GRU special forces equipment. Special forces uniform: camouflage features and possible colors. Uniform care

Military uniforms - field, everyday and ceremonial uniforms - are always regulated by the relevant decrees of the Ministry of Defense. However, there are special forces formations in the law enforcement agencies of ministries and departments not related to the Russian Armed Forces, which perform specific tasks, for which they use a very wide range of military and universal uniforms.

Classification of special purpose units

Existing special forces units in Russia belong to different departments. The Russian Armed Forces have the following special forces units:

• NE ( ground troops) – DShB brigades and DShP regiment;
• GU - 25th regiment and brigade;
• MO – center of Senezh;
• GRU - PDSS detachments of reconnaissance points Parusnoye (Baltic Fleet), Tuapse (Black Sea Fleet), Zverosovkhoz ( Northern Fleet) and about. Russky/Dzhigit Bay (Pacific Fleet);
• Airborne Forces – 45 guards brigade(Cuban);
• Navy - detachments of the Caspian Flotilla, Black Sea, Baltic, Pacific and Northern Fleet.

The Russian special services also have special forces units:

• FSB - operational support departments, regional departments and services, departments A (Alpha), B (Vympel) and C;
• Border Service of the FSB - regional services and departments, DShM of border detachments, special intelligence groups OGSpR;
• SVR – Zaslon detachment;
• Ministry of Internal Affairs - Thunder squad;
• National Guard troops - instead of internal troops, detachments were created: Wolverine (Krasnoyarsk-26), Rus (Simferopol), Skif (Grozny), Peresvet (Moscow), Svyatogor (Stavropol), Bulat (Ufa), Ratnik (Arkhangelsk), Kuzbass (Kemerovo) , Bars (Kazan), Mercury (Smolensk), Mechel (Chelyabinsk), Typhoon (Khabarovsk), Ermak (Novosibirsk), Edelweiss (Minvody), Vyatich (Armavir), Ural (Nizhny Tagil), Rosich (Novocherkassk), 604 TsSN;
• Rosgvardia - combat units of SOBR and OMON;
• FSIN - republican departments Saturn (Moscow), Rossy (Sverdlovsk), Typhoon (Lenoblast), Iceberg (Murmansk), Guardian (Chuvashia), Akula (Krasnodar), Yastreb (Mari El), Vulcan (Kabardino-Balkaria);
• Ministry of Emergency Situations – special risk center Leader;
• FSUE Communications-Security – Mars department.

Some of the above special purpose units are military, that is, by default they are staffed by military personnel. The other is departmental, that is, it employs employees who are assigned special ranks, not military ones. The two largest ministries of the Russian Federation include both:

• Ministry of Internal Affairs - the special forces of the National Guard are staffed by military personnel, riot police and special forces are not military formations;
• FSB - special forces of the border troops and departments A, B and C, respectively.

Special forces formations perform combat missions in populated areas and forests, under water and in the air, so field uniforms, ammunition and weapons are very different. A presidential decree in 2005 prohibited the use of insignia and military uniforms in the security units of the FSB, FSKN, Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSIN, PPS and other departments formed not from military personnel.

These highly mobile units reach combat missions, perform guard duty and learn skills in various forms.

Military special forces

When performing fixed-term, long-term or contract service as part of special forces, a serviceman is obliged to comply with the rules of wearing uniforms and insignia. The state provides special forces formations with VKBO sets (all-season basic uniform set) consisting of 19 items of clothing. Independent configuration of VKBO elements is allowed, depending on combat and training missions and weather conditions.

Any third-party “camouflage,” “body armor,” or “unloading” that does not meet the requirements of the statute is considered a dress code violation. However, the Special Forces are considered the elite of the Russian Armed Forces; commanders may allow the use of more comfortable clothing, for example, American or European special forces.

Special purpose squads of combat swimmers actually arose during the Second World War, but the units were so secret that field and everyday clothing was altered by their employees independently from the most suitable uniforms of various branches of the military.

In 1974, during the formation of the famous Alpha (Group A of the KGB of the USSR for the fight against terror), working in a less secret mode, the problem of equipment also arose, so the officers wore blue jackets and suits for pilots and technical workers, which turned out to be most convenient for their tasks.

When a limited contingent of troops was introduced into Afghanistan in 1979, the special forces field uniform for hot climates and mountainous terrain was urgently developed based on the uniform of the troops of Congolese President Colonel Mabuta; the suit was sewn according to GOST 17 6290 from raincoat fabric with water-repellent impregnation.

Officially, the “Mabuta”, “jump suit” or “sand” was the uniform of “Alpha”, GRU units and the newly formed Vympel department; in fact, paratroopers and infantrymen bought it for cash with the permission of their commanders for everyday wear.

The modern uniform of Russian special forces is comfortable and functional, but there are Western analogues, surpassing it in some properties/qualities. For example, until recently protective helmet did not have devices for fixing a tactical flashlight, night vision device and other devices. The colors and patterns of some camouflage fabrics and clothing styles from American and European manufacturers are better suited to specific local conditions.

Rules for wearing uniforms by Russian military personnel

In 2015, the Russian Ministry of Defense signed decree number 300 on the rules for wearing military uniforms. The latest changes were made to it in 2017, but before that significant adjustments were made three times:

• 1997 – symbols were added, wearing rules were introduced;
• 2008 - the dress uniform was simplified, field uniforms were improved;
• 2011 – partial return to the form of the USSR, development of the VKBO.

Until 2008, the equipment of special forces of the Armed Forces and non-armed forces departments was almost identical. Moreover, the guard’s uniform almost completely copied the uniform of the elite units participating in hostilities, therefore, in these formations and organizations, military symbols and army uniforms were prohibited.

VKBO kit

In 2011, a new uniform was developed for general purpose units and special forces units. The customer of the project was the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and the contractor was the domestic light industry holding BTK Group. An integrated scientific approach was used, so the design bureau included:

• University of Technology and Design St. Petersburg;
• Naval Engineering Institute of State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education;
• Institute of Medicine RAMS.

A ready-made VKBO kit was tested at 8 military units 3 months in 2012 in different regions of the country - the south of the Russian Federation, Trans-Urals, Central region, Arctic. The customer put forward the following requirements:

• anti-slip surface of shoe soles;
• petrol and oil resistance of the upper part of the shoe;
• ergonomics of each element;
• durability, compactness, low weight;
• camouflage properties (camouflage);
• protection from adverse conditions;
• provision and ability to regulate heat balance;
• moisture management at any level of physical activity.

