Bmd - airborne combat vehicles. Bmd - airborne combat vehicles Service in the troops and combat use

Soviet/Russian combat tracked amphibious vehicle, airborne by parachute, parachute-jet or landing method. BMD-3 is designed to transport personnel of the airborne troops, increase their mobility, armament and security on the battlefield.

Adopted in 1990

History of creation

Work on the creation of the BMD-3 was started in parallel with the development of the BMP-3. However, the results of the development showed that the mass of the BMP-3 with landing equipment would significantly exceed 20 tons, so the Il-76M aircraft would be able to carry only one combat vehicle on board. Therefore, in the early 1980s, work was opened to create the appearance of an airborne combat vehicle. During the design, two options for the BMD-3 were considered. The first assumed a vehicle with an armament complex of a 100-mm 2A70 gun paired with a 30-mm small-caliber 2A72 automatic gun. The estimated mass of such a BMD was 18 tons. The second option involved the use of a combat module with a 30-mm automatic gun 2A42. Thus, the loading of the Il-76M aircraft was either 2 infantry fighting vehicles weighing 18 tons, or 3 infantry fighting vehicles weighing 12.5 tons. Subsequent research work has proved that with the second option, BMD tasks are performed much more efficiently. On the basis of the experience gained and the results of research, on May 20, 1983, the ROC was officially opened under the code "Bakhcha" by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU No. 451-159. The work included the development of an airborne combat vehicle weighing 12.5 tons. The Volgograd Tractor Plant was appointed the lead developer.

A month after the decision was issued, the tactical and technical specifications for the new BMD were agreed, and the stage of the technical project was completed. When developing a new BMD, the experience gained in the course of work on the BMD-1 and the light tank "Object 934" was used. By 1985, three prototypes of the new BMD were manufactured and completed acceptance tests. According to the test results, it turned out that all the samples exceeded the permissible weight by 190-290 kg, the running machine gave numerous failures in operation, however, thanks to the operational work of the VgTZ design bureau, most of the shortcomings were eliminated and in May 1986, the experimental BMD completed preliminary tests.

In 1986, the Volgograd Tractor Plant produced 3 more prototypes, which were sent for State testing. New samples exceeded the permissible weight by 400 kg, as they were manufactured taking into account measures to improve the reliability of the undercarriage components. State tests of BMD took place from October 27, 1986 to October 27, 1987. According to the test results, two of the three machines were finalized and sent for control tests in various climatic zones. The tests were carried out from July 10 to November 19, 1988. The test result on the topic "Bakhcha" was rated as positive. The machine as a whole met the performance requirements, so on February 10, 1990, the Object 950 combat vehicle was adopted by the USSR under the designation BMD-3.

Design Description

Thanks to the dual-channel sight, both the gunner-operator and the vehicle commander can fire from the cannon and the 7.62-mm machine gun coaxial with it. The machine is equipped with a stabilized combined day and night (active-passive) periscope sight.
The BMD-3 has individual universal seats for the entire combat crew (7 people), which are attached not to the bottom, but to the roof of the hull, this increases the protection of the crew from mines and land mines.
There is protection against weapons of mass destruction.
Ammunition, pcs.:
-30 mm rounds for the 2A42 gun (500)
- cartridges of caliber 7.62 mm (2000)
-ATGM "Competition" (4)
- shots for the AGS-17 grenade launcher (290)
- cartridges of caliber 5.45 mm (2160)
-Air transportation: Il-76, An-22, An-124, Mi-26
-Air landing: Il-76, An-22

Characteristics

Combat weight, t: 12.9..13.2
- Crew, people: 2
- Landing, pers.: 5
-Dimensions:
- Case length, mm: 6000
-Length with gun forward, mm: 6360
- Hull width, mm: 3114
-Height, mm: 2170..2450
- Base, mm: 3200
- Track, mm: 2744
-Clearance, mm: 130..530
Booking:
- Armor type: bulletproof. Steel turret, aluminum armor hull
Armament:
- Caliber and brand of gun: 30 mm 2A42
- Gun type: rifled small-caliber automatic gun
- Gun ammunition: 500+360
- Angles VN, degrees: -5..+75
- GN angles, degrees: 360
- Firing range, km: up to 4
-Sights: BPK-2-42, 1PZ-3, PZU-5, PPB-2-2
-Machine guns: 1 x 7.62 mm PKT 1 x 5.45 mm RPKS-74
-Other weapons: 1 x AGS-17 "Flame" 1 x PU ATGM 9M111 "Fagot" / 9M113 "Competition"
Mobility:
-Engine type: Brand: 2V-06-2 Type: supercharged diesel Displacement: 16950 cc Configuration: Boxer-6 Cylinders: 6 Combined fuel consumption: 136..164 l/100 km Highway fuel consumption: 90 l / 100 km Cooling: liquid Cycle rate (number of cycles): 4 Cylinder firing order: 1l-3p-2l- -1p-3l-2p Recommended fuel: DL, DZ, YES, TS-1, T-2, A-72 , A-76, AI-93 Engine power, l. p.: 450
-Speed ​​on the highway, km/h: 70..71
- Speed ​​​​over rough terrain, km / h: 10 afloat
- Cruising on the highway, km: 500
-Cruising range over rough terrain, km: 275..330
- Specific power, l. s./t: 24.3
- Suspension type: independent, individual pneumatic
- Specific ground pressure, kg/sq.cm: 0.32..0.48
- Climbability, deg.: 35
- overcome wall, m: 0.8
- Crossable ditch, m: 1.5
- Crossable ford, m: floats

