Robbery on the Sukhona River. Sukhona River: description, settlements, source, tributaries. History of the Sukhona River in the Vologda Region

Sukhona is the largest and most long river V Vologda region Russia, the left and main component of the Northern Dvina (right - South).
The name of the river is Slavic in origin, derived from *Sukhodna (cf. Sukhodon) - “(river) with a dry bottom”, or directly from *sukhъ “dry”, similar to Old Russian. sukhona “dryness, heat.”
Length - 558 km, basin area - 50,300 km². The Sukhona begins with two branches (the Sukhona itself and Bolshoi Puchkas) from Lake Kubenskoye, the flow from which is regulated by a dam with a shipping lock. In the upper reaches the floodplain is wide; due to minor slopes in the spring due to the backwater of the Vologda and Lezha rivers, a reverse flow into Lake Kubenskoye is observed. In the middle reaches, the depth of the valley is up to 80-100 m, the riverbed is replete with rifts; there are rapids and rocky islands; in the lower reaches the current speed is low.

Watercourse
Source
Kubenskoye Lake
. Height 110.1 m
. Coordinates 59°30′40″ N. w. 39°46′52″ E. d. (G) (O) (I) (T)
Estuary
Northern Dvina
. Location: confluence with the Yug River, Veliky Ustyug
. Height 50 m

Sukhona River
Hydrology, Sukhona River
The food is predominantly snowy. High water from April to mid-July. IN upper reaches Huge, sometimes many-kilometer-long spills are formed. The average water flow 39 km from the mouth is 456 m³/s, the highest is 6520 m³/s, the lowest is 17.6 m³/s. It freezes at the end of October - November, in the middle reaches and in December, and opens in the second half of April - the first half of May.

Main tributaries:
Pelshma, Dvinitsa, Strelitsa, Tsareva, Uftyuga, Upper and Lower Erga (left);
Vologda, Lezha, Ikhalitsa, Tolshma, Ledenga, Pechenga, Gorodishna, Strelna, Luzhenga (right).

Sukhona River
Water Register of Russia, Sukhona River
03020100112103000005023
Pool code 03.02.01.001
GI code 103000502
Volume GI 3
According to the State Water Register of Russia and the geoinformation system for water management zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation, prepared by the Federal Agency for Water Resources:
Basin District - Dvinsko-Pechora
River basin - Northern Dvina
River sub-basin - Malaya Northern Dvina
Water management area - Lake Kubenskoye and the Sukhona River from the source to the Kubensky hydroelectric complex
Code water body — 03020100112103000005023

Sukhona River, Opoki

Economic use
It is connected by the North Dvina system via the Sheksna River to the Volga. It is navigable along its entire length, but in summer sometimes navigation is interrupted due to low water in the lower reaches. Freight transportation on barges. Passenger transport has been completely absent since the mid-1990s due to its unprofitability and the extinction of coastal villages, especially in the upper reaches. In recent decades, the river waters have been heavily polluted by discharges from industrial enterprises in Vologda and pulp and paper mills and Sokol mills; a high phenol content is noted; it is not recommended to drink raw water from the river. The river bottom is covered with melted wood from decades of rafting. Work to widen the channel and deepen it is not carried out. Russian settlers appeared on the Sukhona in the 11th century.

Settlements
The cities of Sokol, Totma, and Veliky Ustyug are located on the Sukhona.

Along the Sukhona River, navigational guide for the Sukhona River

Length - 274 km. Number of walking days - 12. Seasonality - June - August. Difficulty category - I (diagram 54).

