb RTYUFKHRYMY L TEBMYBGYY RTPZTBNNNSCH SCR RTEDHUNBFTYCHBAEEK UBNEOH TBDYPRPZMPEBAYI RPLTSCHFYK, CHSHRPMOEOOSCHI RP "PVPKOPK" FEIOPMPZYY, ABOUT RPLTSCHFY S, OBOUEOOOSCH NEFPDPN OBRSHHMEOYS U RPNPESH TPVPFYYTPCHBOOSCHI KHUFBOPCHPL, U CHSHCHUPLPK FPUOPUFSHA CHSHCHDETSYCHBAEYI FPMEYOKH UMPECH. RETCHSHCHK UBNPMEF U FBLYN RPLTSCHFYEN VSHM RETEDBO chchu Ch PLFSVTE 1999 Z., B L 2005 Z. RTEDKHUNBFTYCHBEFUS RETELTBUIFSH CHEUSH RBTL "oBKFIPLPCH". lBL CHYDYN, BNETYLBOGSH KHDEMSAF UCHPYN "UFEMUBN" RPUFPSOOPE CHOINBOYE Y UFBTBAFUS RPDDETSYCHBFSH LFY DCHBDGBFYMEFOYE NBYOSCH ABOUT CHRPMOE UCHTEOOOPN HTPCHOE.

RETCHPOBYUBMSHOSH RMBOSH RTEDKHUNBFTYCHBMY TBCHETFSHCHBOYE PDOPK ULBDTYMSHY "oBKFIPLPLCH" CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY, DMS YURPMSHJPCHBOYS ABOUT ECHTPRECULPN Y VMYTSOECHPUFPYUOPN fchd, DT HZPK - Ch aTSOPK lPTEE, DMS DEKUFCHYK Ch BYBFULP-FYIPPLEBOULPN TEZYPOE. fTEFSHA ULBDTYMSHA - FTEOYTPCHPYUOKHA Y TEETCHOKHA, RTEDRPMBZBMPUSH VBYYTPCHBFSH OERPUTEDUFCHOOOP ABOUT FETTYFPTYY yub. pDOBL TETSYN UELTEFOPUFY CH RTPZTBNNE F-117A VSHM UFPMSH UIMEO, YuFP TBNEUFYFSH LFY NBYOSCH ABOUT LBLPK-MYVP YI DEKUFCHHAEYI BCHYBVB, FEN VPMEE ЪB RTEDEMBNY UFTBOSH, BNETYLBOULPE LPNBODPCHBOIE OE UNPZMP. YuFPVSH DP RPTSCH ULTSHFSH "UFEMUSH" PF RPUFPTPOOYI ZMB, VSHMP RTYOSFP TEYEOYE PTZBOYPCHBFSH OPCHHA VBH. NEUFP DMS OEE VSHMP CHSHVTBOP CH RHUFSCHOOOPK NEUFOPUFY YFBFB oECHBDB, ZHE TBOSHIE OBIPDIYMUS GEOFT BTPDOBNYUEULYI YURSHCHFBOYK SDETOPZP PTHTSYS. vMYTSBKYYN OBUEMEOOSCHN RHOLFPN VSHMP NEUFEYULP fPOPRB. chBTSOKHA TPMSH CH LFPN CHSHCHVPTE USHZTBMB VMYJPUFSH PVIYTOPZP, IPTPYP PVPTHDPCCHBOOPZP Y FTHDOPDPUFKHROPZP DMS RPUFPTPOOYI OBVMADBFEMEC RPMYZPOB BCHYBVBSHCH OEMMYU. DMS LURMHBFBGYY NBMPUBNEFOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH BTPPDTPN GEOFTTB VSHM RPMOPUFSHA TELPOUFTKHYTPCHBO - KHDMYOEOSCH chrr Y THMETSOSCH DPTPTSLY, RPUFTPEO OPCHSHCHK ldr, B ZMBCHOPE - CHPDCHYZ OHFSH UREGYBMSHOSCH BOZBTSH DMS ITBOEOYS CHEUSHNB OETSOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH-"OECHYDYNPL". fY TBVPFSCH OBYUBMYUSH CH 1980 ZPDH.

fPZDB TSE CH IPDE DPCHPMSHOP UMPTsOPK RTPPGEDHTSCH VSHMY PFPVTBOSH Y RETCHSHE RYMPFSCH "oBKFIPLPCH". l LFPNH NPNEOFH LBTSDSCHK YЪ OYI YNEM HCE OE NEOEE 1000 YUBUPCH OBMEFB ABOUT TEBLFYCHOSHI UBNPMEFBI, CH PUOPCHOPN, ABOUT F-4, F-111 Y b-10. rETCHPK ЪБДБУЭК ЗТХРРШЧ УФБМБ ТББТБВПФЛБ RTPЗТБННШЧ FTEОТПЧПУОСЧИ РПМЭФПЧ ABOUT “UFEMUYE” U KHUEFPN OEPVSHYUOPUFY LFPZP UBNPMEFB Y PFUHFUFCHYS “URBTLY”. dPRPMOYFEMSHOSHE UMPTSOPUFY CH PUCHPEOYY F-117A PTSYDBMYUSH RP RTYYUYOE EZP RPCHSHCHYEOOOSCHI CHUMEFOP-RPUBDPYUOSHI ULPTPUFEK, B FBLCE CHCHYDH FPZP, YuFP CHUE RPMEFSHCH, CHLMAYUBS RETCHSHCHK, Y Kommersant UPPVTBTSEOYK UELTEFOPUFY RTEDRYUSCHCHBMPUSH CHSHRPMOSFSH CH FENOPE CHTENS UHFPL. h BCHZKHUFE 1982 Z. h fPOPRB RTYVSHCHM RETCHSCHK "oBKFIPL", Y DMS RETUPOBMB VBSHCH, OE ZPChPTS HCE RTP RYMPFPCH, DEOSH Y OPIUSH RPNEOSMYUSH NEUFBNY. LBCDSHK MEFULE YUEFSHET ODEMEM RPDENBMUS CHECHBDSH, Cheshrpmoss RP DPB-FTY 90-nyokhoshoshchi RPMEFB Kommersant Kommersant, Y Mysh at the Redemshoylb about the Chformhulbmus PDYOO Cheshmef. CHUS VPECHBS RPDZPFPCHLB, RP UHFY, UCHPDYMBUSH L PFTBVPFLE EDYOUFCHEOOPK ЪBDBUY: RTPLTBUFSHUS CH CHPDKHYOPE RTPUFTBOUFChP RTPFYCHOILB, PVOBTHTSYFSH RMBOPCHHA GEMSH Y HMPTSYFSH CH OEE VPNVH U MBETOSCHN OBCHEDEOYEN. dMS FTEOYTPCHLY MEFYUYLPCH-"UFEMUYUFPCH" CH DOECHOSCHI HUMPCHYSI PTZBOYPCHBMY RPMEFSCH ABOUT YFKHTNPCHYLBI b-7 "lPTUBT-2", OBYVPMEE RPIPTSYI ABOUT F-117A RP RYMPFBTTSOSCHN IBTBLFETYUF YLBN. uFPMSH OBRTSCEOOBS HYUEVB CHULPTE DBMB TEKHMSHFBF: 26 PLFSVTS 1983 Z. VSHMP PVIASCHMEOP P DPUFYTSEOY PRETBFYCHOPK ZPFPCHOPUFY RETCHPZP RPDTBDEMEEOYS "OECHYDYNPL".

