The largest terrorist attacks in Russia. Dossier. The most notorious terrorist attacks in the world

Statistics on explosions in Russia are very important for the state. It allows you to track how many such tragedies occur in the country and for what reasons. And also, thanks to calculations, it is possible to find out how effective the ongoing prevention of explosions in Russia is, and to develop new ways to prevent incidents that occurred due to carelessness, negligence or malicious intent.

General indicators for the country

The statistics of explosions in Russia are off the charts. They happen by various reasons. But especially often over the last 10 years, explosions have occurred due to careless handling. Terrorist attacks also occur in the country from time to time. This happens in in public places, . Explosion statistics in Russia cover:

• careless handling of gas at home;
• accidents in mines.

Unfortunately, there are no statistics on explosions in Crimea. However, it reports that in the summer of 2016, a series of terrorist attacks aimed at disrupting the tourist season were prevented.

Terrorist attacks

Over the past 20 years, terrorist explosions in Russia, as well as throughout the world, have occurred very frequently. In our country, they usually occur in the subway, on buses or in public places.

In total, 43 terrorist attacks were carried out in Russian history. They started before the Chechen war. Most acts of terrorism were accompanied by explosions. Some are hostage-taking. In total, more than 1.5 thousand people died due to the terrorist attacks. The victims include civilians, women, children and the elderly.

The graph shows how many explosions (terrorist attacks) were committed in Russia and in what year, thanks to which you can track the downward trend in the number of tragedies.

The table shows the chronology of terrorist attacks in the Russian Federation, published on Wikipedia from 1990 to 2000 and from 2010 to 2017.

Statistics of explosions in Russia in Lately decreased noticeably. Since 2000, there have been gradually fewer of them. A decrease in the number of tragedies indicates good work special structures leading the fight against criminals. The biggest explosions in Russia (terrorist attacks) are committed by residents of Chechnya and the North Caucasus.

Explosions in the subway

Over the entire history of the Metropolitan, there have been 10 explosions in the metro in Russia. Eight of them occurred in the capital. Two were committed in St. Petersburg. Statistics of explosions in Russia (Moscow metro):

The statistics of explosions in the St. Petersburg metro are less frightening. In its entire history, only two tragedies have occurred. The first one was in 1996. Then a train was blown up between the Vyborgskaya and Lenin Square stations.

In 2017, the last explosion occurred in Russia. This happened in the St. Petersburg metro. The explosion was carried out by a suicide bomber in a carriage between stations " Sennaya Square" and "Technological Institute". 103 people were injured. Of these, 16 died. According to investigators, as reported in the Novosti program, the crime was committed by Uzbek Akbarzhon Jalilov.

Such a problem as a domestic gas explosion remains relevant in the 21st century. More than 300 people have died in the last five years alone. The chart shows how many domestic gas explosions occurred between 2008 and 2015.

Explosions of residential buildings in Russia recorded every 43 hours. Mostly people who are forced to use cylinders suffer. Explosions occur due to violation of operating rules and storage of gas containers. The largest explosions in Russia in 2015–2016 Oh yeah :

Only the largest accidents are presented here. In fact, dozens of them occur every year. In January 2016 alone, there were 7 tragedies related to household gas. Among the reasons: gas leak, cylinder explosion.

Explosions at military installations

A large number of explosions on Russian territory occur at military facilities. Among them are ammunition depots and training grounds. For the period from 2011 to 2013. More than a dozen such incidents have been officially recorded. The reasons are negligence, careless handling. Most often, explosions of ammunition depots in Russia occur during the preparation or disposal of powder charges.

In 2011, tragedies occurred in Orenburg, Lipetsk, Astrakhan region, as well as in Udmurtia and Bashkiria. About 300 people were injured. The total damage amounted to 500 million rubles. The largest warehouse explosion in Russia took place on June 3 in Udmurtia at the 102nd artillery arsenal. More than two hundred people were injured and many structures were damaged. In 2012, incidents were recorded at warehouses and landfills in the Primorsky Territory, Orenburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Novosibirsk regions.