The route passes through the Vologda region. The Sukhona (length 562 km) flows from Lake Kubenskoye and, after merging with the Yug River, gives rise to the Northern Dvina (called the Malaya Northern Denna before its confluence with the Vychegda). This is a typical northern river with fast current, frequent shoals, riffles and wooded banks. The Sukhona can be divided into three characteristic sections: the upper one - from Lake Kubenskoye to the village of Shuiskoye (137 km), where the river flows slowly in a low-lying valley and has a width of up to 100-120 m; middle - from Shuisky to Totma (146 km), where the valley narrows, the banks rise to 9-10 m; then the meadows are gradually replaced by forest, the width of the river increases to 140-240 m, shoals and riffles appear, the flow becomes faster; the lower one - from Totma to the confluence with the South (279 km), where the valley narrows, the main banks approach the water and in some places reach a height of 80 m, the width of the river is 80-100 m, in some sections - 400 m.

Beautiful places Vologda region

In high water the Sukhona is navigable along its entire length, and in low water only in sections: from the source to Totma; from Totma to Nyuksenitsa; from Veliky Ustyug to the village of Opoki. River conditions have been established along the entire river, and along the shore every 5 km there are kilometer posts indicating the distance from the mouth. Access to the beginning of the route is from Vologda, located on the river of the same name, which flows 45 km into the Sukhona.
Vologda is the regional center of the RSFSR, one of the oldest cities in the North (XII century). It is recommended to visit the local history museum, the Kremlin, St. Sophia Cathedral of the 16th century, the bishop's chambers, the art gallery, the house of Peter I, the Prilutsky monastery of the 16th century and other monuments of ancient architecture. From Vologda take a boat to Totma (250 km), where the route begins.
Totma is an ancient city, in tsarist time served as a place of exile. Associated with the names of A.V. Lunacharsky, N.V. Shelgunov, V.G. Korolenko and others. In the city, an architectural monument of the 18th century is the Church of John the Baptist, a local history museum. Assembly of kayaks in the marina area.
Below Totma, the width of the Sukhona is 70-100 m, the river flows quickly in high, steep banks covered with pine and mixed forests. At the mouths of the right tributary - Ledengi and the left - Edengi there are small islands. Below the forest retreats, but behind the pier Kamchuga again approaches the shore. Gradually, the banks rise and in the area from Kochenga to Brusenets reach 30 m. The forest is heavily cut down, there are many villages. There are a number of rifts and shoals in the riverbed, follow the fairway.
Below Brusents, the forest again surrounds the river, the banks drop briefly. At the mouth of the left tributary, the Uftyugi, the height of the left bank is 26 m, near the village of Nyuksenitsa up to 55 m, and the height of the right bank is 25-35 m. The banks either drop or break off to the water itself, forming a long corridor. The current in these places is fast, and the shipping channel is narrow and winding. The steep slopes of the valley, made of sandstone, limestone, and marl, are exceptionally picturesque. Can't really blur it out hard rocks, Sukhona makes frequent turns. The banks are especially high and beautiful in the area of ​​the village of Porog and before reaching the right tributary - Strelna. Then they noticeably decrease. Behind the village of Priluki there is the Opoksky roll. The forest moves away. As you approach Veliky Ustyug, the population of the shores increases.
Veliky Ustyug, the regional center of the Vologda region, is located on the left hilly bank. The city has architectural monuments - the Church of the Ascension (XVII century), the Myrrh-Bearing Women (XVIII century), the Trinity-Gleden Monastery (XVII century), etc. Museum of Local Lore. The city is famous for its artistic crafts - wood and birch bark carving, silver plating.
It makes no sense to sail further along the Malaya Northern Dvina due to the intense traffic of ships, the large width of the river and uninteresting banks. It is better to take a boat or bus to Kotlas. If desired, the route can begin from the village of Shuisky, 146 km above Totma, where the Sukhona has already left the Prisukhonskaya lowland and flows in relatively high wooded banks. There are a lot of mushrooms and berries in the forests, and there is good fishing in the coastal lakes and the mouths of tributaries. It is better to stop at the mouths of tributaries, as the water in Suyaon is polluted, especially closer to the upper reaches. In 1975, it is planned to begin construction of the Veliky Ustyug hydroelectric station.

Sukhona River, history of the region, travel

Sukhona is one of the most beautiful rivers Russia and the largest river in the Vologda region. It is majestic, mysterious, and not very full of water. And full of surprises.

For the first sixty or seventy kilometers from the source it barely flows; The drop of water is no more than a centimeter per kilometer, as if the water was lying there, dozing and wondering where to go. Having made up her mind, she slowly moves southeast, to the lower reaches. Then the current suddenly speeds up and for the next two hundred kilometers it drops by seven meters. In the last two hundred and seventy kilometers before meeting the Yug River, opposite Veliky Ustyug, the river manages to drop another forty-nine meters. This is already fast!

This is where the river shows its character. On the steep bend of Opoka with high stone banks, the river bed becomes very rapid. The village on the right bank is called Threshold; Not far from it there is a creek - a parking lot for ships before testing. And then the Chermyaninsky furrows, over which the water seems to boil; Harrow Roll, where, at shallow depths, stone teeth of slate gleam, ready to tear even the iron bottom of a ship; the Popolzukha roll, the very name of which is more than clear, and finally, after a large wave over the smooth mud - wavy stone slabs - you can wipe the sweat from your forehead and land on the shore where the village of Vypolzovo is located... They crawled out, that means. Our ancestors were not without humor!

This is how the boats of the pioneers once dragged themselves through the rapids and rifts, whistling and even crawling, through dangerous shallow waters, where it is especially “dry” in the summer, at the height of travel and shipping, until they crawled out to more deep place to take a breath, as they say.
Probably, more than once or twice, the wide boats and props of our ancestors sat on the sharp stone rifts, and the shipmen jumped into the water to drag the ships to this very Creep.

Sukhona River
That’s probably how it was born - “where it’s dry,” that is, Sukhona. This is how the mockingly respectful name came from somewhere in the eleventh century, perhaps, and the not-everyone-understood name Sukhona with the emphasis on the first syllable has reached our days.

The second surprise, a kind of geographical paradox, occurs on the river near its very sources. These sources, as you know, are hidden somewhere very close to the long, trough-shaped Kubensky Lake. The lake was dug by an ancient glacier and is fed by rivers running from the north: Uftyuga, Itkloy, Kikhta and Kubena. Sukhona next to the lake is still barely moving, stands thoughtfully in the bays, sleeps among the endless meadows.

In the spring, while Lake Kubenskoye is covered with reliable ice and its surroundings are just swelling with melt water, to the south two large tributaries of the Sukhona - the Vologda and Lezha rivers - manage to open up and overflow. They help Sukhona break out her winter clothes and quickly fill them to the brim. The river is almost flush with the banks, but it can’t choose which way to flow. Either down, or up... Having reached a certain critical point, Sukhona slowly begins to move in the direction below, into... her native Kubenskoye Lake, in other words, against the legal flow. And not a day goes by against the rules of geography, not even two, but until the lake breaks its ice and rises on its own to finally pounce menacingly on the reckless daughter: where have you turned, you fool?!
The spring month of confrontation ends in favor of order. Sukhona seems to come to her senses and change direction. The growing wave of flood, pushed by the overflowing lake, begins to move to the southeast, from the source to the lower reaches.
The oldest river people - Korels, Chuds, Novgorodians, who settled in this meadow and forest region, only marveled at the quirks of the river and adapted to it in every way.

Only at the beginning of the nineteenth century, when to the west of Lake Kubenskoye, from Beloozero along Sheksna and to the Volga, the Mariinsky water system was built, connecting the Baltic basin with the Volga; when the need arose to connect this canal with water roads to the White Sea and the Kama, engineers began to look closely at the Sukhona. It was very conveniently located on the ancient trade routes from Novgorod to the north and east along the Russian Plain, combined with a chain of lakes and rivers north of Lake Kubenskoye, with portages along which the pioneers dragged their horses on rollers and wheels - so fortunately that it remained just connect lakes and rivers with canals and create a unified shipping system. We began to study in detail all of Zavolochye. It was then that they noticed Sukhona’s strange whim and examined it so as not to make a mistake.
The shipping system, built in 1825-1828, came in handy. Trade with the north and east increased increasingly European Russia. Shipbuilding expanded in Arkhangelsk, where it was necessary to deliver oak timber from the Volga. And in general, a waterway in these vast and roadless places was desperately needed in order to use the rich region, where there were forests, ores, furs and salt.

One of the first hydraulic structures on the new waterway was a dam at the source of the Sukhona, on the lake. A long water-regulating barrier made of metal posts with gates could hold or pass water in two directions: from the lake to the river and from the river to the lake. Its seals hold up the water of Lake Kubenskoye all summer, preventing it from becoming shallow. In the spring, when the Sukhona “plays around” and begins to push water towards the lake, the dam gates are laid on the bottom, and the river flows without delay into the Kubena through the resulting wide opening. Large ships sail along this open opening in the spring from Sukhona to the lake and back, bypassing the lock.

But there are still five hundred kilometers to the dangerous rifts and rapids in the lower reaches, to those places where the iron bottom of a motor ship or barge will even “strike” against the rocky mud, a sharp harrow hidden in the depths of the current. We have to think in advance about other obstacles, created not by nature, but by people themselves.
The city of Vologda is connected with the Sukhona small river Vologda, after which it is named. We begin our journey along this river in the evening. The sky is still bright, thoughtfully quiet, visible far, far away, but in the first kilometers the northern fabulousness is completely obscured by a diverse “civilization.” Boats and motorboats scurry about, imposingly, with chests, like our "Chagoda", motor ships go, parting the muddy yellow water of the river, which is clean and transparent only above the city.

Vologda is one of the oldest Russian cities. The founding date of Vologda is considered to be 1147, when the city was first mentioned in the chronicles of St. Gerasim. Today, Vologda is one of the best preserved ancient cities in Russia and is one of 116 Russian cities that have a particularly valuable historical heritage.

In the center of the city is the St. Sophia Cathedral, it is the first stone church in the city. Built in 1568-1570. The construction of the temple is directly related to the name of Ivan the Terrible. In 1568, during his third visit to Vologda, Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered the construction of a cathedral church in the name of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary inside the city near the Bishop's House to begin. With the departure of the king in 1571, construction stopped. The cathedral remained unfinished for 17 years, and only under Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich did its final completion and arrangement begin.

confluence of the Yug River and the Sukhona River, Northern Dvina

Next to the St. Sophia Cathedral is the Vologda Kremlin. The Kremlin buildings are very different from each other in style. And there is nothing surprising in this: the Kremlin was built and rebuilt over several centuries. The Kremlin complex includes the former Bishop's Compound, mainly due to its high fortress walls, the Resurrection Cathedral and the bell tower are inextricably linked with these walls.

We are silent, peering into the night, because in Moscow it is already night, the twelfth hour, and there is twilight over the river, over the northern expanses; only the distance somehow turned blue: there the earth merged with the sky in one color, and the space expanded to infinity, the details were lost in it.

“And here is the mouth,” says Kryazhev and gets up.
Sukhona obliquely crosses the path to Vologda. The left bank is meadow, no higher than two meters - a black stripe above the water. There is a two-story house on the shore, the upper windows are lit. River fleet control room.
- How are you, “Chagoda”? - comes from there on the radio. - Are we going far? Is there order on board?
“Order,” the captain answers. “To Ivanov Bor.” Who's ahead of us?
- "Tarnoga" passed, about forty minutes. You will overtake her to the Famous.

I look to the right. Another, lighter strip of water breaks out of the darkness of the right bank half a kilometer from the mouth of Vologda. The stripe shines distinctively and flows with joy.
- This is Lezha. - Yuri Sergeevich guesses and warns my question. - A clean river, not like ours.
Obeying the rudders, "Chagoda" describes a smooth semicircle - now its nose is looking strictly at the bright Polar Star. The splashing behind the stern intensifies and the engines become more audible. We increased our speed.
It's already midnight. Wisps of fog appear over the meadows. You can’t distinguish them from lakes - they are the same dull silver as the water, the sky, and the distance. The pockets of fog are growing and connecting. You move as if in emptiness, in the middle of an immense, quiet and mysterious sphere, where there are not even stars. The fog covers the earth, the river, the sky, powerfully buries real world. Both the low banks and the water overboard disappear. Twilight is thickening, there is no longer up and down, right and left. White swirl.

Yuri Sergeevich is calm at the control panel. Buttons and keys click, the ship obeys the will of the captain. How can we discern anything in the milky abyss through which we are swimming? The rare lights of the buoys blink suspiciously quickly and immediately disappear.
“It’s a habit,” Kryazhev says briefly. “I’ve been going here for eight, no, nine years.” Dozens of times back and forth. I looked closely at the banks, at every curvature. I don’t have to look at the pilot, everything is from memory. Besides, I'm from here. The village of Sukhoverkhovo near Kirillov. There is school, childhood. I climbed lakes and rivers with fishing rods, ran after lapwings in meadows and swamps. I close my eyes and I can imagine any place.

Sukhona river, Totma city

He speaks abruptly. A light bulb shines softly from the side. A long smile appears on Kryazhev’s young, handsome and stern face. She is from there, from childhood with fishing rods, where there are unique days, mother, grandmother... He sighed and lit a cigarette. "Chagoda" was moving at speed along a quiet, sleepy river. Somewhere close to the bottom there were shallows hidden; it is dangerous to be distracted by conversations.
The night was receding. The fog began to shine through. Here one shore turned black, then the other, silhouettes of wooden houses with high-raised windows appeared, boats under the shore, stairs, and then there were pipes, more pipes and factory buildings with windows red from insomnia. City of Sokol.

The Sukhona here is full of forest. On the banks of the mountains of already dried logs, endless rafts on the approaches to the city, the drifters standing on their butts nod their black heads. That’s what rivermen call them: golovans. Kryazhev winces and slows down when such a gift goes under the ship...
- Where are they from, Yuri Sergeevich?
- From the bottom of the river. There are a lot of sunken logs in the city limits and on the approaches,” the captain answers. “Some logs with a heavy butt rise up, float, half-submerged.”

We pass through the city of woodworkers and paper workers. It is dawning imperceptibly and quietly, and you won’t understand where the light is coming from. There will be no sun for a long time: the clock shows three; but the sky is already filled with a mother-of-pearl glow, one edge is browned, and against this background distant villages are drawn—a typographic engraving line of black huts, covered courtyards with capital gates, boardwalks and boats under birch trees wet with dew.
The river moves smoothly below us. The water breathes warmth. I ask if it’s possible to speed up the pace. Kryazhev shrugs his shoulders vaguely.
- Let's try...
Motors acquire a bass tone. From the wheelhouse you can see how the bow rises. The stern naturally settles. And immediately a nasty trembling occurs. The ship shakes angrily. Kryazhev slowly slows down.
- Like this. We are sailing with a draft of about one and a half meters. A little more, at speed, and we already reach the bottom. Limiter...
What happened to you, Sukhona?

sights of the Vologda region, Sukhona river

There has always been a forest on both banks from the source to the distant city of Veliky Ustyug. And he was your friend and guardian, this dense and endless forest. All tributaries filtered through the forest thicket and replenished the riverbed main river clean, fresh water. All the springs and swamps in the forest fed the Sukhona. It was deep, full of water even in hot years, always rich in fish and beavers in secluded tributaries.
People willingly settled on its banks and nearby, setting up graveyards, from which cities known in history emerged: Priluka, Vologda, Shuiskoye, Totma, Nyuksenitsa, Veliky Ustyug. The ancient Kirillov, Kharovsk, and the young city of Sokol gravitated towards the lake river. They lived and used the river, revered it, marveled at its beauty and decorated it themselves.
When they began to cut down the forest along the banks, again the river could not be avoided: logs were floated both up and down the river. Sukhona regularly carried the ever-increasing weight of wood. The more logs were rolled into the water, the more deserted the shores became, of course, and the more often a muddy or rocky bottom was visible through the shallowed tributaries.
Then Sokol's factories grew. Endless rafts and barges with timber reached here from April to October. The forest filled the river, people at times lost control of this moving forest. And only recently they began to understand that this cannot continue. Rafting companies have begun to clean the river bed, raising the drift every year, and monitoring the rafts more strictly. There's plenty of work here. And for many years...
A warm orange sun rose over the wet meadows. Every drop of dew on the grass sparkled. The river began to breathe, a light steam rose above it. Thousands and thousands of logs are drying out at timber exchanges. The greedy timber haulers are moving faster and faster, the workers are running across the rafts with acrobatic dexterity: they are using hooks to direct the logs to the conveyor. The river gives food to the factories...
Buildings are rarer, more and more open shores, half-mown meadows with haystacks, and finally Falcon behind.

The feelings generated by the sight of a river within the city limits give no rest. Something is wrong... The river, this precious creation of nature, is perceived by the Sokol people, it seems, only as a path along which raw materials for factories move.
Meanwhile, the morning cleared up. There is no trace of the fog. White clouds float across the sky, clearly reflected in the river. There are many of them - light, cumulus, summer. Green along the banks, fresh, beautiful. There the herd is wandering, there just weren’t enough cows to complete the picture! On the shore behind the cape rises an alien hill of greenish-gray dolomite flour. For liming arable land. A cargo ship came with its floating crane, unloaded this flour - and be healthy!

We emerge from behind a cape covered with alder. Village, tall birches and willows, a gateway in their shadow, a dam to the left. "Famous" opened.
The black ribbon of the dam, low above the river, is traced across the wooded green backdrop. The shields are open, white water glistens widely from the lake and, pushing out large flakes of foam, it pours like a shaft to the left, into the sandy bed of the Sukhona.

Ice drift on the Sukhona River, Veliky Ustyug

The sluice is low, the log chamber is embedded in the slopes of the ditch. They are paved with stones and overgrown with grass. Thick gate leaves with a front strip on top are spread apart. Nestled to the side is the neat Shera Village, surrounded by old and thick birch trees. Behind the dam and the Chamber you can see a wide strip of water, and along the banks there is greenery of all shades: a dark-colored spruce forest, light birch trees, a sunny, salad-colored meadow. A large wooden house on the island - a recreation center for river workers - is also painted green.
This is Lake Kubenskoye. Blue and green, it shines so much in the sun that you can’t look at it without squinting - it’s pure shine. Zhulitov skillfully guides the ship through a side current and with absolute precision - like a cartridge into a gun barrel - drives the Chagoda into the lock without touching the sides of its log walls. There is about forty centimeters of water left before them, no more.

Everything here looks simple, homely: the lock itself, already filled to the brim - you stand on the last crown, and you can touch the water with your foot, and these talkative women, and the open windows of the control room with geraniums, with a cat at the threshold, and music made of wooden five-walls, and an empty box thrown onto our deck, so that at the next lock it would be filled with fresh bread and brought here again by a passing ship... All this creates an atmosphere of ease of relationships, rustic simplicity.
About twenty minutes later the Chagoda shuddered and slid out of the lock into the lake. Now we are not on the Sukhona, but in its basin, on its continuation, in connection with the Volga-Baltic route.

