What is Group 20. Big Twenty (G20): composition. G20 countries. Organization of the G20
A noun corresponding to the number 20. A bill of 20 units (hryvnia, euro, dollar). The twentieth psychiatric hospital in Moscow not far from MIPT. “Twenty” is the unofficial name of the Top 20 of any survey, list, hit parade: “Big... ... Wikipedia
Group of eight (G8), Big Eight international club, uniting governments ... Wikipedia
BIG EIGHT- (Group of Eight, G8) group of seven most industrialized developed countries world and Russia. The same name is given to the informal forum of leaders of these countries (Russia, USA, Great Britain, France, Japan, Germany, Canada, Italy) with the participation of the European Commission... Large current political encyclopedia
"G20" request redirects here; see also other meanings. G20 Countries Dark Blue colour represents countries h... Wikipedia
Big Eight The Big Eight (English: Group of eight, G8) is an international club that unites the governments of the most industrialized democracies in the world (“Group of Seven” or Big Seven (G7)) and Russia. The unofficial forum is also called... Wikipedia
- (English Group of eight, G8) is an international club that unites the governments of the most industrialized democracies in the world (“Group of Seven” or Big Seven (G7)) and Russia. The unofficial forum of leaders of these countries is also called (USA,... ... Wikipedia
Big Eight The Big Eight (English: Group of eight, G8) is an international club that unites the governments of the most industrialized democracies in the world (“Group of Seven” or Big Seven (G7)) and Russia. The unofficial forum is also called... Wikipedia
Big Eight The Big Eight (English: Group of eight, G8) is an international club that unites the governments of the most industrialized democracies in the world (“Group of Seven” or Big Seven (G7)) and Russia. The unofficial forum is also called... Wikipedia
Big Eight The Big Eight (English: Group of eight, G8) is an international club that unites the governments of the most industrialized democracies in the world (“Group of Seven” or Big Seven (G7)) and Russia. The unofficial forum is also called... Wikipedia
Books
- , Samodurov Vadim. These people made themselves - and turned the world upside down. Now the attention of all mankind is riveted to them. But behind the enthusiastic details of publications about multimillion-dollar mansions, luxury yachts,...
- The richest people on Earth. G20, Vadim Samodurov. 334 pp. These people made themselves - and turned the world upside down. Now the attention of all mankind is riveted to them. But behind the enthusiastic details of publications about multimillion-dollar mansions,...
The G20 (Group of Twenty) summit will take place in early September in the Chinese city of Hangzhou.
What this format is, who participates in it, why it was created and how it functions - in the TASS material.
What is G20?
- The G20 represents informal association largest economically developed and developing countries.
- The decisions of the Group, which are taken by consensus, are non-binding and are subject to approval by the IMF, the World Bank and other financial and economic organizations.
- The G20 countries, home to two-thirds of the world's population, account for 85% of world GDP and 75% of world trade.
How and why was the G20 created?
- The G20 was created in response to the outbreak that broke out in Asia in 1997-1998. financial crisis that had Negative consequences for the global economy.
- One of the important goals of the G20 at the time of its creation was to involve large developing countries in the process of developing economic solutions to emerging challenges at the global level.
- The founding conference of the G20 took place on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin on the initiative of the finance ministers of the leading industrialized countries (G8) - the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy and Japan (Russia, a member of the G8 "in 1997-2014, did not participate in meetings of heads of ministries of finance).
What are the goals of the G20 today?
- Now the Group’s activities are aimed at achieving global economic stability, creating conditions for sustainable growth and reducing the risks of financial crises, as well as reforming the global financial architecture.
Who is part of the Group?
- Canada
- Great Britain
- France
- Italy
- Japan
- Australia
- Argentina
- Brazil
- India
- Indonesia
- China
- South Korea
- Mexico
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- Türkiye
- European Union
How is the G20 presidency organized?
- The selection of the chairing country is organized according to the principle of rotation.
- At the same time, the continent that the G20 chairman represents must change every year. Thus, in 2010 South Korea presided, in 2011 - France, in 2012 - Mexico, in 2013 - Russia, in 2014 - Australia, in 2015 - Turkey.