The final VKBO set consists of 3 pairs of shoes and 20 items that provide a multi-layer effect. In other words, each subsequent layer is put on top of the previous layer to achieve a comfortable thermal balance in all weather conditions and climatic zones at different seasons of the year.

The delivery schedule was carried out in stages from 2013 to 2015. The transition from the existing uniform to the new uniform occurred gradually. Part personnel dressed in VKBO, at the same time wearing old-style uniforms.

The uniform is considered casual and field, so the summer kit is intended for indoors all year round and outdoors at an air temperature of +15 degrees. The winter kit is effective for temperatures from -40 degrees to +15 degrees. Three pairs of shoes are designed to be worn in temperature ranges-40 – -10 degrees, -10 – + 15 degrees and above + 15 degrees. Clothes that are not currently in use are transported and stored in a special backpack-trunk.

1. moisture-wicking underwear short (T-shirt and shorts) made of 100% polyester or long (long johns with a codpiece, sweatshirt with a round neck, long sleeve, silhouette adjacent);
2. fleece underwear made from a long-sleeved sweatshirt (zip to the middle of the chest, chin protection, hole for thumb) and long johns (selective brushing, elastic band inside the waistband) made of 7% elastane and 93% polyester;
3. fleece jacket (100% polyester), 2 internal and 2 external pockets, chin protection, elbow, shoulder pads and stand-up collar made of finishing fabric, has a windproof flap, side zipper, double-sided fleece, wears with insulated, protective or demi-season suit ;
4. windbreaker (2% elastane and 98% polyester), digital camouflage, worn with trousers of the next level, cord at the bottom with fasteners, ventilation valves in the pockets, water-repellent finish;
5. demi-season suit (1% elastane, 99% polyamide) made of trousers with removable suspenders, the seat area and knees are reinforced with high-strength pads, side seams with zippers, and jackets with a two-way zipper, hood, front pockets, stand-up collar, elbow pads;
6. windproof suit (PTFE membrane inside 100% polyamide) made of jacket and trousers, linings, double flap, hood, waterproof zippers, side seams of trousers with zippers;
7. insulated vest (100% polyamide and PTFE membrane), one internal pocket is tightened with a cord, the second is closed with a zipper, front external patch pockets, windproof placket with hidden buttons;
8. insulated suit (100% polyamide), hood is adjustable to fit the face, pockets in the sleeves, reinforced linings, mitten clips, bottom of trousers with elastic bands, top to mid-thigh with zippers.

Fleece underwear weighs 516 g, regular 281 g (long), insulated suit 2.3 kg. The summer suit (digital camouflage) has an increased cotton content (65%). The thread is reinforced using rip-stop technology, the fabric practically does not tear. A headdress is provided for him - a cap. The second cap is worn with a demi-season suit. The scarf is made in the shape of a bib and is adjustable in volume.

Universal hat-balaclava made of 30% polyamide and 70% wool, transformable. An insulated hat with two elongated flaps allows for wearing in several positions. Winter socks made of wool with the addition of polyamide. The mittens have removable insulation and fasteners for jacket sleeves. Five-fingered woolen gloves, black.

However, the basic kit does not provide 100% equipment for solving special forces combat missions, so special forces units use additional equipment, ammunition, and weapons. For example, body armor, unloading vests, camouflage suits, wetsuits, jumpsuits for paratroopers.

Casual dress

Unlike rapid reaction forces, special forces plan operations in advance, so daily activities traditionally include:

• classroom training (theory, tactics);
• performing guard duty;
• rest and personal time.

Thus, army special forces use the new VKBO kits, which are quite sufficient for these tasks. For training in special disciplines, field uniforms are used - camouflage suits, body armor, wetsuits, jumpsuits.

Field uniform

Due to the special status of special forces, they solve very different tasks:

• sabotage and anti-terrorism activities;
• intelligence and counterintelligence;
• ensuring the safety of one’s own unit and eliminating enemy structures of the same name;
• organization riots on enemy territory and fighting them in their own regions;
• protection of objects/persons and their physical destruction.

The field black uniform of the OMON of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the FSB provides visual control - friend/foe, demoralizes the enemy, and the diving suit of the PDSS GRU naval combat swimmer ensures covert penetration under water. The “Izlom” camouflage is good for moving through the forest as part of a group, and the “Leshy” camouflage suit is used by a sniper in a long-term firing position.

Ceremonial uniform

The dress uniform of military personnel and employees of special forces units is much easier to understand:

• they belong to certain branches of the military;
• ceremonial uniforms are used during dismissal, at a gala event or during vacation, that is, at events not related to combat missions.

Special forces soldiers are dressed according to the rules of wearing military uniforms.

Airborne Forces

Usually the special forces demobilization uniform is decorated with aiguillettes and numerous piping elements of ceremonial clothing. In fact, aiguillette is an element of the dress uniform for special ceremonial occasions according to Decree No. 300 of 2015 of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Officer's dress uniform airborne special forces includes:

• jacket, trousers and cap made of blue (sea wave) wool;
• a vest with blue stripes instead of a white general-arms shirt;
• ceremonial golden belt;
• black boots with high tops;
• blue beret or cap.

In winter, airborne troops dress in the same uniform, and on top of it are everyday clothes. warm jacket of blue color and black gloves. Instead of a beret/cap, a fur hat with earflaps or a cap can be used.

In the summer, soldiers, sergeants and cadets wear a blue beret, combat boots, a vest and a casual suit.

Navy

The uniform of the Special Forces belonging to the Navy is completely identical to the uniform of the Airborne Special Forces. Since the rules for wearing a dress uniform clearly state that all special forces, regardless of belonging to a specific branch of the military, receive the right to wear a blue vest and ankle boots. The beret has the color of the military branch.

PS FSB (border service)

The jacket of an FSB officer is no different from the uniform of a serviceman - three buttons, sea wave color, fitted. The shoulder straps of employees of departments A, B and C have a cornflower blue edging on a silver or gold field, border service– green edging. The ceremonial military uniform is equipped with boots or boots (for formation), and a golden belt. The color of the overcoat is steel gray, it is fastened with 6 buttons.

