Reading the Koran in Ramadan. Ramadan is the month of sending down the holy Quran. Ramadan is the month of spiritual cleansing

All praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds!

When the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) turned 40 years old, his prophetic mission began. This mission lasted until his death. For 23 years, the Great Quran was sent down to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). The reasons for which the Qur'an was sent down are indicated by Allah himself in the Qur'an: "We have sent down the Scripture to you to clarify every thing, as a guide to the straight path, mercy and good news for Muslims." (Sura an-Nahl-89)

Allah Almighty also said: “We sent down to you the Scripture with the truth in confirmation of the former Scriptures, and so that it testifies to them. Judge them according to what Allah has revealed." (Sura al-Maida - 48), “We have sent down the Scripture to you, so that you lead people, with the permission of their Lord, from darkness to light - onto the path of the Mighty, Praiseworthy Allah, to Whom belongs everything that is in heaven and on earth. Woe from severe suffering to unbelievers. (Sura Ibrahim - 1-2)

The beginning of the prophethood of Muhammad (s.a.s.)

Before the revelation of the Qur'an, the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) often retired to a cave, which was located near Mecca and was called Hira. In it, he reflected on the Majesty of Allah. In the year 610 AD, in the month of Ramadan on the night from Sunday to Monday, "In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was sent down - the right guidance for the people, clear evidence of the right guidance and discernment." (Sura al-Baqarah, verse 175)
one of the Angels, Jabrail, came to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), by order of Allah, and said to Him: “ Read". With these words, the revelation of the Qur'an began. That night, the Angel Jabrail transmitted the first five verses from Surah The Clot. Here they are: " Read in the name of your Lord, who created all things, created man from a clot of blood. Read, because your Lord is the most magnanimous. He taught with a writing stick - taught a man what he did not know.(Sura Clot 1-5).

How the revelations began is very well told by the wife of the prophet Aisha (radiyallahu "anha ): “The sending down of revelations to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) began with a good vision in a dream, and no other visions, except for those that came like the dawn of the morning, have never seen. Then a love of solitude was instilled in him, and he often began to retire in a cave on Mount Hira. (a mountain near Mecca, now called Jabal an-nur), where he engaged in pious deeds, which was expressed in worship (to Allah) for many nights, until he had a desire to return to his family. He usually took with him all the supplies necessary for this, and then returned to Khadija (Khadija bint Khuwaylid (the first wife of the Prophet) and took everything he needed for a new solitude of the same kind. (This continued until) until the truth was revealed to him when he was in the cave (on the mountain) of Hira. An angel appeared to him and ordered: “Read!” - to which he replied: “I can’t read!”
(The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
“Then he took me and squeezed me so that I strained to the limit, and then he released me and again ordered: “Read!” I said, "I can't read!" He squeezed me for the second time so that I (again) strained to the limit, and then released and ordered: “Read!” - and I (again) said: "I can't read!" Then he squeezed me a third time, and then let go and said: “Read in the name of your Lord, who created, created man from a clot! Read, and your Lord is most generous ... (Sura Clot 1-3) "
‘Aisha (radiallahu "anha) said:
“And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, whose heart trembled (from fear), returned with this, entered Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, may Allah be pleased with her, and said: “Cover me, cover me!” He was hidden (and he remained in a similar position) until his fear passed, after which he informed her of everything (and said): “I was afraid for myself!” Khadijah said, “No, no! I swear by Allah, Allah will never shame you, because you keep in touch with relatives, help to bear the burden (weak) and clothe the poor, show hospitality to people and help (them) endure the hardships of fate! And after that, Khadija left the house with him and brought him to her cousin Waraqa bin Nawfal bin Asad bin 'Abd al-'Uzza, who in the era of Jahiliyyah (the times of pre-Islamic paganism in Arabia) converted to Christianity, used the writing of the Jews for his records , wrote out from the Gospel what was pleasing to Allah, and (by that time) was already a deep blind old man. Khadija said to him: “O son of my uncle, listen to your nephew!” Varaka asked him, “O nephew, what do you see?” - and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) informed him of what he had seen. Waraqa said: “This is the same angel that Allah sent to Musa! Oh, that I was young (in these days) and could live to the time when your people will drive you out!” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, asked: “Will they expel me?” Varaka replied, “Yes, for whenever a person appears with anything like what you brought with you, he is always at enmity, but if I live to see that day, I will help you as much as I can!” However, Varaka soon died, and the revelations temporarily ceased. . (Al-Bukhari)

Then the revelations resumed Jabir bin ‘Abdullah al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: “ The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “(Once) I was walking (on the road) and suddenly I heard a voice from the sky. I raised my head and saw an angel Hira appearing to me (in a cave on the mountain), who (this time) was sitting on a throne between heaven and earth. I was afraid of him, returned (home) and said: “Cover me, cover me!” - after which Allah Almighty sent down (verses that said): “O wrapped up! Arise and exhort, and magnify your Lord, and cleanse your clothes, and avoid filth ... " (Sura Wrapped 1-5) » (Bukhari). and ended 9 days before the death of the prophet. The last verse was from Surah al-Baqarah (The Cow): « Fear the day when you will be returned to Allah. Then each person will receive in full what he has acquired, and they will not be treated unfairly. . (Sura al-Baqarah -281)

