What is called a reserve. What is a reserve? Significant differences between the reserve and the reserve

reserve

m. Land - forest, steppe, etc. - or a water area within which all or certain species of animals, plants, etc. are under special protection.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

reserve

a territory (water area) where, with limited use of natural resources, certain species of animals, plants, water, forest, land objects, etc. are protected. There are hunting, fishing and other reserves.

Reserve

a section of a territory or water area within which not the entire natural complex, as in a reserve, is under special protection, but only its individual elements: vegetation, all or some species of animals, etc.

In the USSR, hunting zoos, established for the purpose of preserving valuable species of animals and birds, are most widespread. they prohibit hunting for up to 10 years or more. There are fisheries (to protect spawning grounds, spawners, and juveniles of valuable fish), landscape (picturesque river valleys, lakes with surrounding terrain, etc., which have aesthetic and cultural significance and are used for recreation and tourism), forest, steppe, and swamps (established for scientific purposes, as well as for solving certain economic problems and protecting communities of rare plants), geological (unique caves, geological outcrops, locations of fossil flora and fauna), hydrological (lakes with unusual hydrological regime) and other natural lands ., as well as Z. for the protection of territories of historical and memorial significance.

Natural zoning is formed by decrees of the Councils of Ministers of the Union republics and by decisions of local Soviets; their regime is established by the governments of the Union republics, nature protection agencies, and executive committees of local Soviets. Special legal acts on Z. have been adopted by the Union republics. Economic activities that are incompatible with the main purpose of the zone are usually prohibited on the territory of the zone. Depending on the object of protection, the following may be prohibited: hunting, fishing, logging, grazing, haymaking, quarrying, and others.

Lit .: Remarkable natural landscapes of the USSR and their protection. Sat. Art., ed. L. K. Shaposhnikova. Moscow, 1967. Emelyanova V. G., Legislation on reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, natural monuments, M., 1971, p. 22≈26.

L. K. Shaposhnikov.

Wikipedia

Reserve (tributary of the Taz)

Reserve- a river in Russia, flows through the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Territory. The mouth of the river is located 1333 km along the right bank of the Taz River. The length of the river is 24 km.

Preserve (disambiguation)

Reserve- Can mean:

• The reserve is a protected natural area
• The reserve is a river in Russia, flows in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Territory

Examples of the use of the word reserve in the literature.

In the first months of the occupation of Belovezhskaya reserve The Germans started cutting wood.

True, in the south of the Polish state at that time lived in captivity, in the Pilyavino estate, four semi-tame bison, once bought in Belovezhsky reserve Prince Plese, the owner of the estate.

Then he wandered around various fur farms, and, finally, he became a huntsman in one hunting reserve- two hundred kame from St. Petersburg towards Kingisepp.

It was at that moment that a new thought occurred to me: to go to the former royal reserve, into the dark forests, wait there for a while, and when the enemy’s movement on the roads subsides, move along the rear to the front, break through it in a weak spot and go out to your own.

I was instructed to inspect the royal reserve and make recommendations to the new military directorate.

Built in the thirties by the far-seeing, though prematurely deceased, Mr. Sandicot, who had the foresight to invest in them, these twelve houses bordered a golf course on the south side of the cul-de-sac, and on the north they were adjoined by a bird's eye reserve-- a narrow strip of birch and gorse, whose real purpose was not so much to give shelter to birds as to maintain the proper value of Sandicot's property.

Judging by the way they howl there, it's more like reserve cemetery ghosts.

With a sense of accomplishment and anticipation that he would finally be able to rest and sleep, on Thursday morning, agent 628 461 went to the bird reserve to put your report in the cache.

Agent 378,550 bought a bag of popcorn and a jar of honey at the first store he came across, then took a condom from 885,794 and went to reserve test your idea.

First of all, I intended to get acquainted with the animals of this rare reserve, which I had the honor to visit before the war.

We assure you that immunity reserve we will protect with all strictness and will not allow as much as possible.

Lockhart went out of the house, through the bushes and thickets of bird reserve he made his way along the rear to the garden that surrounded the Reisim house, climbed over the fence and climbed onto the cherry tree, from which everything that was happening in the bedroom was perfectly visible.

After signing this telegram, supposedly sent by a doctor under a false name, Lockhart quietly climbed one of the telegraph poles that stood on the territory reserve, and cut off the telephone line to the Grabble house.

Reishima, Mrs. Thruster, and Mrs. Grable before him, were heard not only far beyond the bird's eye reserve, but also underground, where Lockhart hurriedly disconnected the hose from the sewer pipe and pulled it back into the Wilson house.