Special Forces National Guard Troops (maroon berets)

A distinctive element of the dress uniform of the special forces of the former Internal Troops, preserved after their renaming to National Guard, is a headdress. The maroon beret appeared in 1978, until 1989 it remained a non-statutory element of the uniform, to which senior officers turned a blind eye. The qualification test for the right to wear it was legalized only in 1993.

Simultaneously with the maroon beret of the VV special forces, vests with stripes of a similar color appeared, by analogy with the Airborne Forces and Marine Corps (blue and black vests in the color of the berets of these branches of the military, respectively).

PDSS and MRP GRU (combat swimmers)

PDSS units were created to identify and eliminate enemy underwater saboteurs. However, to effectively combat them, the composition includes combat swimmers(the same saboteurs, but their own). In addition, there are separate formations in each fleet for highly specialized tasks, for example, protecting the water area and ships inside it under water or organizing sabotage.

These formations of Russian special forces are considered the most classified so far. During the Soviet era, they were provided with the standard uniform of privates and sergeants of the home fleet. We wore it on leave and on vacation; we never took part in parades.

Currently the situation continues. The dress uniform of the MRP and PDSS detachments is completely identical to the uniform of the Navy.

Dress code for particularly hot regions

The Russian Army does not provide dress uniforms for hot regions. But for the Russian soldier there is a special everyday uniform from the manufacturer BTK Group consisting of 8 items:

• socks;
• t-shirt;
• baseball cap;
• Panama;
• shorts;
• trousers;
• jacket.

This is the uniform worn by the MTR units of the Russian Armed Forces in Syria. All clothing is sand-colored without a camouflage pattern.

Female form

In Special Forces formations, women's everyday and field clothing has special sizes. Shirt-tunic is included big amount pockets. The dress uniform is distinguished by the presence of a blouse and skirt made of wool instead of a men's jacket and trousers. Berets, ankle boots and vests are preserved in full for the special forces that the Russian Army has.

Special units of law enforcement agencies and ministries

After 2008, special forces uniforms staffed by non-military personnel use differences from army uniforms. This was done on purpose to avoid confusion. However, even before the renaming internal troops The Ministry of Internal Affairs received the right to wear a maroon beret and vest.

By default, employees use a full police uniform (MVD) or similar uniforms of their own department (FSB, FSIN). In most cases, a domestically produced VKBO kit is used as an everyday uniform. The field uniform corresponds to the tasks of the units and differs significantly from the army uniform.

For example, the Special Forces formations of the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs use a black uniform.

Standard uniform

By analogy with the army, the latest edition of the Rules for Wearing Uniforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs took place in 2011, so the special forces “parade” is practically no different from the PPS uniform. The main nuances are:

• even at special events, riot police are allowed to wear gray camouflage, and SOBR is allowed a black summer suit;
• instead of an army field uniform, there is an analogue - uniforms for performing service and operational special tasks;
• instead of a jacket, the suit set may include a “Gorka” (mountain suit) of an anorak style (put on over the head) or a single-breasted jacket with a zipper;
• By analogy with the airborne troops, a beret is provided, only green or black.

Unlike the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the GRU special forces uniform is subject to the rules of wearing of the Ministry of Defense, that is, by default it is army.

Individual uniform and ammunition

If the army Special Forces are characterized by covert operations, police special forces often confront armed formations “face to face”, therefore the cut of the clothes of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB and its protective characteristics often turn out to be unsatisfactory when using a standard set. Uniforms of American and European production are purchased, including by the special forces officers themselves:

• bulletproof vests Redut, Defender and Bagariy of modular type;
• unloading vests manufactured by Armak;
• Molle pouch sets;
• OpScore, Omnitek-T and ShBM helmets;
• submachine guns Veresk SR-2M and PP-2000.

Standard AKs are equipped with length-adjustable stocks and Picatinny rails, allowing you to attach additional devices to the machine gun.

Special Operations Forces MTR

The unit reports to the Minister of Defense, was created in 2009, and the data of the current SOF commander is classified. They are considered a rapid reaction force and conduct operations abroad (Somalia, Aleppo) and within the country (North Caucasus).

From its inception until mid-2014, exclusively foreign special forces uniforms were used to equip these units:

• Propper BDU (multicam colors);
• special equipment kits for hot climates;
• Arcteryx Leaf;
• Tactical Combat, Field or Performance;
• tactical suit Fortrex K14;
• helmets Warrior Quiver and 6B7-1M;
• ballistic helmet Spartan;
• diving suit GKN-7 set Amphora diving;
• anti-fragmentation suit Reid-L;
• body armor 6B43;
• unloading vest 6Sh112.

Currently, the BTK Group holding company provides decent quality materials, design and functionality of equipment; domestic uniforms are used, with rare exceptions.

In the media, this unit is usually called “Polite People” because of the corresponding attitude towards journalists during the maintenance of order in Crimea in 2014. During the operation, his disguise was either a security guard's uniform or civilian clothing.

Options for camouflage suits

Domestic camouflage for military uniforms comes in several types:

• Deciduous forest - created during the Second World War in 1942, suitable for forest;
• Silver leaf - has additional names “birch” and “sunny bunny”;
• Amoeba - appeared in 1935, the spots are large, there are options for any season of varying color intensity;
• VSR-93 – “Butane”, more often called “vertical”, the design completely merges the form with the vegetation;
• VSR-98 - “Flora” or “Watermelon” because of the corresponding stripes, is considered basic for the European part of the Russian Federation;
• Flora digital - called the “Russian number”, is the youngest option.

Initially, camouflage was used to disguise special forces weapons and their uniforms to match the surrounding terrain. like this field clothes worn by all Special Forces units. However, for special operations there are better camouflage options:

• Goblin - the cape is hung with tufts of green, brown and yellow colors, blends in with any vegetation and tree trunks;
• Kikimora is a high-strength shapeless fiber of a marsh color.