The largest ammunition explosion in Russia in 2013 occurred in Samara region at the Chapaevsky training ground. As a result, more than 40 people were injured. The federal highway was also blocked, and 4 thousand residents of nearby areas were evacuated. The damage amounted to about 200 million rubles. The ammunition exploded for several days.

Man-made explosions

According to statistics, man-made explosions in Russia do not occur often, but each time they lead to terrible consequences. Among them are accidents at hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power plants, chemical plants, and also in mines. Main causes of incidents:

• equipment malfunction;
• failure to comply with technique
• disregard for rules;
• accident;
• natural

In 80% of cases the human factor is to blame. The most terrible in the world man-made disaster The Chernobyl explosion of a nuclear power plant has been recognized; in Russia (in its western part), in the north of Ukraine and in Belarus, a huge number of people suffered because of it. The tragedy occurred on the night of April 25-26, 1986. The reason was to conduct an experiment on nuclear reactor. As a result of its destruction, about 200 tons of radioactive substances were released into the atmosphere. In Russia, 19 regions were contaminated, in which more than 2 million people lived at that time. Chernobyl is equivalent to 90 Hiroshimas.

According to statistics, chemical explosions in Russia are not uncommon. There are a huge number of dangerous objects in the country. As you can see in the diagram, we have about 4 thousand chemically hazardous enterprises. Millions live in the areas where they are located.

Over the past 5 years, there have been about 500 chemical accidents. enterprises and transport. They were accompanied by the release of harmful substances: chlorine, ammonia or mineral acids.

In 2015, 6 such cases were recorded, and in 2016 – 4. One of the most major accidents- explosion of a plant in Russia. OOO MBI-Sintez is located in the Volgograd region. To prevent such incidents in the future, each accident is thoroughly investigated.

As for explosions in mines in Russia, they occur mainly due to high concentrations of methane. Our mines are among the most dangerous in the world. For the period from 1964 to 2007. There have been more than 20 major accidents in this industry. Hundreds of people died as a result. Unfortunately, the statistics of explosions in Russia show a positive trend in reducing the number of incidents only in relation to terrorist attacks.

On October 10, the largest terrorist attack in the country's history occurred in Turkey. Two explosions with an interval of three seconds occurred in the morning in the Turkish capital Ankara in the area railway station before the start of a protest rally organized by trade unions and public organizations, against the surge in violence due to the Turkish-Kurdish conflict in the southeast of the country. The attack, carried out by two suicide bombers, caused the death of 95 people and injured 246.

On September 8, PKK militants blew up a minibus carrying police officers. The incident occurred in Igdir province in southeastern Turkey. The explosion killed 13 people.

August 17 powerful explosion occurred at the Ratchaprasong intersection in the business and tourist area of ​​Bangkok, Thailand. A homemade radio-controlled bomb, in which explosive trinitrotoluene was used, was laid at the fence of the Hindu sanctuary of the deity Erawan (three-headed sacred elephant) Near shopping center Amarin Plaza and the Grand Hayatt Erawan Hotel at a time when the sanctuary was especially busy with visitors, most of whom were tourists. According to official data, 20 people died as a result of the terrorist attack, 12 of them on the spot, another 8 people died in hospitals from their injuries. The number of wounded was 123 people.

On July 22, 22 Iraqi army soldiers and members of the militia were killed in two explosions carried out by militants terrorist group "Islamic State"(IS) in the east of the city of Fallujah. Militants blew up two cars filled with explosives. At least 24 people were injured.

On July 22, in Faryab province in northwestern Afghanistan, an explosive device was detonated by a suicide bomber at a busy market in the Alamar district. The explosion killed 19 people.

On July 21, at least 19 people were killed in two explosions in predominantly Shiite areas of the Iraqi capital Baghdad (Iraq). The first car went airborne on a crowded street in the eastern Baghdad neighborhood of Al-Jadida. 17 people became victims of the explosion, another 43 were injured, most of them peaceful citizens. Another attack occurred in the Zafaraniya area in southern Baghdad, killing at least two people and injuring nine others.

On July 20, a terrorist attack occurred in a tea cafe in front of a cultural center in Suruç (Turkey), located on the border with Syria, killing 30 people and injuring more than 100. A bomb exploded in front of the entrance to Cultural Center, where Turkish Kurds gathered who were preparing to go to Syria to help rebuild the city of Kobani, which suffered from an attack by ISIS militants.