The verses of the Qur'an were sent down without a main reason, and they were also sent in connection with some event or some issue. These events and questions are called " reason for sending down" ( « sababu nuzul"). For example: Ibn Abbas said: “When the verse “Warn your closest relatives!” was sent down! (Sura ash-Shuara-214), the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) climbed the mountain as-Safa and began to loudly call the tribes of Quraysh: “O Banu Fihr! O Banu Adi! They gathered together, and those who could not come sent someone instead to find out what was the matter. Abu Lahab was there and all the rest of the Quraysh. Finally, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) turned to them: “Tell me, if I tell you that there is a cavalry in the valley that is ready to attack you, will you believe me?” They replied, "Yes, because before you always spoke only the truth." He said, "Now, I have been sent to you to warn you against severe torment." Then Abu Lahab said: “Go to hell for the rest of your life! Have you gathered all of us for this?” . After that, the verses were sent: “May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, and he himself perish. His wealth did not save him and what he acquired (position in society and children). He will fall into the fiery Fire. His wife will carry firewood, and around her neck will be a braided rope of palm fibers. (Sura al-Masad). (The hadith was narrated by Ahmad, al-Bukhari, Muslim, at-Tirmizi, ibn Jarir and others). When wine was forbidden, people asked: « And what about those who were killed in the way of Allah or died, but drank wine, this abomination? And then the verse was sent down. “On those who believe and do righteous deeds, there is no sin for what they ate, if they were God-fearing, believed and performed righteous deeds” . (Sura al-Maida - 93) (As-Suyuti, "Perfection in the Qur'anic sciences. The teaching on sending down the Qur'an", p. 115.) Also, as an example, one can cite the verses sent down after people accused Aisha (radiallahu "anha ) in adultery. Allah Almighty sent down verses to protect Aisha (please Allah anha ) and cleanse it of what the liars tried to pollute it with. " Those who slandered the mother of the faithful, Aisha, are a group of yourselves. Don't think it's bad for you. On the contrary, it is good for you. Each husband of them will receive the sin he has earned. And for the one who took on most of this, great torment is prepared ... " (Sura an-Nur - 11-18)

Two periods of revelation of the Qur'an.

The time of prophecy is divided into 2 stages - Meccan and Medina. The Meccan period lasted 13 years (during this period the sending of the Koran began), then 10 years until the death of the Prophet - Medina. Kuliyev's book "On the Way to the Koran" provides a chronological list of suras: Meccan suras (86 suras were sent down in 610-622) - 96, 74, 111, 106, 108, 104, 107, 102, 105, 92, 90, 94 , 93, 97, 86, 91, 80, 68, 87, 95, 103, 85, 73, 101, 99, 82, 81, 53, 84, 100, 79, 77, 78, 88, 89, 75, 83 , 69, 51, 52, 56, 70, 55, 112, 109, 113, 114, 1, 54, 37, 71, 76, 44, 50, 20, 26, 15, 19, 38, 36, 43, 72 , 67, 23, 21, 25, 17, 27, 18, 32, 41, 45, 16, 30, 11, 14, 12, 40, 28, 39, 29, 31, 42, 10, 34, 35, 7 , 46, 6, 13.

Suras of Medina (total 28 suras were sent down in 622-632) - 2, 98, 64, 62, 8, 47, 3, 61, 57, 4, 65, 59, 33, 63, 24, 58, 22, 48, 66 , 60, 110, 49, 9, 5.

In the Meccan period, suras were sent down, in which aspects of faith and morality were touched upon. Most of the suras of the Koran of the Meccan period are devoted to stories from the life of the prophets, for example: sura Maryam, sura Al-Anbiya (Prophets), and also relate to faith in Allah, in the future life, in the prophecy of Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), paradise and hell, they also consider moral and ethical aspects (mercy, spirituality, truthfulness, modesty, humility, fear of God, for example: sura al-Maun), talk about death, the liberation of slaves, etc. These suras do not contain laws, but lay their foundations. Medina suras established such prescriptions as prayer (salat) and charity.

In 622, the Hijra occurred, that is, when the Prophet Muhammad, fleeing the Quraysh, who wanted to kill him, moved to Medina. The Medina period began. The suras sent down during this period contain mainly religious instructions, issues related to jihad, family law problems, inheritance, punishments for misconduct and crimes, for example: sura al-Baqara.

Quran writing

The Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was very careful about the verses sent, he gave orders to write down the verses as soon as they were sent down to him. He had about 40 scribes who wrote down the verses. Even when the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was on military campaigns and in difficult periods of life, there was a person next to him who kept records. The first such person in Makkah was Abdullah bin Saad bin Abu Sarh. And in Medina - Ubeyy bin Kaab. Among those who helped the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in writing the Koran were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman bin Af-fan, Ali bin Abu Talib, az-Zubair bin al-Awwam, Khalid bin Said bin al-As and many others . At this time, the verses were written on the leaves of date palms, stones, pieces of leather, ink was made from soot and soot. During the recording, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said in which sura to write this or that ayat. Ibn Abbas said that Usman bin Affan said: “When several surahs were sent down at once and some revelation was sent down to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), he called one of the scribes to him and said: “Put this in a sura that says about something." After that, the recorded was listened to and if there were errors, it was corrected. Also, all the suras were memorized by the companions of the Prophet, thanks to this, the Koran has come down to us in the form in which it was sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).

Allah Almighty knows best.