In 1978, the variant of the airborne combat vehicle under the designation BMD-1P with increased firepower when firing at armored targets. The re-equipment of the linear ones was carried out due to the withdrawal of the Malyutka ATGM and the installation of a complex instead 9K113 "Competition" (9K111 "Bassoon") with semi-automatic guidance, increased armor penetration and an extended range of combat use distances. Machine development BMD-1P was carried out in the same VgTZ design bureau by analogy with the modification of an infantry fighting vehicle. Production BMD-1P was carried out from 1979 to 1986 - more than 1000 units were produced, and the commander's version BMD-1PK- was produced until 1987 (220 cars were produced). In addition, during the overhaul, all previously produced and BMD-1K. Thus, all airborne combat vehicles that remained in service in Russia and the CIS countries after 1990 were modifications BMD-1P.

When re-equipping the base launch bracket for 9M14M "Baby" missiles on the gun mask was dismantled, and a special pin was installed on the roof of the tower, on which a rotary launcher was put on 9P135M(1) complex "Competition" ("Bassoon"). The shooter could fire missiles, leaning out of the hatch of the tower. The ATGM ammunition load has been reduced to three pieces (two 9M113 and one 9M111), which are placed inside the hull in regular launch containers instead of the old 9M14M stowage. The launcher with a sight in the stowed position also fits inside the hull, in addition, there is a tripod that turns the anti-tank system into a portable version that allows firing from the ground. The 9K113 complex was intended to destroy tanks and other mobile armored objects moving at speeds up to 60 km / h, fixed targets - firing points, as well as hovering enemy helicopters, subject to their optical visibility at ranges up to 4000 m.

16 shots were introduced into the ammunition load of the 2A28 gun OG-15V with frag grenades. In mechanized laying, they are evenly spaced - after three shots of PG-15V - two OG-15V. Improved observation devices and an improved 1PN22M2 sight, new rollers were also installed on the machine, the engine and transmission underwent some modifications. In addition, a GPK-59 gyroscopic semi-compass, a calorific heater and a fan of the middle compartment were installed. Combat weight BMD-1P increased to 7.6 tons.

On the base BMD-1P a command vehicle was also produced BMD-1PK, which differed from BMD-1K only the composition of the weapons, which included the new anti-tank systems. It had a second R-123M radio station, a second R-124 intercom, an R-105M remote VHF radio station, an AB-0.5-P / 30 gasoline-electric unit and two removable tables for the commander and radio operator in the troop compartment. In the working position, the charging unit was attached outside the case. To improve the working conditions of the commander, the left course machine gun mount was removed from the vehicle, and the ammunition load for 7.62-mm PKT machine guns was reduced to 3,000 rounds.

BMD-1

BMD-1 became the world's first amphibious assault vehicle thrown from an aircraft along with the crew. With our paratroopers BMD-1 passed through Afghanistan, and Chechnya, and South Ossetia. In the last conflict, the crew of one BMD-1 defeated the Georgian military column .

