Avenir Gavrilovich Novozhilov(January 31, 1927, Zaluzhye village, Tver province - April 17, 2003, Klimovsk, Moscow region) - Soviet and Russian designer and scientist in the field of creating artillery weapons systems.
Head and participant of R&D on the creation by TsNIItochmash specialists together with Motovilikhinskiye Zavody in Perm of a fundamentally new 120-mm 2A51 rifled gun and based on it:
adopted by the Airborne Forces and ground forces.
Scientific supervisor of a new direction in the creation and development of automated self-propelled systems of the "Vienna" type.
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Avenir Gavrilovich Novozhilov(January 31, 1927, Zaluzhye village, Kalinin region - April 17, 2003, Klimovsk, Moscow region) - Soviet and Russian designer and scientist, in the field of creating artillery weapons systems.
Head and participant of R&D on the creation by specialists of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering together with the Motovilikhinskiye Zavody in Perm of a fundamentally new 120-mm rifled gun 2A51 and based on it:
adopted by the Airborne Forces and ground forces.
Scientific supervisor of a new direction in the creation and development of automated self-propelled systems of the "Vienna" type.
Categories: Personalities alphabetically ,
›Avenir Gavrilovich Novozhilov | |
Soviet designer and scientist in the field of creating artillery weapons systems | |
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Occupation: | design engineer |
Date of Birth: | |
Place of Birth: | Zaluzhye village, |
The country: | the USSR Russia |
Date of death: | |
Place of death: | city of Klimovsk |
Awards and prizes: |
Avenir Gavrilovich Novozhilov(January 31, 1927, Zaluzhye village, Kalinin region - April 17, 2003, Klimovsk, Moscow region) - Soviet and Russian designer and scientist in the field of creating artillery weapons systems.
BiographyHead and participant of R&D on the creation by specialists of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering together with the Motovilikhinskiye Zavody in Perm of a fundamentally new 120-mm rifled gun 2A51 and based on it:
adopted by the Airborne Forces and ground forces.
Scientific supervisor of a new direction in the creation and development of automated self-propelled systems of the "Vienna" type.
Awards and titlesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Soviet designer and scientist in the field of creating artillery weapons systems |
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[[Lua error in Module:Wikidata/Interproject on line 17: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value). |Artworks]] in Wikisource |
Avenir Gavrilovich Novozhilov(January 31, Zaluzhye village, Tver province - April 17, Klimovsk, Moscow region) - Soviet and Russian designer and scientist in the field of creating artillery weapons systems.
Head and participant of R&D on the creation by specialists of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering together with the Motovilikhinskiye Zavody in Perm of a fundamentally new 120-mm rifled gun 2A51 and based on it:
Scientific supervisor of a new direction in the creation and development of automated self-propelled systems of the "Vienna" type.
23.04.2009
The main developer of the "Transmitter" - Avenir Gavrilovich's classmate at the institute - also spoke out against rifled ammunition. They killed a lot of time, spent their nerves arguing, but they also convinced him. He, too, has become our ally. By this time, a new leader had come to OKB-9 and refused to cooperate with us.
I had to turn to Yury Nikolaevich Kalachnikov, the chief designer of the Perm Machine-Building Plant. With this plant, we have previously developed "Hyacinth". They took it upon themselves to be in charge of ROC. And work began to boil. The head of the design bureau Shvarev Rafael Yakovlevich and the leading designer Piatrovsky Alexander Yuryevich (from the same kind of Piotrovsky that gave the country two directors of the Hermitage) came to our institute. All questions were agreed. The work was friendly and successful. We started making samples. But here again there were difficulties.
For the development of the chassis, the Volgograd Tractor Plant (belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture) has always been the lead one. But this time he refused. Then this work was taken over by the Perm Machine-Building Plant. I even had to first assemble the gun at the Barricades plant in Volgograd, literally dragging parts from the tractor factory there.
In the course of work, there were difficulties with the development of a fuse, which should work at very small and large loads and at overloads.