There are known options from third-party manufacturers of camouflage fabric and ready-made sets of tactical uniforms made from it:

• Twilight – color from black to light gray (twilight);
• Cobra - looks like the scales of a large reptile, blends in with the woodland and tall grass;
• Kink – waterproof fabric for hardwood and coniferous forest;
• Frog – large digital squares;
• Multicam - the American version for urban areas, slums, communications, not suitable for forests;
• Suprat - a domestic development of a forest camouflage pattern and suit style, costs three times less than imported analogues;
• Amoeba - created from illogical fabric, has the most extensive operating experience;
• Black - for units of departmental security forces (Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB and UPSIP) for the purpose of quickly identifying each other;
• Winter - clean White color or with black spots;
• Desert – advantage of sandy and brown colors;
• Jungle – yellow and green;
• Urban – considered basic, has a gray background, dark “number”.

In addition to the Special Forces, camouflage clothing is used by combat units and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Armed Forces, GRU, FSB and even civilians and organizations. For example, a police officer and a fisherman can be dressed in camouflage. Until recently, the uniform of a security guard was practically no different from army uniforms.

Foreign analogues of camouflage fabric are most often superior to domestic developments:

• Apu Pat - the name of the style of clothing and the color of camouflage fabric, does not change color when wet;
• Woodland - a budget version of the previous material, darkens when wet, nicknamed “NATO”, has four shades - rich green for swamps, moderate for forests, brown for mountains and basic universal;
• Marpat - has three options for desert, city and forest, digital spots with black, brown and green shades, breaking the symmetry of human anatomy, which the observer’s eye usually clings to.

Digital drawing is considered the best option, as it is developed in a special camouflage department of the Karbyshev Central Research Institute. The shape of the pixel interferes with the concentration of the gaze on it and “falls out” from the field of view. For example, the “kink” option has the following masking properties:

• the scheme is divided into color parts - mustard, dark green and brown;
• the fracture imitates the three main coverings of a coniferous forest - moss, foliage and fallen needles;
• the deforming visual perception of the silhouette behind the camouflage fabric is achieved by increasing the size of the pattern;
• digital areas of green color should be close to the real size of the needles, brown - to the dimensions of moss spots, and mustard - to dry foliage.

Camouflage colors are often used for sewing everyday uniforms, since the fabric is very strong.

Special uniforms

In addition to the Kikimora and Leshy camouflage coats, several categories of military specialists have special uniforms:

• scuba divers and divers;
• paratroopers and snipers;
• saboteurs and anti-terrorism groups;
• sappers and miners.

For the same reasons, special forces weapons are diverse:

• Pecheneg and AKM machine guns;
• pistol Vityaz PP-10-01, Glock-17 and PYa;
• AK-105, 74M and APS (underwater) assault rifles;
• sniper complexes VSK-94 and Vintorez;
• PRTK Kornet complexes;
• hand grenade launchers GM-94 and under-barrel grenade launchers GP-34.

Special forces move overland in SUVs, KamAZ-Mustangs, BTR-82 armored personnel carriers, armored vehicles and ATVs.

Delivery by air is carried out by AN-26 transport personnel and Mt-8MTV-5 helicopters, by water by BRP SEA-DOO jet skis, and under water by tugboats and nuclear submarines.

Thus, the dress uniform of special forces units is a kind of camouflage. Everyday uniforms are most often the same, but field uniforms are very diverse and unique.

“A soldier doesn’t need extra property!” - these words of a famous song can be the motto of those specialists who are developing a set of equipment worn by military personnel in combat conditions or in exercises simulating such.

But with all the minimization of the soldier’s needs, the warrior must have everything necessary to complete the assigned task. This is especially true for the issue of equipping fighters in those units that are commonly called special units. Sometimes too much depends on their actions.

It turns out that a special forces soldier needs quite a bit. And the further you go, the more things are needed in battle.

All these items, each of which can be used at the most critical moment of the battle, are generally called equipment.

Concentrated Experience

One might assume that the very first item on the list of things needed in battle is weapons. This is, of course, true, but machine guns, machine guns, pistols, grenade launchers, flamethrowers and other deadly things are highlighted in absolutely separate category, and do not apply to equipment.

But uniforms, shoes, hats, backpacks, body armor, flasks and much more can be designated by this word. An ordinary ordinary soldier should be dressed comfortably, in accordance with the time of year and the climatic zone in which the service takes place. But there are also special troops. We will talk about them.

Of course, special elite units of any army are entitled to equipment appropriate to the complexity of the tasks they perform. Special forces equipment is the embodied concentrated military experience of mankind, accumulated over many centuries in conjunction with the latest technological achievements.

Suvorov equipment

In ancient times, troops transported everything they needed in convoys following army columns. Foragers, sutlers and other heroes of military supply carried out the difficult mission of obtaining and delivering everything without which the army could not wage war. Soldiers on the march, as a rule, carried weapons, a certain amount of ammunition and a knapsack or bag in which simple military belongings were placed. During Suvorov's campaigns, the Russian army, distinguished by its special mobility, took a slightly different approach. The soldier had to have with him everything necessary to survive and even help a comrade in trouble. The weight was considerable, but the principle of increased autonomy generally justified itself. The equipment of Russian special forces is formed taking into account the continuity of this tradition.

Wartime special forces

Modern equipment of even the most ordinary soldier is much more functional than the equipment of a soldier from World War II, Korean, Vietnam, Afghanistan and most other wars of the twentieth century. In the USSR, the issue of military supply was treated rather simplistically, believing (and not without reason) that our soldier was already good, and would give a head start to any other simply due to his endurance, unpretentiousness and readiness for inconvenience. Yes, in the Soviet Army they really did without carbide lamps (which were in everyone’s backpack German soldier), toilet paper, condoms and many other items unnecessary in battle. In the duffel bag there were spare footcloths, a change of linen, some crackers and dry rations (if the suppliers had gone the extra mile), as well as “letters from the mother and a handful of native land”, sung by poets. But even during the difficult war years, special forces equipment took into account special, complicated combat conditions; special shoes and lightweight clothing were used in it, which kept them warm in the cold and cool in the heat. After all, a front-line reconnaissance or saboteur most often faced a long, dangerous journey through enemy rear areas. Every gram counted, every kilocalorie of food counted. And stealth and noiselessness were also required.

The main requirement for the equipment of a reconnaissance saboteur during the war years was not its convenience, but the ability to camouflage a fighter on the ground. The scientific approach to this issue was still just being formed, but certain developments already existed.