With bloodshot eyes and a protruding tongue, the dog rushed out of the birdhouse with a noise. reserve, rushed through the garden of the Musgrove sisters, grabbed the calf of one of the firefighters for a warm-up, and, having got a taste, entered into a deadly fight with a fire hose.

State natural reserves are territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance.

Federal Law No. 33-FZ of March 14, 1995, Art. 22

Great Definition

Incomplete definition ↓

State nature reserves

territories (water areas) that are of particular importance for the conservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining the ecological balance. Announcement of the territory of the urban settlement is allowed both with and without withdrawal from users, owners and proprietors of land plots. G.p.z. may be federal or regional. G.p.z. may have a different profile, including being: complex (landscape), designed to preserve and restore natural complexes (natural landscapes); biological (botanical and zoological), intended for the conservation and restoration of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, including species valuable in economic, scientific and cultural terms; paleontological, intended for the conservation of fossil objects; hydrological (marsh, lake, river, marine) designed to preserve and restore valuable water bodies and ecological systems; geological, designed to preserve valuable objects and complexes of inanimate nature. In the territories of g.p.z. any activity is permanently or temporarily prohibited or restricted if it contradicts the goals of their creation or causes harm to natural complexes and their components. As of December 31, 2006, there were 69 state nature reserves of federal significance in the Russian Federation (total area 12.7 million hectares, or 0.73% of the area of ​​Russia, land area - 9.9 million hectares, sea area - 2.8 million hectares ) and 2439 state natural reserves of regional importance with a total area of ​​43.8 million hectares (2.6% of the territory of Russia).

Every day, the negative impact of man is more and more affecting nature. This leads to the fact that many species of plants, animals, fish and even insects are on the verge of extinction. In order to protect them, the government is implementing special bills that regulate the environmental situation in the country. Thanks to them, national parks, sanctuaries and nature reserves are under state protection.

But if everything is more or less clear with national parks and reserves, then what are reserves? What is their purpose? How do they differ from other natural protection zones? And what is their role in preserving the environment?

What is a reserve?

The reserve is a part of the natural massif, protected from the harmful influence of man. But unlike the reserve, not all living creatures and plants are protected here, but only certain types of them. Often this is necessary in order to restore the former population of these families, or to eliminate negative factors.

Also, any human activity that can adversely affect protected species is stopped on the territory of the reserve. For example, if animals are protected, then hunting is prohibited, if fish, then fishing.

The main differences between the reserve and the reserve

So, let's fully understand how state reserves differ from nature reserves. After all, this is precisely the fine line that determines the very essence of this natural protection zone.

And you should start with the fact that, unlike the reserve, any reserve is a temporary phenomenon. That is, after the population of the protected species returns to normal, measures to protect it will be removed. True, such changes occur very slowly, which is why almost all state nature reserves exist for a rather long period.

In addition, if any human activity is prohibited on the territory of the reserve, then in our case things are a little different. So, within the limits of the reserve, only those branches of agriculture and industry that can harm protected species fall under restrictions.

Types of reserves

Today in the Russian Federation there are about 70 reserves of federal significance. Their approximate area ranges from 170 thousand km². All of them are divided into special categories, which determine their primary tasks.

So, state nature reserves can be:

• Hydrological. That is, aimed at restoring water massifs and hydrological complexes.
• Biological. In this case, only certain types of flora or fauna will be protected.
• landscape. They protect large territories that carry cultural, natural or relief value.
• Paleontological. That is, protecting individual sources of minerals or their complex deposits.

In addition, all of the above types of reserves are divided into two subgroups: permanent and temporary. In the first case, the period of validity of legislative acts protecting a given territory has no time frame. And in the second, the period allotted for the restoration of protected species is predetermined in the accompanying documentation.

zoological reserves

One of the subspecies of biological reserves is zoological. Its main task is to protect animals from the negative impact of the environment and humans. That is, it is designed to increase the population of a certain type of animal. But how is this goal achieved?

First of all, a moratorium on hunting is introduced, and at any time of the year. In addition, environmental services constantly monitor that no one violates this ban. It should be noted that they quite often have to deal with poachers, because an increase in the number of animals sooner or later attracts their attention.

In addition, various methods are also being introduced on the territory of the reserves to improve the lives of animals. For example, huntsmen build various kinds of feeders that can provide animals with food even in the most hungry winters.

Botanical reserves

A botanical, or plant, reserve is another subspecies of a biological conservation area. As the name suggests, its main task is to protect certain plant families.