On July 17, a car bomb containing three tons of explosives exploded in a market in the city of Bani Saad in eastern Iraq. The explosion occurred as people gathered in the market to celebrate the end of the month of Ramadan. The number of victims of the explosion was 120 people. The Islamic State group claimed responsibility for the attack.

On July 12, a car filled with explosives exploded near a military base in the Afghan province of Khost in the east of the country, where Afghan and foreign troops are stationed. 33 people were killed and 23 were injured.

On July 12, several cars filled with explosives went up in various parts of Baghdad. In addition, two suicide bombers detonated explosive devices, one of them exploded near the market. As a result of the incidents, 35 people were killed and more than 100 were injured.

On June 17, a series of explosions occurred in Sanaa (Yemen), which killed 31 people. IN different parts In the city, five explosive devices were detonated near mosques and buildings associated with rebels from the Shiite Ansar Allah movement (Houthis). The Islamic State group claimed responsibility for the attacks.

On June 2, a series of explosions in Salah al-Din province in northern Iraq killed at least 32 members of pro-government Shiite militias. Four car bombs exploded near the city of Baiji. It was also reported that 34 people were injured as a result of the terrorist attack.

On June 1, a car bomb exploded near a military base in Iraq's western Anbar province, killing 38 security forces. More than 30 security forces were injured as a result of the explosion. The radical group "Islamic State" claimed responsibility for the attack.

On April 18, two explosions occurred in the city of Jalalabad in the Afghan province of Nangarhar. One of them occurred near a bank branch. Another explosion occurred near the building of the Department of Information and Culture. The attacks killed 33 people and injured more than 100.

On April 2, Al-Shabab militants attacked a university dormitory in the Kenyan city of Garissa. As a result of the terrorist attack, 147 people were killed and another 79 people were injured.

On March 20, militants with suicide vests entered the Badr and Al-Hashush mosque in the Yemeni capital Sanaa, followed by four explosions. Subsequently, Houthi checkpoints around mosques were attacked. As a result of the explosions, 150 people were killed and at least 345 were injured. Among the dead are one of the spiritual leaders of the Ansar Allah movement (Houthis), Murtada al-Makhturi, as well as two high-ranking members of the group. On the same day, two explosions also occurred in the northern city of Saada, killing at least 33 people.

On January 7, at least 50 people were killed and dozens injured in an explosion that occurred near a police school in the Yemeni capital Sanaa. A suicide bomber blew up a minibus filled with explosives. The explosion occurred as dozens of applicants gathered in front of the college building.

A series of explosions in Moscow in 1977

On January 8, 1977, at approximately five o'clock in the evening, a bomb exploded in a Moscow metro car on the stretch between the Izmailovskaya and Pervomaiskaya stations. Half an hour later, a second explosion occurred near the USSR KGB building on Dzerzhinsky Street (now Bolshaya Lubyanka), and a couple of minutes later there was an explosion on 25 Oktyabrya Street (Nikolskaya). Investigators from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB identified Stepan Zatikyan, Zaven Baghdasaryan and Hakob Stepanyan - members of the underground “National United Party of Armenia”, whose goal is the independence of Armenia. All three terrorists were sentenced to death. This process caused great outrage among some dissidents. For example, academician Andrei Sakharov insisted that this case was falsified. 7 people were killed, 37 people were injured.

Consequences of an explosion in the Moscow metro

1973 Lenin Mausoleum terrorist attack

The name of the person who detonated the bomb in front of the sarcophagus with Lenin is unknown. Security mistook the terrorist for an ordinary person school teacher, because then it was September 1, and there were a lot of children around. As soon as the man caught up with Lenin’s body, he connected the contacts of the wires, and an explosion occurred, killing him and the married couple standing behind him, and several children were injured. There was little left of the terrorist himself, and therefore he could not be identified. However, documents were found on the remains, which made it clear that the man was sentenced to 10 years in prison. The motives and goals of the terrorists remained unclear. Lenin was not injured at all, since he was protected by armored glass, for this was not the first time a terrorist attack had occurred in the mausoleum. Before this, in 1967, a certain Lithuanian resident named Krysanov blew himself up at the entrance to the mausoleum using a “suicide belt.”