Intelligence services of the post-war era

In the post-war years, attention to ammunition issues only increased. Since Stalin's times, a number of intelligence services have been created in the USSR, each of which had its own departments, independent of each other. Such an organization of information support for the country's leadership, despite departmental disunity, is completely justified. You can compare information obtained from different sources and draw conclusions about their reliability. Today it is difficult to judge which of the departments was the most effective, but there is no doubt that, along with the all-powerful State Security Committee, the Main Office made a significant contribution to the defense of the Motherland on invisible fronts Intelligence Directorate Ministry of Defense. Each of these services, modestly called competent, had special divisions. The requirements for their employees were not just high, they could be called unique. And, of course, the country supplied them with everything necessary to carry out especially important tasks. The equipment of the special forces of the Soviet intelligence services was created in secret institutions, and experienced saboteurs who had gone through more than one war served as consultants in them.

Glavrazvedupr

An Army intelligence officer may work abroad illegally, with or without diplomatic cover. In this case, he wears a good civilian suit, speaks the language of the country in which he lives, without an accent, and tries in everything to be like its ordinary citizen. they were even forbidden to wear sunglasses, so as not to correspond in any way to the cinematic image of the “red spy”. It’s another matter if such an officer performs a special mission during hostilities. The equipment of the GRU special forces was equipped differently depending on climatic conditions and the nature of the tasks. For example, in the tropics, an indispensable item of clothing was the so-called “net”, woven from a special rope. Mosquitoes, mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects, even having pierced clothing with their stings, could not reach the skin with them, and the air gap contributed to better heat transfer. The shoes were also special, with a heel on the toe, in order to mislead possible pursuers (of course, not very experienced ones) regarding the direction of movement. The equipment of the GRU special forces included a special saboteur jacket, the tailoring of which was based on the rich experience of army intelligence.

What else is meant by the word “equipment”?

There is no bad weather, just inappropriate clothing. This English proverb is quite suitable for special forces uniforms. Special forces equipment, however, is not only jackets, boots and pants. Conventionally, it is divided into several functional sections, although many of them overlap. So, for example, a “survival knife” can be classified as a weapon, protective equipment, and special elements. In addition to clothing, the equipment of Russian special forces and special units of other countries includes means of protection, communications, navigation, life support, as well as a first aid kit, satellites and special devices. Some of these equipment groups are worth considering individually.

Vietnam experience

In Vietnam, Americans first wore Kevlar body armor. Movies about these tragic sixties, both documentaries and fiction, indicate that ordinary GIs wore dirty green cotton uniforms and metal helmets, sometimes covered with fabric or mesh covers so as not to glare in the sun. American special forces equipment was more complex and advanced. The uniform had a spotted body armor that protected it from destructive fire weapons; the Green Berets had individual communications equipment (ISS), which helped to better coordinate the actions of units.

Helmet

The helmet, which everyone has become accustomed to since the First World War, was originally designed to protect the soldier’s head from saber strikes and stone fragments, and not at all from bullets or shrapnel. The first attempt to give it the ability to withstand the effects of small arms is associated with the world-famous “horns” of the German helmet. German inventors planned to attach additional armor plates to them. The bullet really didn’t take the helmet, but they couldn’t withstand the blow, and the soldier died anyway. Modern special forces equipment includes a helmet, usually made of heavy-duty polymer; it is much lighter and more comfortable than metal. Experts consider the American Op Score helmet to be the most advanced product at present, which takes into account the possibility of wearing (also an indispensable attribute nowadays) a walkie-talkie headset along with a microphone. This helmet has mounts for infrared night vision and other gadgets. Its replicas are known (for example, the Russian “Armakom”).

Shoes

Equipment of Russian special forces during Afghan war left much to be desired. Comfortable trousers and jackets were a good solution in the southern climatic conditions, but shoes (boots or heavy ankle boots) turned out to be of little use in the mountains, and special forces soldiers were more willing to wear ordinary sports shoes, sneakers and sneakers on combat missions. Unfortunately, it was not possible to completely solve the boot even today, although good models, light and durable, already exist (for example, safety shoes from the Russian manufacturer Faraday are very good).

American ACS

The equipment of Russian special forces has become more advanced in recent years, but it still does not fully satisfy military personnel either in terms of quality or quantity. In this area, the Americans have gone far ahead; the ACU field uniform model developed by CRYE does not restrict movement and has ergonomic pockets. In general, she is just what you need for a fight. The sewn-in knee pads and elbow pads are very successful, and flame-retardant textile materials are used.

The stand-up collar fits tightly around the neck, preventing dust from getting under the jacket. The pockets are sewn at an angle to make it easier to remove items hidden there.

Russian special forces fighters like this kind of forethought. Our uniforms are sewn taking into account foreign experience.

Russian analogues

It should be noted that the US defense budget is several times greater than the funding allocated to the Russian Defense Ministry. Today, American special forces equipment seems to be the most convenient and versatile, but it also costs accordingly. Nevertheless, the purchase of the most necessary components for military units special purpose They do RA themselves, knowing that the success of the operation, and sometimes their very life, often depends on the equipment.

Thus, the best fit for our conditions is the “A-C-U” cut (translated as “army combat uniform”) in the “surpat” coloring, developed by Russian designers taking into account the color scheme appropriate to our climate. “Multikam” camouflage was created in the USA for mountain-desert conditions.

Unloading

Modern full equipment special forces is impossible without the main means of bulletproof protection - body armor. It consists of two main types of elements, armor plates and a cover containing them, a kind of “sleeveless vest” with large pockets on the back and chest. In addition, the body armor is used for attaching pouches, additional equipment and accessories. The fighter knows in which compartment he has what, it is convenient for him to get machine gun magazines, grenades and other necessary things in battle.

Special forces "fashion"

It is difficult for an uninitiated TV viewer to even guess how complex the special forces equipment is. The photo of soldiers of special forces units amazes with the multitude of mounted pouches, built-in technical means and devices. Basically, all this is fixed on the so-called “unloading”, which frees up the hands and reduces the weight of the backpack, and at the same time protects the fighter. According to the latest “fashion”, it should be modular, that is, consist of several functional elements.

What will the new special forces equipment be like? Maybe Russian inventors and designers will be able to surprise the whole world with their achievements in this area?