- Since January 1, 2016, China has held the presidency (Germany in 2017).
- The presiding country determines the main directions of the G20's activities for the coming year.
- The coordinating bodies are the temporary secretariat (located in the presiding country) and the “leading troika” - the former, current and future chairmen.
How is the G20 organized?
- At first, the main form of activity of the Group was annual conferences at the level of finance ministers and heads of central banks, which took place in different countries"twenties".
- After 2008, when the Group held its first meeting at the level of heads of state and government, the format of the meetings was changed - the main event became annual summits (their preparations are carried out by Sherpas - representatives of the leaders of member countries).
- Meetings of finance ministers are held several times a year, and meetings of heads of other ministries are also organized.
How else does the G20 interact?
- Within the framework of the G20, interaction is carried out with non-state structures. Thus, since 2008, meetings of representatives have been held civil society("Civil Twenty", Civil-20), since 2009 - meetings of business circles ("Business Twenty", Business-20), since 2010 - meetings of the "Youth Twenty" (Youth-20) and chairmen of parliaments, with 2011 - representatives of trade unions (Labour-20), since 2012 - conferences of research centers (Think-20).
- In addition, within the G20 there are working groups to support employment, reform global agricultural markets and the global financial system, combat corruption, as well as a Rapid Response Forum to discuss world food prices.
Who else is attending G20 meetings?
- Permanent participants in key G20 meetings are the heads of the UN, the IMF, World Bank, OECD, WTO, ILO, Financial Stability Council.
- In addition, the so-called guest countries are involved in the work of the Group, which are invited by the chairman for one year.
What solutions have been achieved thanks to the G20 format?
- Among the main results of the G20's activities is the achievement of an agreement on a fundamental reform of the global financial system.
- In particular, with the support of the Group, the world began the process of dismantling the tax haven system, many countries tightened their legislation regarding bank secrecy and entered into bilateral agreements on the exchange of information in the field of taxes.
- Decisions were also made to increase the resources of the IMF and to provide assistance to countries affected by the crisis, to regulate bonus payments to top managers of companies and banks, and to tighten control over financial markets.
How many member countries are there in the G20? G20 who is on her forum. About this in the material on the site
Which countries are in the G20
The G20 consists of 19 countries. The club of governments and heads of central banks of the countries with the most developed and developing economies includes:
- Argentina;
- Australia;
- Brazil;
- Canada;
- China;
- France;
- Germany;
- India;
- Indonesia;
- Italy;
- Japan;
- South Korea;
- Mexico;
- Russia;
- Saudi Arabia;
- South Africa;
- Türkiye;
- United Kingdom;
- USA;
- as well as the European Union.
G20
In addition, representatives of various international organizations usually attend G20 meetings, including the Financial Stability Board, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, the United Nations and the World Bank.
What is the G20
G20 is:
Source: theconversation.com: G20 Studies Centre, The Lowy Institute & The Global Carbon Atlas
GDP of G20 and rest of the world (2015)
Source: The World Bank, Global Carbon
What is discussed at the summit
The G20 forum emerged in 1999 after the Asian financial crisis. It was then realized that emerging market economies were not adequately represented in global economic discussions and G7 decision-making.
- Until 2008, the group did not hold summits on top level, its main form of activity was annual meetings at the level of finance ministers and central bank governors, trade representatives and anti-corruption working groups.
- Before the formation of the G20, there were attempts to discuss financial policy issues in two broader formats. In 1997, the G33 was formed, a group of 33 countries, which was replaced in 1999 by the G22, which lasted less than a year and gave way to the G20.
Who is invited to the summit G20
Spain is a "permanent invitee" and the G20 host country also invites several countries. In 2016, in addition to Spain, the following were invited:
- Azerbaijan;
- Benin;
- Brunei;
- Cambodia;
- Chile;
- Colombia;
- Egypt;
- Equatorial Guinea;
- Ethiopia;
- Kazakhstan;
- Laos;
- Malawi;
- Malaysia;
- Mauritania;
- Myanmar;
- Netherlands;
- New Zealand;
- Niger;
- Senegal;
- Singapore;
- Switzerland;
- Thailand;
- Vietnam;
- Zimbabwe.
