In d 1 5 where. Parachuting in Kazakhstan. Stowing the canopy in the backpack case

Parachute system D-1-5U

PURPOSE AND TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL DATA

The D-1-5U controllable training parachute is designed for training jumps.

1. The design of the parachute provides the following tactical and technical data with a total flight weight of the parachutist with parachutes of 120 kg:

a) reliable operation at an altitude of up to 1000 m, both when it is immediately put into operation at a flight speed of a horizontally flying aircraft up to 250 km/h, and with any delay in opening the pack, while the maximum overloads occurring at the moment of filling the canopy do not exceed 10 ;

b) the minimum safe height of a jump from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of 180 km/h with immediate deployment of the parachute - 150 m;

c) the average vertical speed of descent, normalized to the standard atmosphere, measured in a section 30-35 m from the ground - 5.11 m/s, with a standard deviation - 0.21 m/s;

d) stability during decline;
e) control of the parachute using two control lines;

f) reversal of the canopy and horizontal movement of the parachutist during the descent, and:
- turn the canopy 360° in any direction in no more than 18 s when one of the two control lines is tensioned;
- horizontal movement of the parachute forward with average speed 2.47 m/s;

g) use of a semi-automatic parachute deployment device PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575;

h) disconnecting the dome from suspension system, which has USC locks, both on the ground and in the air;

i) use of a reserve parachute type 3-2, 3-1P, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5;

j) the force required to pull out the pull ring or pull rope both during forced opening of the backpack and manually - no more than 16 kg;

k) assigned (technical) resource - 200 jumps during the service life of the parachute, subject to timely military repairs and replacement of the canopy cover from spare parts.

2. Dimensions of the stowed parachute:
length - 570 + 20 mm,
width - 377 + 20 mm,
height - 262 + 20 mm.

3. The weight of the parachute with a semi-automatic device without a carrying bag is no more than 17.5 kg.

DESCRIPTION

The parachute kit (Fig. 1, 2, 3) includes the following parts:

1. Pull rope (1)
2. Protective cover (2)
3. Pull rope (3)
4. Lineless pilot parachute (4)
5. Dome cover (5)
6. Break line (6)
7. Dome 82.5 m2 (7)
8. Hanging system with jumper (8)
9. Backpack with reserve parachute mount (9)
10. Pull ring (10)
11. Carrying bag (11)
12. Pull ring with cable loop (12)
13. Device PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575
14. Flexible hose
15. Flexible pin halyard
16. Passport

1. Pull rope (pull link, mommy)

The pull rope (Fig. 4) is designed to activate a semi-automatic parachute device when manually putting the parachute into operation or to force the parachute pack to open.

It is made of nylon tape with the strength 1200 kg(LTKMkrP-27-1200). The length of the pulling rope is 3 m. At one end of the rope there is a carabiner 1 for connection to the cable inside the aircraft. At the other end there is a loop 3 for attaching a halyard with a flexible pin of a parachute semi-automatic device when manually deploying a parachute, or for attaching a loop of a ripcord when jumping from an airplane with forced unchecking of the backpack valves, or for attaching a bridle of the canopy cover when jumping with forced tightening of the cover from the dome. On distance 1.4 m from this loop there is a second loop 4 for securing the traction rope when jumping with the forced opening of the backpack or for attaching a loop of the traction rope when jumping with the forced pulling of the cover from the canopy with a traction rope. To protect the traction rope from burns, a cover 2 made of cotton tape (LHBMkr-35-260) in the form of a hollow hose is put on it. Such covers are placed on all rope loops and on the carabiner. To control the pulling rope on both sides, the carabiner has a red tape.

2. Lineless pilot parachute (VSHBP)

The pilot chute (Fig. 5) is designed to pull the cover off the main canopy. The pilot chute consists of two main parts: the parachute base 1 and the spring mechanism 2.

Top part The base of the parachute has a hemispherical shape and is made of nylon fabric orange color(art. 56005krP). The lower part of the parachute base, attached along the perimeter of the hemisphere to the upper one, also has a hemispherical shape, turning into a conical one.
The hemispherical part is made of nylon mesh fabric, and the conical part is made of nylon fabric (art. 56005krP).
On the outer surface of the parachute base there are sewn four nylon reinforcing tapes with the strength 150 kg(LTKP-25-150) or 200 kg(LTKP-25-200), evenly distributed over the surface in the meridional direction. At the intersection of the ribbons on the pole there is a grommet with a sewing washer 3.
At the bottom, the tapes are brought together into thimble 7. A cover made of SHTKP-15-550 cord is put on the thimble. Using a thimble, the pilot chute is attached to the bridle of the canopy cover. On one of the ribbons on the upper hemispherical part of the pilot chute there are sewn a honeycomb (gazyr) 4 and a ribbon with a pin - pin 5.
The pin is designed to secure the spring mechanism of the pilot chute when folded. The spring mechanism consists of eight meridionally located spokes ending with heads, which are secured at the pole with washers. The upper washer is located under the grommet mounted on the pole of the parachute base. Between the top washer and the eyelet there is a washer made of organic glass or nylon.
The conical spring has 5,8 working turns, while 2,9 its coils are located inside a spherical spring mechanism. The spokes of the spherical spring mechanism wrap around the upper and middle turns of the conical spring, which are connected by a limiter made of nylon cord with strength 120 kg(ShKP-120), which helps maintain the spherical shape of the parachute during its operation.
On the lower base of the conical spring there is a plate on which a cone 6 is located, intended for locking the spring mechanism in a compressed state. When pinning, the cone is passed through the holes of the upper and middle washer, brought out through the grommet and pinned with a pin-pin secured to the base of the parachute.
When stowing the parachute, the pilot chute pin is tucked into the honeycomb using tape.