Sarcophagus with the body of Vladimir Lenin

1970 plane hijacking

In the Soviet Union, planes were hijacked more than once. Terrorists hijacked passenger airliners in 1977, 1978, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988. And the first hijacking occurred on October 16, 1970, when the Brazinskas father and son hijacked an An-24. The plane was flying from Batumi to Krasnodar. The capture took place as follows: Pranas and Algirdas Brazinskas sat in the front seats opposite the cockpit. Five minutes after takeoff, they gave flight attendant Nadezhda Kurchenko a note with the following words:

"ORDER No. 9
1. I order you to fly along the specified route.
2. Stop radio communication.
3. For failure to comply with an order - Death.
(Free Europe) P.K.Z.Ts.
General (Krylov)."

Nadezhda Kurchenko realized that things were bad and, barely having time to warn the pilots, was shot at point-blank range. A plane with 46 hostages on board landed in Trabzon, Turkey. The terrorists were arrested, but not handed over to the Soviet authorities. They later immigrated to the United States. The Brazinskas, according to them, fought for the liberation of Lithuania.

Algirdas is standing on the left, and Pranas Brazinskas is on the right.

Seizure of a bus with children in Ordzhonikidze 1988

From December 1 to December 3, 1988, a real drama unfolded in modern Vladikavkaz. Five men tricked thirty children into hostage, saying they were there to pick them up from a field trip on a school bus. The terrorists arrived at the building of the local party committee and began to demand from the authorities a ransom and a plane that would send them outside the country. And if they don’t meet them, they will set the bus on fire, they said. Actually, the invaders managed to achieve their goal. They were provided with an Il-76 plane with a crew, and under the cover of a living corridor of children, they boarded and flew to Israel. However, there they were handed over to the Soviet authorities, where they were sentenced to imprisonment. This was the first time in post-war USSR, when children became hostages in a terrorist attack.

After the Beslan tragedy, the Russian President declared September 3 as the Day of Remembrance for Victims of Terrorism. On the anniversary of this mournful event, mourning rallies, moments of silence, requiem concerts are held throughout the country, candles are lit in memory of the victims and 334 white balloons are launched into the sky - according to the number of victims of the terrorist attack. On this day, we remember not only the victims of Beslan, but also all Russians who suffered at the hands of terrorists. People bring flowers to the sites of tragedies. In Moscow, mourning events are held at the Monument to the Victims of Terrorism on Dubrovka.

School No. 1 in Beslan

• RIA News

On September 1, 2004, in the North Ossetian city of Beslan, militants captured more than 1,100 students from school No. 1, their relatives and teachers. People were forced into a gym and kept there for three days without food or water. On September 2, after negotiations with the ex-president of the Republic of Ingushetia, Ruslan Aushev, the bandits released 25 women and children. On September 3, shooting and explosions began in the building, and security officers were forced to launch an assault. Most of the hostages were freed, 334 people died, including 186 children. More than 800 were injured. The militants were killed, one survivor was sentenced to death penalty, commuted to life imprisonment. International terrorist Shamil Basayev (liquidated in 2006) took responsibility for the terrorist attack.

Terrorist attack on Dubrovka

• RIA News

On October 23, 2002, a group of armed militants broke into the Dubrovka Theater Center in Moscow. The musical “Nord-Ost” was on stage. The terrorists took more than 900 people hostage and mined the building. They declared themselves suicide bombers and demanded withdrawal Russian troops from Chechnya. On the morning of October 26, special forces began an assault, during which nerve gas was used. The leader of the militants, Movsar Baraev, and most of The terrorists were killed and three were detained. 130 hostages died. Shamil Basayev took responsibility for the terrorist attack.

Interrupted flight

• RIA News

On August 24, 2004, two crashed almost simultaneously passenger aircraft. Both took off from Moscow Domodedovo Airport: the Tu-154 of Siberia Airlines was heading to Sochi, the Tu-134 of Volga-Aviaexpress was heading to Volgograd. Explosions on board the liners occurred within a minute of each other at 22:54 and 22:55. The explosive devices were detonated by female suicide bombers. All passengers and crew on both planes were killed. The number of victims is 89 people.