Ramadan is a long-awaited guest whom you do not want to see off

They are waiting for him and yearning for him Blessed month of Ramadan! How majestic and beautiful! A month that happens once a year, a month that the entire Muslim Ummah is waiting for! Millions of Muslims rejoice at the onset of the blessed Ramadan and yearn when it passes. And the Muslims are waiting for him again and again ...

Finally waiting! Has Allah Almighty given us, by His mercy, another opportunity to fast, to do charitable deeds?

The worship this month is filled with something special, it is more humble, more respectful to the Creator of the worlds, more penetrating and sensual, deeper, with an understanding of why all this is being done.

Fasting was observed by all the prophets, and, and, and, and, and, and. It was also prescribed for ours (peace and blessings be upon him).

Ramadan is the month of the Holy Quran

In the blessed month of Ramadan, the first revelations began to be sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

« The month of Ramadan is the month in which the Qur'an was revealed as a guide for people, an explanation of the straight path and discrimination to distinguish the true from the false. " (meaning) (surah "al-Baqarah", ayat 185).

Muslims love and honor the Quran, it is present, perhaps, in every home and is stored in the most honorable and clean place, above all other items. Respect for the Holy Book is respect for the word of God, it is respect for the Almighty Allah himself.

The history of Islam testifies that when fasting in the month of Ramadan became obligatory, every day in this month an angel came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and they read the entire Quran. Twice the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) read the Holy Book in the month of Ramadan in the last year of his life.

It is interesting that today, after so many years, Muslims honor this tradition and follow our Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) with special zeal, trying to dedicate Ramadan to reading the Koran. Whoever does not know how to read the Qur'an in Arabic and, as it should be, observing the rules of tajwid, it is better for him to listen to it, even if not in a live performance, but also through various technical devices.

The Qur'an is the speech of Allah Almighty and should be treated with due respect. You cannot read it without knowing the rules of tajwid and making mistakes.

Another month of Ramadan differs from other months in that tarawih prayers are performed in it, from eight to twenty rak'ahs after a night prayer. In many mosques around the world, imams read the entire Quran during these prayers.

Muslims today have such an opportunity: to spend the entire Ramadan in the shrine - the al-Haram mosque in Mecca, perform tarawihi near the Kaaba and enjoy the beautiful voice of the imam, who in a singsong voice reads ayah after ayah and so completely the entire Book. This is a great happiness for a Muslim, when the whole blessed month can be spent on the holy land, on which, even without that, all good deeds increase many times over.

Ramadan is the month of mercy

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was the most generous among people, and his generosity increased even more in the month of Ramadan, when Gabriel (peace be upon him) visited him. As usual, the angel Jabrail (peace be upon him) met with him every night of Ramadan until the end of this month. At this time, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) read the Holy Quran, but when Jabrail (peace be upon him) visited him, he became more generous than the free wind, which brings rain and prosperity "(Imam al-Bukhari).

Any good deed performed during the days of the blessed month of Ramadan is exalted by Allah Almighty many times over, according to some legends up to seven hundred times or more. Muslims try to do as much good as possible, and the least of this is sadaqah (charity). Sadaka can be distributed to anyone, and the most valuable - to your family. To treat a neighbor, an orphan, a poor person with something is all good. This month, huge tents unfold, Muslims prepare food, invite anyone, and everyone can take part in this, feel like a part of the multimillion-dollar Ummah of Muslims, feel that Muslims are brothers to each other, feel like a part of one big family in which everyone is welcome. , in which anyone who recognizes the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) is accepted.

The houses of Muslims are full of guests this month, especially closer to breaking the fast, everyone tries to have time to record one more good deed on their personal account. The days of Muslims are literally scheduled: today I go to visit, tomorrow I myself receive. Amazing solidarity is observed in Ramadan.

Wealthy Muslims try to give alms this month, because what could be better than to please other Muslims, and even receive a reward from the Almighty?!

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Whoever draws near to Allah by doing good deeds in this month will gain the same reward as paying tribute at any other time; whoever performs obligatory deeds in this month will receive a reward equal to the reward for performing seventy duties at any other time of the year. This is the month of patience, the reward for which is Paradise. This is the month of charity, when help to the believer increases even more. Whoever feeds a fasting person when he breaks his fast in the evening, his sins will be forgiven, salvation from hellfire will be granted to him, and he will have a reward equal to that which is due to a fasting person, and nothing will reduce it"(hafiz Ibn Khuzayma).

Another type of worship, mercy, alms, paid at the end of the month of Ramadan. The collected funds or products are distributed among the most needy Muslims. This small help is of great social importance, especially on the eve of the holiday, so that there is no difference between Muslims and everyone can meet it with a festive mood.

The month of Ramadan strengthens fraternal bonds, the unity of the ummah.

Ramadan is the month of spiritual cleansing

Who knows how many sins we have, how many we collect and denigrate our hearts in a day? Nobody but Allah knows. The remedy for this is repentance, regret, the desire to never return to what you have done. Ramadan can help with this. He opens the gates of his mercy and forgiveness.

This is the month of spiritual cleansing. Just as the rain cleanses the earth of dust, and Ramadan washes away our sins. Don't doubt it this was promised by Allah Almighty, for He is Forgiving, Most Merciful.

With repentance, the feeling of God-fearing increases, and this is the main quality of a Muslim. You have to fight for it, and Ramadan can help a lot in this.