Why the G20 summit matters
While the G7 is made up of rich countries, the G20 includes leaders from both developed and developing countries market economies to represent a wider range of views.
The 2009 summit in London, in particular, discussed the transition of the world economy to sustainable growth. It was decided:
- significantly increase the resources of the IMF - up to 750 billion US dollars;
- provide at least US$100 billion to support additional lending from MDBs;
- provide $250 billion in trade finance support;
- use additional proceeds from agreed IMF gold sales to finance the poorest countries on preferential terms.
Let us recall that in 1970, the UN General Assembly Resolution set out the goal of providing 0.7% of the gross national income of each developed country
The next G20 international summit 2018 will be the 13th event of this kind. Traditionally, it will bring together the leaders of the G20 member countries. The meeting of heads of state will be held for the first time on the territory South America, in particular, in the capital of Argentina, Buenos Aires.
Note that as a result of the Hamburg forum, it was established not only where the G20 summit will be held in the coming 2018, but also where it will take place in one and two years. Thus, in 2019, Japan will be the host for the first time, followed by Saudi Arabia.
Until now, the date for the G20 summit in 2018 has not been set. It is expected to take place over two days in May or June. Moreover, last year in Germany the date of the congress of leaders was set for another month - July, namely on the 7th and 8th.
The heads of the following powers and regions will meet in Buenos Aires:
- Australia.
- Russia.
- Brazil.
- Canada.
- China.
- South Africa.
- Mexico.
- Japan.
- Italy.
- Indonesia.
- India.
- Saudi Arabia.
- South Korea.
- Great Britain.
- Türkiye.
- France.
- Germany.
- Argentina.
- The European Union, from which two speakers will speak: the President of the European Commission and the President of the European Union.
If the location of the G20 summit in 2018 has already been decided, then who will go to the congress from Russian Federation, still remains a mystery. The fact is that Russia will be represented at the meeting by the president, which will take place only in March of next year.
Current problems
On this moment It is known that Presidents Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin have already met with each other as part of the Argentine summit. Their conversation lasted more than two hours.
The Russian leader said that he spoke with the head of the United States:
- about what is happening in Syria and Ukraine;
- about cybersecurity;
- about the fight against terrorists.
The parties quickly came to a consensus, resolved the Syrian issue and agreed on a ceasefire in the country. However, other problems still remain open. They will be put forward for discussion at the G20 in 2018.
In addition, at a future summit, Russia intends to introduce the idea of creating an association of aluminum producers, which will also include India, China and the states Persian Gulf. At a recent meeting in July, Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov already managed to agree on the creation of an association with colleagues from Arab countries.
The issue of sanctions also remains acute. Last year, world leaders failed to agree on lifting trade restrictions. The presidents only indirectly discussed this mechanism of economic pressure, but such a superficial solution to the problem did not suit Russian representatives, in particular, Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov, Minister economic development Maxim Oreshkin and many others. In the coming year, ambassadors from Russia intend to raise the topic of protectionist policies that negatively affect global economic growth.
The climate session at the G20-2017 was also unsuccessful. Due to the views of Donald Trump, who considers global warming a hoax, the environmental association completely left the United States. Therefore, countries will have to return to the conversation about greenhouse gas emissions and effectively regulate compensatory policies associated with the withdrawal of one of the largest emitters of water vapor from the agreement, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone.
About the essence of the summits
The G20 is an organization that brings together the major economic systems planets. The year of its formation is considered to be 1999. From its foundation to the present day, the key goal of the G20 has been to ensure sustainable growth of the planetary economy. To achieve the implementation of this large-scale task, a whole range of local pressing problems was solved at the congresses. These today include the search for adequate ways:
- to stabilize the world economy;
- for the development of social and financial infrastructure;
- to resolve regional conflicts;
- to ensure food security in poor countries;
- to preserve the Earth's ecology.
Thus, at last year’s summit in the German city of Hamburg, Angela Merkel formulated the following 3 key tasks:
- Increasing the resilience of countries around the world to various types of problems.
- Affirmation of development stability.
- Taking responsibility for decisions and actions.