Explosions in the Moscow metro

• RIA News

On February 6, 2004, a carriage was blown up on the Zamoskvoretskaya metro line between the Avtozavodskaya and Paveletskaya stations. The deadly device was detonated by a suicide bomber. As a result, 41 people were killed and about 250 were injured.

On March 29, 2010, two female suicide bombers carried out explosions at the Lubyanka and Park Kultury metro stations. 41 people were killed and more than 90 were injured. Doku Umarov (liquidated in 2013) took responsibility for the terrorist attack.

Two more terrorist attacks occurred in close proximity to metro stations. On August 8, 2000, an explosive device went off in an underground passage on Pushkinskaya Square in Moscow: 13 people were killed and 118 were injured. On August 31, 2004, a suicide bomber blew herself up near the Rizhskaya metro station: 10 people were killed and 50 were injured.

Bloody September 1999

In September 1999, Russia was rocked by a series of terrorist attacks.

On September 4, in Buinaksk, Dagestan, a GAZ-52 truck was blown up next to the five-story building 3 on Levanevsky Street, in which lived the families of servicemen of the 136th motorized rifle brigade of the Russian Ministry of Defense. The car contained 2.7 thousand kilograms of explosive made from aluminum powder and ammonium nitrate. Two entrances were destroyed, 58 people were killed, 146 were injured. Later, 6 more people died from their injuries.

On September 8, an explosion occurred in Moscow on Guryanov Street. An explosive device went off on the first floor of 9-story residential building 19. Two entrances were completely destroyed. 92 people were killed and 264 were injured.

• RIA News

On September 13, an explosion occurred on Kashirskoe Highway in Moscow - in the basement of an 8-story residential building. The power of the explosion was 300 kilograms of TNT. 124 people were killed, 9 were injured.

September 16 in the city of Volgodonsk Rostov region A GAZ-53 truck loaded with explosives detonated near a 9-story building on Oktyabrskoye Highway. The power of the explosion was 1-1.5 thousand kilograms of TNT. As a result, the façade of two entrances collapsed and a fire broke out on some floors. 19 people died, the total number of victims was 310.

"Nevsky Express"

• RIA News

The first attempt to blow up the Nevsky Express was made on August 13, 2007. Then an electric locomotive and 12 carriages derailed, about 60 people were injured. On November 27, 2009, the second terrorist attack occurred - at the 285th kilometer of Oktyabrskaya railway. The last three carriages derailed. 28 people were killed and more than 90 were injured.

Volgograd-2013

• RIA News

On New Year's Eve, two terrorist attacks occurred in Volgograd.

On December 29, 2013, a suicide bomber tried to enter the railway station building, but was stopped by senior police sergeant Dmitry Makovkin. The terrorist detonated an explosive device at the entrance to the inspection area. 18 people were killed and 45 were injured. Dmitry Makovkin, who prevented the terrorist from entering the waiting room, was posthumously awarded the Order of Courage. The next day, December 30, another terrorist attack occurred - another suicide bomber detonated a bomb on trolleybus 15A in the Dzerzhinsky district of the city. 16 people were killed and 25 injured.

Waiting room in Domodedovo

• RIA News

On January 24, 2011, at Moscow Domodedovo Airport, in the international arrivals hall, a suicide bomber detonated an explosive device. An explosion thundered through the crowd of people greeting them. 38 people were killed and 116 injured.

Ilya Oganjanov

The number of terrorist crimes in Russia has increased almost 4 times since 2013 - review and analysis by Marat Maksumovich Shibutov - political scientist, analyst Russian Association cross-border cooperation (APS, Almaty).

Publication by IA Regnum.

The terrorist attack committed on April 3 in St. Petersburg again raised the question of how terrorism is developing in Russia. What is its dynamics? What is the detection rate for terrorist crimes? Is the threat growing or falling? Let's try to answer these questions in this review.

First of all, it is necessary to determine which terrorists Russia has to fight. For example, Europol uses the following classification of terrorists:

1. Religious (until 2011 they were simply called Islamists)
2. Left radicals
3. Right-wing radicals
4. Separatists
5. Singles
6. Uncertain affiliation (those who have no clear motives - in general, psychopaths).