At the same time, unlike the reserve, the reserve protects plants from any negative influence: be it a person or nature itself. For example, if a protected species is in danger from herbivores, then it is protected from them.

Also, a person sometimes independently regulates the rate of plant reproduction. To do this, he can use artificial fertilizers, modified seeds, or chemicals that protect crops from pests.

landscape reserve

So, a landscape nature reserve is a certain part of the territory that carries an aesthetic or geological value. By and large, such environmental complexes are open to any type of human activity. Except for those that are able to somehow change the landscape or topography of the area.

For example, agricultural and land reclamation work, as well as any type of construction, is prohibited in the landscape reserve, unless they are aimed at preserving this part of the territory.

It should also be noted that these objects do not have a fixed lifetime. They can be compared to exhibits in a museum, the main purpose of which is to educate people.

Regional landscape parks

Regional landscape parks - environmental recreational institutions of local or regional significance, created with the aim of preserving typical or unique natural complexes and objects in their natural state, as well as providing conditions for organizing recreation for the population.

Functions of regional landscape parks:

Preservation of valuable natural and historical-cultural complexes and objects;

Creation of conditions for effective tourism, recreation and other types of recreational activities in natural conditions in compliance with the regime for the protection of protected natural complexes and objects;

Assistance to ecological educational work.

According to Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine ʼʼOn the Natural Reserve Fund of Ukraineʼʼ, on the territory of landscape parks, taking into account the environmental, recreational, historical, cultural and other values ​​of natural complexes and objects, their features, zoning can be carried out taking into account the requirements established for the territories of national natural parks .

Zoning of the territory of each regional landscape park, recreational and other activities on its territory are carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the national natural park and the Project for organizing the territory of the regional landscape park.

Functional zones of the regional landscape park:

Reserved or custom includes territories intended for the conservation and restoration of the most valuable PCs, the gene pool of flora and fauna. This may include territories of other categories of the NRF: reserves, natural monuments, protected natural areas.

Regulated recreation zone, stationary recreation zone and economic zone have the same purpose as in national natural parks.

Today there are 44 regional landscape parks in Ukraine. There are only 2 in Crimea: Bokalskaya Spit and Kalinovsky.

Along with nature reserves and national parks, a network of state natural reserves is constantly developing.

Reserves- ϶ᴛᴏ natural territories (water areas), which are created for the purpose of preserving and restoring natural complexes or their individual components.

At the same time, certain types of human economic activity are permanently or temporarily prohibited within these territories in order to ensure the protection of one or more valuable objects of wildlife or scenic types of landscape.

Reserve functions:

Preservation and restoration of natural complexes, as well as the number of plants and animals;

Preservation of scenic landscape types.

In the reserves, the number of wild animals in natural conditions is increasing, the resources of valuable plants - medicinal, essential oil, ornamental - are being restored, spawning grounds and resting places for migratory birds are being protected.

It is interesting that regulated (permanent or temporary) economic use of unprotected resources is allowed in sanctuaries, provided that it does not cause damage to protected species or complexes. At the same time, in our country, the system of reserves is widely used in hunting and serves as a means of increasing the number of game animals.

To date, there are several types of reserves, the name of which indicates the main object of protection. Types of reserves: landscape, forest, botanical, general zoological, ornithological, entomological(protection of insects) , ichthyological, hydrological, general geological and karst-spelœeological(protection of caves, canyons ), paleontological(protection of places of finds of accumulations of ancient flora and fauna).

Given the dependence of the order delay, there are perpetual, long-term and short-term reserves. Thus, a long-term reserve is created for a period of more than 5 years; short-term - less than 5 years. On the territory of the reserve, activities that are contrary to the goals and objectives provided for by the regulation on the reserve are limited or prohibited. In case of extreme importance, protection zones can be created around wildlife sanctuaries.

In the CIS, there are currently about 3,000 sanctuaries covering an area of ​​about 40 million hectares. On the territory of Crimea there are state reserves: landscape - ʼʼChernaya Rechkaʼʼ, ʼʼThe Grand Canyon of Crimeaʼʼ, ʼʼAyu-Dagʼʼ, ʼʼKachinsky Canyonʼʼ; landscape-botanical - ʼʼNew Worldʼʼ, ʼʼTract Kubolachʼʼ; landscape-hydrological - ʼʼKhapkhalskyʼʼ, ʼʼKarkinitsky Bayʼʼ; landscape and ornithological ʼʼAstana plavniʼʼ and ʼʼTract on Karabi-yayleʼʼ (landscape and botanical).