What does the Military Pathfinder EDC* contain?

John Hurt of TYR Group talks about his gear.

*EDC = (Everyday carry - literally “worn every day”. That is, this is not an EMERGENCY supply, but a regular set to ensure your work - approx.)

A scouting party must travel as lightly as possible, but everyone in it carries the right equipment to survive on the battlefield. In order for the Pathfinder and his team to successfully complete their combat mission, mobility becomes a key factor. The scout's ability to respond to the enemy is reduced when he is burdened with a heavy load, causing physical/mental fatigue and putting the "pathfinder" in danger of having to react quickly to enemy contact.

The Pathfinder's combat load is critical to the need to work, fight and survive in the environment that surrounds him. He cannot rely on a general set for all possible contingencies or combat missions; his “unloading” must be based on his specific mission and the ability to remain mobile, but maintain combat effectiveness. When choosing equipment, you need to choose those items that are lightweight and multifunctional. The combat load should be light so that the “pathfinder” remains alert, agile and careful.

The equipment required for the mission is divided into 3 categories:

Level 1: Describes uniforms and personal items. These are elements of the uniform, boots, belt, tags, compass, tourniquet and any other survival items carried by the fighter personally.

Level 2: Describes the payload carried by the Pathfinder, which must not exceed 48 pounds. This is the scout's personal weapons, ammunition and equipment for carrying it.

Level 3: Describes the cruise load for long operations, which should not exceed 72 pounds (32.7 kg - approx.) (including combat load).

Level 1

1. Camouflage jacket. Must have a 1-inch panel for an infrared identification friend or foe tag (hereinafter referred to as the “IFF tag”).

2. Camouflage headdress. The IFF tag is placed on the top of the gear to facilitate identification of the fighter from the air.

3. Signaling devices. Phoenix IR-15 is a programmable transmitter with a 9V battery for indicating your own position at night and a 10 * 10 inch signal fabric panel cut from VS-17 fabric. This panel is used as a signal recognition device to communicate with other ground elements of the group.

4. Identification Tags.

5. SAR Eclipse signaling device. SAR offers a very compact device that has been tested and proven to be effective at a range of 10 miles in sunlight.

6. INOVA Microlight. This small flashing beacon operates in the white, green, blue and red spectrum and is ideal for signaling or checking maps at night.

7. Signal Mirror. In addition to being able to signal, camouflage your face, or shave, a signal mirror is also a good way to manipulate light to see details or marks.

8. Whistle. The whistle is very convenient when you have to relay commands to other friendly group members while shooting.

9. Magnetic compass. While a GPS is an important piece of equipment, it will never take the place of a good compass.

10. Camouflage pants.

11. Trouser belt.

12. Lighter.

13. Notepad. This notebook contains information obtained during the mission, along with a map of the area.

14. Map, protractor and pencil.

15. Field repair kit. For quick restoration of uniforms in case of damage (patches, fastex, etc. - approx.)

16. Diet. Must contain high energy foods.

17. Shoes.

Level 2

1. Load Bearing Equipment (LBE). In this case it is the MAV Tactical Tailor, with a split front panel.

3. Shops. The “unloading” should contain only the main ammunition - no more.

4. Electrical tape. For connecting various parts in the field.

5. Colored electrical tape. For marking based on the last known characteristic.

6. GPS. GPS is an important piece of equipment that can track a squad's route and give an accurate location. However, I wouldn't rely heavily on battery-powered technology. If you don't know your location, keep your GPS turned off to extend battery life.

7. Flashlight with IR attachment. For signaling to friendly forces.

8. Multitool. They are great for small repair work and usually have a knife, a flathead and Phillips screwdriver, a can opener and pliers.

9. Spare batteries. In quantities sufficient for all your equipment for the period of operation. When choosing equipment, be guided by equipment that requires the same type of batteries as the one you have. AA batteries are compact and besides, they can be found anywhere in the world.

10. Gun oil and shaving brush. A bottle of oil to protect and lubricate your gear is essential in any environment. The shaving brush is also useful when cleaning equipment from dust and debris.

11. Ruler ( measuring device). For taking measurements or demonstrating scale when shooting.

12. Headlamp. A good thing for moments when you need to keep both hands free - for example, searching a prisoner.

13. 550 paracord. 25-30 feet of paracord can be used to repair, tie, or secure various items.

14. Knife sharpener. It is very important, since a dull knife has no use.

15. Camouflage Face Paint.

16. Water bottles.

17. Knife. A multifunctional knife, with a blade at least 6 inches long (~ i.e. about 15 cm - and it should be noted that this is one of the signs of a bladed weapon according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, so be careful - approx.). The knife should be heavy, sharp, and versatile enough to be used for home construction, various survival tasks, or for combat use. The knife in the photo above is the result of a joint development between the author of the article and knifemaker Jeff Crowner.

18. Smoke grenade. For camouflage or signaling.

19. Fragmentation grenade. Take at least 2 frag grenades with you on patrol.

20. Individual first aid kit. This kit provides the necessary equipment to help yourself or a comrade and addresses the two leading causes of death on the battlefield, extremity hemorrhage and airway obstruction. Kit linked above includes: tourniquet, 2 elastic bandages, 4-1/2" gauze dressings, adhesive tape, nasopharyngeal catheter, 4 pairs of sterile gloves, 2 Pri-Med gauze dressings, EMS scissors, bandage and cleaning tablets water.

21. Protective Gloves. Used to camouflage and protect hands from cuts.

22. Mag-Lite Flashlight/Blast Match Lighter. Mag-Lite is necessary for reconnaissance at night. The Blast Match is another great all-weather survival tool that can be used with one hand in case of injury.

23. Rifle. The rifle is issued. Contrary to popular belief, soldiers and law enforcement officers do not choose their weapon system or caliber of weapon. No matter what type of weapon he is issued, the operator must be an expert in its use.

24. Weapon Accessories. Optical sights or red dots may be required for the mission depending on the METT-T. Additionally, a laser designator/barrel flashlight would be nice to have for night operations.

Level 3

1. Backpack. This is the piece of equipment in which the "pathfinder" carries all his equipment on long outings. The size of the backpack is dictated by the amount of supplies needed by the fighter for the entire time when supply from outside is not possible. The estimated time for the operation, the terrain and weather conditions in which one will have to work - all these factors must be considered by the “pathfinder” when packing a backpack.