As you can see, this classification allows us to more or less immediately understand the motives of terrorists’ actions and what they want to influence with their terrorist acts. Were in modern history Russian and right-wing terrorists, there were also loners, but the bulk are Islamist terrorists, representing both their own organizations and cells of global terrorist networks such as ISIS (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), the Islamic Movement of Turkestan (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation) and Al-Qaeda (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), which are both Islamists and separatists.

FEATURES OF ISLAMIST TERRORISM

It must be recalled that Islamist terrorism and its adherents have following features and traits:

The absence of unity of command, as indeed in Islam itself - each group has its own sheikh or ulema as a spiritual mentor and emir as a military leader.

- Network principle of building an organization- in fact, not a single terrorist organization has a single command, but there is a network of independent cells coordinating each other. The absence of hierarchy reduces the possible efforts of the organization, but increases its survivability.

- Close connection with general Islamization- the more active, rather than “ethnic” Muslims there are in the country, the more Islamic radicals there are. However, this dependence is not always direct, because most often converts to Muslims who become radicals are those who did not grow up in religious families and therefore have little knowledge of the current traditions of Islam.

- Development based on the franchising principle- an already formed cell of radicals is often looking for how to join an already existing organization, preferably with big name, so that you can then better look for sponsors and recruit new supporters. Therefore, there is a special pattern in the spread of certain terrorist Islamist organizations No.

- Extermination of other Muslim leaders, especially Sufis - as a rule, practiced by all Islamists. There are two goals here - depriving the Ummah of authority and seizing control over mosques or houses of worship, which allow for widespread propaganda and embezzlement of money from the endowment fund.

- Use of various criminal methods to replenish the general fund of the jamaat (community). They also willingly recruit criminals who actively participate in the life of the community, also committing crimes, but bringing money to the Islamists, and not to the common fund.

- Variety of recruitment and information transfer methods- used as open propaganda (leaflets, books, websites, social media, forums) and closed (oral recruitment, films and audio recordings with propaganda, transmitted on flash drives and disks).

- Ignoring everyone national characteristics local Islamic traditions. This is one of their main characteristics, along with contempt for funeral rites and giving up music. Some of the first actions of those recruited are desecration of graves. At the same time, a specific appearance (short pants, a shirt and a hat in the Afghan style, a beard without a mustache, refusal to wear a tie with a suit) rather indicates harmlessness - here “all the steam has gone to the whistle.”

ISLAMIST TERRORISM IN RUSSIA

Islamist terrorism in Russia has three aspects or directions of development (conditional names):

North Caucasian- the most powerful and most controlled focus. It includes the republics of the Russian North Caucasus, as well as part of the border strip in Transcaucasia. The strongest outbreaks remain in Dagestan. People from the North Caucasus are spreading the influence of Islamists throughout the CIS and beyond. There is a vicious practice that the Mujahideen and local officials form a symbiosis - some intimidate the population, others receive subsidies from the center to fight them, some of which goes to the Mujahideen. Also, some young people consider being temporarily among Islamist militants to be something of an initiation. Therefore, terrorist activity there has fertile soil and apparently will not stop. There greatest number militants with military experience. Almost always this local residents, and from different social strata and nationalities (except Ossetians).

Islamists are also extending their influence to communities of North Caucasian peoples living in other regions of Russia, serving as centers of internal migration ( big cities, oil and gas regions, gold mining regions). To the number terrorist organizations this direction include: “Higher Military Majlisul Shura of the United Mujahideen Forces of the Caucasus” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and Dagestan” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Al-Qaeda” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Al-Haramain” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Jamiyat al-Islah al-Ijtimai” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Caucasus Emirate” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation ), ISIS (an organization whose activities are banned in the Russian Federation), etc. Currently, outside the North Caucasus, their activity is reduced due to the fact that local diasporas of the North Caucasian peoples are responsible for their behavior.

Povolzhsky- widespread in Tatarstan (most strongly) and Bashkiria, as well as among people from the North Caucasus who live in the Volga region. Distributed among religious segments of society, mainly Tatars and Bashkirs. The number of terrorist attacks is much less than in the North Caucasus, but volunteers are also being recruited to participate in the war in Syria. Terrorist organizations of this direction include: “Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Jamaat-i- Islami (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), ISIS (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), etc.