The fuse went off in the bore. As a result, we had neither a trunk nor a car. It was necessary to prove how and why in order to get everything and continue the work. Avenir Gavrilovich collected all the barrels that we had from mortars and proved that the fuse was to blame. This he did brilliantly.
In 1974, we prepared a mock-up, the ROC was opened for us, and in 1980 the gun was already in Afghanistan. SAO 2S9 "Nona-S" we have actually created in 5 years.
The control system on the "None" did not differ from the same "Carnation" and "Acacia". Same aim. In parallel with this, the Kovrov All-Russian Research Institute "Signal" (Director of the Institute Sazykin Yuri Mikhailovich) developed the Rheostat reconnaissance and fire control vehicle, which controlled the Nonami.
The name of the gun "Nona" was proposed by the GRAU, which determined the names according to the existing catalog.
The troops began to call "Nonu" in their own way: both "Nyurka", and even "a new ground artillery weapon."
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And Lieutenant Bychenkov fought in Afghanistan, commanded a battery of Nona guns, was seriously wounded (lost his leg). Avenir Gavrilovich and Boris Mikhailovich Ostroverkhov, chairman of the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Airborne Forces, helped him get a job in the military registration and enlistment office at his place of residence.
How quickly the development of the weapon went, at the same pace Avenir Gavrilovich organized tests. The regimen was as follows: rise until 7 am, breakfast and go to the landfill. At about 20 they returned, "debriefing"; a large journal where all comments are recorded, what is needed tomorrow, to whom, what and where, a test report is immediately drawn up, etc. Hours at 2 am - lights out. And from 7 am again forward. Here is a mode. Thanks to this promptness, the tests passed quickly.
It was necessary to shoot the firing mode - this is 90 shots in 30 minutes. Mode shooting is a common procedure in gun development. As a calculator, I calculated that we will not squeeze out 90 shots given according to the TTZ, the maximum is 50. Avenir Gavrilovich: "... 90 is set, shoot." We started. And they didn't fit. By tradition, the chief designer, before the regime shooting (final operation), put a box of vodka under the bed, which they should drink after the shooting. They did not meet 90 shots, but the box was emptied. We determined the mode of 70 shots. And again they didn't fit. In the end, it turned out in my opinion, they missed 50 shots. But the next box was left empty.
True, Avenir Gavrilovich did not always like the results of my calculations, which I stubbornly defended, but he defended his own with the same stubbornness, doubting and not immediately yielding. And when it still came out in my opinion, he said: “Your truth, well done,” and shook his hand. Never offended.
When my "Nona" and I arrived in Luga for military trials, Avenir Gavrilovich met with the head of the artillery academy, General Matveev, whom he had known and been friends with for a long time, and said to him:
- Here is my "Nona" now firing, let's look at the funnel, it will be 5 meters in diameter.
- Yes, what are you? Can not be. Our 152-mm projectile does not do this.
We argued. For what, I don’t know, but probably not for a mug of milk.
They fired two shots, the fuse was set to high-explosive action. Let's go see the results. General Matveev was surprised and asked to be photographed on the edge of the funnel.
I must say that the gun was distinguished by high firing accuracy, high projectile power, omnivorousness - it could fire French, Finnish, Spanish, Chinese and Israeli mines, including mines for a rifled French mortar. Such qualities are important for the Airborne Forces. There are still no analogues to our weapon in the world.
SAO 2S9 from the first experimental battery on state tests, 1979. |
After the weapon was put into service in 1981, we began working on the Nona-2, and development work was also carried out on the Vienna for the Airborne Forces based on the Octopus-SD. Research work was going on, and Avenir Gavrilovich took an active part in them. You had to spend a lot of time walking with papers through bureaucratic offices, convincing them of what is necessary, and officials tell you the opposite.
When the ROC was opened in Vienna, there was a lot of joy. But the health of Avenir Gavrilovich was already undermined.
Currently, the Airborne Troops are repairing 2S9 guns and their modifications. There are many new ideas in our team. But we are already working without Avenir Gavrilovich Novozhilov.
Schastlivtsev Veniamin Petrovich
Head of Artillery
departments, head of the 25th department
them. A.G. Novozhilova
FSUE TSNIITOCHMASH.