3. Dome cover

The canopy cover is designed to streamline the process of filling the canopy and reduce cases of slings overlapping it.

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The dome cover (Fig. 6) is made of orange percale B (art. 7015cr), has the shape of a sleeve 1 length 5.28 m and is worn over the entire length of the folded dome.
The entire length of the cover is reinforced with 2 strength tapes 150 kg(LHB-25-150), which in its upper part form a bridle 3 for attaching a pilotless ball parachute.
There are two pockets 4 sewn into the upper part of the cover, which facilitate the release of the lines from the honeycomb and the pulling of the cover from the canopy.
At the bottom of the case there is one pair of double rubber (removable) honeycombs 5, eleven pairs of rubber (non-removable) honeycombs 6 and two tapes for the stacking frame 7.
The apron of the cover has two windows 8 for the passage of double rubber (removable) honeycombs.
Above the windows there are pockets for storing bundles of slings.
Bundles of slings, inserted into double rubber (removable) honeycombs, seal the lower part of the cover and prevent the canopy from leaving the cover prematurely.
Sling guard 9 is designed to protect slings laid in honeycombs from snagging.

4. Dome

Dome 82.5 m2 designed for the safe landing of a parachutist in a given place.
The dome (Fig. 7) has a round shape and consists of four sectors. Each sector consists of five trapezoidal panels of 1 straight cut.
The sectors and panels are stitched together using a lock seam.
The dome is made of percale P art. 7019.
In the center of the dome there is a pole hole with a diameter of 430 mm. The edge of the pole hole of the dome is reinforced on both sides with nylon tape for strength 185 kg(LTKP-15-185), and the lower edge of the dome is reinforced with nylon tape for strength 150 kg(LTKOUP-25-150).
On the outside of the dome, a reinforcing frame 2 is sewn from nylon tape with the strength 150 kg(LTKOUP-25-150). At the lower edge of the canopy it forms 28 loops to which the slings are tied.
Reinforcing tapes 3, stitched onto the seams connecting the sectors of the dome, form a bridle in the pole hole.
On the outer side of the dome, at the lower edge, there are stitched 25 pockets.
The dome has 28 sling made of cotton cord with strength 125 kg(SHKhBP-125). To facilitate installation of the canopy, the sling 14 is red. To determine the correct connection of the canopy to the QCK locks of the green sling system 1 and 28,
Slings 1, 14, 28, made of undyed cord, with stitched couplings at the edge of the dome and half-ring buckles are allowed; for sling 14 - orange, for slings 1 and 28 - green.
On the lower edge of the canopy, to the left of the lines, their serial numbers are indicated.

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All slings are the same length. In the free state, the length of the slings from the lower edge of the canopy to the half-ring buckles of the suspension system is equal to 8.87 m.
To ensure correct installation of the canopy, marks are placed on the slings at a distance of 0.45 m from the lower edge of the canopy. Using these marks, the laying of the lines into the first double checker (removable) rubber honeycombs of the canopy cover begins.
On distance 1.8 m From the half-ring buckles of the free ends of the suspension system, marks are applied to the slings; these marks are used to seal the (removable) honeycomb pockets at the bottom of the backpack with slings.
On the canopy panels between slings 27-28, 28-1 and 1-2 there are vertical holes 4. The edges of each hole are reinforced with nylon tape for strength 150 kg(LTKOUP-25-150).
To control the canopy, control lines are mounted to lines 26, 27, 28 and 3, 2, 1, the second ends of which are brought to the brakes and secured to the rear free ends of the suspension system.

5. Hanging system with jumper

The harness is the connecting link between the parachute (canopy with lines) and the parachutist.

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The suspension system (Fig. 8) is made of nylon tape with the strength 1600 kg(LTK-44-1600) and consists of the following main parts:
two front straps, right and left 17,
circular strap 8 with leg loops 10,
two adapter tapes 14 with carabiners 9,
two back-shoulder straps 4 with buckles 3,
two pairs of risers 2,
two chest straps 5 (right with a buckle and left with a carabiner) and 16 fuses.

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The front straps, right and left, are the main power element of the suspension system. At the top of each front strap there is an OSK 18 lock for disconnecting the free ends of the harness system.

USC Castle(Fig. 9) has the following structural elements: body 3, lever 1, saddle body 5, spring 2, buckle 4 attached to the free ends of the suspension system, triggers 9 (left and right), safety button 7, safety lock 8, pins 6.
The lock is closed when the buckle is inserted into the body and held by the teeth of the lever, the large arm of the lever rests on the cylindrical surface of the saddle, and the trigger pins are inserted into the holes big shoulder lever, while the cylindrical cutouts at the end of the large lever allow you to control the entry of the pins into the holes of the large lever, the safety button must be placed in the uppermost position.
To disconnect the free ends of the suspension system using a lock, you must press the safety lock and lower the lock safety button to its lowest position. Then press both triggers and move the lock body with the lever down until it stops, while the lock lever will disengage with the cylindrical surface of the saddle and disconnect the lock buckle with the free end from the harness.