Migrant- common among labor migrants from countries Central Asia(Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). It arose both thanks to the efforts of foreign preachers from countries Persian Gulf And Saudi Arabia, and due to the migration of Islamists from Central Asia. Representatives of this trend did not organize significant terrorist acts, but they are distinguished by high criminal activity. However, Moscow serves as a transit point for the recruitment of Central Asians for the war in Syria.

Terrorist organizations of this direction include: “Islamic Party of Turkestan” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Taliban” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Union of Islamic Jihad” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation) , “Jamiyat Ihya at-Turaz al-Islami” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Jund al-Sham” (organization, activities which is banned in the Russian Federation), “Jabhat al-Nusra” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation), “Islamic State” (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation) and others (for example, the Uzbek organization “Akromiya” and radical representatives "United Tajik Opposition").

STATISTICS

For rate general condition Islamist underground in Russia, you can use statistical data from law enforcement agencies. Of course, they do not specifically single out Islamists and reflect only exposed facts of terror and extremism, but in general they should give an idea of ​​the situation. In order for the data to be reliable, data from both the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (Table No. 1) and the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation (Table No. 2) were taken.

Table 1. Terrorism and extremism in Russia according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Table 2. Terrorism and extremism in Russia according to the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation

Both sets of data show that terrorist activity has begun to intensify in the last three years, with registered crimes doubling. This is despite the fact that from 2004 to 2007 there was a decrease in crimes of a terrorist nature, and there was a long period of their stagnation from 2007 to 2013.

At the same time, there is a decrease in the detection of terrorist crimes from 87.1% to 33%. What does this mean? That terrorists have already adapted to the methods of law enforcement agencies and have learned to counter them. This may also indicate that new people are joining terrorists who have not yet been “exposed” and are forming new cells about which there is no operational information.

As for extremism, the increase in crimes on this basis was small but constant, and over 10 years their number increased 7 times. It is quite possible that the growth of extremism, which partly includes the propaganda of religious extremism on religious grounds, has led to an increase in the number of crimes of a terrorist nature.

In any case, it should be noted that there has been an increase in terrorism and extremism in the last three years, and this trend should be alarming. There is a definite possibility that, due to the fact that the forces of state security agencies are diverted to support operations in Syria and monitor actions on the part of Ukraine, terrorists began to take advantage of the situation.

The civil war in Ukraine made the market for weapons and explosives more accessible. Detention Russian citizens- fighters of the Azov battalion who tried to sell weapons in Moscow, this is only the first clear example of the ongoing process. The truce in Donbass will lead to thousands of people traveling with weapons to Russia. Terrorists will be able to buy or obtain in one way or another all types of small arms, mines, grenades and explosives, and possibly anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems. In addition, the actions of the Russian Aerospace Forces in Syria to destroy ISIS (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation) and al-Nusra (an organization whose activities are prohibited in the Russian Federation) will lead to two consequences - the return of some of those who joined the Islamists to Russia and the fact that those intending to go to Syria will remain in Russia in order to conduct gazavat directly in Moscow and other cities. It should be noted that these can be both citizens of Russia itself and citizens of the CIS countries.

This means that if the fight against terrorism is not strengthened, it will continue to grow, reaching the level of 2004-2005.

CONCLUSIONS AND FORECASTS

1. In Russia, a situation has developed where there are three different directions and regions of development of Islamist terrorism. At the same time, the focus always remains North Caucasus, and the topic of others is hushed up - in the Volga region due to the powerful local lobby on federal level, the migrant topic - due to a falsely understood tolerance and interethnic harmony, as well as to preserve corruption proceeds.

2. The main targets of terrorists were and remain both law enforcement agencies and authorities, as well as the population of Russia itself, especially where a high media and political effect from a terrorist attack is possible.

3. In fact, Russia and especially its large cities are extremely vulnerable to attacks by Islamists - the only thing is that a signal to gazavat is received, and they already have the necessary number of terrorists, weapons and resources for this.