Let us recall that since 2008, G20 meetings have been held on a regular annual basis.
Video from the G20 summit in 2017: Angela Merkel greets Vladimir Putin:
Many have heard. When did the G20 come into being? What are the goals and operating principles of this forum? Which countries are in the G20? All this is discussed in our article.
History of the organization
Before answering the question of which countries are members of the G20, we should briefly talk about the history and when it was founded.
The G20 or simply G20 is a global international forum that brings together the world's leading economies. In countries that are included in this organization, concentrates about 85% of all world trade.
The year of the creation of the G20 is the corresponding decision to create such a forum was taken at a meeting of finance ministers " G7"in Washington. The first inaugural conference of the organization took place in December of the same year in Berlin.
The impetus for the establishment of the G20 was the so-called East Asian economic crisis of 1998, the consequences of which affected almost the entire planet. " Powerful of the world This" realized the need for a global organization that could predict and prevent such crises in the world economy.
It is curious that initially an organization called the G33 arose, which united 33 states. However, less than a year later, it transformed into the G20. What countries are included in it? Read about this in the next section.
G20 countries: list of members
It is interesting that candidates for the G20 were selected by ministers of only two countries - the USA and Canada. Which countries are in the G20 today?
The international forum includes 19 leading world economies, as well as European Union as a collective organization. In addition, representatives of other international organizations - the IMF, the World Bank, and the European Central Bank - are often present at G20 meetings and summits.
All G20 countries are listed below (list as of 2015):
- Australia.
- Argentina.
- Brazil.
- Canada.
- Mexico.
- Republic of South Africa.
- Japan.
- South Korea.
- Russia.
- India.
- Indonesia.
- China.
- Saudi Arabia.
- Türkiye.
- Great Britain.
- Italy.
- Germany.
- France.
All participating countries of this international forum are displayed yellow on the map below (states that are part of the G7 are indicated in more saturated shades).
G20: goals and features of work
The organization was created with one main goal: to achieve stable and sustainable growth of the global economy for the benefit of all, without exception, countries on the planet.
The main form of activity is the meetings and summits that G20 member countries attend annually. Each year, one state is elected to head the organization. The next summit is being held there. The G20 interim secretariat is also located in this country.
One should not assume that the activities of the G20 are limited to summits that take place once a year. They only outline a plan of actions and activities, work on which continues in various working groups and departments of ministries. Among the organization's key tasks are finding ways to stabilize the economy, developing an international financial architecture, developing social infrastructure, ensuring food security, solving problems of corruption, and even financing and promoting various environmental and climate programs.
At the same time, the structure of the G20 quite often lends itself to harsh criticism. Firstly, for the fact that it does not include 173 states of the planet. Secondly, for the lack of transparency in the work of the entire organization.
G20 annual summits
The G20 organization began holding annual summits with the participation of presidents and prime ministers of states in 2008. The first of them took place in Washington and was called anti-crisis. The main issue for discussion on the agenda of the summit was the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.
The G-20 summit was held twice in 2009 and 2010. Experts note that great importance had the Seoul summit, which took place in November 2010. It, in particular, discussed the topic of monetary policy in the United States and China. The 2014 Australian summit in Brisbane also caused a huge resonance in world society. Three pressing issues were raised at it: the Ukrainian crisis and the problem world security generally.
Russia and the G-20
In 2014, Russia was excluded from the structure, or rather, its membership in the G8 group was suspended. Thus, " Big Eight"returned to the G7 format again. Soon after this, information appeared that Russia was going to be deprived of the right to participate in the G20 forum.
Australia is most critical of the Russian Federation today. The government accuses Russia of involvement in the crash of the Boeing MH-17 in the skies over Donbass. However, the Russian delegation was invited to the Australian summit in Brisbane. The G20 made this decision in the hope that it would help “ease overall geopolitical tensions” in the world.
Finally...
Now you know which countries are members of the G20. International organization formed in 1999. Initially, she organized and conducted meetings and consultations with finance ministers of different states. Later, heads of countries were involved in the G20, and the organization began to address more global issues.
The current composition of the G20 countries includes 19 independent states from different continents, as well as one collective organization - the European Union (EU).