On the left front strap, at chest level, there is a pocket for the pull ring 6. Above the pocket, at the lock for disconnecting the free ends of the suspension system, there is a hose tape for attaching a flexible hose.
To attach the reserve parachute to the harness system, there is a fastening bracket 15 with a lock at the bottom of each front strap. A circular strap with leg loops is attached to the braces. At the bottom, the circular strap is bifurcated, the tapes are sewn end to end, and an overlay 11 is sewn to them for more comfortable sitting in the harness during descent. The circular strap and leg loops have 13 buckles for height adjustment.
Each adapter tape ends with a carabiner 9, which serves to close the leg loop.
The back-shoulder girths are mounted to the housings of the locks for detaching the free ends of the suspension system and, using buckles, form a waist girth 7.
The back-shoulder girths are fastened together, forming a cross, to which the backpack is attached. The back-shoulder girths have 3 buckles for adjustment according to height.
On the right dorso-shoulder girth there is a belt loop 20 for a flexible hose of the exhaust cable for forced deployment of the parachute pack.
The free ends of the suspension system are attached to the suspension system using locks. The free ends of the suspension system are equipped with half-ring buckles 1, and each of the two groups is connected by jumpers and ends with a lock buckle for releasing the free ends of the suspension system.
In order to prevent the brakes from getting into the canopy lines, two half-ring buckles are sewn on the rear free ends of the suspension system on the outer side, through which the control lines pass.

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To ensure proper connection of the risers to the harness locks, the rear risers are marked with the words "LEFT", "RIGHT".
When the lock is installed correctly, the red signal dots on the lever and on the seat body (Fig. 10) should be closed.
The length of the free ends of the suspension system is 560 mm.
7 slings are mounted to each half-ring buckle.
The chest straps are mounted on the front straps of the harness system and are adjustable according to the height of the parachutist.
The suspension system has 16 chest bridge fuses, 19 lock fuses and 12 lower fuses, designed to soften the impact of metal parts when filling the dome. The OSK lock buckle has a cover and a belt loop to secure it.
Attention! Parachutes with harness systems without OSK locks are allowed.

6. Suspension system (without jumpers and OSK locks)

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The suspension system (Fig. 11) is made of nylon tape with the strength 1600 kg(LTK-44-1600) and consists of a main strap and two shoulder straps.
The main strap is stitched from tape in two additions, the ends of which form two free ends of length 430 mm.
The main strap has two curved buckles designed to connect it to the back-shoulder straps at the top of the harness.
A pull ring pocket is sewn onto the main strap at chest level on the left side. A flexible hose is sewn above the pocket.
At the bottom, the main strap is bifurcated, the straps are sewn end-to-end and an overlay is sewn to them for more comfortable sitting in the harness during descent.
To attach the reserve parachute to the harness system, two fastening brackets with locks are built into the main strap.
The back-shoulder girths, right and left, passing through the curved buckles and windows of the main strap, form a chest bridge and, with the help of two buckles, a waist girth, providing adjustment of the suspension system according to height.
The back-shoulder girths are fastened together, forming a cross, to which the backpack is attached.
The back-shoulder girths, going down from the cross, go around the main strap below the windows for the waist girth, forming triangles with a carbine attached on the left side, and a buckle on the right.
The lower ends of the dorso-shoulder loops, passed between the main strap and bending around it in several places, form leg loops on which buckles are mounted to adjust them according to height. Three carabiners and three buckles located on the leg loops and chest strap are used to fasten the harness.
The backpack is attached to the harness, and the canopy slings are attached to the half-ring buckles of the harness.

7. Backpack with reserve parachute mount

The backpack is designed to accommodate a canopy in a case, part of the lines and free ends of the harness system, a lineless ball parachute and a semi-automatic device.
The satchel (Fig. 12, 13) is made of avisent A (art. 6700) and consists of the bottom of the satchel and four valves: two side, one upper and one lower.
Sewn to the upper valve 1 are two flexible hoses 2, a plate head 3 for fastening the hose of a semi-automatic device, and a tie-tape 4 intended for fastening the hose of a semi-automatic device. At the base of the upper valve there are two windows 5 for the exit of the free ends of the suspension system.

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The top and two side flaps of the backpack have flaps with pockets 6, which, after placing the canopy in the backpack, are tucked with a laying ruler under the bottom and side flaps. The flaps protect the dome from contamination.
To hold the valves in closed position The backpack has a closing device consisting of a cord ring 7, two cones 8 located on the valves of the backpack, four eyelets with a sewing washer 29 and one eyelet buckle 28.
The fifth eyelet 18, installed on the right side flap between the lower and middle eyelets, is designed to fix the position of the ball lineless pilot chute inside the backpack when folded.
Cord ring 7 is made of silk cord ShSh-80.
The quick opening of the backpack valves is ensured by eight backpack rubbers 9, of which seven are single and one is double.