yN UFBMB UREGYBMSHOP UZhPTNYTPCHBOOBS 4450-S FBLFYUEULBS BCHYBZTHRRRB (4450th TG - Tactical Group), ЪB RYMPFBNY LPFPTPK UTBЪХ ЪBLTERYMPUSH TPNBOFYUEULPE RTPЪCHYEE "OPYUOSHE UFBMLETSCH." h UCHSY U TPUFPN YUYUMEOOPUFY F-117b Y MYUOPZP UPUFBChB 5 PLFSSVTS 1989 Z. ZTHRRH RETEZHPTNYTPCHBMY CH 37th FBLFYUEULPE YUFTEVYFEMSHOPE LTSHMP (37th TFW - Tactical Fighter W ing), YULMAYUYCH YE UPUFBCHB "lPTUBTSCH". "uFEMUPCH" ICHBFYMP ABOUT 3 ULBDTYMSHY: DCHE VPECHSHCHE - 415-A Y 416-A (415th TFS Y 416th TFS - Tactical Fighter Squadron), and FBLCE PDOH HYUEVOP-VPECHHA - 417-A (417th TFTS - Tactical Fighter Training Squadron). rTYUCHPYCH RPDTBBDEMEOYSN YNEOOOP LFY OPNETB, LPNBODPCHBOYE chchu UFTENYMPUSH RPDYUETLOHFS RTEENUFCHEOOPUFSH RPLPMEOYK YI OPUYMY ULBDTYMSHY BNETYLBOULYY OYUOSHI YUFTEVYFEMEC RETYPDB CHFPTPC NYTPCHPK CHPKOSHCH. pDOBLP DBTSE ABOUT LFPC RBFTYIPFYUEULPK CHPMOE RETEYNEOPCHBOYS OE ЪBLPOYUMYUSH - 9 NBS 1992 Z. YUBUFSH OBCHBMY 49-N YUFTEVYFEMSHOSHCHN LTSHMPN (49th Fighter Wing), UPITBOYCH ITS FTEIYU LBDTYMSHOHA UFTHHLFHTH (7th, 8th Y 9th Squadrons). h LBTSDSCHK NPNEOF CHTENEY CH VPECHSHHI ULBDTYMSHSI OBUYFSHCHBMPUSH OE NEOEE 18 "oBKFIPLPLCH", CH HYUEVOPK - PF 6 DP 10, EEE 10-11 NBYO, LBL RTBCHYMP, RTEVSCCHBMY ABOUT FSCEMSHI ZHTNBI FE IPVUMHTSYCHBOYS Y DPTBVPFLBI. pDOBLP CH LBTSDPK ULBDTYMSHE MYYSH 5 YMY 6 UBNPMEFPCH UYYFBMYUSH RPUFPSOOP ZPFPCHSHNY L CHSHCHRPMOEOYA VPECHSHI BDBOYK. PUFBMSHOSCHE CH UMKHYUBE PVYASCHMEOYS RETYPDB KHZTPPSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHMY VSHCHFSH RTYCHEDEOSH CH LFP UPUFPSOIE CH FEYOOYE 2-3 UHFPL.

rPYUFY CHUE LFP CHTENS CHPLTHZ "UFEMUPC" OE PUMBVECHBM UFTPZYK TETSYN UELTEFOPUFY. iPFS fPOPRB VSHMB PDOPK YЪ OBYVPMEE PITBOSENSHI VB chchu, FBN RTEDRTYOINBMYUSH DPRPMOYFEMSHOSHCHE, RPYUFYOE DTBLPOPCHULYE NETSHCH, YuFPVSH ULTSHFSH RTBCHDH P "OECHYDYNLBI". rTY LFPN BNETYLBOULYE TETSINNEILY YUBUFP RTBLFYLPCHBMY CHEUSHNB PUFTPHNOSCHE TEYEOYS. FBL, YuFPVSH PFRKHZOKhFSH RTBDOSHCH "MAVYFEMEK BCHYBGYY" YY YUYUMB RETUPOBMB VBSHCH, ABOUT F-117A OBOPUIMY UREGYBMSHOSCH FTBZHBTEFSHCH FIRB "UYUFENB PIMBTSDEOOYS TEBLFPTB", ЪOB YULY "TBDYBGYS" Y DTHZYE "UFTBIYMLY". OBDP UPZMBUYFSHUS, YuFP ABOUT UBNPMEFE U FBLPK CHOEYOPUFSHHA SING CHCHUE OE CHSHZMSDEMY RTYFSOHFSHCHNY UB KHYY. pDOBLP OYUEZP CHEYUOPZP RPD mHOPK HCE DBCHOP OEF, Y REMEOB UELTEFOPUFY CHPLTHZ "UFEMUPC" RPUFEREOOP FPTSE UFBMB URBDBFSH. h BRTEME 1990 Z. UPUFPSMBUSH DBCE RHVMYUOBS DENPOUFTBGYS "oBKFIPLB", YuFP VShchMP UCHSBOP U OBYUBMPN EZP RPMEFPCH DOEN, LPZDB HCE CHUE TBCHOP OECHPNPTSOP VSCHMP ULTSHFSH EZP ZHTNSCH . OP ZMBCHOPK RTYYUYOPK CHOEBROZP RTYMYCHB PFLTPCHEOOPUFY UFBMP UFTENMEOYE BNETYLBOULPZP LPNBODPCHBOYS RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBFSH PVEEUFCHEOOPUFY TEKHMSHFBFSCH PDOPC UELTEFOPK RTP ZTBNNNSCH, YUFPVSH DPLBBBFSH OEPVIPDYNPUFSH ZHJOBOUYTPCHBOYS DTHZYI.

rPUME CHSHCHIPDB CH UCHEF, F.E. U OBYUBMB DOECHOSCHI RPMEFPCH, RTPZTBNNB VPECHPK RPDZPFPCHLY "UFEMUYUFPCH" RTBLFYUEULY YYNEOYMBUSH NBMP. CHUE TBCHOP UCHPY ZMBCHOSCH ЪBDБУй ьФПНХ UBNNMEFKH RTEDUFPSMP TEYBFSH OPYUSHA. TBCHE YFP OEULPMSHLP NEOEE PUFTPK UFBMB RTPVMENB PFUKHFUFCHYS "URBTLY". Fersh Rhty Rhetchshchiki Cheshmefby Streobaezp Mephuilb ​​Yufthlfpt Mephem TSDPN h dchineufn Huevop-fluvopchpyuopn f-38, RPDDDETSICHBS at Oin RPufpsookh TBDYPUCHSHSHSH.