“What is better?
Compare the past, bring it together with the present.
Kozma Prutkov.
After graduating from the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute with a degree in solid propellant rocket engines in 1970, I arrived at TSNIITOCHMASH. At the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, where I studied, everyone was raving about space, and they thought about artillery that it was yesterday.
But it turned out that artillery is not a cave weapon, but a branch of the armed forces with a future. It was during this period that artillery began to revive, and the institute was entrusted with the tasks of its revival. In 1968, an artillery department was created, headed by Avenir Gavrilovich Novozhilov.
We started by studying foreign experience. We received a lot of relevant literature. This question was well posed at the time.
We grabbed a French 120-mm mortar under fire with ready-made rifling from the Hotchkiss company.
in France in the 1960s. 120-mm rifled towed mortar MO-120-RT-61 was created by Hotchkiss-Brandt, which entered service in 1973 under the designation F.1. The mortar consists of a barrel with a breech, a carriage with wheels and a base plate. The mortar barrel has a length of 15 calibers (the muzzle-loading scheme no longer allowed, with the need to lift the mine manually to the muzzle of the barrel), 40 grooves were made in the barrel bore, annular grooves were made on the outer surface for better cooling. Mortar weight - 582 kg, calculation - 7 people.
The mortar ammunition includes high-explosive fragmentation, high-explosive fragmentation active-reactive, lighting mines. The mine has the form of a pointed artillery projectile with ready-made ledges on the leading belt, a detachable tubular tail with an igniter primer has fire transfer holes, and charges in caps are put on the tail. The shot is going into position. Vertical guidance angles - from +30 to +85 degrees, horizontal - 360o. The firing range of a conventional high-explosive fragmentation mine PR-14 weighing 18.7 kg is up to 8.13 km, an active-reactive type PRPA (the same 18.7 kg, including a jet engine) is up to 13 km. An "anti-armor" active-reactive mine with ready-made heavy fragments was also developed, capable of supposedly penetrating 12-mm armor at a distance of 1.5 m from the point of explosion. The shot is made by impaling or descent. Practical rate of fire - 6-10, maximum - 20 rds / min. This mortar, by the way, turned out to be popular with paratrooper units.
MO-120-RT-61 was supplied to a number of countries (Norway, Japan). In Turkey, the production of its copy under the designation HY-12 "Tosam" was supplied by MKEK. In 1985, the Lor company introduced, under the designation VPX-40M, a self-propelled version of the F.1 mortar on a light tracked armored chassis VPX-5000, with an open cabin at the top, pointing angles from +45 to +85 degrees, and a portable ammunition load of 20 shots. At the same time, a self-propelled version of the same MO-120LT mortar on a VAB wheeled chassis was presented. VPX-40M appeared later than the Nona-S self-propelled gun and did not have its versatility.
We carefully studied all this and decided to study how this line was developing in the USSR. They raised the documents of the 1930s, when such work was also carried out in the USSR under the guidance of the outstanding designer Upornikov. But then this direction was recognized as erroneous, and the designers as "technical wreckers" were declared enemies of the people and shot. We requested materials from the artillery museum. On the technical reports of Upornikov and his associates there were corresponding resolutions, after which the authors ended badly.
We were faced with the task of making a light mountain mortar, but powerful enough. Moreover, it was required that this mortar could also shoot direct fire. Here is such a combined weapon conceived. They named him Lily. They began to work on this mortar from the beginning of the 1970s. It so happened that fate brought us together with the commander of the Airborne Forces, General Vasily Filippovich Margelov. We showed him our developments and offered to place our mortar on the BTR-D chassis.
Then, in the interests of the Airborne Forces, the development of a 122-mm gun for the Airborne Forces called "Violet" was carried out. A sample in 1974 came to our institute from Volgograd. Delivered by plane. This weapon is powerful and heavy. We proved to General Margelov that with such a caliber and with the base available in the Airborne Forces, nothing will come of it, but there are no landing equipment for a heavier base. And we offered our own version. Margelov supported us.
And painstaking work began on the creation of a self-propelled gun for the Airborne Forces.
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