We don't have to make any special efforts, just open your soul and divine grace will flow to you. Our business is small - just to obey the commands of the Creator, then He will show His mercy to us.

In the month of Ramadan, it is desirable to repent more of your sins, misconduct, disobedience, it is also desirable to make more dua for yourself and for all Muslims. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: In the month of Ramadan, the prayer of every Muslim is accepted. (Imam Ahmad).

The holy month of Ramadan is not only a month of refraining from food during the daytime, but above all, a month of abstaining from all forbidden deeds. The believer at this time must be especially vigilant in controlling his eyes, ears, and tongue.

The month of Ramadan is not so much a month of abstinence from food as a month of purification of the heart.

The Messenger of Allah (dbar) said: “Verily, the gates of heaven open on the first of the nights of Ramadan, and do not close until the last of the nights of the month” (“Al-bihar”, 96/34/8).

He (DBAR) said: “If the servant of God knew what blessings are sent down in Ramadan, he would wish Ramadan to last a whole year” (“Al-bihar”, 96/346/12).

The obligatory conditions of fasting in the month of Ramadan include:

1. Intention - a person should tell himself that he will fast for the sake of Allah during this month;

2. Refraining from food and water intake during daylight hours (from morning azan to evening);

3. After the end of the fast, zakat-fitr should be paid.

There are many prescriptions for the desired amal(acts) this month, of which we will highlight the main:

Translation

O High, O Great,
O Forgiving, O Merciful,
You are the Great Lord
There is no one like Him
And He is Hearing, Seeing.
You created this month and exalted
And exalted above all the months.
This is the month in which You made fasting obligatory for me.
This is the month of Ramadan
In which the Qur'an was sent down -
Guidance for the people and clarification of the true path and discernment, -
And set in him the Night of Power (Laylat ul-Qadr),
And made it better than a thousand months.
O He Who bestows and needs no endowment!
Grant me Your protection from the Fire,
Among those whom you endowed
And take me to Paradise
O Merciful of the Merciful!

3. Praise Allah a lot, read dhikr, give salawats to the Prophet (DBAR) and remember his most pure Ahl al-Bayt (A). It is reported that in the month of Ramadan, Imam Sajjad (A) did not utter other speeches, except for prayers, praise of Allah and repentance.

4. Give a lot of sadaqah.

It is reported that whoever reads this dua with a pure intention at the beginning of the month of Ramadan - Allah will put 70 thousand angels praising Allah on him. The one who reads it three times during the holy month - Allah will make Hell forbidden for him and prescribe Paradise for him. To such a person, Allah will assign two angels who will protect him from any evil of this world, and will take him under His protection until the end of his days.

We remind you that listening to the reading of the dua is similar in terms of reward to reading it yourself!

7. Spend in wakefulness and prayer Laylat ul-Qadr(Night of Power), i.e. at least three nights - 19, 21 and 23 of Ramadan. We will write about Laylat ul-Qadr and the program according to which this special night is held later.

8. During all the nights of Ramadan, make 1000 rak'ahs of additional prayers. As Imam Javad (A) said, they are read in prayers of 2 rak'ahs each (i.e., a total of 500 prayers are obtained) as follows: every night of the first 20 nights of Ramadan, perform 10 prayers (200 prayers are obtained): 4 prayers after evening prayers and 6 prayers after the night prayer. On the remaining 10 nights of the month, perform 15 prayers every night: 4 prayers after the evening prayer and 11 prayers after the night prayer. Finally, perform the remaining 150 prayers on the night of Laylat ul-Qadr (19, 21 and 23 Ramadan) - 50 prayers each night.

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183. O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who were before you - perhaps you will be God-fearing.

This sacred verse of Allah Almighty also begins with a favorite call for the faithful: "O you who believe!" A call made before proposing an important and difficult task with a mention of your favorite quality, for which you are ready to take on any difficulties, awakens in the listener the spirit of diligent zeal for the upcoming work. Also, the Almighty Allah, before prescribing fasting fardom to Muslims, appeals to them:

"O you who believe!"

Based on the meaning of the verse, we can understand that fasting is not a newly appeared ibadat, but has existed in all religions since ancient times. Because as it says:

« Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who were before you.».

According to learned theologians who have studied the history of religions, in all creeds, even non-divine ones, there was a rite of fasting. But his performance was different. In some religions, fasting only means abstaining from certain foods. So, for Christians, fasting is called abstinence from the use of animal products. The duration of their fast is forty days. In different currents of Christianity, fasting is different.

In Islam, fasting is an ibadat, which has a true divine meaning. Fasting in Arabic is called saum and lexically means "refraining from something". And in Sharia, this word means "with the intention of abstaining from food, drink and voluptuous deeds in the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk." At the end of the sacred verse, Allah Almighty says: maybe you will be godly”, thereby also explaining the main goal pursued by fasting. Therefore, fasting is also one of the paths of God-fearing. The spirit of God-fearing must awaken in the heart of a fasting person. Whoever fasts, but the feeling of God-fearing does not awaken in his heart, it means that he did not fast for real. Fasting serves to suppress vicious passions, correct them, curb lust and subdue the demands of the stomach. Fasting helps to get rid of the scourge of the passions of the nafs and sincerely separate from everything bad in order to dedicate oneself only to the worship of Allah. Whoever fasts with iyman and faith, Almighty Allah will reward that slave with happiness, called piety, which leads him to prosperity in both worlds.