lPOYUOP, CHYD F-117A RPTBYM NYTPCHPE BCHYBGYPOOPE UPPVEEUFChP. BY UFBM YUHFSH MY OE UBNSHCHN DETOLIN CHSHCHPCHPN FTBDYGYPOOSCHN RPOSFYSN BTPDOBNYLY UB CHUA YUFPTYA RPMEFPCH YUEMPCHELB. y BNETYLBOGSH OE VSHMY VSHCH UPVPK, EUMY VSH OE YURPMSHЪPCHBMY LFPF YPL "ABOUT CHUE UFP". sing ChPЪMPTSYMY ABOUT "UFP UENOBDGBFSHCHK" PFCHEFUFCHOOKHA TPMSH KHVEDYFEMSHOPZP RTYNETB FEIOMPMPZYUEULPZP RTECHPUIPDUFCHB yub OBD PUFBMSHOSCHN NYTPN, Y DMS DPLBBBFEMSHUFCHB LFPZP FEYUB DEOOZ OE CBMEMY. "oBKFIPL" RPMKHYUM RPUFPSOOOKHA RTPRYULKH ABOUT PVMPTSLBI TSKHTOBMPCH, UFBM ZETPEN LTHFSHI VPECHYLPCH Y ЪCHEDPK NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI BCHYBYPH.

p RPFETSI "UFEMUPCH" CH IPDE LURMKHBFBGYY DPUFPCHETOSCHI DBOOSCHI NBMP, Y UCHSBOP LFP, RTETSDE CHUEZP, U PVEEK UELTEFOPUFSHHA RTPZTBNNNSCH. rTPCHEUFY CE RPMOSHCHK UPWUF CHOOOSCHK BOBMY RTBLFYUEULY OECHPNPTSOP, F.L. BNETYLBOGSH FEBFEMSHOP ULTSHCHCHBAF LPMYUEUFCHP PUFBCHYIUS CH UFTPA UBNPMEFPCH.

FEN OE NEOEE, CHUE YUFPYUOILY UIPDSFUS CH FPN, YuFP RETCHBS NNYYOB TBVIMBUSH 20 BRTEMS 1982 Z., RTYYUEN, LFP VSHCHM RETCHSHCHK UETYKOSHCHK UBNPMEF (ICHPUFPCHPK OPNET 785), ABOUT LPFPTPN U FTPECHPK MEFUYL CHSHRPMOSM PDYO YЪ RPUMEDOYI RTYENPUOSHI RPMEFPCH. uPVUFCHEOOP, L FPNKH NPNEOFKH UBNPMEF RTYENLH HCE RTPYEM, OP LBL TB OBLBOKHOE EZP RETEDBYU chchu YOTSEOOETSH "mPLIYD" TEYMYMY CHOEUFY OELPFPTSHCHE YYNEOOOS H LPNRMELFBGYA PVPTHDP CHBOYS. h RTPGEUUE TBVPF LPNRSHAFET PVTBVPFLY ChPЪDKHYOSCHI UYZOBMPCH VSCHM RETENEEEO ABOUT OPCHPE NEUFP, RTY LFPN OPCHSHCHE BMELFTYUEULYE UPEDYOEOYS VSHCHMY CHSHRPMOESCH OERTBCHYMSHOP. UBNPMEF RPFETSM KHRTBCHMEOYE UTBH RPUME PFTSHCHB, RETECHETOKHMUS ABOUT URYOH, HRBM ABOUT YENMA Y UBZPTEMUS. rPDPURECHYE URBUBFEMY RPFKHYYMY PZPOSH Y YYCHMELMY RYMPFB, LPFPTSCHK RPUME bFPZP RTPCHEM CH ZPURYFBMSI CHPUENSH NEUSGECH. YoFETEUOSCHK OABOU - RPULPMSHLH CHYOB "mPLIDB" Y chchu Ch LFPN YOGYDEOFE VSHMB DPLBBOBOB, SING RPLTSCHMY TBUIPDSCH ABOUT MEYOOYE RYMPFB, B BFP 700 FSHUSYU USD!

oPIUSHA 11 YAOS 1986 Z. ABOUT 32 NYOHFE RPMEFB CHTEUBMUS CH CHETYOKH ZPTSH CHPUSHNPK UETYKOSHCHK F-117A (ICHPUFPCHPK No. 792), RYMPF RPZYV. rTYYUYOB LBFBUFTPZHSH PUFBMBUSH OECHSCHSUOOOPK, YJCHEUFOP MYYSH, YUFP RETED RPMEFPN MEFUYL TsBMPCHBMUS ABOUT KHUFBMPUFSH. fTEFYK "UFEME" FBLCE VSHM RPFETSO CH TEKHMSHFBFE UFPMLOPCHEOYS U ENMEK. lFP RTPYPYMP U 31 UETYKOSCHN UBNPMEFPN (ICHPUFPCHPK No. 815) OPYUSHA 14 PLFSVTS 1987 Z. ABOUT RPMYZPOE BCHYBVBSCH OEMMYU. lBL Y CH RTEDSHDHEEN UMKHYUBE, MEFUYIL OE UDEMBM RPRSCHFLY LBFBRKHMSHFYTPCHBFSHUS, B UBNPMEF PLBBBMUS RPMOPUFSHA TBTHYEO. ABOUT LFPF TB ChPNPTSOPK RTYYUYOPK RTPYUYUEUFCHYS OBCHBMY RPFETA RYMPFPN PTYEOFYTPCHLY - OPYUSH VSHMB PUPVEOOOP FENOPK. 4 BCHZKHUFB 1992 Z. CH TEЪKHMSHFBFE RPTsBTTB VShchMB RPFETSOB 18-S UETYKOBS NBYOB (ICHPUFPChPK No. 802). 14 UEOFSVTS 1997 Z. CH IPDE BCHYBYPH OERPDBMELKH PF vBMFYNPTB, YFBF NTYMEOD, X PDOPZP YЪ F-117A CH RPMEFE TBTHYYMPUSH LTSHMP. uBNPMEF THIOKHM ABOUT YENMA, TBOYCH 6 YUEMPCHEL. rYMPF UKHNEM LBFBRHMSHFYTPCHBFSHUS. yNEAFUS DBOOSHCH, YuFP CHUEZP DP UETEDYOSCH 1999 Z. U MEFOPK LURMKHBFBGYY UOSMY DECHSFSH F-117A, CHLMAYUBS OEULPMSHLP RP CHSTBVPFLE TEUKHTUB. lTPNE FPZP, RP PZHYGYBMSHOSCHN DBOOSCHN - PDOB, RP DBOOSCHN OEBCHYUYNSCHI YUFPYUOYLPCH - YuEFSHTE NBYOSCH VSHMY RPFETSOSH CH IPDE VECHSHHI DEKUFCHYK. dChB "oBKFIPLB" YY YUYUMB RTEDUETYKOSCHI UBNPMEFPCH KHUFBOPCHMEOSCH ABOUT RPUFBNEOFSH RTY CHYAEDBI ABOUT BCHYBVBSCH OEMMYU Y TBKF-rBFFETUPO.