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The length of a single backpack rubber with pendants is equal to 370 mm, and double - 385 mm. At one end, the backpack rubbers are permanently attached to the wire loops on the backpack valves.
On the side flaps of the backpack on the outer side along the perimeter tape are sewn two scarves with buckles 10, to which are attached fastenings of the reserve parachute 13, designed to attach it to the main parachute and to regulate the tightness of the parachute to the parachutist’s body.
The reserve parachute attachment consists of a ribbon (LRT art. 159-T) and a carabiner. The factory markings are placed on the outside of the left side valve.
Metal loops 12 are sewn on the perimeter tape of the backpack for fastening the double backpack rubber of the upper valve in order to prevent the pilot parachute from getting caught on the tail nut of the semi-automatic device and to protect the parachutist from being hit by the tail nut of the semi-automatic device.
On the right side flap 16 there is a device pocket 14 for placing a semi-automatic device, a carabiner pocket 15, which serves as a pocket for a substitute passport card and for stowing a carabiner of a traction rope, a tie-tie tape for fastening the device, a ring 20 for securing the traction rope, a hose fastening tape 21 for laying a flexible hose when jumping with manual opening of the backpack.
Safety valve 19, which is a continuation of the right side valve, is fastened with four turnstile buttons 17 after tightening the backpack.
Safety and bottom valves have metal plates 27 to add rigidity.
The bottom of the backpack 23 on the outside has four pairs of loops 22 for attaching the suspension system to the backpack, and belt loops 11 for directing the backpack rubbers.
At the bottom of the backpack, on the inside, along the lateral and lower sides of the perimeter of the stiffening frame, there are sewn pockets, left and right 24, and a valve 31, which prevent the canopy placed in the cover from blowing off from the bottom of the backpack at the moment the parachute opens and ensure sequential pulling of the cover with the canopy placed in it.
By internal parties The backpack cord is missing from the pockets.
At the top flap of the backpack, the pockets have 25 holes, under the facing of which metal rings are inserted for rigidity.
Rubber honeycombs 26 are passed through the holes, which are closed by bunches of slings. The rubber honeycombs are attached with a noose loop to a cord attached to the upper valve of the backpack near the stiffening frame. The cord and the place of attachment of the honeycomb with the cord are covered with belt loops.

8. Flexible hose

Flexible hoses are designed to guide the movement of the three-pin pull ring cable and the pull rope or pull ring with cable loop during the process of pulling them out and to protect against accidental snagging. The flexible hose (Fig. 14) is made of metal flexible hose 1, covered with cotton tape (LХХ-40-130) 2.

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The ends of the hose with tape are tucked into caps 3.
Flexible hose length 515 mm.
The flexible hose of a pull ring with three studs or a pull ring with a cable loop is sewn at one end to the upper valve of the backpack, and the other end to the suspension system above the pull ring pocket.
A flexible hose for the forced opening traction rope is sewn at one end to the upper valve of the backpack, the other end is not sewn.

9. Pull ring

The pull ring (Fig. 15) is designed for manual deployment of the parachute pack. It fits into a pocket located on the left front strap of the harness.
The pull ring consists of a ring 1, a cable 2, three pins 3 and a limiter 4. The trapezoidal ring is made of steel wire with a diameter of Ø 7 mm.
To quickly find the ring, the part protruding from the pocket is painted red.
Protrusions present on two opposite sides rings hold it in the harness pocket. For ease of grip by hand, the handle of the ring is bent in relation to the base 60° and thickened.

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The ring has two guide holes through which a cable passes, ending with three studs. The cable is secured in the ring using a limiter. The studs of the pull ring cable are designed to close the eyelets on the cones of the backpack.
The cable studs are located at a distance from one another 150 mm.
The first pin, counting from the ring, has a length 38 mm, and the rest - 32 mm. The length of the cable from the end of the last pin to the limiter inclusive is equal to 1070 mm.

10. Pull ring with cable loop

The traction ring with a rope loop (Fig. 16) is designed to open the parachute in the event of a break or misalignment of the traction rope.

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It fits into a pocket located on the left front strap of the harness. The pull ring consists of ring 1, cable 2, loop 3, limiter 5 and bushing 4.
Trapezoidal ring made of steel wire Ø 7 mm. To quickly find the ring, the part protruding from the pocket is painted red.
Protrusions on two opposite sides of the ring hold it in a pocket on the harness. For ease of grip by hand, the handle of the ring is bent in relation to the base 60° and thickened.
The ring has two guide holes through which the cable passes, ending in a loop into which, during installation, the first pin of the traction cable is threaded, closing the eyelet on the cone of the backpack.
The cable is secured in the ring using a limiter. The length of the cable from the loop to the limiter inclusive is equal to 785 mm.

11. Pull rope

The pull rope (Fig. 17) is designed to force the parachute pack to open using a pull rope. The exhaust cable 1 has three pins 2 at one end, and a loop 3 at the other.

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The cable pins are designed to close the grommets on the cones of the backpack, and the cable loop is designed to connect the pull rope with the loop of the pull rope; A rubber tube is placed on the cable loop.
The cable pins for closing the backpack valves are located at a distance from one another 150 mm. The first pin, counting from the cable loop, has a length 38 mm; and the rest - 32 mm.
The length of the pull cable from the loop to the last pin inclusive is equal to 1015 mm.

12. Protective cover

The safety cover (Fig. 18) is used to protect the aircraft skin from possible damage to it by the studs of the exhaust cable after deployment of the parachute pack.