2. Dry rations. It is necessary to have a reserve of at least 48-72 hours.

3. 3-liter hydration pack. The Scout needs enough water to remain in formation throughout the entire operation, or until a suitable water source is located (or supplies are obtained). Water is consumed from the hydration pack first. If for any reason the hydration pack is dropped during an operation, the fighter must always have a full canteen on his LBE.

4. Carlton's CAT PAWS ("cat's paws"). CAT Paws are a great item for a "tracker" to cover their tracks.

5. VIPER Cape. The VIPER camouflage hood breaks up the visual silhouette of the human head and shoulders. The best side VIPER is that it performs its functions without blocking access to equipment, and without preventing the fighter from reaching the pockets on his LBE.

6. Large trash bag. For waterproofing or for storing debris during surgery.

7. Weapon cleaning kit. This kit should be able to support your weapon in the field. At a minimum, the kit should contain a dismountable cleaning rod with various attachments (bristle brush, visors, etc.), a flat-head screwdriver, rivets, lubricant, an optical brush and a universal brush.

8. Night vision device. The device will be required when performing operations at night.

9. Spare Magazines. Three additional loaded magazines.

10. Binoculars. Should be used whenever possible to detect an enemy from a distance. It also provides a wider field of view than a monocular or riflescope.

11. VS-17 Panel. The VS17 can be deployed on the ground to identify troop positions from friendly aircraft or to determine where assistance is needed.

12. E-Tool. The E-Tool is a lightweight collapsible shovel that can be used for digging or chopping.

13. Hammock. Depending on the operational environment, a hammock can be essential to staying dry while sleeping at night.

14. Repair kit for uniforms and equipment. It should include thread, needles and pins.

15. Personal hygiene kit. Minimum hygiene items such as nail clippers, toothbrush, toothpaste and a small wash cloth.

16. Compression or waterproof bag.

17. Tent-basha. It should be large enough to shelter a fighter, or be used as a makeshift stretcher to transport a casualty.

18. Bedding. Depending on the conditions, it can vary from sleeping bags with a mat (karemat) to extreme temperatures, up to a poncho liner for more tropical climates.

19. Gore-Tex bivy bag. Bivy provides waterproof, breathable cover that protects against wind, snow and rain.

20. Elastic cords (ties). For quickly packing items such as awnings.

21. 550 paracord. 25-30 feet of paracord can be used to repair, tie, or secure various items.

22. Spare socks. Monitoring your feet is a must! Dry, clean socks will help prevent blisters, calluses and mildew.

Once again, when deciding on gear, choose items that are lightweight and multi-functional. The combat load should be light so that the “pathfinder” remains alert, agile and careful.

Note from It's Tactical Editor-in-Chief: John (John Hurth) is a retired American special forces soldier who was assigned to the 1st SOF group at Fort Lewis, Washington. During his service, he took part in several business trips abroad, which included two military campaigns in support of global war with terror. He now puts his years of experience to use as the owner and lead instructor of TYR Group, where he and his staff provide training in a variety of surveillance techniques.

Today it is difficult to find truly high-quality uniforms. In most cases, you have to deal with dubious variants originating from China.

The form looks quite beautiful, and it is almost impossible to distinguish it from the original. However, as soon as such attributes appear in “field” conditions, quality takes precedence over visual superiority - it simply gives in.

For the military, every little detail is very significant, especially important is physical mobility and a number of direct tactical, defensive and protective functions that become possible thanks to special clothing.

Uniforms are issued to military units, including the foreign intelligence agency represented by the GRU special service. This is a form of special purpose, which must be functional, convenient and practical.

Nowadays it is not uncommon to see reports on television channels, articles in the media, and Internet programs about various special forces.

People ignorant of this issue can simply comment on the appearance of the fighters like this - they are all the same: camouflage, berets, vests... But this is only at first glance.

All uniforms have historically established features. In addition to everyday quality, the military uniform of the GRU special forces, both in the old days and to this day, is not only facilitates the service, but also protects its own owner.

The protective function allows a person, when performing official duties, to be protected from the effects of negative natural factors. Tactical clothing for GRU special forces also helps minimize accidents and the risk of unpredictable situations.

Types of clothing, styles

As a rule, the entire variety of uniforms of law enforcement agencies is focused on its classification according to seasonality:

• summer;
• winter

You can also notice the division of the form according to its direct application:

• Types of clothing for field activities. Used in combat. As a rule, the field uniform of the GRU special forces is accompanied by its use in the most difficult moments of service, therefore, special requirements are placed on it.
• Front door- ideal for presenting military and state awards, as well as special honors, and performing a guard of honor. You can't do without it on special days and weekends.
• Casual uniform. Applies in all other cases.

The ceremonial and demobilization uniform of the GRU special forces looks like in this photo:

Thanks to the high-quality uniform, the fighter is comfortable and comfortable even during unexpected combat missions.

For men

The variety of shapes and colors of clothing used by GRU units is mostly inherited from the USSR period. The main ones can be listed:

• "Amoeba". The most durable example of camouflage, the history of which goes back to 1935. At one time it was the basis of the developments of Soviet designers of military uniforms. It has currently been finalized and various variations are available.
• "Deciduous Forest"- an ideal option for military camouflage fabric. The uniform underwent a “baptism of fire” and served the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War well. Patriotic War 1942
• "Silver Leaf"(“Sunny bunnies” or). Sketches of this sample were created back in the 50s.
• VSR-93, or folk “Vertical”(based on the vertical stripes on the form). The shape of the field character allows you to effectively merge with the surrounding background.
• VSR-98 "Flora". In wider military circles it is known as the “Watermelon” camouflage because of the stripes. This option is basic for special forces. In addition to its specific color, it has excellent camouflage characteristics, suitable for the central part of Russia.
• “Digital flora” or “Russian digital”. These are innovative developments of a new summer and winter uniform for special forces soldiers of the GRU, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB, which was developed by V. Yudashkin (Russian fashion designer).

Are you interested in knowing what the requirements are for? There are also certain rules and requirements for it.

Find out what materials safety split-leaf gaiters for welders are made from here.

What features does a black special forces uniform have and what requirements it must meet, read this.