UMEDHEF RTYOBFSH, YuFP L NPNNEOFKH UCHPEZP UPJDBOYS "oBKFIPL" DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP SCHMSMUS ZTPOSHCHN UTEDUFCHPN, RTEDOBOBYOOOSCHN DMS TEYEOYS LPOLTEFOSCHI ЪBDBU CH LPOLTEF OPK PVUFBOPCHLE. bNETYLBOULYE BCHYBUFTPYFEMY UKHNEMY UPJDBFSH EZP CH LTBFYUBKYE UTPLY, UPITBOYCH RTY LFPN CHCHUPYUBKYKHA UELTEFOPUFSH TBVPF. h FEYOOYE OEULPMSHLYI MEF LFB "OECHYDYNLB" h UBNPN DEME PUFBCHBMBUSH OECHYDYNPK DMS UPCHEFULLPZP UPAB, lYFBS Y DTHZYI RPFEOGYBMSHOSHI RTPFPYCHOILPC yb. pDOBLP, LBL MAVPE KHLPUREGYBMYYTPCHBOOPE YDEMYE, F-117A VSHUFTP KHUFBTEM RPUME FPZP, LBL YYNEOMYUSH HUMPCHYS, DMS DEKUFCHYK CH LPFPTSCHI ON UPЪDBCHBMUS. TBCHYFYE UTEDUFCH PVOBTHTSEOYS MEFBFEMSHOSHHI BRRBTBFPCH, CH F.Yu. PUOPCHBOOSCHI ABOUT OPCHSHHI ZHYYYUEULYI RTYOGYRBI, UDEMBMP EZP OECHYDINPUFSH CHEUSHNB PFOPUIFEMSHOPK. b Private enterprise OEDPUFBFLY UBNPMEFB PLBUBMYUSH BVUPMAFOSHNY. lBL RPLBЪBMP CHTENS, UBNB YDES UBNPMEFB, CH LPOUFTHLGYY LPFPTPZP "CHSHCHRSYUCHBEFUS" LBLPE-MYVP PDOP LBYUEUFChP (CH DBOOPN UMHYUBE - NBMBS rt) CH HEETV DTHZYN, PLBJB MBUSH VEURETUREFYCHOPK. rPUFTPYCH CHUEZP 20 L'ENRMSTPCH "UFEMUPC" FTEFSHESP RPLPMEOYS - UFTBFEZYUEULYI VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH ch-2 "URYTYF", BNETYLBOGSH CHSMY LHTU ABOUT TBTBVPFLH VPMEE ZBTNPOYUOSCHI NBYO (F-22, JSF) CH LPFPTSCHI FTEVPCHBOIE NBMPK ЪBNEFOPUFY HCE OE SCHMSEFUS DPNYOITHAEIN, IPFS Y PUFBEFUS PDOYN Y LMAYUECHSHI . ъBNEFYN, YuFP Y ABOUT TPUUYKULYI UBNPMEFBI RSFPZP RPLPMEOYS - nzhy, u-37 Y DT. - TEBMYHEFUS FPF CE RPDIPD.

chPNPTSOP, YNEOOOP RP RTYYUYOYE "PDOPVPLPUFY" PUFBMYUSH OETEBMYYPCHBOOSCHNY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH RTPPELFSH NPDETOYBGYY "oBKFIPLB" CH YOFETEUBI chchu Y chnu uyb. fBL, Ch 1993 Z. RPUME ЪBLTSCHFYS RTPZTBNNNSCH NBMPЪBNEFOPZP RBMHVOPZP YFKhTNPCHYLB-VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB b-12 "bCHEODTSET" ZHYTNB "mPLIID" CH YOYGYBFYCHOPN RPTSDLE RTPTB VPFBMB RTPPELF RBMKHVOPZP VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB F-117N "uYIPL" CH LBYUEUFCHE "RETEIPDOPZP" UBNPMEFB, RTY'CHBOOPZP ЪBRPMOYFSH RTPVEM NETSDH VSCHUFTP UFBTEAEIN RBMKHVOSHCHN YFKHTNPCHYLPN b-6e "YOFTHDET" Y RETURELFYCHOSCHN JSF. rTPELF RTEDKHUNBFTYCHBM, CH YUBUFOPUFY, PUOBUFYFSH F-117 PVSHYUOSCHN ICHPUFPCHSHCHN PRETEOYEN, OPCHSHCHN ZHPOBTEN U KHMHYUYEOOOSCHN PVЪPTPN, ULMBDOSHCHN LTSHMPN, FPTNPЪOSCHN ZBLPN Y TSD PN DTHZYI KHUPCHETYEOUFCHPCHBOYK. pDOBLP bFB TBVPFB OE RPMKHYYMB RPDDETTSLY LPNBODPCHBOYS chnu uyub. OE YNEMY TBCHYFYS Y DTHZYE YOYGYBFYCHOSCH RTPELFSCH "mPLIYD" - RBMHVOSHK YFKHTNPCHYL-VPNVBTDYTPCHEYL A/F-117i, FBLFYUEULYK VPNVBTDYTPCHEYL F-117B. h WETEDYOE 1990-I ZZ. NPDB ABOUT FEIOPMPZYA "UFEME" CH uyb RPYMB ABOUT KhVShchMSH, Y REOFBZPO RTDPDPMTSYM ЪBLHRLY IPTPYP ЪBTELPNEODPCHYI UEVS PVSHYUOSHI FBLFYUEULYI UBNPMEFPCH F-15E, F-16C/D, F /A-18C/D.

PRYUBOYE LPOUFTHLGYY.

ZHAYEMSTS - RPMKHNPOPLLPCHPK LPOUFTHLGYY, UPUFPYF JFTEI UELGYK: OPUPCHPK, GEOFTBMSHOPK Y ICHPUFPCHPK. oUPCHBS UPDETTSYF RETEDOYK Y ЪBLBVIOOOSCHK PFUELY PVPTHDPCHBOYS, LBVYOH Y OYYKH RETEDOEK PRPTSH YBUUY. h RETEDOEN PFUELE HUFBOPCHMEOB BMELFTPOOBS BRRBTBFKHTB BMELFTPDYUFBOGYPOOPK UYUFENSCH HRTBCHMEOYS RPMEFPN Y PRFILP-BMELFTPOOSHE UFBOGYY RTYGEMSHOP-OBCHYZBGYPOOPZP LPNRMELUB IRA D.S. CHRETEDY OPUPCHPK UELGYY TBURPMPTSEOSCH YUEFSHTE YFBOZY RTYENOYLPCH CHPDHYOPZP DBCHMEOYS.

h TBKPOE RETEDOEK PRPTSH YBUUY YNEEFUS OYYB, ZDE TBNEEBEFUS FHTEMSH U DBFUILPN yl-UFBOGYY RETEDOEZP PVPTB OITSOEK RPMKHUZHETSCH (TBVPFBAEEK CH YOZHTBLTBOOPN DYBRB POE) Y MBETOSCHN DBMSHOPNETPN-GEMEHLBBFEMEN. OYYB ЪBLTSCHFB UEFYUBFSHCHN RTPЪTBYUOSCHN BMELFTPRTPCHPDSEIN LBOPN, OE RTPRKHULBAEIN tm-YЪMKHYUEOYE, OP UCHPVPDOP RTPRKHULBAEIN YЪMKHYUEOYE CH yl-DYBRBPЪPOE.

oLTBO LTERYFUS U RPNPESH OBLMBDLY RYMPPVTBOPK ZHPTNSCH RP RETYNEFTKH DMS TBUUYCHBOYS RTYIPDSEEZP TBDYPMPLBGYPOOPZP YJMKHYUEOYS TMU RTPPHYCHOILB.

oERPUTEDUFCHEOOP RPD MPVPCHSHCHN UFELMPN ZHPOBTS OBIPDIFUS OYYB, CH LPFPTPK RPD FBLYN TSE EMELFTPRTPCHPDSEIN LTBOPN - FHTEMSH U DBFUYLPN yl-UYUFENSCH RETEDOEZP PVЪPTB CH CHETIOEK RPM WORSE Y U MBETOSCHN DBMSHOPNETPN-GEMEKHLBBFEMEN.

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h GEOFTBMSHOPK UELGYY TBURPMPTSEOSCH CHPDHIPBVPTOIL Y CHPDDHYOSCHN LBOBMPN, DCHYZBFEMY, PFUEL CHPPTHTSEOYS, ZHAYEMSTSOSHCH FPRMYCHOSCHESCH VBLY Y OYY ZMBCHOSCHI PRPT YBUUY. UYMPCHBS UIENB UELGYY CHLMAYUBEF OEULPMSHLP YYTPLYI GEMSHOPLPCHBOSCHI YRBOZPHFPCH.

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Another opportunity for the F-117A to distinguish itself was the war against Yugoslavia in March-June 1999. In it, Nighthawks were widely used from the first day, being used for night strikes against air defense targets, as well as against other important stationary targets well covered by air defense means. . At the same time, laser-guided KAB remained the main weapon. According to some reports, a feature of the use of stealth in this operation was their constant cover by electronic warfare aircraft. If this is so, then there is no need to look for better evidence of the exaggeration of their invisibility for modern developed air defense. In general, much less has been written about the participation of the F-117A in this war in the American press than about the Gulf War, from which we can conclude that their use in the European theater was less successful. And besides, the conflict in the Balkans finally put an end to the myth of the invulnerability of “stealth.”

A real shock for America was the destruction on the third day of hostilities (March 27 at 20.55) of the first F-117A (pilot K. Dvili), which was shot down 32 km from Belgrade near the village of Budanovci. There are different versions of the destruction of this aircraft: by the Kub air defense missile system, by the MiG-29 fighter and by barrel fire anti-aircraft artillery. It is possible that various Serbian assets took part in “finishing off” this F-117A, so it is difficult to decide who gets the main credit. According to the American pilot, the attack on his plane was completely unexpected, without triggering the warning system. At the same time, K. Dvili “does not remember how he pulled the catapult ring.” Seven hours later, a search team found the pilot in a hideout where he was hiding from Yugoslav police and brought him to Aviano Air Base in Northern Italy. During the operation to search for him, helicopters of the search and rescue service NN-60 "Pave Hawk" were involved, one of which with 12 crew members and troops on board in the area of ​​​​Ugljevik was shot down, while only two crew members managed to escape, taken captured On April 1, at the Pleso airfield (Zagreb, Macedonia), another F-117A, which received combat damage, made an emergency landing. Another aircraft of this type, according to the Serbs, was lost on April 5 during an attack on the Crveni Kot TV tower. The pilot ejected and landed near the village of Remete. On May 20, the Serbs reported that a MiG-29 over Kosovo shot down another, probably the last enemy aircraft of the campaign, which was also classified as an F-117A. In total, according to the Yugoslav Ministry of Defense, the United States lost three F-117A in this war.

The consequences of these losses for America were much greater than could have been hoped. Quite recently, rumors that had been circulating for two years were confirmed that the remains of one of the stealth aircraft shot down in Yugoslavia were taken to Russia and subjected to comprehensive research. In its October 5, 2001 issue, Aviation Week carried a report from Zhukovsky in which an unnamed senior Russian aviation industry official “admitted that the remains of the F-117A were being used to improve capabilities Russian air defense detect and destroy stealth aircraft and cruise missiles" Of course, it is unlikely that studying the technological achievements of twenty years ago will greatly advance Russian science, but holding other people’s secrets in your hands is always useful.

As terrorist group The Islamic State (IS, an organization banned in Russia) is losing its position in Iraq and Syria, and the US Air Force is increasingly concerned about the behavior of Russian fighters in the skies over the conflict zone. This was reported by the American publication Aviation Week.

According to one of the US Air Force squadron commanders (an F-22 Raptor fighter pilot), Russian planes regularly “hang out” near coalition forces for as long as 20–30 minutes. He explains to the publication that American pilots are increasingly observing sudden and potentially dangerous maneuvers of Russian Su-35 and Su-30 fighters. At the same time, the F-22 is deprived of the ability to exchange data through the tactical system.

Russian Aerospace Forces fighters constantly fly within firing range ground troops coalition and close to American aircraft, whose pilots can observe them with the naked eye from the cockpit. But due to congestion in the airspace, the process of identifying them is difficult. Another problem the American has is the lack of a helmet-mounted target designation system.

The F-22 Raptor is the world's first and only fifth-generation multi-role stealth fighter in service with the US Air Force and created using stealth technologies.

The essence of "invisibility"

Today, the USA, Russia, China and Japan can boast of having combat aviation systems created using visibility reduction technologies. The presence of stealth technologies is one of the mandatory parameters of fifth-generation aircraft.

The essence of stealth technology is to reduce visibility in radar and infrared ranges. The effect is achieved due to a special coating, the specific shape of the aircraft body, as well as the materials from which its structure is made.

Radar waves emitted, for example, by an anti-aircraft transmitter missile complex, are reflected from the outer surface of the aircraft and are received by the radar station - this is radar signature.

