Description of the Ugra River according to plan. Ugra is a river in the Kaluga region. When is it more profitable to fly? Chip flights

In the southeastern part of the Smolensk region on the Smolensk Upland, the Ugra River originates. Flows through the territory of the Smolensk and Kaluga regions, is a tributary of the largest Russian river Oka. The length of the Ugra is 399 km. The Ugra falls into the Oka near Kaluga (about 10 km). The Ugra is fed mainly by melt water (60%), the share of groundwater is 30%, the rest is rain power. River flow speed is up to 0.6 m/s. Usually the Ugra freezes at the end of November - beginning of December, and the flood begins at the end of March.

The water in the river is clean, calm, and the bottom is flat. The riverbed of the Ugra is composed of small pebbles and sand. At the mouth of the river there is a large amount of algae.

The waters are inhabited by burbot, pike perch, sterlet, pike, bream, chub, pod and roach. The banks of the river are high and densely covered with forest. In the lower reaches of the Ugra sandy beaches.

Fishing and relaxation on the Ugra River

Tourism on the river is considered quite developed. Thanks to good ecology and rich natural resources, the river banks are suitable for family vacation. Since 1997, the same name has been operating here national park.

Ugra is also popular among kayaking enthusiasts. The main routes for kayakers begin near the Ugra station.

Thanks to a large number fish, Ugra has also gained recognition among fishermen. Fishing on the Ugra is popular not only among local residents, but also among visitors, for example, from Moscow, from where it’s about 200 km to the river.

Ugra played an important role in the history of the USSR and in the Great Patriotic War.

The Ugra is a river flowing through the Kaluga and Smolensk regions of Russia. It is a left tributary of the Ob River. The Ugra is a natural border on the approaches to the capital of our Motherland - Moscow. Therefore, many glorious feats of arms were accomplished on its banks in the name of the fatherland. About this beautiful Moscow region the river will go speech in this article.

Name of the river Ugra

There is some debate regarding the etymology of the river's name. Some believe that this name is not of Slavic, but of Finno-Ugric origin. In this language, the root "uga" ("yuga") means "river". Others believe that the word “Ugra” goes back to the Old Russian Qgr, which means “worm.” It was from this lexeme that modern word"acne". If we take this hypothesis into account, we can assume that in ancient times people nicknamed the river “twisting, winding” for the fickle nature of its flow, abruptly changing its direction.

The origin of the Ugra River, some associate its name with the Magyar settlement that stood on its bank in time immemorial. The tribal name of the Magyars was the word "Ugrians".

Hydrological description

The length of the river is 399 kilometers. The area of ​​the basin is approximately 15,700 km 2. The source of the Ugra is located in the southeastern part of the Smolensk region.

The Ugra is a river that is fed in several ways: 60% of the annual flow comes from melt water, 30% is groundwater, and only 5% of the flow comes with precipitation. The river level regime is characterized by high, clearly defined floods, fairly low low water in the summer-autumn period, sometimes interrupted by floods due to heavy rains, and consistently low low water in winter. At the end of March, the ice on the river melts, and the spring flood begins, which ends in early May. During this period, the water level rises by 10-11 meters compared to winter low water. On average, the water flow in the river per year is 90 m 3 per second.

The Ugra is covered with ice from late November to January. The river never freezes on the rifts; due to the strong current, the thickness of the ice on the Ugra varies.

The river valley is characterized big amount floodplains, the width of which reaches 1-2 kilometers, and in the lower reaches - 3.5 kilometers. The width of the Ugra channel is 70-80 meters in the lower reaches. average speed river flow - 0.4-0.6 m/s.

Source of the river

The Ugra is a river originating in the Smolensk region, Elninsky district, 25 kilometers from the city of Elnya, 2 km from the village of Vysokoye. This place has been declared a natural monument of local importance. The natural boundaries of this protected area is the lowland area in which it is located. The source of the river is a small swamp, which is fed by surface water flow. The Ugra Valley in this place is almost not expressed; it is almost completely overgrown with small forests and small bushes. Birch predominates among the trees here, aspen is less common. The age of green spaces reaches 35-40 years. Only near the village of Vysokoye the river acquires normal look with a well-defined channel and normal flow.

