International Civil Aviation Organization. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO): charter, members and structure of the organization How many countries are members of ICAO

International organization

Raymond Benjamin

International organization civil aviation (ICAO from English ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization) is a specialized UN agency that sets international standards for civil aviation and coordinates its development in order to improve safety and efficiency.

ICAO was established by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is not an ICAO.

The International Civil Aviation Organization is based on the provisions of Part II of the Chicago Convention of 1944. Exists since 1947. The headquarters is located in Montreal, Canada. The USSR became a member of ICAO on November 14, 1970.

The statutory purpose of ICAO is to ensure the safe, orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world and other aspects of organization and coordination international cooperation on all issues of civil aviation, including international transportation. In accordance with ICAO rules, international airspace is divided into flight information regions - airspace, the boundaries of which are established taking into account the capabilities of navigation and air traffic control facilities. One of the functions of ICAO is to assign four-letter individual codes to airports around the world - identifiers used to transmit aeronautical and meteorological information at airports, flight plans (flight plans), designation of civil airfields on radio navigation maps, etc.

ICAO Charter

The ICAO Charter is considered to be the ninth edition of the International Civil Aviation Convention (also called the Chicago Convention), which includes amendments from 1948 to 2006. It also has the designation ICAO Doc 7300/9.

The Convention is supplemented by 18 Annexes. Annexes), establishing international standards and recommended practices.

ICAO codes

Both ICAO and IATA have own system codes for airports and airlines. ICAO uses four-letter airport codes and three-letter airline codes. In the US, ICAO codes usually differ from IATA codes only by the K prefix (for example, LAX = KLAX). In Canada, similarly, the prefix C is added to IATA codes to form an ICAO code. In the rest of the world, ICAO and IATA codes are not related to each other, since IATA codes are based on phonetic similarity, and ICAO codes are location-based.

ICAO is also responsible for issuing alphanumeric aircraft type codes, which consist of 2-4 characters. These codes are commonly used in flight plans.

ICAO also provides telephone call signs for aircraft worldwide. They consist of a three-letter airline code and a one- or two-word call sign. Usually, but not always, the call signs correspond to the name of the airline. For example, the code for Aer Lingus is EIN and the call sign is Shamrock, for Japan Airlines International the code is JAL and the call sign is Japan Air. Thus, an Aer Lingus flight number 111 would be coded "EIN111" and pronounced "Shamrock One Hundred Eleven" over the radio; a Japan Airlines flight of the same number would be coded "JAL111" and pronounced "Japan Air One Hundred Eleven." ICAO is responsible for standards for aircraft registration, which include alphanumeric codes indicating the country of registration.

Organization structure

The structure of the organization is described in the second part of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. In accordance with Article 43 “Name and structure” the organization consists of an Assembly, a Council and "other organs that may be necessary".

The international organization ICAO operates under the auspices of the UN and is a coordinating body of global importance in the field of civil aviation (CA).

ICAO Mission and Purpose

According to the charter, the goal of the ICAO is to ensure the safe and controlled development of civil aviation and to promote cooperation between countries on the organization of flights and passenger services. Key role international body - in dividing airspace into sections using navigation aids and monitoring compliance with borders.

ICAO assigns special 4-letter codes to airports so that aircraft captains can clearly transmit information on navigation and meteorological conditions, draw up flight plans and maps.

What does ICAO do?

The international civil aviation organization is engaged in the approval of world standards and making recommendations in the field of aircraft design, regulates the work of pilots and crew, dispatchers and airport employees, and monitors the implementation of safety regulations.

The organization creates general instrument flight rules, unifies aeronautical charts and aviation communications. ICAO's priorities also include concern for environment and minimizing environmental damage due to air emissions and noise pollution.

The UN body aims to improve the movement of travelers by standardizing customs procedures and improving health and migration controls.