And the story began BMD-1 in those glorious times when our country was a great and powerful power that controlled almost half of the world. The then famous Uncle Vasya, Vasily Filippovich, commanded the Soviet airborne troops. Margelov. He tirelessly fought for the transformation of the Airborne Forces from light infantry into a full-fledged branch of the military, and constantly demanded new special airborne equipment from the state.
« In order to fulfill their role in modern operations, it is necessary that our formations and units are highly maneuverable, covered with armor, have sufficient fire efficiency, are well controlled, are able to land at any time of the day and quickly switch to active combat operations after landing." said the general Margelov. Exactly Margelov and created the concept bmd- airborne combat vehicle. He personally spoke with the heads of various design bureaus of the country, conducting work on tank topics, convincing them to take up the airborne combat vehicle.
According to the tactical and technical task bmd in terms of armament, maneuverability, armor protection of the frontal projection and the range of installed equipment, it was supposed to correspond to that developed at that time BMP-1, but the dimensions and combat weight were strictly limited by the conditions for the placement and free extraction of the machine by parachute through the cargo hatch of the An-12 production aircraft. The available landing systems made it possible to land cargo weighing no more than 10 tons; two tons were assigned to the means of landing, and another half a ton - to the mass reserve.
In those days, the contractor was not determined by the size of the rollback and not even by the cheapness of the proposed project. Of the three projects presented by different factories, the Volgograd tank project turned out to be the best. In many ways, it resembled the future BMP-1, but its engine - a six-cylinder V-shaped diesel UGD-20A - was located at the rear, and the crew and troops fell into bmd through a hatch located behind the turret in the roof of the hull. A more powerful and less fire hazardous engine favorably distinguished the Volgograd project from the other two, which used a 140-horsepower gasoline engine from the BRDM, but, nevertheless, the diesel engine had to be derated from 300 to 240 hp in order to reduce the consumption of fuel and lubricants that were delivered to the paratroopers by air. In this version, the engine received the index 5D20.

Despite the deforation, the engine provided a specific power of 35.7 hp / t. At that time, none of the combat vehicles that were then in service had such a specific power.

The cooling was ejection, and, therefore, did not eat up that

Engine start on BMD-1 early releases are made using the main electric starter or a backup air intake system. With the introduction of the engine-driven compressor in 1973, the air intake system became the mainstream. To facilitate starting at low temperatures, the engine was equipped with an electric injector heater included in the cooling system..
The capacity of the fuel tanks was 295 liters, and the cruising range on the highway reached 500 km.
The undercarriage consisted of an air suspension and a caterpillar mover with electro-hydraulic track tensioning mechanisms and aft drive wheels. Pneumatic suspension provided a change in ground clearance from 100 to 450 mm. Movement afloat was carried out by two water cannons located in the MTO between the engine and the sides of the hull.
The combat weight of the vehicle was 6.72 tons, the landing weight was 5.95 tons.
The armament of the BMD included a 73 mm 2A28 Grom smoothbore gun, a Malyutka ATGM launcher, one coaxial and two course 7.62 mm PKT machine guns. For firing from a twin weapon mount, a combined, non-illuminated (day and night) sight TPN-22 "Shield" was used. The loading mechanism and the BMD and BMP sighting system were unified. The ammunition load consisted of 35 active-rocket rounds for the gun (subsequently, on a production vehicle, the ammunition load for the gun included 40 active-rocket shots - the full capacity of the loading mechanism), three guided missiles 9M14 ATGM "Malyutka" and 3000 cartridges for PKT machine guns.

In addition, 10 F-1 hand grenades and a flare pistol with 10 signal cartridges were placed in the car.
armored corps BMD-1 It is a rigid box-shaped structure of complex shape, assembled by welding from rolled sheets of ABT-101 aluminum armor with a thickness of 10, 12, 15, 20, 23 and 32 mm. The frontal part of the hull consists of two bent gable sheets: the upper one, 15 mm thick, located at an inclination of 75 ° to the vertical and the lower one, 32 mm thick, located at an inclination of 47 °. In cross section, the hull has a T-shape with developed fender niches along the entire length, tapering in width in the bow. The hull sides are vertical and assembled from 23 mm top sheets, 20 mm bottom sheets and sloping fenders. Above the engine compartment in the hull, a passage is formed in the middle part, as a result of which the feed consists of three sheets: aft sheets of fenders having a thickness of 15 mm and a slope of 38 ° and a lower 20 mm sheet having a slope of 9 °.

The hull roof has a thickness of 12 mm above the middle compartment and 10 mm above the engine compartment. The bottom of the hull has a thickness of 10 mm and a slope of 70 ° in the frontal tip and 12 mm in the rest. Since the bottom has a relatively small thickness, its rigidity is additionally increased by three longitudinal stampings and a longitudinal beam. The forehead of the hull and turret provided protection for the crew, troops and internal equipment from 14.5 mm armor-piercing bullets, the side from 7.62 mm bullets.

The first three experimental cars were tested by running from the factory to the working village of Erzovka (Volgograd region), at the factory test site - along a pound road, sand and mud, and also afloat - in a deep ravine with water. During the test, a "shortage" of the combat mass of the vehicle was manifested, which did not allow for a long-term stable movement and rolling of the vehicle. According to the results, they chose the option with a four-speed gearbox, dual-slope rubber-coated rollers and a caterpillar with one ridge were installed in the undercarriage.
Comprehensive testing of BMD began in 1967 at the NIIIBTT test site in Kubinka near Moscow. Due to the high specific power of the engine, low specific pressure on the ground and the successful design of the undercarriage, BMD-1 possessed exceptionally high cross-country ability on rough terrain. The relatively small ratio of the length of the bearing surface to the track width contributed to good agility. In addition, relatively little effort on the levers was required to control the driver. The car confidently overcame a rise of 32 °, a vertical wall 0.7 m high and a ditch 2 m wide.

BMD-1 turned out to be surprisingly maneuverable - its turning radius is equal to its width, which is 2380 mm. Considering that its length is only 5400 mm, BMD-1 was placed in a 20-foot container and could be secretly transported around the country without attracting the attention of enemy reconnaissance satellites.

The use of air suspension significantly increased the accuracy of shooting immediately. Therefore, in comparative tests with the BMP-1, the firing accuracy immediately BMD-1 turned out to be much higher - despite the fact that due to the lack of a loading mechanism on it, the gunner-operator was forced to constantly break away from the sight to load the gun.
Thanks to the use of water cannons and pulling the road wheels to the hull afloat, the new car felt much more confident than the “infantry” counterpart. The speed of movement afloat was 10.5 km / h, while there was no noticeable sagging of the lower branch of the caterpillar. The change in clearance helped to simplify the process of entering the car into and out of the water - in the last car, the presence of jet propulsion also helped noticeably.
According to the test results, the BMD was adopted under the designation BMD-1 Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of April 14, 1969.
Mass production BMD-1 deployed at the Volgograd Tractor Plant, and on January 5, 1973, at the Slobodka airborne parachute track near Tula, for the first time in world practice, a landing was made BMD-1 on parachute-platform facilities in the Centaur complex with two crew members on board. The crew commander was the son of Vasily Filippovich, Senior Lieutenant Alexander Vasilievich Margelov, and the driver was Lieutenant Colonel Leonid Gavrilovich Zuev.
In 1971, the commander's version was adopted under the designation BMD-1 K, which differs from the base vehicle in additional communication equipment, a gasoline charger to ensure its operation when the engine is turned off, removable tables for the commander and radio operator, reduced machine gun ammunition and a permanent crew of six people.

BMD-1P with parachute system PBS-15
In 1978, a modernized modification was adopted. bmd, which received in the linear and commander versions of the designations, respectively, BMD-1 P.
The main change introduced to BMD-1 P, was the installation of a new anti-tank missile system 9K111, designed to destroy not only armored vehicles and pillboxes, but also hovering helicopters. This led to a reduction in machine gun ammunition by 300 rounds. In addition, on BMD-1 P began to install a gyroscopic semi-compass GPK-59, a heater heater and a fan of the middle compartment.

On the base BMD-1 a unique self-propelled unit with a cannon-howitzer-mortar was created . Production BMD-1 P was carried out from 1979 to 1986. Currently, the Russian Airborne Forces have preserved more than 700 BMD-1.

BMD-1 in South Ossetia

See

Airborne combat vehicles are light armored vehicles designed for parachute landing. They appeared in the USSR and had no analogues in the world, however, other countries did not really try to do something similar.

BMD are designed to transport infantry and support it with the fire of their guns. In this they are similar to infantry fighting vehicles, but differ in strictly limited dimensions and weight, allowing military transport aircraft to parachute vehicles using a parachute.

History of creation

It all started in the early 1960s, when the Soviet Union needed armed armored vehicles capable of transporting troops under the conditions of the use of tactical nuclear weapons, fighting enemy armored vehicles and being air transportable.

At that time, infantry fighting vehicles existed, but their mass of 13 tons was not very suitable for transportation by plane, and there was no parachute system.

The commander of the airborne troops, Margelov, put forward an initiative to create a new machine, which is distinguished by small dimensions and weight.

Military service and combat use

In 1968, the BMD-1 entered mass production, which became the first-born in a family of such equipment. A machine weighing 7.2 tons, with bulletproof aluminum armor and protection against weapons of mass destruction, was easily transported by aircraft and parachuted along with the troops and crew inside.

Crew of 2 people, 5 paratroopers in the transport and combat compartment. The turret is equipped with a 73 mm 2A28 "Thunder" gun, a machine gun is paired with it. To combat heavily armored vehicles, a 9K11 Malyutka anti-tank system with ammunition in 3 wire-guided missiles was installed on the roof of the tower.

BMD-1 took part in many military conflicts, for example, in the Afghan, two Chechen wars, the Transnistrian and South Ossetian conflicts. There is one confirmed case of hitting an enemy tank with a 73 mm cannon.

The main disadvantage was the extremely weak security. Also, a large-caliber gun was poorly suited to combat enemy manpower and lightly armored targets at distances of 500 meters or more.

Perfection

In 1985, the BMD-2 appeared, equipped with a rapid-fire 30-mm 2A42 cannon and capable of fighting air targets with the help of air defense systems.

However, in 2013, the vast majority of such equipment was in poor condition, as stated by the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Federation Valery Gerasimov. He stressed that, in addition to the wear and tear of the mechanisms, the machines are morally obsolete and do not meet the requirements of the modern army.

From 1990 to 1997, the production of the BMD-3 was carried out, featuring a new hull, running gear, and so on. In total, about 10 units of such equipment are in service with the domestic army.

Finally, it is worth mentioning the BMD-4, the newest member of this family. Not a very popular car due to the extremely high price and the shortcomings inherited from its predecessors in the form of poor protection.

What's next

Today, not everyone sees the meaning in cars of this class. Yes, they have advantages in the form of the ability to transport 2-3 vehicles in 1 aircraft, good mobility and sufficient firepower, but are they enough to cover the main drawback in the form of poor crew and landing protection?

Let's leave this question to the military leaders, however, it is worth noting that such a technique is not used all over the world. Of course, there are small-sized airborne vehicles like the Wiesel, but they are not designed to transport troops and serve a different role on the battlefield.

To the question, WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BMP AND BMD, OR DO THEY HAVE 1 SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS? given by the author Rex-Leo & *Starry* Sails the best answer is Below I have quoted excerpts from Wikipedia. After reviewing them, I came to the conclusion: the BMD is suitable for landing and for independent combat (after all, there is a missile weapon system)
Airborne combat vehicle (BMD, airborne combat vehicle) is a combat tracked amphibious vehicle airborne by parachute, parachute-jet or landing method. BMD is designed to transport personnel of the airborne troops, increase their mobility, armament and security on the battlefield.
BMD-1 - landing from An-12, An-22 aircraft, and BMD-2 - from An-22 and Il-76 aircraft.
BMD armed with:
a 73 mm cannon (BMD-1) or an automatic 30 mm cannon (BMD-2, BMD-3) and a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun in a circular turret;
one (BMD-2) or two (BMD-1) machine gun mounts in front of the hull;
a complex of anti-tank missile weapons (except for the commander's version of the BMD-2K).
A special hydraulic suspension system allows you to quickly change the ground clearance without leaving the car.
BMDs have been used in the airborne troops of the USSR since 1969 (BMD-1), are now in service with Russia and a number of former Soviet republics.
Infantry fighting vehicle, BMP - armored tracked combat vehicle designed to transport personnel to the front line, increase its mobility, armament and security on the battlefield in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons and joint actions with tanks in battle.
It first appeared in the USSR in the early 1960s. (BMP-1).
Unlike armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles are always tracked (armored personnel carriers can be both tracked and wheeled). In other respects, the BMP differs from the BTR in better protection and higher firepower, although recently tracked armored personnel carriers based on tanks with anti-ballistic armor have been developed, so that the differences between tracked armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles in their combat properties have practically disappeared. It is possible to distinguish such an armored personnel carrier from an infantry fighting vehicle by the main armament, which, as a rule, is a machine gun for an armored personnel carrier, and a cannon from 20 mm and higher for an infantry fighting vehicle, however, this difference is not fundamental, and many variants of modern armored personnel carriers with new combat modules confirm this. Also, the fundamental difference between the BMP and the armored personnel carrier can be considered adaptability to the conduct of hostilities in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons.
The main characteristics of the BMP-3 (1987):
weight 18.7 t,
crew (landing) 3 (7) people. ,
engine power 500 l. with. ,
weapons:
100 mm gun-launcher 2A70,
30 mm automatic gun 2A72,
ATGM 9M117,
three 7.62 mm PKT machine guns.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BMP AND BMD, OR DO THEY HAVE THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS?

Answer from Alik[guru]
BMP - infantry fighting vehicle

BMD - airborne combat vehicle
The BMD is designed with the possibility of landing from an aircraft, which imposes restrictions on the weight of the vehicle - hence the lower armor protection and caliber of weapons. That is, these are combat vehicles of a completely different purpose.