Tributaries of the river

IN Kaluga region the river extends its bed for 160 kilometers. Many streams and rivers flow into the Ugra. Its main tributaries are: Zhizhala, Izver, Shanya, Techa, Ressa, Vorya, Rosvyanka, Veprika, Verezhka, Sokhna, Kunova, Remezh, Uzhaika, Debrya, Dymenka, Gordota, Oskovka, Makovka, Baskakovka, Sobzha, Tureya, Voronovka, Sigosa , Volosta, Leonidovka and many others. Total kaluga river The Ugra has 44 tributaries. Its bed consists of pebbles and fine sand. The Ugra flows into the Oka at a distance of ten kilometers upstream from the city of Kaluga.

Historical facts

The Ugra is a river that often served as a natural border between different political and ethno-tribal entities. Beginning in 1147, chronicles contain references to political clashes on it. The so-called “standing on the Ugra River” became widely known. This is how Russian chronicles refer to the confrontation that took place between the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan the Third and the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat in 1480. This moment in the history of Rus' is considered the end Tatar-Mongol yoke. The defensive significance of Ugra is emphasized by the nickname that the people awarded it - “The Belt of the Virgin”.

On the banks of the Ugra River, many Russians distinguished themselves with glorious military exploits. Here in 1812 the famous Denis Davydov held the defense. During the Second World War, during the attack of Hitler's troops on Moscow, the Ugra became a natural barrier between the defenders of the Motherland and the invaders. The squadron commander accomplished a feat on the river. He sent his burning plane to the fascist crossing across the Ugra and destroyed it.

Fishing on the river

In Ugra you can catch the most different fish: pike, burbot, roach, bream, silver bream, sterlet, catfish or pike perch. On the stern stretch, which is located below the riffle, pike are caught well with live bait or spinners. Other representatives of the river's fish fauna prefer the worm. In spring, it is better to catch asps using the May beetle. At the end of summer, the chub bites well on the grasshopper. Experienced fishermen keep their catch on a kukan and in a cage, since a muskrat or otter can sneak up unnoticed and take the precious catch for themselves.

National Park

The Ugra River is considered one of the cleanest in the central region of Russia. The Kaluga region is famous for its magnificent nature. In 1997, the Ugra National Park appeared in this area, which is home to a number of vascular plants (1026 species), some of which were brought from North America, others represent local flora. In the national park there are 140 rarest species for the Kaluga region: Lady's slipper, Baltic palmate, Neottiantha capulata, Pollencap longifolia and others. Many of these plants are in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

Animal world national park represented by 300 species. Roe deer, wild boar, squirrels, moose and martens live here. The predominant birds are wood grouse, hazel grouse, hawks, wood pigeons and woodcocks. Beavers and otters can be found on the river banks. In total, the park contains: mammals - 57 species, birds - 210, fish - 36, amphibians - 10, reptiles - 6, cyclostomes - 1.

The Ugra National Park extends across the entire Kaluga region for a distance of 200 kilometers. 90% of the region's species diversity is contained in this reserve.

The Ugra River is located on the territory of the Smolensk and Kaluga regions of Russia. The Ugra belongs to the Volga basin and flows into the Oka, being its left tributary. Ugra is known primarily due to the historical event of 1480 called: “Standing on the Ugra River.” This “standing” put an end to the Mongol-Tatar yoke and made Moscow state completely independent.

River length: 399 kilometers.

Drainage basin area: 15,700 km. sq.

Where it flows: The source of the river is in the southeastern part of the Smolensk region on the Smolensk Upland. Almost along its entire course, the Ugra is surrounded by high banks covered with forest. In some places there are still treeless areas. In the lower reaches, sandy beaches are quite common. The Ugra, as already mentioned, flows into the Oka, 15 km above Kaluga.

Inhabitants, fishing on the Ugra: the fish in the river are basically the same as in the Oka. These are the commercial species: burbot, bream, pike, podust, roach, chub. In the lower reaches you can find pike perch, sterlet, and catfish.