IR identification codesAABOUT

Like IATA, the International Civil Aviation Organization has a classification of codes to designate airports and air carriers. The difference between the codes of both organizations is that the IATA code is based on the abbreviation of the name, while the ICAO code is based on location. ICAO digital combinations are also needed in flight plans and call signs for aircraft.

Charter and structure

The version of the Chicago Convention with amendments and provisions supplementing the document was adopted as the organization’s charter.

The International Civil Aviation Organization includes an Assembly, a Council and an Air Navigation Commission, as well as various committees and regional divisions in Paris, Bangkok, Mexico City and other cities.

The Assembly meets once every three years or more often on exceptional occasions. The body elects the chairman and other management officials, reviews the reports of the Council, draws up a budget and plans financial operations, checks the targeted expenditures of funds and considers proposals for amendments to the charter.

The Council of the ICAO organization consists of 36 countries, which are elected by the Assembly. Council members draw up annual reports, carry out the instructions of the Assembly and appoint an air transport committee, establish an air navigation commission and its head. The functions of the Council also include appointment wages To the President, control and informing member states of deviations from the Assembly plan.

The Air Navigation Commission considers proposals to amend the Annexes to the Chicago Convention and advises the Council on air navigation aspects.

Security

Illegal air traffic violations pose a threat to the safety and stability of aviation, which is why ICAO is developing plans to prevent terrorist attacks and ensure the safety of passengers and crew. She created a program of 7 courses on preparation for flight and survival in extreme situations. ICAO operates about 10 training centers that actively cooperate with developing countries on pilot training.

ParticipantsICAO

Members of the specialized agency are 191 countries from the UN (except Dominica and Liechtenstein) and the Cook Archipelago.

Information information

The headquarters is located in Montreal. ICAO postal address: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montréal, Quebec H3C 5H7, Canada. The organization has 8 regional offices in different parts peace.

CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION ICAO

ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization - ICAO) - founded in 1944.

At the initiative of the United States, a conference was convened in Chicago in December 1944 ( Chicago Conference), in which 52 states took part, to discuss the problems of international civil aviation. It was agreed that a new organization would be created to deal with air navigation issues that would improve flight safety and regularity, as well as economic issues, which should improve the efficiency and economy of air transport.

The Chicago conference ended with the signing of the Convention on International Civil Aviation - Chicago Convention, and ICAO was officially created. The city of Montreal (Canada) was chosen as the location of the ICAO headquarters.

In May 1948, an agreement between the UN and ICAO came into force, recognizing ICAO as a specialized agency of the UN.

The USSR did not take part in the Chicago Conference, since it was attended by states with which the USSR was at war.

After the USSR joined ICAO on November 14, 1970, Russian was recognized as the official (fourth) language of this organization.

At a diplomatic conference in Montreal in September 1977, a protocol was adopted on the authentic four-lingual text of the Convention and its official text in Russian.

Thus, the official languages ​​of ICAO are:

1. Russian.

2. English.

3. French.

4. Spanish.

Arabic and Chinese are considered working languages ​​of ICAO. They are used to a limited extent in the work of the ICAO Council and its permanent bodies, at sessions of the Assembly and major specialized conferences and meetings.

As of 1994, ICAO unites 183 states of the world.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF ICAO

The purposes and objectives of ICAO are to develop principles and methods of international air navigation and to promote the planning and development of international air transport in order to:

1. Ensuring the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world.

2. Encouraging the art of aircraft design and operation.

3. Encouraging the development of air routes, airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation.

4. Meeting the needs of the world's people for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport.

5. Preventing economic losses caused by unreasonable competition.

6. Ensuring full respect for the rights of Contracting States and a fair opportunity for each Contracting State to use airlines engaged in international air services.

7. Elimination of cases of discrimination in relations between Contracting States.

8. Ensuring flight safety in international air navigation.

9. Promoting the development of international civil aeronautics in all its aspects.

MEMBERSHIP OF ICAO

Any UN member state that was part of the Anti-Hitler Coalition during World War II, and neutral countries, become members of ICAO on the 30th day after joining the Chicago Convention.

States that participated on the side during World War II Hitler's Germany, may accede to the convention subject to the following conditions:

1. With the consent of the UN.

2. By special permission of the ICAO Assembly, the adoption of which requires 4/5 votes.

3. In the absence of objection from any State that was annulled or attacked during the Second World War by the troops of a State wishing to become a member of ICAO.

A state ceases to be a member of ICAO if it declares its denunciation of the Chicago Convention. The denunciation takes effect one year after ICAO receives the notification.

If a state is expelled from the UN, it automatically ceases to be a member of ICAO, unless the UN General Assembly in its decision directly speaks of the advisability of maintaining the membership of this state in ICAO.

ICAO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The highest body of ICAO, in which all ICAO member states can be represented on equal terms, is Assembly of Member States of ICAO. Convened once every three years. If the need arises, on the recommendation of the ICAO Council, or at the request of at least 1/5 of the organization’s members, emergency sessions of the ICAO Assembly may be convened.

The functions of the Assembly are to determine the direction of ICAO's activities in the field of international air navigation and international air transport:

1. Elect the ICAO Council, consider reports, take appropriate actions.

2. Determine the scale of contributions of ICAO member countries to the organization’s budget.

3. Approve the ICAO budget.

4. Consider and approve proposals to amend the Chicago Convention.

The contribution of ICAO Member States is calculated as follows:

Contribution 100% = K1(75%) + K2(25%),

Where:

K1 = (National income of the state) / (National income of all ICAO countries),

K2 = (International flight hours of the state) / (International flight hours of all ICAO countries).

Min...Max contribution = 0.06%...25% of national income.

ICAO Council- the executive body of the organization, ensuring the continuity of the organization’s activities in the intervals between sessions of the Assembly. Bears responsibility to the supreme body of ICAO for its activities. Performs the following functions:

1. Implementation of Assembly decisions and reporting on their work.

2. Election of the Secretary General and senior staff.

3. Managing the organization's money.

4. Approval of international standards and recommendations, their inclusion in the annexes to the Convention.

5. Registration of international aviation agreements.

6. Carrying out arbitration functions in regulating disagreements between ICAO member states.

There are seven permanent working bodies under the control of the Council (see ICAO structure diagram).

ICAO Secretariat - a permanent body of the Council, ensuring the work of the assemblies, the Council and other bodies, as well as regional centers of the organization.

Secretary General - the chief executive officer of the organization. Appointed by the Council and heads it.

The Secretariat is in charge of collecting and summarizing information on international civil aviation issues and maintaining relations with ICAO member states. It carries out these functions through five specialized departments:

1. Air Navigation Directorate - deals with flight safety issues, considers issues related to the development of recommendations and standards for companies.

2. Air Transport Department - deals with issues of ensuring the efficiency of transportation on international air routes.

3. Legal Department - deals with issues related to the development of standards and recommendations in the field of air law, provides consultations on legal interpretation and understanding of the main provisions of the Chicago Convention, and prepares drafts of new decisions.

4. Office of Technical Assistance - develops proposals to provide financial and technical assistance, to create air terminal complexes and equip air routes in hard-to-reach areas and ocean spaces.

5. Administration - deals with personnel issues, translations, registration and distribution of documents.

ICAO Regional Centers established in addition to the headquarters in Montreal for the operational work of ICAO:

1. European region - Paris.

2. North American and Caribbean countries - Mexico City.

3. Countries South America- Lima.

4. Pacific Ocean and Asia - Bangkok (Thailand).

5. Middle East and East Africa - Cairo (Egypt).

6. Rest of Africa - Dakkar.

ICAO is a specialized agency of the UN, the protocol of recognition of which was signed on October 1, 1947 and entered into force on May 13, 1948. ICAO is an international governmental organization. Initially, after the signing of the Chicago Convention, there was a Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO). After the entry into force of the Chicago Convention on April 4, 1947 at the 1st session Assembly held in Montreal in May 1947, PICAO was renamed ICAO. At the proposal of the Government of Canada, Montreal was chosen as the location of the ICAO Headquarters.

1947

The main objectives of the ICAO, in accordance with the provisions of the Chicago Convention, are issues of global importance for international civil aviation:

• development of principles and methods of international air navigation;
• promoting the planning and development of international air transport in order to ensure the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation;
• encouraging the art of designing and operating aircraft for peaceful purposes;
• encouraging the development of airways, aerodromes and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation;
• meeting the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport;
• preventing economic losses caused by unreasonable competition;
• ensuring full respect for the rights of states and fair opportunities for each of them to use airlines engaged in international air traffic;
• avoiding discrimination in relations between states;
• ensuring flight safety in international air navigation;
• promoting the development of international civil aeronautics in all its aspects.

The composition and status of ICAO bodies are determined by the provisions of the Chicago Convention, which, in essence, is the ICAO charter. In accordance with the Chicago Convention, the ICAO consists of an Assembly, a Council (with its subordinate bodies) and a Secretariat. The Council and Secretariat are headed respectively by the President of the Council and the Secretary General, who are the chief officers of the ICAO.

The ICAO Assembly is composed of representatives of all Contracting States and is the sovereign supreme body of ICAO. The Assembly is convened every three years (unless there is a need for an extraordinary convocation). At the sessions of the Assembly, the work of the ICAO is reviewed in detail, policies are developed for the coming years and the budget for the three-year period of activity is approved by vote. Each Contracting State is entitled to one vote. Decisions of the Assembly are taken by a majority vote (except for cases provided for by the Chicago Convention).

The ICAO Assembly elects the Council, which consists of representatives of 33 Contracting States and is the governing body executive body ICAO, which continuously guides its work between Assemblies. Elections to the ICAO Council are carried out taking into account the rotation requirements provided for by the Chicago Convention and on the basis of adequate representation of three groups of states, namely: those playing a leading role in air transport; not included in the Council on any other basis, but contributing greatest contribution in the provision of facilities for international civil air navigation; not otherwise included in the Council, but whose election ensures that all major geographical regions of the world are represented on the ICAO Council.

The Chicago Convention provides for the cooperation of Contracting States in ensuring the greatest possible degree of uniformity in the adoption of national Aviation Regulations. To achieve this, the ICAO Council is vested with regulatory powers that such governing bodies in other international organizations.

The ICAO Council elects its President, who has no voting rights and can be re-elected, for a term of three years. The responsibilities of the President are as follows:

• convene meetings of the ICAO Council, Air Transport Committee and Air Navigation Commission;
• act as a representative of the Council; perform on behalf of the Council the functions assigned to him by the Council.

The functions of the ICAO Council include (Article 54 of the Chicago Convention):

• appointment and determination of responsibilities of the Air Transport Committee, which is formed from among representatives of the members of the Council and is responsible to it;
• establishment of the Air Navigation Commission; appointment of the chief executive officer - Secretary General;
• adoption of SARPs, which are formalized as Annexes to the Chicago Convention;
• consideration of recommendations of the Air Navigation Commission on changing SARPs and taking appropriate measures in this regard, provided for by the Chicago Convention, etc.

The ICAO Council has the power to convene ICAO Assemblies.

Each ICAO Committee or specialized body has a corresponding unit of the ICAO Secretariat, staffed by personnel selected for technical competence in the relevant field. The personnel of the units are called upon to provide technical and administrative assistance to government representatives constituting the ICAO Council, Committees and specialized bodies.

The ICAO Secretariat, headed by the Secretary General, consists of five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Cooperation Bureau, the Legal Bureau and the Bureau of Administration. Administration and Services). Secretariat staff are recruited on a broad geographical basis, ensuring international representation in his activities.

ICAO works closely with other members of the UN community - governmental organizations, which are: World Meteorological Organization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunication Union, Universal Postal Union Union), World organization World Health Organization, International Labor Organization and International maritime organization(International Maritime Organization). Non-governmental organizations also take part in events held by ICAO: International Association air transport (International Air Transport Association - IATA), International Council airports (Airports Council International - ICA), International Federation Association of Air Line Pilots (International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations), World Tourism Organization and others international organizations.

International Standards (SARPs) are called Chicago Annexes for ease of reference. For the safety and regularity of international air navigation, it is recognized that it is necessary to apply uniformly the requirements included by Contracting States in International Standards. Under Article 38 of the Chicago Convention, in the event of non-compliance with any International Standard, Contracting States are required to notify the ICAO Council of the differences between their national aviation regulations, the practices of that State and the provisions of the International Standard.

Uniform application of the requirements included in Recommended Practices is considered desirable in the interests of the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. Although the Chicago Convention does not contain any obligations regarding Recommended Practices, the ICAO Council has requested Contracting States to notify differences not only from International Standards, but also from Recommended Practices.

ICAO produces series of technical publications, as well as special publications that are not included in any of the series of technical publications (for example, the ICAO Aeronautical Chart Catalog or Meteorological Tables).

The Procedures of Air Navigation Service (PANS) are approved by the ICAO Council. Intended for worldwide application, they contain operating procedures that have not yet been designated as SARPs, as well as material of a more permanent nature that is considered too detailed to be included in an Annex, or is subject to frequent changes and additions, and for which the process provided for by the Chicago Convention would be too difficult. There are currently four main PANS documents: Doc 4444 Flight and Maintenance Procedures air traffic"; Doc 8168 Aircraft Operations (Volume 1 Flight Procedures and Volume 2 Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures); Doc 8400 ICAO Abbreviations and Codes; Doc 7030 Regional Supplementary Rules.

The entire territory Globe The ICAO Council divided into nine air navigation regions:

• 1. Africa and Indian Ocean(AIF);
• 2. South East Asia(SEA);
• 3. European (EUR);
• 4. North Atlantic (NAT);
• 5. North American (NAM);
• 6. South African (SAM);
• 7. Caribbean Sea(CAR);
• 8. Near and Middle East (MID);
• 9. Pacific (PAC).

Supplementary Procedures (SUPPS) have the same status as PANS, but apply only in their respective regions. They are developed in consolidated form, since some of them apply to adjacent regions or are the same in two or more regions.

Technical Manuals, which are prepared under the authority of the ICAO Secretary General, contain guidance and information material that develops and complements the International Standards, Recommended Practices and PANS, and serve to assist in their application.

Air navigation plans are also prepared with the approval of the ICAO Secretary General based on the recommendations of regional air navigation meetings and the decisions of the ICAO Council adopted on them. They specify the requirements for international air navigation facilities and services in the relevant ICAO air navigation regions. Air Navigation Plans are amended periodically to reflect changes in requirements and provisions associated with the implementation of recommended facilities and services.

ICAO Circulars, which are also prepared under the authority of the ICAO Secretary General, contain specific information of interest to Contracting States, including studies on technical issues.

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)

Statutory provisions and organizational structure

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is one of the most representative intergovernmental organizations with the status specialized institutions UN.

This organization was established by the Chicago Convention in 1944 and operates under the auspices of the United Nations. The headquarters is located in Montreal, Canada.

ICAO's activities are based on the equality of nations in the activities of the air transport industry. Today, more than 180 states of the world are members of ICAO.

One of the features of ICAO is that it statutory provisions are not drawn up as a separate document, but are included in the text of the Chicago Convention of 1944 as an integral part of it.

The ICAO Charter is considered to be in its ninth edition International Convention Civil Aviation Convention (also called the Chicago Convention), which includes changes from 1948 to 2006. It also has the designation ICAO Doc 7300/9.

The Convention is supplemented by 18 Annexes, which establish international standards and recommended practices.

Let us consider the organizational structure of representative ICAO bodies on the diagram:

Rice. 3.1

ICAO Assembly

The ICAO Assembly meets at least once every three years, and at the request of the Council or at the request of at least one fifth of total number Contracting States may hold an extraordinary session of the Assembly at any time.

Until the amendment made by the 8th Assembly on 14 June 1954 and which came into force on 12 December 1956, the Assembly met annually, and until the amendment by the 14th Assembly on 15 September 1962 and came into force on 11 September 1975, for a request from any ten Contracting States was sufficient to hold an extraordinary session of the Assembly.

The rights and responsibilities of the Assembly include:

election at each session of the Assembly of its Chairman and other officials;

election of Contracting Member States of the Council;

reviewing Council reports and taking appropriate action on them;

determination of the annual budget and financial arrangements of the Organization;

checking expenses and approving financial reports of the Organization;

consideration of proposals for changes to the provisions of the current Convention and amendments to them.

ICAO Council

The ICAO Council consists of 36 Contracting States, elected by the Assembly every three years. The original text of the 1944 convention provided for a Council consisting of 21 members. Since then, the number of states has changed four times: at the 13th session of the Assembly (27 states), the 17th (30), the 21st (33) and the 28th (36). Last modified introduced at the 28th (extraordinary) session of the Assembly on October 26, 1990, entered into force on November 28, 2002.

The responsibilities of the council include:

preparation of annual reports to the Assembly;

carrying out the instructions of the Assembly;

appointment of an Air Transport Committee formed from among the members of the Council;

establishment of the Air Navigation Commission and appointment of its Chairman;

managing the finances of the Organization, including determining the salary of the President of the Council;

President of the ICAO Council

The President of the Council is elected by the Council itself for a term of three years with the possibility of re-election. The President of the Council does not have his own vote; it can be any state from among the Contracting Parties.

In the event that a member of the Council becomes the President of the Council, then his seat becomes vacant - then the Assembly in as soon as possible this space is filled by another Contracting State.

The Council also elects one or more vice-presidents, who retain the right to vote while serving as President of the Council.

The responsibilities of the Council President include:

convening meetings of the Council, the Air Transport Committee and the Air Navigation Commission;

performing on behalf of the Council the functions assigned to him by the Council.

Air Navigation Commission ICAO

The Air Navigation Commission consists of 19 persons appointed by the Council from among persons nominated by Contracting States. In accordance with the original text of the 1944 convention, the Commission consisted of 12 people. Subsequently, this number changed twice: at the 18th session of the Assembly (15 people) and at the 27th (19). The last change, made at the 27th Session of the Assembly on October 6, 1989, came into force on April 18, 2005.

The responsibilities of the Air Navigation Commission include:

consideration of proposals for changes to the Annexes to the Convention, recommending them to the Council for adoption;

establishment of technical subcommittees;

consultation of the Council regarding the communication of information to Contracting States for the development of air navigation.

Other organs

Air Transport Committee;

Legal Committee;

Joint Air Navigation Support Committee;

Finance Committee;

Committee for the Control of Unlawful Interference in International Air Transport;

Personnel Committee.

ICAO goals and objectives

The purposes and objectives of ICAO are to develop principles and methods of international air navigation and to promote the planning and development of international air transport in order to:

1. Ensuring the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world.

2. Encouraging the art of designing and operating aircraft.

3. Encouraging the development of air routes, airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation.

4. Meeting the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport.

5. Preventing economic losses caused by unreasonable competition.

6. Ensuring full respect for the rights of Contracting States and a fair opportunity for each Contracting State to use airlines engaged in international air services.

7. Exceptions to cases of discrimination in relations between Contracting States.

8. Ensuring flight safety in international air navigation.

9. Promoting the development of international civil aeronautics in all its aspects.

In addition, ICAO fulfills requests developing countries to assist in improving air transport systems and training aviation personnel.