"YouTube/TASS"

It is characterized effective dispersion area (EPR). This is a formal parameter, which is measured in units of area and is a quantitative measure of the property of an object to reflect an electromagnetic wave. The smaller this area, the more difficult it is to detect an aircraft and hit it with a missile (at least its detection range decreases).

For older bombers, the ESR can reach 100 square meters; for a typical modern fighter it ranges from 3 to 12 square meters. m, and for stealth aircraft - about 0.3-0.4 sq. m.

The EPR of complex objects cannot be accurately calculated using formulas; it is measured experimentally using special instruments at test sites or in anechoic chambers. Its value strongly depends on the direction from which the aircraft is irradiated, and for the same flying machine is represented by a range: as a rule, the best values ​​for the scattering area are recorded when the aircraft is irradiated in the forward hemisphere. Thus, there cannot be accurate ESR indicators, and experimental values ​​for existing fifth-generation aircraft are classified.

Western analytical resources, as a rule, underestimate EPR data for their stealth aircraft.

B-2: American "spirit"

Heavy stealth strategic bomber B-2A Spirit is the most expensive aircraft in the US Air Force fleet. As of 1998, the cost of one B-2 was $1.16 billion. The cost of the entire program was estimated at almost $45 billion.

The first public flight of the B-2 took place in 1989. A total of 21 aircraft were built: almost all of them were named after American states.

The B-2 has an unusual appearance and is sometimes compared to an alien ship. At one time, this gave rise to many rumors that the plane was built using technologies obtained from studying UFO debris in the so-called Area 51.

The aircraft is capable of carrying 16 atomic bombs or eight guided bombs weighing 907 kg with laser guidance, or 80 bombs of 227 kg caliber and deliver them from Whiteman Air Force Base (Missouri) to almost anywhere in the world. The flight range of the “ghost” is 11 thousand km.

Spirit is fully automated and has a crew of two pilots. The bomber has a significant safety margin and is capable of making a safe landing in a crosswind of 40 m/s. According to foreign publications, the EPR of a bomber is estimated in the range from 0.0014 to 0.1 sq. m. According to other sources, the bomber has more modest indicators - from 0.05 to 0.5 sq. m in frontal projection.

The main disadvantage of the B-2 Spirit is the cost of its maintenance. The aircraft can only be housed in a special hangar with an artificial microclimate - otherwise, ultraviolet radiation will damage the radio-absorbing coating of the aircraft.

The B-2 is invisible to outdated radars, but modern Russian-made anti-aircraft missile systems are able to detect and effectively destroy it. According to unconfirmed reports, one B-2 was shot down or received serious combat damage from the use of anti-aircraft missile system(SAM) during the NATO military operation in Yugoslavia.

F-117: American "lame goblin"

Lockheed F-117 Night Hawk- American single-seat subsonic tactical stealth attack aircraft from Lockheed Martin. It was intended for covert penetration through enemy air defense systems and attacks on strategically important ground targets.

The first flight took place on June 18, 1981. 64 units were produced, with the last production example delivered to the US Air Force in 1990. The creation and production of the F-117 cost more than $6 billion. In 2008, aircraft of this type were completely withdrawn from service both for financial reasons and due to the adoption of the F-22 Raptor.

The aircraft's EPR, according to foreign publications, ranged from 0.01 to 0.0025 sq. m depending on the angle.

The reduction in visibility for the F-117 was mainly achieved due to the specific angular shape of the hull, built according to the concept of “reflector planes”; composite and radio-absorbing materials and a special coating were also used. As a result, the bomber looked extremely futuristic, and because of this, the F-117 can rival the F-117 in terms of popularity in games and cinema. Hollywood stars first magnitude.

However, having achieved a significant reduction in visibility, the designers had to violate all possible laws aerodynamics, and the plane received disgusting flight characteristics. American pilots nicknamed him the “lame goblin” (Wobblin’ Goblin) for this.

As a result, out of 64 F-117A stealth aircraft built, six aircraft were lost from flight accidents - almost 10% of the total. total number. Only the most experienced pilots were allowed to fly the F-117, but they still crashed regularly.

The aircraft served in five wars: the US invasion of Panama (1989), the Persian Gulf(1991), Operation Desert Fox (1998), NATO war against Yugoslavia (1999), Iraq War (2003).

At least one aircraft was lost in combat missions in Yugoslavia - by Yugoslav forces air defense The invisible car was shot down using an obsolete Soviet S-125 Neva air defense system.

F-22: American "Raptor"

The first and so far only fifth-generation aircraft adopted for service is the American F-22A Raptor.

Production of the aircraft began in 2001. At the moment, several F-22s are taking part in the operation of coalition forces in Iraq to strike militants banned in Russia terrorist organization"Islamic State".

Today it is considered the most expensive fighter aircraft in the world. According to open sources, taking into account the costs of its development and other factors, the cost of each of the aircraft ordered by the American Air Force exceeds $300 million.

Nevertheless, the F-22A has something to boast about: the ability to fly at supersonic speed without turning on afterburner, powerful avionics (avionics) and, again, low visibility. However, in terms of maneuverability, the aircraft is inferior to many Russian fighters, even of the fourth generation.

The F-22's thrust vector changes only in one plane (up and down), while on the most modern Russian combat aircraft the thrust vector can change in all planes, independently of each other on the right and left engines.

There is no exact data on the EPR of the fighter: the spread of figures given by different sources ranges from 0.3 to 0.0001 sq. m. According to domestic experts, the EPR of the F-22A ranges from 0.5 to 0.1 sq. m. At the same time, the Irbis radar station of the Su-35S fighter is capable of detecting Raptor at a distance of at least 95 km.

Despite its prohibitive cost, the Raptor has a number of operational problems. In particular, the anti-radar coating of the fighter was easily washed off by rain, and although over time this drawback was eliminated, the price of the aircraft increased even more.

Another serious drawback of the F-22 is the pilot's oxygen supply system. In 2010, pilot Jeffrey Haney lost control of his fighter due to suffocation and crashed.

Since 2011, all F-22As were prohibited from rising above 7.6 thousand meters. It was believed that at such an altitude the pilot, when the first signs of suffocation occurred, would be able to descend to 5.4 thousand meters in order to remove the mask and breathe the air in the cockpit. The reason turned out to be design flaw- carbon dioxide from the engines entered the pilots’ breathing system. They tried to solve the problem using additional carbon filters. But the shortcoming has not yet been completely eliminated.

F-35: American "lightning"

F-35 Lightning II("Lightning") was conceived as a universal aircraft for the US armed forces, as well as NATO allies, capable of replacing the F-16 fighter, the A-10 attack aircraft, the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II vertical take-off and landing attack aircraft and the McDonnell carrier-based fighter-bomber Douglas F/A-18 Hornet.

A huge amount of money was spent on the development of this fifth-generation fighter-bomber (expenses exceeded $56 billion, and the cost of one aircraft was $108 million), but it was never possible to bring the design to fruition.

Su-57(perspective aviation complex front-line aviation, PAK FA) is the Russian answer to the American fifth-generation fighter F-22. The aircraft is the quintessence of everything that is modern in domestic aviation. Little is known about its characteristics, and most of is being kept secret for now. Thanks to its modernization potential, it can become a sixth generation fighter.

It is known that PAK FA is the first to use a whole range of new polymer carbon fiber reinforced plastics. They are two times lighter than aluminum of comparable strength and titanium, and four to five times lighter than steel. New materials make up 70% of the material fighter's coating; as a result, it was possible to sharply reduce the structural weight of the aircraft - it weighs four times less than an aircraft assembled from conventional materials.

The Sukhoi design bureau claims an “unprecedentedly low level of radar, optical and infrared signature” of the vehicle, although the EPR of the fighter is assessed by domestic experts rather restrainedly - in the region 0.3–0.4 sq. m. At the same time, some Western analysts express more optimistic assessments regarding our aircraft: for the T-50 they call the EPR three times less - 0.1 sq. m. The true data on the effective dispersion area is classified.

The Su-57 features high on-board intelligence. Radar station fighter with a new active phased array antenna (AFAR) Research Institute named after. Tikhomirov can detect targets at a distance of more than 400 kilometers, simultaneously track up to 60 targets and fire at up to 16. The minimum RCS of tracked targets is 0.01 square meters. m.

The PAK FA engines are spaced apart from the longitudinal axis of the aircraft; this solution made it possible to increase the thrust “shoulder” during maneuvering and create a spacious weapons bay capable of accommodating heavy weapons, which are inaccessible due to the size of the F-35 Lightning II.

The PAK FA is distinguished by excellent maneuverability and controllability in vertical and horizontal planes both at supersonic and at low speeds. Currently, the aircraft is equipped with first-stage engines, with which it is capable of maintaining supersonic speed in non-afterburning mode. After receiving the standard engine of the second stage, the tactical and technical characteristics of the fighter will increase significantly.

According to several media reports, the J-20 is equipped with Russian AL-31FN engines, and the Chinese military has massively purchased decommissioned engines of these brands.

"TASS/Ruptly"

Most of tactical and technical characteristics development remains secret. J-20 has a large number of similar and completely copied elements from the Russian technology demonstrator MiG 1.44 and American fifth-generation fighters F-22 and F-35.

The aircraft is made according to the canard design: a pair of ventral fins and closely spaced engines (similar to the MiG 1.44), a canopy and a nose section - identical to the same elements on the F-22. The location of the air intakes has a design similar to the F-35. The vertical tail is all-moving and has a geometry similar to that of the F-35 fighter.

The cockpit canopy is made according to a common unbound design, which improves visibility for the pilot and reduces the ESR of the vehicle.

X-2: Japanese "soul"

Mitsubishi ATD-X Shinshin- prototype Japanese fighter fifth generation with stealth technology. The aircraft was designed at the Technical Design Institute of the Japanese Ministry of Defense, and built by the corporation that produced the famous Zero fighter planes during World War II. The fighter received the poetic name Shinshin - “Soul”.

The ATD-X is close in size to the Swedish multi-role fighter Saab Gripen, and in shape - to the American F-22 Raptor. The dimensions and angle of inclination of the vertical tail, the shape of the influx and air intakes are identical to those of the American fifth-generation fighter. The cost of the aircraft could reach about $324 million.

The first public demonstration of the new Japanese fighter took place at the end of January 2016. Flight testing of the aircraft was supposed to take place in 2015, but the developer company, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, was unable to meet the delivery deadlines set by the Ministry of Defense.

In addition, Japanese specialists need to modify the fighter engine with controlled thrust vectoring, in particular, test the possibility of restarting it in the event of a possible stop during the flight.

The Japanese Ministry of Defense notes that the aircraft was built exclusively for testing technologies, including ATD-X - “stealth”. However, it could become the basis on which a replacement for the Japanese F-2 fighter-bomber, developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Lockheed Martin for air force self-defense of Japan.

In this case, the ATD-X will have to install three times more powerful engines, and enough space will be allocated in the aircraft body to accommodate ammunition. According to preliminary plans, the first F-3 fighter prototype will fly in 2024-2025.

Roman Azanov

On March 27, 1999, on the fourth day of NATO’s Operation Merciful Angel in Yugoslavia, the Serbian air defense gave the Pentagon a “gift”: they shot down the most secret aircraft of the Lockheed corporation from the Soviet Neva air defense system. The $50 million F117 A Stealth, which was called the most invulnerable aircraft in the world, was targeted by Yugoslav anti-aircraft gunners people's army and was destroyed with one hit. The Americans were shocked; US President Bill Clinton tried to hide this story from his fellow citizens.

The press convinced the Americans that the “stealth plane” crashed due to a “technical error.” The Serbs, they say, do not have missiles that can shoot down the most modern American vehicles. Of course, in 1999 there was a huge queue for the F117 A all over the world. The package of orders for it was planned 10 years in advance. This was the most expensive project of the US military-industrial complex, designed until 2018, and Lockheed planned to earn several hundred billion dollars.

But after March 27, 1999, all business plans collapsed. Customers began to refuse to cooperate with Lockheed. Surprisingly, the Americans, with their vaunted electronics, “missed” the Soviet missile and exposed the Stealth to attack. The Serbian military worked accurately; they understood that they were being monitored by spy satellites from the Pentagon. After carefully studying the flight schedule of the F117 A over Serbia, the JNA air defense headquarters came to a surprising conclusion: they never fly at high speeds, they approach the target very close and, most importantly, they return to the air base on the same route after the bombing. American pilots worked according to clear instructions and never violated their traditions. This “self-confidence” failed pilot Del Zelko, whose parents were from Yugoslavia, on March 24, 1999.
Sergeant Dragan Matic, who was the first to press the “start” button, shared a “military secret” in an interview with Serbian media: “It is a fantasy of American engineers and pilots that Stealth is invisible. For radars operating on low frequencies, it is quite noticeable. We spotted him another 50 kilometers away and waited for him to pass by our crew. Yes, its radiation signal is weaker than that of conventional aircraft, but it still appears on radar screens. Maybe the pilot made a mistake, maybe he got lost, but he was flying at an altitude of only 5 kilometers and fell into our sights. We shot down a terrible, fantastic machine - the most secret aircraft of the US Air Force. The pilot ejected and disappeared into the woods. Five hours later, a group of American special forces arrived in several helicopters and took him away. The very next day he was at the Aviano base near Venice. We managed to shoot down a “fantastic” plane. We immediately left the position along with the equipment. The faster you redeploy, the greater your chances of staying alive.”

Lieutenant Colonel Djordje Anicic, who commanded the air defense group, wrote the book “Change” after the war. In it, he described in detail the nightmarish days of Operation Merciful Angel. Here is just a small fragment from the documentary report of Lieutenant Colonel Anicic: “Over 650 aircraft took part in the first raid on Yugoslavia. To begin with, missile strikes were carried out on command posts and air defense installations of the Yugoslav Army. They were going to cause the most significant damage to our army literally in the first hours. But nothing came of it for them. The NATO command realized that it would be very difficult to disable the air defense. Therefore, a special air brigade was created, which consisted of 150 of the most modern aircraft designed to destroy the Belgrade air defense system. At that time, we had several dozen SAM-3 systems - this is third-generation rocket technology. And NATO aviation at that time already belonged to the 6th generation of weapons. This is the “colossus” that was thrown against the people of Serbia. Almost all of Europe and the United States, which is almost 600 million people, started a war against a small country with a population of only 10 million people. This was a demonstration of NATO’s strength; it immediately turned from a defensive alliance into an aggressive one. This was an overture before Kosovo was taken from us. Every day the number of aircraft participating in the war against us increased. But NATO failed to destroy our air defense system. We tried to defend ourselves with dignity. We often changed our positions, constantly deceived the enemy and forced him to wage war not only at night, but also during the day. At the end of the aggression, over 1,000 aircraft were flying from NATO air bases every day. This method of defense allowed the country's leadership to gain time. NATO failed to break Serbia and bring it to its knees.”

Now the “downed Stealth” is on display in the aviation museum near Belgrade. Here you can look at " American miracle equipment" worth $50 million. By the way, the team of Lieutenant Colonel Djordje Anicic destroyed not only the F117 A in 1999. On May 30, it managed to damage the F16. The Pentagon then sent a special group in four helicopters and ten planes to pick up the pilot and his car. After the end of the bombing of Yugoslavia, the military said that American aircraft a lot were shot down. NATO tried not to talk about this. After all, where the vehicles destroyed by the JNA air defense fell, a few minutes later American special forces found themselves. They worked painstakingly and carefully - they assembled everything down to the last screw. The wreckage and parts of the aircraft were taken with them to US Air Force bases in Italy and Germany. They covered their tracks, as they say, so that no one could prove that the Serbs shot down the most expensive planes in the world from old air defense systems made back in the days of the USSR.

Konstantin Kachalin - expert on the Balkans (Moscow)

Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk - American tactical bomber developed by Lockheed Martin in the late 1970s. The first production aircraft based on the use of stealth technologies.

History of the F-117

Possibility of creating combat aircraft, which would be invisible to enemy radars has been a military dream since the advent of air defense radars. Even during the Second World War, German aircraft designers tried to make their aircraft invisible; this work continued after the war as part of various research programs. In the 1960s, as part of a project to create a high-speed reconnaissance aircraft, some techniques were actively used, however, due to the enormous power of the engines and the speeds that literally heated the body, the aircraft did not become invisible. However, the potential was noticeable.

In 1977, the XCom experimental committee was formed at the Pentagon, whose task was to bring Stealth technology to the level of practical applicability. It was then, on the basis of developments on the SR-71, as well as the results of tests under the secret XST program, that the committee authorized the Senior Prom program (from which the ACM stealth cruise missile grew), ATB (which became a bomber), and, finally, Senior Trend, which resulted in the F-117.

Since most of the work on Senior Trend was carried out in the Skunk Works laboratories, the development contract went to the owner of the laboratories, Lockheed Martin. The requirements of the secrecy regime were extremely high, evidence of this is the name of the aircraft - the F-117 fell out of the general line of aircraft:, and so on. According to an unspoken rule, the US Air Force assigned three-digit numbers to secret aircraft.

F-117 design

The design of the aircraft is based on stealth technology. The aircraft itself is built according to the “flying wing” aerodynamic design with a V-shaped tail. Completely uncharacteristic of subsonic aircraft, a highly swept wing (67.5°) with a sharp leading edge, a wing profile outlined by straight lines, a faceted fuselage formed by flat trapezoidal and triangular panels are located in such a way relative to each other as to reflect electromagnetic waves away from the radar enemy. The flat air intakes located above the wing on both sides of the fuselage have longitudinal partitions made of radio-absorbing materials. Part of the cold air flow is separated at the entrance to the air intakes and, bypassing the engines, enters flat nozzles shielded by the wing, the lower panels of which are covered with heat-absorbing ceramic tiles, which significantly reduces the aircraft’s IR signature. The aircraft does not have external suspensions; all weapons are located inside the fuselage.

Polymer composite materials and radio-absorbing materials and coatings are widely used in the design of the aircraft; only 10% of the structure is made of metals. As a result of these measures, the effective scattering surface of the aircraft when irradiated by a radar from the front was reduced, according to some data, to 0.025 m², which is several tens of times less than the EPR of conventional aircraft of similar sizes.

Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk - the first stealth aircraft. Skyships channel video

It is worth noting that the high stealth characteristics had to be paid for with low flight characteristics. The plane is very difficult to control - it was developed a complex system automatic control only so that it can remain stable in the air. Naturally, if visually detected by enemy fighters, the F-117 was doomed - its maneuverability was barely higher than that of the Shuttle. In addition, the shape of the aircraft completely excluded the possibility of breaking the sound barrier. However, when criticizing the vehicle, it is worth considering that the F-117 is a tactical bomber, not a fighter, and maneuverable combat in targeting was not envisaged for such an aircraft at all.

The weapons compartment is two-sectional, with a system of retractable beam holders. Typical weapons are two GBU-10 or GBU-27 guided bombs. It is possible to install AGM-88 HARM, AGM-65 “Maverick” missiles, B-61 or B-83 atomic bombs (two each), GBU-15 bomb or BLU-9 container. It is possible to install rail guides for AIM-9 “Sidewinder” on the beam.

Production

All production aircraft were produced in modification “A”. 64 units were produced, with the last production example delivered to the US Air Force in 1990.

Operation of the F-117

The existence of the F-117 aircraft was first officially recognized on November 10, 1988, when the Pentagon issued a press release describing the history of the aircraft and released one retouched photograph. The first public display of two F-117s took place on April 21, 1990. The aircraft was first presented at the Le Bourget air show only in 1991 after Operation Desert Storm.

Accidents and disasters

In the entire history of operation of F-117 aircraft, according to official data, 7 aircraft were lost, including one F-117 that was shot down during combat operations.

Combat use

• US Invasion of Panama (1989)
• Gulf War (1991)
• Operation Desert Fox (1998)
• NATO war against Yugoslavia (1999)
• Iraq War (2003)

Removal from service

The US Air Force planned to use the F-117 until 2018, but rising costs for the program and the obsolescence of the bomber in front of the new fighter forced it to abandon the F-117 in favor of the F-22.