Video: “Cool place. Ugra River fishing.

Feeding: the river has a mixed type of feeding. Melt water accounts for 60% of its nutrition, the river receives 30% of its nutrition from groundwater, and approximately 5% from rainwater. Due to the feeding characteristics, with a predominance of melt water, the river regime is characterized by high spring floods. Summer low water may be interrupted by rain floods. Winter low water is more stable and low.

The width of the river bed is 70-80 m. The depth at low water on the rifts is 0.4-0.6 and on the reaches up to 4 meters.

Now briefly about the so-called "standing on the Ugra River". This event occurred in 1480, as a result of the war between the Moscow prince Ivan III and the khan of the Great Horde Akhmat. Ivan III refused to pay tribute to the Horde in 1476 and was forced to accept battle.

Akhmat's attempts to cross the Oka were unsuccessful. Therefore, he made an attempt to enter from the flank. To do this, enlisting the support of the Polish-Lithuanian king Casimir IV. Casimir himself was unable to provide military assistance, as he was distracted by an ally of Moscow, Crimean Tatars. In addition, Ivan III, taking advantage of the fact that Akhmat had gathered all his forces on the Ugra, sent sabotage group into the possessions of the khan with the aim of carrying out a devastating raid and possibly capturing and plundering the capital of the Horde - Sarai.

Both troops stood on the river for almost a month without engaging in a decisive battle. In the end, on October 28, 1480, Ivan III began to withdraw his troops to Kremenets and then concentrated at Borovsk, so that here in a favorable environment they would meet the Tatars if they decided to cross the river, but Akhmat did not dare and on November 11 began returning to the Horde. After these events, the Ugra River received the name “Belt of the Virgin”.

If you like historical reconstructions, you can visit the festival of historical reconstruction and fencing: “Standing on the Ugra River.”

Here is a video from the festival:

Morning. Parking on the Ugra, so far so good, but don’t relax, it’s time to get out and start rafting. The second day of the hike begins. The movement is accelerated by pleasant speeds. There is no skinner on them. For several kilometers along the right bank there is a highway, and there are villages. Village of Zhelane. There is a beautiful forest opposite. The river has moved away from the highway; we will give an example of the intentions of not very pleasant changes on the right bank Pinery usually in such places people like to come by car, the nearest one is wide, beautiful, long, and runs up, after which there is a large field, there are beaches instead, we will go swimming, we will continue rafting, will we find another world on the right bank, similar antics, it looks like there is a parking lot, a steep climb, now we need to look at the parking lot there are either huts of rain, the stay of the Nova Khomenko company is in a terrible state, broken down, so you can hardly drink anything else, but once it worked for the king cas in good condition and the heater is in terrible condition. There is no car access to the parking lot, it is purely a kayak area. The parking lot is great. a commemorative plaque in honor of the foundation of the mountain ash growing, you can snack on delicious berries. River View. The opposite bank of the Ugra. Such a narrow, steep descent down to the river. By the standards of Ugra, this is simply a gorgeous parking lot. The only negative is that the exit is very narrow, you can’t turn around here much even with one kayak. After parking, the first large stone is in the riverbed near the right bank. The fish in shallow water are also generally small. Apparently she got sick. In five minutes there is a parking lot with a good exit. At all perfect place and the bottom is better than the last one. Let's see the parking lot. There was a bathhouse here, it was dismantled, only stones and poles remained. It’s a very pleasant place, but of course there is no very large group, it’s possible to place 100 cars in this forest, which is being built here, and as it is now; in addition, there is criticism, the key is how they said that and not only. Beautiful forest. Mushrooms are growing, although they are incomprehensible and have nasty properties. Such Ugra in front of Znamenka. The rafting continues. On the left bank there is a cliff with a picnic area on it. Below is a spring. The bridge in Znamenka is visible. There is a rapid under the bridge. Next begins a section popular with those who love kayaking on the Ugra River.

The Ugra River, a large left tributary of the Oka, originates from the village of Arefino (sheet 16 of the Kaluga region), flows through the Smolensk and Kaluga regions and flows into the Oka at a level of 117 m. The section from the mouth of the Vori at a level of 144 m is described. The river flows in the described section to the southeast, in the lower reaches there are many sandy beaches. Almost along its entire length, the Ugra flows on high banks, covered in the upper and middle reaches with forest. The length of the river is 399 km, the described section is 170 km, the average slope is 0.159 m/km. In a number of places in the Ugra Valley there are limestone outcrops with springs. The Ugra Valley is one of the most picturesque in Central Russia, and the river is popular with tourists.
From the mouth of Vori to the city of Yukhnov 57 km, then to the mouth of Shani 77 km, then to the mouth 36 km.

From the mouth of the Vori River the forest gradually thins out, and there are increasingly sandy beaches on the river. Making large bends, the Ugra flows to the southeast. Beyond the village of Belyaevo on the left bank in front of the regional center of the Kaluga region, the city of Yuryev, located on the right bank, the right tributaries Ressa and Remezh flow into the Ugra. Near Yukhnov (a bus runs here from the Maloyaroslavets station on the Moscow-Kaluga railway line, 86 km) and below, the width of the Ugra reaches 30-50 m, the river flows on gentle banks. Near the village of Kolykhmanovo, on the right bank, the river is crossed by the Warsaw Highway bridge (A101). From the village of Palatki, 12 km below Yukhnov, the banks of the river gradually rise again. Here in 1480 the Golden Horde were stopped, and after a five-month stand, without receiving help from Lithuania, they retreated. An ancient settlement - Kudeyarov Kurgan - has been preserved here.
Below the village of Olony Gory, the river, flowing to the southeast, bends to the south, quickly rushes through rocks and shallows below the village of Pluskovo on the left bank and turns sharply to the east. In the area of ​​the villages of Goryachkino and Pakhonovo, the river is very picturesque, flowing along steep, high banks covered with forest. The right tributary Techa flows into the Ugra at the place where it sharply turns from east to north. Not far from the mouth of the Techa is the village of Detkovo on the right bank, and higher up (10 km) is the village of Troitsa with mineral springs. The huge southern bend of the Ugra, where it again takes a south-eastern direction, ends at the village of Nikola Lenivets, standing on the high left bank. In the vicinity of this village there is an ancient settlement of the Vyatichi Slavs. A few kilometers below, near the village of Zvizhi on the left bank, there are shoals, small rocky rifts, and other small obstacles on the river.
We pass the village of Davydovo and the village of Seni on the right bank, the village of Balobanovo on the left (buses go here from the stations Kondrovo (18 km) or Polotnyany Zavod (7 km) of the Kaluga-Vyazma railway line, or from Kaluga, 35 km), the mouth of the left tributary of the Izveri , Matveevo village on the right bank. Before the confluence of the last large left tributary of the Shani, the Ugra flows to the southeast - south; from the north, a large forest area approaches the river here. Below the mouth of the Shani, the river is crossed by a bridge. The width of the Ugra reaches 40-60 m, the banks are still high and steep in places, but there are fewer forests. Soon after the village of Tovarkovo on the left bank the banks become lower, the river flows here to the southeast, becomes even wider, the forests disappear. At the top of the large eastern bend of the Ugra is the village of Dvortsy on the left bank. The river flows here in a wide valley, washing away the left bank. Here in 1480 there was the headquarters of Prince Ivan the Young - the son of Ivan 3. 5 km to the east lies the village named after Leo Tolstoy, the former Tikhonova Pustyn, where one of the large monasteries was located. The bell tower of the monastery is visible from afar. We pass the villages of Yakushnovo and Obukhovo on the left bank. The bridge of the Moscow-Kyiv highway (M3) near the village of Kurovskoy, located far from the coast. Below the banks of the Ugra to the mouth are open, treeless. The river flows further under the bridges of the Kaluga-Yukhnov highway (P132) and the Kaluga-Sukhinichi railway line (near the Kaluga-2 station, from where electric trains run to Moscow), past the villages of Pletenovka on the left bank and Rosva on the right.