Preserves - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Reserves" 2017, 2018.

In the twentieth century, a system of specially protected natural areas was actively created in Russia. All new reserves and sanctuaries are organized in our century. Protected areas are necessary to preserve the natural resources of our planet.

What is a reserve

The reserve is organized in a territory where complex protection of the ecosystem is necessary. A virgin forest or other part of the Earth, the nature of which is in its original form, is protected. Restoration work is not carried out in the reserve. Visiting the protected core (the area of ​​​​which can occupy up to one hundred percent of the territory) by unauthorized persons is prohibited.

What is a reserve

A sanctuary is a piece of territory or water area that requires the restoration of an ecosystem or part of it. Such protected areas are created when the number of rare animals or plants decreases.

If a valuable geological or historical and cultural object is located on the territory or water area, then a nature reserve is also organized on this area. It can exist indefinitely or be disbanded after the completion of, for example, excavations.

The reserve is a piece of territory, the protection of which is not complete. If a valuable commercial object of hunting is restored in this area, then hunting for a specific representative of the fauna is prohibited. At the same time, picking berries and mushrooms is allowed. If a geological object is protected on the site, then only a negative impact on this structure is prohibited.

A sanctuary is a territory that can be either withdrawn from the owners and users of the land, or kept in their ownership. The decision depends on whether the visit to the area and the use of some natural resources affects the object requiring restoration.

Types of reserves depending on the type of subordination

State natural reserves are:

1. Federal value.
2. regional significance.

State reserves of federal significance are important for the country as a whole. In total, there are 59 such objects in Russia. Back in 2013, there were 70 federal reserves. However, some of them were reduced to the regional level.

Types of reserves depending on the objects of restoration

There are different objects that need to be restored, as they are of great value to humanity. Reserves are divided into the following types:

1. landscape. The entire natural complex is being restored.
2. Biological. Endangered species of flora and fauna are being restored.
3. Hydrological. Valuable aquatic ecosystems are preserved.
4. Geological. Inanimate objects are protected.
5. Paleontological. Fossil objects are protected.

Reserves of Russia

The territories of the reserves are unevenly distributed over the area of ​​the Russian Federation. Most of the protected objects are located in Western Europe, Western Siberia and in the south of the Asian part of our country.

Purinsky Reserve (zoological)

The Purinsky Reserve, located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, is the largest in terms of area. It occupies 7875 square kilometers. An object was created with the aim of preserving and restoring the number of game animals. The migration of rare representatives of the fauna also passes through the territory of the tundra. The Purinsky Reserve is a zoological reserve. Biotopes are being restored at the facility - habitats and migrations of rare representatives of the fauna. It also conducts research in the field of biology and ecology.

Reserve "Moose" (biological)

The Losiny Reserve is located in the north of Primorsky Krai. Wild ungulates and rare plants are protected on the territory. The number of ungulates is restored in the following ways:

1. Animals are being fed.
2. Biotopes suitable for the inhabitants are being restored: the quality of forest plantations is improving.
3. A count is being carried out, and selection work is underway.
4. Animal diseases are being fought.

Accounting for the number is necessary to control the results of the work done.

"Pozarym" - biological reserve of Khakassia

In the twenty-first century, new protected areas continue to be organized, including reserves. The reserve "Pozarym" was founded in December 2011. Endangered species of plants and animals are protected on the territory: the forest subspecies of the reindeer, the snow leopard, the red wolf, the argali mountain sheep, the Siberian mountain goat and other representatives of the fauna.

Indigenous peoples of this area continue to engage in economic activities on the territory of the reserve: they fish for their own food, collect herbs, nuts, mushrooms, and berries.

"Dzeren Valley" (landscape reserve)

The Dzerena Valley reserve is located on the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Wetlands of this subject of the Russian Federation are of value to the whole of Russia. "Dzerena Valley" is a federal-level reserve. Biotopes are protected here - habitats and migrations of rare animals, scientific research is carried out. Tourism is developed on the territory.

This reserve was organized in November 2011 and, like the previous one, is one of the last protected objects created on the territory of Russia.

Reserve "Stone steppe" (landscape and zoological)

It is located in the Voronezh region and has an area of ​​​​only 52 square kilometers. The object "Stone steppe" is one of the smallest reserves in terms of area. Unique forest-steppe landscapes, which are semi-cultural, are protected on the territory. Marmots live here, the number of which must be maintained.

What is a reserve? A sanctuary is a section of the Earth's surface on which certain works are being carried out. Any specific objects are being restored or protected on the square.