For women

Military special uniform for women is created based on the male version, taken as a basis. At the same time, all the basic principles of reliability, comfort and resistance to any weather conditions are saved.

The women's version of GRU special forces clothing is stand-up and has a special sizing chart intended exclusively for women. The jacket-shirt has a large number of necessary pockets. The pockets are presented with a straight version with Velcro.

Convenience is achieved by the fact that in the summer there is always you can roll up your sleeves. On the back of the pants there are reflective meshes that allow you to move without fear of getting dirt and perform a ventilation function.

What the GRU special forces uniform looks like for men and women, look at the photo:

In order for the item to retain its presentability and last as long as possible, you will need to follow the recommendations for washing it (look at the label).

Storage rules and care

Absolutely any uniform, regardless of its area of ​​application needs special care. Due to daily wear, persistent stains appear on the uniform.

Before you start washing the GRU uniform, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the recommendations indicated on the product. In this case, woolen products need to be hand washed in warm water or in washing machine with the choice of the most gentle mode. Because of high temperature water, the material can “shrink”, so things will decrease by 1-2 sizes. And don’t forget about spinning, which is absolutely “contraindicated.”

The most problematic to clean are police, military and GRU uniforms.

Mistakes in care can simply ruin it, which will entail a sufficient amount of trouble, which may even lead to an official reprimand.

Everyday uniforms can be cleaned in any mode - it can withstand exposure to any temperature and detergents.

Given the high degree of contamination, these clothes are made from the strongest fibers. Even with the best wishes of the owner, dry cleaning the dress uniform would still be the best option, since attempts at home can only damage the dress uniform and lead to irreversible consequences.

If for a civilian a beret is an ordinary headdress, which, in principle, is more popular among women, then for military personnel a beret is not just component uniform, but a symbol. Currently, each branch of the Russian Armed Forces has its own beret. Headdresses differ not only in color, but also in the rules and rights of wearing them. Therefore, not everyone knows the difference between, for example, the GRU special forces beret and the headgear of the Marines.

The first mentions of army headdress

The very first army berets appeared at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries in England and Scotland. Then the warriors wear special hats that look like a beret. However, the mass distribution of such a headdress began only during the First World War. The first to wear them were soldiers of tank and mechanized units of the French army.

Next, the baton for the introduction of such an element of clothing was taken by Great Britain. With the advent of tanks, the question arose of what a tank driver should wear, because the helmet was very uncomfortable, and the cap was too bulky. Therefore, it was decided to introduce the black beret. The color was chosen on the basis that tankers are constantly working and are near equipment, and black soot and oil are not visible.

The appearance of the beret in the army

During World War II, such hats became even more popular, especially among the Allied troops. US Special Forces soldiers noted the following conveniences of these hats:

• First of all, they hid the hair well;
• Dark colors were not visible in the dark;
• The berets were warm enough;
• He could wear a helmet or helmet.

Accordingly, some types and branches of the British and US troops adopted a headdress as one of the main elements of uniform. In the Soviet army, this element of clothing began to appear in the early sixties, as the main attribute of the landing force and special forces. Since then, the rules and wearing of such hats have remained virtually unchanged.

What does the special forces take?

At the end of the 20th century, berets became an integral part of the everyday and ceremonial uniforms of the armies of many countries. Almost every defense-capable state has elite special units, which have their own unique headdress:

1. The mountain infantry detachments of the French armed forces, the Alpine Chasseurs, wear a dark blue beret of sufficiently large diameter.
2. Elite Foreign Legion Characterized by headdresses of a light green hue.
3. French naval special forces are distinguished by wearing a green beret.
4. German airborne troops and reconnaissance units wear maroon berets, but with different emblems on it.
5. The Royal Netherlands Marines are distinguished by wearing dark blue elements of their uniform, while paratroopers wear burgundy headdresses.
6. The British SAS special forces have been wearing beige caps since the mid-forties of the last century, and the Marine Corps have been wearing green caps.
7. US Rangers are recognizable by the same color as British Special Forces - beige.
8. US Special Forces have worn green berets since 1961, which is how they got their nickname.

You may notice that most NATO member countries have identical color schemes for their hats. As for the shape, all armies have it round, and differ only in size.

Distribution in the USSR Armed Forces

In 1967, an updated uniform was adopted for the Airborne Forces. Famous Soviet artist A.B. Zhuk submitted a proposal for consideration by General V.F. Margelov to use crimson hats as an attribute of paratroopers, referring to the use of such hats in other countries of the world. The commander agreed and the beret was approved. For privates and sergeants, there was an emblem in the form of an asterisk, which was attached to the front center of the beret, and on the right was a blue flag, and for officers a cockade was provided.

A year later, a blue beret was adopted for paratroopers, since the leadership considered that it more symbolizes the color of the sky. Concerning Marine Corps, then black color was approved for this type of troops. Black berets were also used by tank crews, but not as the main gear, but during maintenance and repair of equipment to protect their heads from dirt.

The difference between the uniform of the GRU special forces and other branches of the military

Special forces developed with the Airborne Forces simultaneously and due to similar specifics And The application and task profile of these troops, their uniforms were identical. The special forces soldiers wore exactly the same uniform as the paratroopers. Outwardly, it is very difficult to distinguish who is standing in front of you: a special forces soldier or an airborne soldier. After all, the color, the shape, and the cockade itself are the same. However, the GRU had one caveat.

In Soviet times, special forces soldiers primarily wore blue berets and airborne uniforms in training units or in parades. After training centers soldiers were assigned to combat units, which could be carefully disguised as other types of troops. This was especially true for those who were sent to serve abroad.

Instead of a blue and white vest, beret and lace-up boots, the soldiers were given the usual combined arms uniform, for example, like tank crews or signalmen. So we could forget about berets. This was done in order to hide the presence of the special forces from the eyes of the enemy. Thus, for the GRU, the blue beret is a ceremonial headdress and only in those cases when it is allowed to be worn.

The GRU special forces beret is not just a type of headdress and an integral part of the uniform, but a symbol of valor and courage, honor and nobility, the right to wear which is not given to everyone, even the most experienced and courageous warrior.

Video: how do they pass the standards for a maroon beret?

In this video, Pavel Zelennikov will show how the special forces elite receives an olive and maroon beret: