Where do penguins live - in the Arctic or Antarctic, what do they eat? Polar bears in Antarctica and penguins at the North Pole Where do penguins live in the Arctic or Antarctica

I decided to resolve two known issues. Many people who have not delved into the details often get confused and say that there are penguins in Antarctica, but there are polar bears in Antarctica. In reality, Antarctica's nature is poorer. Rich undersea world, and on land there is a kingdom of birds, and sometimes pinnipeds climb out onto the ice to rest. If a polar bear had been brought in for acclimatization, it would have taken root here quite well, but the number of penguins would have decreased significantly - they find salvation on land, but now they will not have shelter. Many people are concerned about the question: can they live without ice?

Of course yes! Only its population will decrease significantly. On the coast of Hudson Bay, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, in the 60s of the last century, a colony of polar bears was discovered. They spend most of their time in the ice, hunting seals, but when the ice melts, they move inland and feed on molting birds and their eggs. Naturally, it is difficult for them to survive on such food and most They take energy from their accumulated fat reserves. Life always tries to survive, and the bear is a very adaptable creature. So, I am confident that the bear population will not die, but rather will be greatly reduced as a result of warming.

Now let's talk about penguins. These birds live mainly on the coast of Antarctica and in the southern hemisphere they are distributed along places where cold currents pass. Their northernmost habitat is the Galapagos Islands at the equator. But few people know that an analogue of penguins lived in the Arctic - the great auk.

Great auk (Pinguinus impennis)

These birds inhabited the northern islands by the thousands. People first killed them for food and eggs with ordinary clubs, then simply melted them for fat in huge cauldrons. First they were destroyed everywhere in Europe, then on the Atlantic coast of America. The last auks lived on rocky islands near Iceland, but in 1844 they were completely destroyed and wiped off the face of the Earth.

Is it possible to acclimatize penguins in the north? There have been such attempts. In the 1930s, they tried to acclimatize king penguins in the fjords of the Lofontaine Islands. But the experiment was unsuccessful: after twenty years the population disappeared. In 1966, 50 penguins were released at the North Pole to observe them. How surprised the scientists were when they discovered one penguin some time later near the Antarctic Mirny station. Theoretically, penguins can be settled on the coast of the northern islands, but the next question is: will there be enough food for them? Due to intensive fishing by ocean trawlers, many bird markets disappeared or greatly decreased in size. So let the penguins reign in Antarctica for now, before the states of the whole world begin to divide it in half.

They live only in Antarctica, have a tailcoat and are very clumsy. Is it really? Where do penguins live besides Antarctica? Let's figure it out. Let us immediately determine that the question of where the penguin lives has a broad answer: in Southern Hemisphere. If you determine its habitat in this way, then the error is eliminated. In addition, you need to keep in mind that there are many penguins: sixteen species. Naturally, they occupy different territories. Let's look at individual species.

Which of them lives in Antarctica?

In the snowy expanses you can find emperor penguin. This is the most close-up view. They reach a height of 120 cm. They swim very well, but do not like to be far from the shore (this applies to all species of these birds). It must be said that this is the place where some birds live that are taboo. The Chinstrap penguin also lives here. His distinguishing feature- “helmet” on the head. This is a peculiar color of plumage, which is a dark-colored cap, with a leash going from it to the neck. What is more interesting is not where a penguin of a given species lives, but how it reproduces. It turns out that these frost-resistant birds hatch their chicks in the coldest times, warming the eggs with their bodies. Mom and dad, replacing each other on the most important watch, touchingly take care of their offspring. Most penguins hatch only one chick. This is where the most known species- Adele. After D'Urville met this bird, Europeans became interested in the question of where the penguin lives. The fact is that this Frenchman was the first to describe this amazing species.

Where do penguins live besides Antarctica?

These birds can be found on almost all islands where the temperate climate. On pieces of sushi formed into nests king penguins. They are decorated orange spots, resembling quotation marks, located on the neck. The bird adjacent to the royal relative has a white stripe on the crown.

She was named the Gentoo penguin, although she has nothing to do with these tribes. Although they are also found on the Antarctic Peninsula, they prefer a more temperate climate. The Humboldt penguin lives in Peru. It was discovered and studied by a German geographer, after whom the bird is named. These representatives of birds have a horseshoe on the back of their heads white. It must be said that all penguins differ from each other visually, having certain features characteristic only of this species.

Where do white penguins live?

Among the diversity of these birds, some are distinguished by their grandeur, others by their size, and others by their unusual plumage. Thus, in the east of New Zealand there is a white-winged penguin. Top part its body is covered with a bluish feather, the lower part is snow-white. And in the area of ​​the Chatham Islands a baby nests, whose height does not exceed forty centimeters. This is a blue penguin.

Habitat Africa

When studying where the penguin lives, one cannot help but pay attention to the hot continent. Do not be surprised! Africa also shelters representatives of this feathered diversity. Lives there donkey penguin. They named him so for his voice, very similar to the cry of the prototype animal. You can see it only in the northernmost territories of the continent. The screamer does not nest anywhere else. The Galapagos Islands have embraced another species. There is the homeland of the penguin representative of the same name. Moreover, his relatives do not lay claim to these territories. is the rightful owner of the islands.

Unusual birds

There are a number of penguins that stand out as being completely "unconventional" appearance. So, the crested one is the owner of golden “hair”. It has many yellowish feathers on its head. He also lives on the islands. The description of his movements is interesting. Unlike the rest of his brothers, he does not know how to walk. When walking, it pushes off with both paws and dives like a soldier. Therefore, he earned the title “rock jumper.” grew even more hair. It covers him up to his back. Widely distributed: from Antarctica to the Indian and Atlantic zones Southern Ocean. The resident Schlegel penguin resembles him. Only under his golden hair they flaunt

white sides. Three species of penguins with crests breed in New Zealand. They differ in size, but are generally similar to each other. On their heads there are “Iroquois” feathers.

Where can you see birds?

It is already clear that in order to study the habits various penguins, you need to travel to the Southern Hemisphere. Don't get confused. These birds do not live in the Arctic (they have never been seen there). Their distribution area is the area near the South Pole. To study this type of bird you will have to go to Australia, New Zealand or South Africa. And then develop a route in accordance with the goals and objectives defined for the expedition. See all views small area will not work. Penguins do not like to travel long distances. They live in a “ancestral” place, determined, so to speak, historically. Sheltered the most species New Zealand. There you can also look at the extraordinary yellow-eyed penguin, nicknamed Magnificent.

Do birds live in captivity?

If you are interested in zoos, then you know: penguins exist and breed there very well. An interesting fact has been established.

When scientists asked how long penguins live, it turned out that captivity contributes to the length of their life. That is, in nature, birds die faster. Most likely, this is due to difficult living conditions, difficulties in obtaining food, and many enemies in natural areas. Now special nurseries are being created, the purpose of which is to recreate the numbers of those populations that reach a critical level due to human progress. If birds are protected from natural predators, the survival rate of the offspring increases significantly. Thus, scientists have calculated that only half of the hatched chicks survive to one year. If you take into account the loss of eggs, then twenty percent. However, the species live and reproduce well. Apparently, the main task of man is not to interfere with penguins decorating the planet with their beautiful diversity.

Where do polar bears and penguins live (game lesson)

Goals: 1. To form an idea of ​​the diversity of the Earth’s nature;

• 2. Introduce the cold regions of the earth - the North and South Poles, and the fauna of these regions;
• 3. Make an applique from cut threads, instill neatness;
• 4. Develop curiosity, cultivate love for all living things.

Equipment: 1. Globe;

• 2. Drawings of nature and wildlife of the Arctic Ocean, Antarctica;
• 3. Flower - seven flowers;
• 4. Application sample; bear patterns;
• 5. Each student has a cardboard blue color, wool threads white, PVA glue, scissors, red and green signal cards.

Explanatory note

This integrated lesson on the surrounding world was conducted in 1st grade in the third quarter in January according to a thematic plan.

The entire lesson is built in the form of a travel game with the help of the Seven-Color Flower. Tearing off flower petals, children find themselves where polar bears and penguins live; at the same time they recite verses from the fairy tale: “Fly, fly petal, through the west and east, through the north, through the south, come back after making a circle. As soon as you touch the ground, we have to do it our way!” Form of work - choral practice. Repetition of covered material carried out in the form games“Yes - no” using signal cards. Getting to know new material goes through teacher's story, textbook work and in Workbook, through practical work - making an applique of a polar bear from cardboard and woolen threads, which helps to activate children’s attention, interest in the subject, and develops creative independence. For consolidation of the studied material during the lesson conversation about where they visited, what they saw and learned. Bottom line is given in the form assignments for logical thinking : “Do polar bears hunt penguins?” If the children answered this question and justified their answer, then the lesson achieved its goals.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

Today we will go on a journey, visit the coldest regions of our Earth, find out where polar bears and penguins live. But first, WARM UP.

II. Game "Yes - No"

Previously studied material is repeated in the form of a game.

Children have signal cards: a green circle means the answer is “Yes”, a red circle means “No”.

Guys, now we will play the “YES - NO” game. I will read the sentences, if you agree with what they say, then raise a green circle, if you disagree, raise a red one.

The teacher reads the sentences:

• - Were you adults in the past? (No)
• - Is the present what is happening now? (Yes)
• - Will Saturday come after Friday? (Yes)
• - Is the first day of the week Tuesday? (No)
• - Between Wednesday and Friday - Thursday? (Yes)
• - Will summer come after spring? (Yes)
• - December, January, February are winter months? (Yes)
• - Is there spring before winter? (No)
• - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday - are these months? (No)
• - After autumn comes winter? (Yes)

If there was an incorrect sentence, then the children correct it, for example:

- Were you adults in the past? (No, we were kids in the past.)

III. Working on a new topic

• - Children, let's look at the board and remember the topic of the lesson ( Where do polar bears and penguins live?)
• - And Tsvetik, the seven-flowered flower, will help us find out about this.
• (A flower with petals is attached to the magnetic board)

One student comes to the board, tears off a petal, and everyone says:

Fly, fly petal,

Through west to east,

Through the north, through the south,

Come back after making a circle.

As soon as you touch the ground,

Let's do it our way!

The teacher continues:

• - Order to be where the polar bears live!
• (Children close their eyes, the teacher opens one half of the board, where pictures of northern nature and fauna are posted)
• - Where are we? There is snow and ice all around, it is very cold here. ( In the north)
• “We urgently need to arm ourselves with everything we need.” Look at task 1 page 31 in the Workbook and tell me what we need? ( Hat, jacket, mittens; skis and snowmobiles are useful for transportation)
• - There is a very cold region on Earth - this is the Northern Arctic Ocean. Most of it is constantly covered with ice and snow (Teacher shows the Arctic Ocean on the globe and on the map). The North Pole is located in this region of the Earth. (Shown on the globe)
• - Look at page 72 of the textbook, who is meeting us? (Students look at the drawings and read the names of animals: walrus, seal, cod, skua, polar bear)

The teacher talks about polar bears:

Polar bears live in the Far North, beyond the Arctic Circle, among eternal ice and snow - on the islands and the cold coast of the Arctic Ocean. This is the largest, strongest and most powerful animal from the bear family. It weighs about 700 kg, and the length of its body reaches three meters.

Polar bears are covered from head to toe with thick white fur. Fur even grows on the pads of their paws, so animals move quickly and easily on snow and ice. Bear fur perfectly retains body heat. Thanks to their thick undercoat, they are not afraid of even the most severe frosts.

Polar bears are excellent swimmers and can stay in the water for hours. Water does not penetrate under their fur coat, and therefore, even in frost, they remain dry and are not afraid of any cold. Bears bathe in icy water in the most severe frosts. They swim well, dive and often take long walks, moving tens of kilometers from land into the open sea. The polar bear spends a lot of time on floating ice floes, wanders along the shores and only occasionally goes inland.

The favorite food of polar bears is seals, fish, seaweed, bird eggs, and arctic foxes.

Polar bears winter in a den made of ice. In November or December, the mother bear digs a deep den in the snow. After 1-2 months, two or three babies are born, who sleep with her in a warm den until spring. Polar bear cubs remain with their mother for about two years after birth. All this time she feeds them and takes care of them.

VI. Practical work

Now we will try to make our own polar bears.

The teacher demonstrates a sample application, and the order of work is determined:

• 1. Trace the silhouette of the bear according to the template onto blue cardboard.
• 2. Take white woolen threads and wrap them around the fingers of your left hand (if the child is left-handed, then he wraps them around the fingers of his right hand).
• 3. Remove the threads from your fingers and cut into pieces no more than 1 cm long.
• 4. Cover the bear with glue and apply cut threads. Work carefully.
• 5. The thick wool is ready, all that remains is to glue the eye and nose on top
• - How to do it? ( Cut out small circles from black paper and glue them)

The students who completed the appliqué before others begin to do task 2 in the Workbook page 31. They find the differences in the drawings. The job is then verified.

VII. Physical minute

1. The cubs lived with their mother, 2. I’m not afraid of frost,

They turned their heads. I will become close friends with him.

That's it, that's it! (Movements) The frost will come to me,

They waddled, he touched his hand, touched his nose.

And they drank water from the sea. (Show hand, nose)

That's it, that's it! (Movements) So, you must not yawn,

And then they danced, jumped, ran and played

They raised their paws together. (Movements)

That's it, that's it! (Movements)

VIII. Working from the textbook

Reading students read aloud the text on page 72 of the textbook in a chain. bear penguin antarctica arctic

The teacher asks questions about the content of what was read:

• - What are the cold regions of the Earth called? ( Arctic Ocean and Antarctica)
• - What covers most of the Arctic Ocean? ( Ice and snow)
• - Which pole is located in this cold region of the Earth? ( North Pole)
• - So, guys, at which pole do polar bears live? ( On the North)
• - There are two poles on Earth: North and South. (The teacher shows the poles on the globe) The region of the Earth where the South Pole is located is called Antarctica. Guys, do you think it will be necessary to take off our warm clothes if we end up at the South Pole, in Antarctica? ( No, because it's cold there too)

And now Tsvetik - seven-colored will help us find ourselves in Antarctica!

The poem “Fly, fly petal...” is read again in chorus, the student tears off another petal and the teacher pronounces a wish:

Get our class to the South Pole!

At this time, the children close their eyes, and the teacher closes one and opens the second half of the board, where paintings depicting the nature and animal world of Antarctica hang.

• - What region of the Earth are we in? ( In Antarctica)
• - What animals live here? Are they familiar to you? ( Children recognize penguins immediately)

On page 73 of the textbook, children read the text and get acquainted with the animal world of Antarctica. The teacher talks in detail about penguins:

They huddle close to the shore in the bitter cold.

The blizzard builds blue cities.

The wind rushes through the snow like a dog,

Because the frost stings his nose.

Even the ice is not used to this weather,

And the ice continent is bursting at the seams.

And for the penguins, at least for the penguins:

They run out for a walk without a coat.

They don't care about frost or defrost:

Antarctica is a warm home for penguins.

In black tailcoats and white T-shirts all year round

These amazing people are walking around. ( G. Goppe)

Penguins are seabirds. They dive and swim well, getting their food: fish, crabs, crustaceans.

Penguins cannot fly because instead of wings they have flippers that help them swim.

Penguins are about a meter tall. The head and back are black with blue and green tints, and the feathers on the belly are dazzling white. When penguins come ashore, it seems that these are people leisurely walking in pairs and alone in smart black tailcoats. Penguins do not have down feathers, but they do have a thick layer of fat under their skin that protects them from severe frosts and winds.

It’s always cold in Antarctica: in summer there is no more than one degree of heat, and in winter it can be 60 degrees below zero. But even in such harsh conditions penguins hatch chicks.

At the height of the frost, the penguin lays one egg. Future parents greet the appearance of the egg with joyful cries, bowing and thanking each other. The father penguin then takes the egg and hides it in a fat fold on its abdomen. Now he will hold it on his flipper paws for two months, standing in the bitter cold and strong wind, hardly moving. All this time, the penguin eats nothing and lives only off the fat that it accumulated in the summer. Meanwhile, the mother penguin swims and dives into the sea, gaining fat.

But then a chick appears, and now its mother is raising it. It doesn't last long. As soon as the baby penguin gets on its feet, it is sent to the penguin kindergarten, where he will be among other penguins under the supervision of adult penguins. Meanwhile, parents will go to sea to get food for their babies.

• - What is the name of the region of the Earth where the South Pole is located? ( Antarctica)
• - What is the surface of this huge landmass covered with? ( Thick layer of ice)
• - What animals live here? ( Penguins)

IX. Lesson summary

• - The Wise Turtle has prepared a lot for you interest Ask. Let's read this question on page 73 of the textbook:
• - Do polar bears hunt penguins? ( No, because these animals live in different areas of the Earth)
• - What cold regions of the Earth have we learned about? (Arctic Ocean and Antarctica)
• - Which poles are located in these areas? ( North Pole and South Pole) Show on the globe.
• - Where do polar bears live? ( At the North Pole)
• - Where do penguins live? ( In Antarctica)
• - Our journey today has come to an end. How can we return home?

The student tears off another petal, and the children read the poem “Fly, fly petal...” in chorus, the teacher pronounces a wish:

Order our class to return home!

The children close their eyes, and the teacher, meanwhile, covers the other half of the board.

So we found ourselves at home in our class. We will still need the magic flower. It will help you find out where elephants live. But this will be the next trip and in another lesson “The World Around us”.

Thanks for your work in class!

A common belief: penguins and polar bears live wherever there is a lot of ice and snow. Although both species prefer extreme conditions, but in natural environment they do not live in the same territory. Polar bears liked the Arctic, which penguins did not like - they preferred Antarctica.

Polar bears have chosen the North Pole, and penguins have chosen the South Pole. Clubfoots like life associated with drifting ice. They would not have come to land at all if it were not for the period of raising babies. Bear cubs are born in dens on land, and as they grow up, they get used to life on floating ice.

The main “bear maternity hospitals” are located in the Arctic - on the island. Vrungel, Severnaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land. Male polar bears are eternal wanderers. They are excellent swimmers and can swim more than a hundred kilometers.

Around North Pole About 25 thousand individuals live. True, polar bears do not like sea pollution and global warming. These majestic beauties live near the northern shores of Eurasia and America on floating ice. They are also found in Russia, on the islands of the Arctic Ocean.

Some people wonder: could a polar bear live without ice? The answer to this question was given by nature itself, as well as to the question of where penguins and polar bears live. In the 60s, a colony of individuals was discovered on the coast of Hudson Bay (Canada). The bears spent most of their time on the ice, feeding on seals.

During the period when the ice melted, they went deep into the continent. Their food became molting birds and their eggs. But due to global warming, the population has almost halved in 10 years - from 1,600 to 900 individuals. Due to melting ice, the bears simply did not have enough of their usual food.

What will happen if penguins are eventually settled in the Arctic? According to the director of the Museum of the Arctic and Antarctic, Viktor Boyarsky, the population simply would not survive there - there is no ecological niche. For natural movement towards the Arctic, there are no currents that unite the North and South Pole. Tropical zone for penguins it is an insurmountable barrier.

The polar bear does not even look into the territory where the birds live. After all, there are no extensive floating ice with wormwood. And this is the main “love” of polar bears. Therefore, clubfoot from the Arctic would not survive in the habitats of penguins either. They would not be able to get their own food. And the nature of Antarctica is poorer, only the underwater world is rich. But polar bears have a chance to occupy these spaces. After all, the ice in Artik is gradually melting. In the northern part of Antarctica, on the contrary, they are increasing.

Penguins like the Southern Hemisphere. They can be found in Antarctica and on the islands adjacent to the continent. There are also penguin colonies in Peru, southern Brazil and even in Africa (southwest)! There are penguins in New Zealand and even in southern Australia. Counts 16 different types, all of them are perfectly adapted to water method life. True, they prefer different landscapes. Most people prefer the rocky surface, but some love it sandy beaches and thickets of grass. There are even colonies of penguins that prefer coastal forests.