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Case 1 has the shape of a sleeve length 990 mm, made from raincoat fabric. At one end of the cover there is a loop 2, which is attached with a noose loop to the loop of the exhaust cable.
When the parachute is stowed, the cover is assembled in the form of an accordion towards the cable loop. After the cable pins come out of the cones, the safety cover straightens along the exhaust cable and completely covers it.

13. Device PPK-U-575A

The semi-automatic device PPK-U-575A (or KAP-3P-575) is designed for automatic parachute deployment.
The characteristics, description and operating rules of the device are given in the technical description and instructions and in the passport for the device.
General form the device is shown in Fig. 19.
Device hose length 575 mm, loop length 19 mm. Rope length 732 mm. The flexible pin halyard is not included in the kit of the device, but is included in the parachute kit.

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14. Break line

The break sling (Fig. 20) is designed to connect the canopy bridle with the loop of the traction rope when the parachute is put into action by forcibly opening the backpack and pulling the cover from the main canopy with the traction rope.
The break lanyard is made of cotton cord (SHB-60). The cord is bent in half and stitched with a zigzag stitch, while a loop is formed at one end of the broken sling, and at the other - two ends of the cord length 505 And 605 mm. The loop is attached to the canopy bridle and the ends of the sling are attached to the pull rope loop. The ends of the break sling are connected so that when one end of the break sling is tensioned, the second end has a slack equal to a quarter of the tensioned end of the sling.

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15. Flexible pin halyard

The flexible pin halyard is the connecting link between the flexible pin of the semi-automatic device and the traction rope.
Flexible pin halyard length 130 mm.
The halyard is made of durable nylon cord 200 kg(ShKP-200) in two folds and ends with loops, one of which is mounted as a noose loop to the flexible pin of the device, the other to the end loop of the traction rope.

16. Carrying bag

The portable bag is designed for storing a parachute during transportation and storage.
The carrying bag (Fig. 21) is rectangular in shape, has two handles 1 for carrying, a tape 2 and a loop with a tag 3 for sealing.
The upper base of the bag is tightened with a tightening cord 4.

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The bag is closed with a flap 5 using two half-ring buckles 6 and a ribbon. The cord passes through the tag and is sealed with a mastic seal. The portable bag is made of avisent, the size of the bag with the parachute packed into it 590 x 260 x 740 mm.

17. Passport

The passport (form 13a) is intended to record information about the reception, transfer, operation and repair of the parachute. The passport is an integral part of the parachute. The rules for maintaining a passport are set out in the passport itself.

Parachute D1-5-u (landing - 1st model - 5th controlled) was developed after the Great Patriotic War on the base landing parachute PD-47. He was one of the most mass parachutes, used in the USSR. Designed this parachute for training jumps of novice parachutists and, due to its high reliability and simplicity, is popular in Russia to this day.

Performance characteristics parachute D1-5-u.

At total mass parachute and parachutist 120 kg. the design of the D1-5-u parachute ensures reliable operation at altitudes of up to 1000 meters, both when it is immediately put into action at a horizontal flight speed of up to 250 km/h, and with any delay in opening the pack. In this case, the maximum overloads occurring at the moment of filling the dome do not exceed 10g. The force required to pull out the pull ring or pull rope, both during forced opening of the backpack and manually, is no more than 16 kgf.

Minimum jump height from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of up to 180 km/h. with immediate deployment of the parachute, it is 150 meters. The average vertical speed of a parachutist's descent, normalized to the standard atmosphere and measured in the area from 0 to 35 m from the ground, is 5.1 meters per second.

The D1 5u parachute provides stability during descent. The parachute is controlled using two special control lines. The canopy can be rotated 360° in any direction by pulling one control line in no more than 18 seconds. The speed of the parachutist's horizontal movement during the descent is on average 2.47 meters per second.

With the D1-5u parachute, semi-automatic parachute deployment devices PPK-U-575A or KAP-3P-575 and reserve parachutes of type 3-2, 3-1P, 3-3, 3-4 or 3-5 are used.

The technical life of the parachute is 200 uses (to be determined during operation) subject to timely repair and replacement of the canopy cover.

Dimensions of the stowed parachute, mm:

Length - 570+20;
Width - 377+20;
Height - 262+20.

The weight of the parachute is no more than 17.5 kg with a semi-automatic device without a carrying bag.

Parachute kit D1-5-u.

The parachute kit includes: a traction rope, a traction rope, a safety cover, a canopy with slings, a harness, a backpack with flexible hoses, a canopy cover, a ball traction parachute, a traction ring, a traction ring with a cable loop, a carrying bag, and a passport.

Features of the structure of the parachute canopy.

The dome is round in shape, made of percale, with an area of ​​82.5 m². It consists of four sectors, each of which is sewn from five panels. To give strength to the surface of the dome, a reinforcing frame is sewn from nylon tapes with a tensile strength of 150 kgf, forming 28 loops around the perimeter, to which 28 slings with a tensile strength of 125 kgf are attached, 8.87 meters long from the edge of the dome to the semi-rings of the suspension system. In the center of the dome there is a pole hole with a diameter of 430 mm. Pockets are sewn between the slings at the edge of the canopy to speed up the filling of the canopy. There are 27-28, 28-1, 1-2 triangular holes on the panel between the slings. When air leaves them, a reactive force is created that moves the dome in the horizontal direction. To control the canopy, nylon control lines are mounted to lines 28 and 1, and red brakes are attached to them (in common parlance, bombs). Tensile strength of control lines is 150 kgf.