With this sacred verse came the news of the prescription of fasting fard. Since previous ummies could fast for a year or half a year, the one who hears this news has a question: “What is the period of fasting?”. The following verse answers this question:

184. counted days. Who among you was sick or on the way, then - the countdown of other days. And on those who find it difficult [follow]his - fidya (ransom)- feeding miskin(beggar). Whoever voluntarily takes up the good, it is better for him. And the fact that you fast is better for you if you know.

That is, fasting is prescribed by fard for “counted days”. Fasting has its difficulties. Therefore, Allah Almighty gives relief to His servants, who are in some difficulty due to illness or wandering, so as not to aggravate the difficult situation.

« Which of you was sick or on the way, then - the countdown of other days».

That is, the sick person after recovery, and the traveler after returning from the path, will begin to fast for as many days as they did not observe it. Our ulema also ranked among the sick pregnant and breastfeeding women. A pregnant woman after childbirth keeps the fast of reparation for as many days as she did not keep in the month of Ramadan. Also, a breastfeeding woman makes up for missed days of fasting after weaning a child from her breast.

« And on those who find it difficult [follow] him - fidya (ransom)- feeding miskin (beggar)» .

That is, people of advanced age who are no longer able to fast, for each non-observed day of fasting, they feed one poor person (miskin). And this is taken from the calculation of average quality food in the country where they live. This is called giving fidya.

Ulem We have included in this category also people with chronic, incurable mi diseases. Their illness does not allow fasting. And they also cannot compensate for it later, since there is no hope for their healing.

« Whoever voluntarily undertakes the good, it is better for him».

Whoever wants to get more sawab, feeds not one, but two or three people, and gives food not of average quality, but of the highest quality, then this is good for him.

« And fasting is better for you if you know».

Like other ibadats, fasting primarily benefits the performers of this ibadah. Entering heaven, achieving higher degrees, strengthening the will, strengthening the qualities of mercy and compassion, awakening a sense of fear of God, the health and strength of the body, as well as many other benefits that we know and do not know about, are achieved through fasting.

In the next verse, the time of the aforementioned "counted days" and describes the dignity of this period, as well as other provisions regarding fasting.

185. The month of Ramadan, in which the Qur'an was sent down as an instruction for people and an explanation of the righteous path and discernment. Whoever found this month among you, let him fast in it, and whoever was sick or was on the way, then the countdown from other days. May Allaah wish you ease and does not wish you hardship, and that you complete the countdown and that you exalt Allah for having guided you on the righteous path - and perhaps [you]you will be grateful!

In the previous verse, it was said that fasting was prescribed fard for "counted days", in the same verse it is explained that these "counted days" are the "month of Ramadan". At the same time, the dignity of the month of Ramadan is also mentioned.

« The month of Ramadan, in which the Qur'an was sent down as an instruction for people and an explanation of the righteous path and discernment ».

The month of Ramadan is considered the best month of the year. There are many noble hadiths, sayings of great scientists about its merits, praises, poems, and books have been written. But the crown of these descriptions is the praise of the Lord of the Worlds, which He expressed in His Word. This praise comes in different verses. In this verse, there is a description of the greatest virtues of the holy Ramadan. So this month:

«… sent down the Qur'an as a guide for the people and the clarification of the righteous path and discernment» .

The very fact that Almighty Allah chose the holy month of Ramadan sometimes to send down the holy Qur'an - His eternal miracle, instructions for the salvation of mankind until the Day of Judgment, exalts the dignity of this month. And now, increasing its light and dignity, it is in this month of Ramadan that Ibadah of fasting is also prescribed fard.

« Who among you found this month, let him fast in it » . Anyone who reaches this month of Ramadan in good health, sees a new month in the sky or hears about the beginning of the month of Ramadan, let him fast. This command is universal, but so that people do not have the idea that a new general command has been sent down and fasting is a fard for everyone, whoever it is, those for whom an exception is made from this command are mentioned again.

"BUT who was sick or was on the road, then the countdown from other days».

And then, to increase the love for the fard of fasting, Allah says:

« Allah wishes you relief and does not wish you hardship.».

Always wishing relief to slaves and not leaving them under a heavy burden is the main and great rule of the religion of Islam. Islamic Sharia is built on relief. The Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alaihi wasallam, sending the companions of Muaz ibn Jabal and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari radiyallahu anhuma to Yemen, said: "Speak evangelizing words and do not speak arousing hatred, make it easier, do not burden."

And in this ibadat - fasting, Allah Almighty reminds that he adheres to the path of relief. If Allah says that everyone is obliged to fast, then He has the right to do so, no one can object. However, He is Merciful, He said that the sick and travelers may not fast at the prescribed time, they may fast later. Also, He could appoint a period not of one month, but make it fard for two, three, or even more months. The prescription of fard for just one month is also a relief. The unquestioning fulfillment of the ibadah established by Almighty Allah is the duty of every His servant. No one has the right to ask questions like “Why? Is there any benefit to this? If so, how does it manifest itself? However, despite this, sometimes some information is mentioned to strengthen the yiman, to confirm the miraculousness of divine prescriptions. Even medical scientists of other faiths, who do not know about such truths as the Qur'an, Islam and fasting, or they know, but stubbornly do not recognize, during their long scientific research and experiments indirectly confirm how useful the actions prescribed by our society are for human life. religion. In particular, they came to the conclusion that in order for every person to be healthy and strong, he should voluntarily fast for at least one month a year.

And so that those who, for a good reason, could not fast, do not lose their reward and sawab, Allah Almighty implemented compliance with sh ayu sh his ( kada) post. Fasting is an ibadat worthy of the exaltation of Allah, the expression of gratitude to Him.

« And so that you complete the countdown and that you glorify Allah for having guided you on the righteous path - and perhaps[you]you will be grateful!»

Yes, it is necessary to tirelessly exalt and always thank Almighty Allah, who made the fard of ibadat in Islam and thereby created the conditions for fulfilling the duty of a slave, cleansing from sins, receiving rewards and savabs. Each fard-ibadat should strengthen the slave's feeling, which he cherishes, by instructing Allah on the right path.

The next verse will deal with prayer. Then again the conversation will continue about fasting. The ulema took this as an indication that in the month of fasting, especially at the end of it, one should indulge in a lot of prayers.

186. And when My servants ask you about Me, then, truly, I am close, I will listen to the prayers of the one who prays when he prays to Me. Let [and they] will answer (listening) Me, and let them believe in Me, perhaps they will follow the righteous path.

According to Ibn Abi Hatim, when a Bedouin came and said: “O Messenger of Allah, is our Lord close so that we pray [to Him], or is He far away and we need to cry loudly ?!” Then Allah Almighty sent down the verse: « And when My servants ask you about Me...»

In this verse, Allah Almighty says that He is close to His servants. The noble hadith, transmitted by the imams of the science of hadith from Abu Musa al-Ash'ari radiyallahu anhu, contains the same meaning. He said, "We were gazet(campaign) along with the Messenger of Allah alayhissalat vassalam. And when we went up the hill, and when we went down to the lowland, we said in a loud voice takbir. He approached us and said:

O people, have mercy on yourself. After all, you do not cry out to the deaf or to the hidden, but turn with prayer to the One Who Hears and Sees. The one to whom you pray is closer to you than even the neck of your mount.

In fact, the verse says that the servants of Allah come to the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alaikhi wasallam, and ask about Allah Almighty.

« And when My servants ask you about Me, then, verily, I am near».

The answer comes from Allah directly to His slaves. That is, it does not say, as usual, "tell them ...", and here the Prophet is not made an intermediary. This subtle point also indicates that Allah is close to His servants. The following phrase has exactly the same meaning:

« I will heed the prayers of the one who prays when he prays to Me».

It doesn't say "I will hear his prayer" or "I will heed" but it says "I will listen to prayers". It also arouses the interest of the slaves to turn to Allah with prayer more often. Since such closeness, readiness for an immediate response comes from Almighty Allah, then the slave should also have a corresponding reciprocal desire. He is also obliged to respond to the call of Allah, saying “here I am in front of You”, to believe in Him and obey Him.

« Let [and they] will answer [hearing] me and let them believe in me ».

If the servants, listening to Him, believe in Him, then who benefits from this? In some cases, people may not understand this correctly. Almighty Allah in this verse states that answering the call of Allah, believing in Him, will benefit only the slave himself.

« Perhaps they will follow the righteous path».

Asking for the satisfaction of all needs only from Almighty Allah, always turning to Him with a prayer, this is what should become the constant work of a faithful slave. Prayer is considered the core of worship. From the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu alayhi wasallam, many hadiths were transmitted about prayer.

In a hadith narrated by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal from Abu Sa ii yes radiyallahu anhu, he said:

“If a Muslim prays without committing a sin and without causing harm to his relatives, Allah will grant him one of three properties: Soon he will give what he asked for. Or save for akhirah. Or he will turn away evil from him in proportion to what he asked for.

According to Imam Ahmad from Abdullah ibn Amr radiyallahu ankh, the Prophet said:

“Hearts are like vessels. Some can accommodate more than others. If you ask Allah for anything, ask with firm faith in what will be accepted (understood). Allah will not accept the prayer of that slave who sends a prayer with an indifferent heart.

In a hadith narrated by Imam Bukhari from Abu Hurairah radiyallahu anhu, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wasallam said:

“If the slave does not hurry, his prayer will be accepted. Let him not say that he offered a prayer and it was not accepted.

In order for the prayer to be accepted, there are conditions, decency, a special time. In particular, the prayer of a fasting person is accepted.

In a hadith narrated by Imam Abu Dawood from Abdullah ibn Umar radiyallahu anhu, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

“For a fasting person, there is a prayer that is accepted during his iftar(conversations)."

And again we return to the verse explaining the provisions on fasting:

187. Allowed (made halal) you on the night of fasting approach to your wives: they are a garment for you, and you are a garment for them. Allah knew that indeed you were cheating on yourselves, and He forgave you and had mercy on you. So, now touch them and look for what Allah has ordained for you. And eat and drink until the white thread differs for you from the black thread at dawn, then complete the fast until night. And don't touch them when you're staying in itikafe in mosques. These are the boundaries of Allah, do not approach them! This is how Allah explains His signs to people - perhaps they will be God-fearing!

In the period when fasting had just become fard, a fasting person, if after iftar he fell asleep and then woke up, it was no longer possible to eat, drink and get close to his wife. One of Ansar, a man named Qays ibn Sirma kept a fast during the day and worked in a date garden, and then, tired, he came to his wife at the time of iftar and asked:

Do you have food?

The wife said:

No, now I'll go and look for something, - and left.

From fatigue after a day's work, Qays fell asleep. His wife came and, seeing her sleeping husband, said: “You are not lucky,” but did not wake him up. The next day, by noon, Qays radiyallahu anhu lost consciousness and fell down. This became known to the Prophet alaihissalam. Then Allah Almighty sent down a verse beginning with the words:

« Allowed (made halal) you on the night of fasting approach to your wives ... » Thus, it was declared halal to eat and have intimacy with a wife on the fasting night of Ramadan, that is, in the period after sunset until dawn. Along with this, in order to clarify that in Islam the relationship between a man and his wife is not only a matter of gender, but much more than that, Allah said:

« They are clothes for you and you are clothes for them.» . Typically, clothing is used to cover, protect, and decorate. Also in Islam, spouses cover each other's shortcomings, protect each other from filth and adorn each other.

And then He announces that He even knows what is happening in the hearts of His servants.

« KnewAllah, that verily you betrayed yourselves, and forgave you and had mercy on you».

The infidelity mentioned in this verse consists of the desire to have intercourse with a woman flashed through the heart. As it is narrated in separate hadiths, some even allowed this case. Be that as it may, Allah accepted their repentance and forgave their sins. Along with this, He opened the way for such desires in their hearts, gave permission:

« So, now touch them and look for what Allah has ordained for you.» .

That is, permission has now been given: "Make intimacy with your wives and seek what Allah has prescribed for you - children." Along with being allowed to approach women on the night of Ramadan, they were also given permission to eat and drink.

« And eat and drink until the white thread differs from the black thread for you at dawn, then complete the fast until night» .

According to Imam Bukhari from Adiya ibn Hatim, he [Adi] said:

When the verse was sent down: «… eat and drink until the white thread differs from the black thread for you ...» , I took one white and one black thread, put them under my pillow and began to look at them, and when the white began to differ from the black, I stopped eating. When dawn broke and the day came, I went to the Messenger of Allah and told him what I had done. He said:

Indeed, your pillow, it turns out, is wide, that expression was about the whiteness of the day and the blackness of the night.

This time is called fajrus sadik(lit. "truthful, authentic dawn") and means the onset of the beginning of dawn, that is, it begins with the appearance of a bright strip on the night horizon.

The following phrase mentions a position in which intimacy with the wife is excluded:

« And don't touch them when you're staying in itikafe in mosques» .

Word itikaf means "to give oneself entirely to something." In Sharia, it means "to indulge in ibadah in the mosque, without leaving its limits, with the intention of becoming closer to Allah." The Prophet alaikhissalatu vassalam sat in itikaf during the last ten days of the holy Ramadan. A person sitting in itikaf dedicates himself only to worship, if possible without leaving the mosque. For this, the slave is separated, alienated from everything for Allah. Therefore, he restrains himself from making intimacy with his women.

« These are the boundaries of Allah, do not approach them!»

Everything that is mentioned here is related to Allah Almighty, these are His boundaries. Allah orders not to approach them, because the greater the approach to the border, the greater the likelihood of its violation.

« This is how Allah explains His signs to people - perhaps they will be God-fearing!»

Let us note that in the first verse from the group of verses about fasting, the emphasis was also placed on piety. Now, in the last verse from this group, emphasis is also placed on taqwa - fear of God. Yes, among the innumerable benefits of fasting, the first place is occupied by its ability to strengthen the feeling of God-fearing in the fasting person.

"Tafsir Hilal" (semantic translation and interpretation of the verses of the Holy Qur'an), volume 1;
Sheikh Muhammad Sadiq Muhammad Yusuf

So that blessed month has come, which all Muslims have been waiting for with trepidation and special love. Ramadan is not just a month of fasting, good deeds and repeated remembrance of Allah, Ramadan is the month of the Quran.

The Qur'an is the luminary that illuminates the hearts of Muslims and will illuminate until the Day of Judgment. Ramadan is inextricably linked with the Quran, because it was in this month that this great Book was revealed. The Almighty said:

"The month of Ramadan in which the Qur'an was sent down" (2:185).

Fasting is one of the best means to pacify a person’s temper, calm his soul and body. During fasting, a person gets rid of worldly attachments, which prevents him from seeing the light of the Almighty, which pervades the Koran. Accordingly, the connection between fasting and the Book of Allah is also very strong. Since the Qur'an was sent down in Ramadan, then fasting should be prescribed in this month, because the fasting person can best perceive the correct guidance of Allah sent down by Him in the Qur'an.

Allah Almighty said (meaning): “The month of Ramadan is the month in which the Quran was sent down with clear signs as a guide for all people and as a clarification of the straight path separating truth from falsehood” (Quran, 2:185). In this verse, the Almighty praises the month of fasting and exalts it above the rest of the months, for He chose it for the Holy Quran.

The verses make us understand that one of the greatest purposes of fasting is to purify the mind in order to understand the Qur'an. After mentioning the obligation to fast: "You are prescribed fasting" (2:183) It says about the sending down of the Book of Allah in Ramadan: "In the month of Ramadan the Qur'an was sent down" (2:185) . That is, the Quran is the reason for fasting this month. Both Ramadan and fasting are all for the sake of the Qur'an, and therefore it is not surprising that Ramadan is called the month of the Qur'an.

When reading the Qur'an, both in Ramadan and at other times, we must remember that our goal is to meditate on the Words of the Almighty and delve into their meaning. Therefore, Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said that the first of the ten deeds that help win the love of the Almighty is “reading the Qur'an, accompanied by reflection and an attempt to understand the meaning and meaning of each particular verse contained in it, just as a person reflects on the book, which he memorizes and analyzes, trying to fully understand what the author had in mind.

Our righteous predecessors understood this well. They knew that the main purpose of Ramadan is to pay attention to the Quran, to protect and observe its commandments, and fasting is needed in order to clear the mind of a person for the perception of the Quran. Az-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about what to do in Ramadan, and he said: "Read the Qur'an and feed the people."

Truly, Ramadan with this blessed beginning is considered a great gift for a Muslim and a convenient moment to purify his soul during the day in preparation for receiving gifts from the Quran in the nighttime worship at night. And this is witnessed by the Qur'an (meaning): "Verily, the worship of Allah at night is stronger in the heart, clearer in words, more correct and concentrated in reading than worship in the daytime" (Quran, 73:6). It turns out that daytime fasting is purification, and nighttime worship - prayers and reading the Koran - is an adornment of the soul.

Narrated Ibn Abbas: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was the most generous of people. He became even more generous when he met Jabrail (peace be upon him), who came to him every night from the month of Ramadan and taught the Koran - at this time he became more generous than the free wind ”(al-Bukhari, Muslim). Ibn Rajab said that this hadith indicates the desirability of learning the Qur'an, and it is especially good to read and listen to it in the month of Ramadan. This hadeeth is also an argument that it is desirable to read the Qur'an more this month.

As can be seen from the hadith, the teaching of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took place at night, which indicates the desirability of reading the Qur'an in the month of Ramadan at night. “Verily, at night, deeds and worries stop, and a person can direct all diligence to reading and thinking about it” (Lataif al-Maarif).

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “For each letter read from the Qur'an, a good deed will be written, and for every good deed it will be rewarded tenfold. I do not say that "alif", "lam", "mim" are one letter; No, Alif is a letter, and Lam is a letter, and Mim is a single letter” (at-Tirmidhi).

And it is a great relief, and the mercy of Allah, that He allowed such weak creatures like us to have a secret conversation with Him, to explore and study His Book and meditate on the meanings contained in it.

If we are attentive to the Quran in Ramadan, we will read it and study it, our attitude towards the Holy Book will begin to improve, and we will be able to become people of the Quran.

However, in order for the reading of the Quran to bring maximum benefit to the believer, one should take into account some rules transmitted from the words of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):

1. Cleansing before reading

The Quran says: " Only those who are cleansed touch it” (Sura “al Waqia”, “Event”, ayat 79).

It is forbidden to touch the Quran without being in a state of ablution.

2. Reading volume

According to Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), it is reported : "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not read the Qur'an in less than three days!" Imam Badruddin al-Aini said : "The meaning of this hadith is that the one who reads the Qur'an misses what he is ordered from reading in accordance with the rules and reflection faster than in three days!". Abu Jamra also said: “Once I said to Ibn Abbas: “I am a person who reads the Qur'an quickly, and it may be that I read the Qur'an once or twice during the night!”. Ibn Abbas said: “Reading one sura a night is preferable to me than doing what you are doing!” That is, you should not rush to read the Qur'an, as this may prevent you from reading it correctly and understanding the meaning of its verses.

3. Chanting in a beautiful voice

It is advisable to read the Quran as beautifully as possible, in a singsong voice. Thus, it is reported from the words of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever reads the Qur'an, being skilled in it, (will be) with noble and obedient scribes, and whoever reads the Qur'an, haltingly and experiencing difficulties, (will be) double reward”(Muslim).

Also in another hadith it is said : "Whoever does not chant the Qur'an in a beautiful voice, pronouncing sounds clearly and clearly, he is not one of us."

4. Making prostrations

There are 14 verses in the Qur'an, when reading which you need to bow to the ground. For example, in Surah al-Sajdah: “... they fall on their faces, bowing to the ground out of fear of the punishment of Allah and recognizing that He is above all that does not befit Him, along with praising Him for mercies, being not rejecting the faith and not those who refuse to worship out of pride” (verse 15).

5. Accompanying the reading of the verses of the dua and the remembrance of Allah

Hudhayfa al-Yamani said: “Once I was praying with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He began to read the Surah al-Baqarah and did not read the verse with words about mercy without asking Allah for it, and did not read the verse about the punishment of God without being protected by Him from him, and did not read the verse which says that Allah is above all what is not befitting to Him without saying "Subhan Allah".

6. Reading in different ways

It is said that once the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed by three of his companions, each of whom recited the Qur'an in a different way. He approached Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, and he recited quietly and asked him about it, to which Abu Bakr said: “Verily, the One to whom I call hears me.” The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) approached Umar, may Allaah be pleased with him, and he said: “I wake up the sleeping and drive away the devil”. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) approached Bilal al-Habashi, and he recited several verses from one sura, and then undertook to read verses from another sura. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) asked him about this and he said: "I mix the best with the best." And then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to them: "Each of you did the right thing and in the best way."

If a person does not know how to read the Quran, then he can earn a reward by listening to it. As the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said : "Whoever listens to a verse from the Book of Allah, to him it will be a light on the Day of Judgment."

May the Almighty help us in Ramadan to increase our love for the Quran and accept from us every letter of His book we hear and read!

Material prepared: Elvira Malikova