There are many myths about penguins: that they create faithful “married” couples and waddle. There is also a lot of debate about where penguins live: in the Arctic or Antarctic. The last answer can be answered unequivocally - penguins live in Antarctica, or more precisely, Antarctica.

Antarctic

Antarctica is the southern polar part of the Earth. It consists of: the continent of Antarctica, the southern edges of three oceans:

• Quiet;
• Atlantic;
• Indian.

Area of ​​this area globe- 52.5 million kilometers. The seas here are very “stormy”; waves can reach 20 meters in height. The water always freezes in winter, surrounding Antarctica with a dense layer of ice ranging from 500 to 2 thousand kilometers wide. But in the summer everything changes dramatically, the ice moves north. Antarctica was first mentioned in 1502, when Amerigo Vespucci discovered several islands.

At its core, Antarctica is the polar part on the southern side of the Earth. Inside there is an ice continent, which is about 14 million square kilometers in size and 2 thousand meters high, but if there was no ice, the continent would not have such a height. The volcanic process does not stop to this day.

This ice, with a volume of 24 million cubic meters, is a 90% reserve fresh water the entire planet. According to rough calculations, if all this ice melts, the level of the World Ocean will rise by 60 meters.

Penguin habitats

The climate on the planet is constantly changing, and with Antarctica moving closer to south pole many mammals left this part of the earth, including most of the penguins.

So, where do penguins live - in the Arctic or Antarctic? Today, there are only 2 species of animals left in Antarctica:

1. Imperial looking.
2. Adele.

Almost all of the remaining species moved to the south. The royal species lives in the Southern Hemisphere, near Tierra del Fuego, in South Georgia, Kerguelen, and on the Sandwich Islands.

The crested species is found on the coast South America, in Tasmania and on the islands of the Subarctic. And on the southern coast of New Zealand there live the thick-billed and little penguins. A large penguin has settled on the Snar Islands.

The Galapagos Islands are home to 90% of the population of the penguin of the same name. The white-winged penguin has settled southern shores Australia, also found in New Zealand, in the south.

Where there is a cold current, in Namibia and South Africa lives spectacled view. The Humboldt penguin lives on the coasts of Peru and Chile.

These animals also live in other places, but not in the Arctic. Therefore, the question of where penguins live - in the Arctic or Antarctic - can be called rhetorical. After all, the Arctic is the very north of the Earth, where summer air temperatures do not rise above +10 °C.

Who are penguins?

Penguins belong to the family of flightless seabirds. There are 18 species in this family that are excellent divers and swimmers.

Their body structure is streamlined so that they can move easily in the water; their small wings are very muscular and act like propellers under water. These birds have a sternum on which the keel is clearly visible. The penguin's feet have webbed swimming, and on land the tail serves as additional support.

The feathers of the animal are more like hairs, and the belly of almost all individuals is white. While the animal sheds its feathers, it cannot swim, so the penguins must starve until new ones grow.

Even having answered the question: “Where do penguins live - in the Arctic or Antarctic?”, it still becomes clear that they live in quite harsh conditions. climatic conditions. Therefore, mammals have a thick fat layer (2-3 cm), and above it there are 3 more waterproof layers. Penguins have excellent vision in water, but are slightly myopic on land. The animals' ears are barely noticeable, like those of most birds, and during immersion in water they are covered with a dense layer of feathers.

Nutrition

It is interesting not only where penguins live - in the Arctic or Antarctic, and what these animals eat. Naturally, their diet consists of residents depths of the sea. First of all, this is fish, almost any that is found in the habitat (sardines, Antarctic silverfish, anchovies).

Knowing the answer to the question: “Where do penguins live - in the Arctic or Antarctic?”, and what they eat, we can also assume that their diet includes crustaceans. But these species have to feed more often, but spend less energy searching, diving and eating small crustaceans.

Conclusion

If you look at a photo of where penguins live - in the Arctic or Antarctic, you won’t immediately understand. In fact, these animals prefer moderate or tropical climate. In addition, they create not very faithful couples and may even steal each other’s children. Penguin chicks left without parents are usually not accepted by other penguins.