Introduction of the D1-5-u parachute into operation.

The parachute has three deployment methods:

1. Forced opening of the backpack and pulling the cover from the canopy with a pull rope.

The traction rope carabiner is attached to the cable in the aircraft. After the parachutist separates, the traction rope is pulled to the first loop, the traction rope pins come out of the cone locks, the backpack is uncapped, under the influence of the parachutist’s mass the traction rope is pulled to the second loop, the canopy in the case comes out, the slings come out of the honeycomb on the backpack, from the honeycomb on the case, and are torn the sling breaks, the cover is forcibly pulled off the canopy by the plane. The time elapsed from the moment of separation from the aircraft until the parachute canopy is completely filled is about 3 seconds.

2. Forced opening of the backpack with pulling the cover from the canopy with a lanyardless ball parachute.

In this case, the traction rope is not attached to the cover. The rope carabiner is attached to the cable in the aircraft. After the parachutist is separated from the aircraft under the influence of his mass, the traction rope is tightened, the traction rope pins come out of the cone locks, the backpack is uncuffed, a spherical lineless parachute comes out, the canopy in the case is pulled out behind it, lines come out from the honeycombs on the backpack, from the honeycombs on the case, a spherical parachute pulls the cover off the dome to the length of the strand. The air flow enters pockets on the edge of the dome. The dome is filled while the cover is tightened at the same time. The strand consists of a nylon cord with a length of 1010 mm (double folded) and a strength of 550 kgf. The ball pilot chute is attached to the canopy cover and a strand to the parachute pole.

3. Manual opening of the backpack.

The backpack is unchecked manually, by the parachutist using a pull ring after a given period of time or at a certain height, as well as using the PPK-U-575A belay device, if for some reason the parachutist did not do this on his own.

Parachute control D1-5U.

First of all, you need to define the terminology:

Alignment is a line passing through the center of the landing point parallel to the direction of the wind.

Traverse - a line passing through the center of the landing point perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

Drift is the displacement of the parachute relative to the ground.

Large drift - the speed of the dome is directed according to the wind speed.

Small drift - the speed of the canopy is directed against the wind speed.

As previously mentioned, the D-1-5U parachute has its own horizontal speed of 2.47 m/s. and rotates 360° in 18 seconds.

After opening the parachute and making sure that it is working normally, the parachutist must determine his position in space, find the airfield and landing point. Determine the drift by looking at the ground through the edge of the reserve parachute. With a good release and the same wind direction at altitude, the paratrooper should move along the target in the direction of the landing point. By placing the parachute neutral to the wind, i.e. sideways, determine a possible landing site.

If it is beyond a given point (transition), you need to set the parachute to low drift and remain in this position for 10 to 20 seconds. Then place the parachute sideways to the wind, turning in the other direction, i.e. if the first time we turned over the right shoulder, the next time we turn over the left shoulder, because while we stood sideways to the wind, the dome came out of alignment.

If the possible landing site is located in front of a given point (under-return) - you need to put the canopy on a large drift and remain in this position for 10 to 20 seconds, then do another check, placing the canopy sideways to the wind. Work like this up to a height of 100 meters, keeping the canopy on the trajectory leading to the landing point. At an altitude of one hundred meters, decide whether to land on a large or small drift. If the landing point is in the center of the sand circle, you can continue to process the target on a large drift. If the landing point is set on the ground of the airfield, then at an altitude of 100 meters you need to turn into the wind, and then prepare for landing.

Preparations for landing on large and small drifts are the same. You need to squeeze your legs tightly and bend them slightly at the knees. Keep your feet parallel to the ground. Legs are tense. After your feet touch the ground, fall on your side or roll forward in the direction of movement. Stand up on feet. Pack the parachute into your bag and return to the start.

If, after opening the parachute, the paratrooper discovers that he is not on target, he needs to deploy the parachute, placing it sideways to the wind and enter the target. Upon entering the target, proceed as discussed earlier.

If the paratrooper discovers that due to changes weather conditions he doesn't hit given point landing, he must determine the location of a possible landing, select a safe area and move there. In the event of a sharp increase in wind, in order to avoid being blown outside the airfield, it is necessary to stand on a small drift and use the deep gliding method, which means stretching two or three front lines by 2-3 meters, as a result of which the shape of the canopy will be disrupted and the parachute will begin to move rapidly down towards the tensioned lines. At a height of at least 100 meters, the lines must be released so that the canopy regains its shape and the parachute regains its normal rate of descent before landing.

The D-1-5U controlled parachute is designed for training jumps.
1. With a total mass of the parachutist-parachute system of no more than 120 kg, the parachute provides:
reliable operation at an altitude of up to 1000 m, both with its immediate activation at a horizontal flight speed of up to 250 km/h, and with any delay in opening the pack, while the maximum overloads occurring at the moment of filling the canopy do not exceed 10 g;
minimum height jumping from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of 180 km/h with immediate deployment of the parachute - 150 m;
the average vertical speed of descent, normalized to the standard atmosphere, measured in the area 0-35 m from the ground, is 5.1 m/s;
stability during decline;
parachute control using two control lines;
rotation of the canopy and horizontal movement of the parachutist during the descent, and rotation of the canopy 360° in any direction in a time of no more than 18 s when one control line is pulled and horizontal movement of the parachute forward at an average speed of 2.47 m/s;
use of a semi-automatic parachute deployment device PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575;
detachment of the canopy from the suspension system both on the ground and in the air;
use of a reserve parachute type 3-2, 3-1P, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5;
the force required to pull out the pull ring or pull rope, both during forced opening of the backpack and manually, is no more than 16 kgf;
technical resource - 200 applications (to be specified during operation) subject to timely repair and replacement of the dome cover.
2. dimensions stowed parachute (no more), mm:
length: -570 +20;
width: -377 +20;
height: -262 +20;
3. The weight of the parachute is no more than 17.5 kg with a semi-automatic device without a carrying bag.

Tactical and technical data of parachute parts:

1. The traction rope is a nylon tape LTKMkrP-27-1200 with a strength of 1200 kgf, a length of 3000 mm with two loops (the second loop is at a distance of 1400 mm from the first). To protect the traction rope from burns, it is covered with a cover made of cotton tape LHBMkr-35-260 in the form of a hollow hose. The same covers are put on all the loops of the rope and on the carabiner.
2. A lineless pilot parachute consists of a parachute base and a spring mechanism. The hemispherical part is made of nylon mesh fabric, and the conical part is made of nylon fabric (art. 56005krP). The upper part of the parachute is also made of nylon fabric. The parachute area is 0.22 m2.
3. The dome cover is made of orange percale B (art. 7015cr), has the shape of a sleeve 5280 mm long, one pair of double removable honeycombs, 11 pairs of rubber non-removable honeycombs, an apron with two windows for passing double rubber honeycombs.
4. The dome is round in shape, made of percale P (art. 7019), consists of four sectors with a total area of ​​82.5 m2. The diameter of the pole hole is 430 mm. The canopy has 28 slings, 8870 mm long, made of ShKhBP-125 cotton cord with a strength of 125 kgf. On the dome panels, between slings No. 27 and 28, 28 and 1, 1 and 2, longitudinal holes are arranged. To control the canopy, control lines are mounted to lines No. 26, 27, 28 and 3, 2, 1.
5. The suspension system made of nylon tape LTK-44-1600 with a strength of 1600 kgf is equipped with OSK locks. To ensure correct connection of the risers to the harness locks, the rear risers are marked with the words "left", "right". The length of the free ends of the suspension system is 560 mm.
6. The parachute backpack is made of avisent A (art. 6700) and consists of a bottom and four valves. The material of the ring that replaces the middle cone is silk cord ShSh-80. The length of a single backpack rubber with pendants is 370 mm, and a double one is 385 mm.
7. Flexible hoses from a metal sleeve are covered with cotton tape LXX-40-130, the ends of the hoses with tape are tucked into caps.
The length of flexible hoses is 515 mm.
8. The pull ring consists of a housing, a cable, three pins and a limiter. The body is trapezoidal, made of red steel wire with a diameter of 7 mm. The cable studs are located one from the other at a distance of 150 mm. The first pin, counting from the ring, has a length of 38 mm, the rest - 32 mm each. The length of the cable from the end of the last pin to the limiter inclusive is 1070 mm.
9. The traction ring with a rope loop is designed to open the parachute in the event of a break or misalignment of the traction rope and consists of a ring, a cable, a loop and a limiter. The length of the cable from the loop to the limiter inclusive is 785 mm.
10. The traction rope has three pins at one end and a loop at the other. The cable loop is braided with cotton cord ShKhB-40. The studs are located one from the other at a distance of 150 mm. The length of the first pin is 38 mm, the rest are 32 mm each. The length of the exhaust cable from the loop to the last pin inclusive is 1015 mm.
11. The safety cover for the exhaust cable is made of raincoat fabric (art. 3101kr), has the shape of a sleeve with a length of 990 mm. At one end there is a loop, which is attached by a noose loop to the loop of the exhaust cable.
12. The PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575 device has a hose 575 mm long. Loop length - 19 mm, cable length - 732 mm. The flexible pin halyard is not included in the kit of the device, but is included in the parachute kit.
13. Breaking sling - made of cotton cord ШХБ-60, bent in half and stitched with a zigzag stitch. In this case, a loop is formed on one side of the breaking line, and on the other there are two ends of the cord with a length of 505 and 605 mm. The loop is attached to the canopy bridle, and the ends of the sling are connected to the loop of the traction rope. The ends of the break sling are connected so that when one end of the break sling is tense, the other has a slack equal to a quarter of the tensioned end of the sling.
14. The flexible pin halyard is made of ShKP-200 nylon cord with a strength of 200 kgf in two folds and ends with loops, one of which (noose loop) is mounted to the flexible pin of the device, the other to the end loop of the traction rope. The length of the flexible pin halyard is 130 mm.
15. A rectangular carrying bag, made from Advice A (art. 6700), has two handles for carrying. Bag dimensions 600x260x740 mm.
16. The passport is intended to record information about the reception, transfer, operation and repair of the parachute. The passport is an integral part of the parachute

Chapter 2.

TRAINING PARACHUTES

PARACHUTE D-1-5U

The controlled parachute D-1-5U (Fig. 11) is designed for training jumps.

Tactical and technical data of the parachute

1. With a total mass of the parachute and parachutist of 120 kg, the parachute design provides:

─ reliable operation at an altitude of up to 1000 m, both when it is immediately put into operation at a horizontal flight speed of up to 250 km/h, and with any delay in opening the backpack, while the maximum overloads occurring at the moment of filling the canopy do not exceed 10g;

─ minimum jump height from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of 180 km/h with immediate deployment of the parachute ─ 150 m;

average vertical speed of descent, normalized to the standard atmosphere, measured in the area 0─35 m from the ground, ─5.1 m/s;

─ stability during decline; parachute control using two control lines;

─ turning the canopy and horizontal movement of the parachutist during the descent, and turning the canopy 360° in any direction in a time of no more than 18 s when one control line is pulled and the horizontal movement of the parachute forward with an average speed of 2.47 m/s;

─ use of a semi-automatic parachute deployment device PPK-U-575A or

KAP-ZP-575;

─ disconnecting the canopy from the suspension system both on the ground and in the air; use of a reserve parachute type 3-2, 3-Sh, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5;

─ the force required to pull out the pull ring or pull rope both during forced opening of the backpack and manually, ─ no more than 16 kgf;

─ technical resource ─ 200 applications (to be specified during operation) subject to timely repair and replacement of the dome cover.

2. Dimensions of the stowed parachute, mm:

length ─ 570+20;

width ─ 377+20;

height ─ 262+20.

Rice. 11. General view of the opened parachute D-1-5U

3. The weight of the parachute is no more than 17.5 kg with a semi-automatic device without a carrying bag.

Tactical and technical data of parachute parts

1. The traction rope is a nylon tape LTKMkrP-27-1200 with a strength of 1200 kgf, a length of 3000 mm with two loops (the second loop is at a distance of 1400 mm from the first). To protect the traction rope from burns, it is covered with a cover made of cotton tape LHBMkr-35-260 in the form of a hollow hose. The same covers are put on all the loops of the rope and on the carabiner.

2. A lineless pilot parachute consists of a parachute base and a spring mechanism. The hemispherical part is made of nylon mesh fabric, and the conical part is made of nylon fabric (art. 56005krP). The upper part of the parachute is also made of nylon fabric. The parachute area is 0.22 m².

3. The dome cover is made of orange percale B (art. 7015cr), has the shape of a sleeve 5280 mm long, one pair of double removable honeycombs, 11 pairs of rubber non-removable honeycombs, an apron with two windows for passing double rubber honeycombs.

4. The dome is round in shape, made of percale P (art. 7019), consists of four sectors with a total area of ​​82.5 m². The diameter of the pole hole is 430 mm. The canopy has 28 slings, 8870 mm long, made of ShKhBP-125 cotton cord with a strength of 125 kgf. On the dome panels, between slings No. 27 and 28, 28 and 1, 1 and 2, longitudinal holes are arranged. To control the canopy, control lines are mounted to lines No. 26, 27, 28 and 3, 2, 1.

Rice. 11A Dome D-1-5U in plan

1 ─Panels; 2 ─ Reinforcing frame; 3─Reinforcing tape; 4 ─ Holes

5. The suspension system made of nylon tape LTK-44-1600 with a strength of 1600 kgf is equipped with OSK locks. To ensure correct connection of the risers to the harness locks, the rear risers are marked with the words<левый>, <правый>. The length of the free ends of the suspension system is ─ 560 mm.

6. The parachute backpack is made of avisent A (art. 6700) and consists of a bottom and four valves. The material of the ring that replaces the middle cone is silk cord ShSh-80. The length of a single backpack rubber with pendants is 370 mm, and a double one is 385 mm.

7. Flexible hoses made of metal sleeves are covered with cotton tape

LXX-40-130, the ends of the hoses with tape are tucked into caps.

Length of flexible hoses ─ 515 mm.

8. The pull ring consists of a housing, a cable, three pins and a limiter. The body is trapezoidal, made of red steel wire with a diameter of 7 mm. The cable studs are located one from the other at a distance of 150 mm. The first pin, counting from the ring, has a length of 38 mm, the rest are 32 mm each. The length of the cable from the end of the last pin to the limiter inclusive is 1070 mm.

9. The traction ring with a rope loop is designed to open the parachute in the event of a break or misalignment of the traction rope and consists of a ring, a cable, a loop and a limiter. The length of the cable from the loop to the limiter inclusive is 785 mm.

10. The traction rope has three pins at one end and a loop at the other. The cable loop is braided with cotton cord ShKhB-40. The studs are located one from the other at a distance of 150 mm. The length of the first pin is 38 mm, the rest are 32 mm each. The length of the exhaust cable from the loop to the last pin inclusive is ─ 1015 mm.

11. The safety cover for the exhaust cable is made of raincoat fabric (art. 3101kr), has the shape of a sleeve with a length of 990 mm. At one end there is a loop, which is attached by a noose loop to the loop of the exhaust cable.

12. The PPK-U-575A or KAP-ZP-575 device has a hose 575 mm long. Loop length ─ 19 mm, cable length ─ 732 mm. The flexible pin halyard is not included in the kit of the device, but is included in the parachute kit.