On Lake Kubenskoye, as well as on Vozha, to the north, the oldest human settlements in these latitudes, dating back three thousand years, were discovered. On the western elevated banks a chain of sites of sedentary people of that time has been traced. And now there are villages here, one after another. All the huts are on a hill, with windows overlooking the lake, from where a grassy canopy falls to the water. Behind the order of the houses, the hemlines are noticeable - ancient arable lands, long ago inhabited and well-groomed by the Novgorodians, who came here for freedom, “they did not accept any property from the prince, nor from the bishop, and the pasha did not give himself peace.” Flax and rye with barley, turnips and radishes in the vegetable gardens, oats and meadows fed the farmer. They kept cows and transported manure from the farmstead to a nearby field; there was no shortage of fish in the lake, they also got something in the forest, so they lived and lived, they didn’t make a fortune, but they didn’t break their backs on other people’s owners. Themselves with a mustache...
Today this is the most productive agricultural region of the Vologda region. True, not very crowded. Again meadows and meadows. There is an abundance of grass in the lake floodplain. The valleys of the Kubena, Uftyuga rivers and small tributaries are also visible. From the lake the path along the water goes to Ust, Kharovsk, to everyone living on the side. And everywhere you look there is greenery!

It's time for hot haymaking. The weather is perfect. But there are few people mowing. It is difficult to say how much hay and grass can be produced by the huge Sheksna-Sukhonskaya floodplain, where there are one hundred and sixty thousand hectares of pastures and hayfields. From this area, even with a low harvest, you can collect at least two hundred thousand tons of hay and feed one hundred thousand cows. But this, as they say, is at first glance. More than half of the floodplain area along the canals and along the Sukhona, Vologda, Lezhe, Sheksna is either overgrown with bushes or is of little use due to swampiness.

Zhulitov sits at the control panel on a high chair, calmly steering the ship. The lake is spacious and light, the buoys sway on the shallow waves - look, admire the sides.
We pass the Mouth. It's on the right, barely visible from the lake.
- Do you often go there? - I ask the assistant.
He raises his narrow, intelligent face.
“It’s impossible to live there without river workers.” We deliver everything. Flour, Fertilizers, containers with goods, concrete and bricks for construction sites, even dactors. The pier is not so great, but we can manage it, the path is well-trodden, and to Uftyuga, and along it to Berezhnoe, there to the railway, oh-oh-oh! And you know the roads... Only the river and the lake help out the outback.
Alexander Andreevich is an experienced riverman, both a navigator and a mechanic. He studied in Kotlas, worked on the Irtysh, but still returned to his native place, and now he has been in the Vologda region for ten years. Here, as they say, the soul is in place.
Nearby, a tugboat, scanty and mottled, really looking like a bird, was dragging a scow full of slushy soil from a dredger deepening the fairway higher up the lake. It looks like he’s looking for a place to dump his cargo into the depths and quickly back away. At the stern the laundry is drying and rinsing in the wind. Probably a family crew, with a mistress.
The lake gradually narrows; on one side there is a swampy spruce forest, on the other there is a sedge swamp. The reed is taller than a human being. On lagoons clear of grass, fishing boats and the fishermen themselves look like frozen statues.

We enter the mouth of the Porozovitsa River. Such a glorious title, a credit to the nameless author! On this sunny day, the slopes of the banks shine with colors like spring dawn. The clover is fragrant and red, the hills are covered with a multi-colored carpet. Lots of rye creepers, red clover, forest baits. The huts in the villages are scattered over the hills, like in Berendey’s kingdom, and there is such a blessed, warm silence around that you listen to it like good music.
At the sixth lock everything is the same as at the "Famous": the same pleasant homeliness and dexterity of the ship's gatekeepers, the rustle of poplars over the water, the sound of carpenter's axes and the smell of sanded pine logs, from which the frame of a new house is formed. "Chagoda" immediately entered the cell, the gates closed.
Porozovitsa, short-lived, full of water, well inhabited by people. On the right bank there is Nikolsky Torzhok with a ruined cathedral. This is a former trading village with a huge cobblestone paved area. Next are two villages, and behind them is the fifth gateway, which we pass through without delay. Another village in the hills. Slate roofs make it look young. Nearby is an enviably productive field of oats, and a herd of black-and-white cows crowds near the water. They are well-fed and calm, fearlessly standing close to us and watching the gray carcass of “Chagoda” with wet eyes.

The Itkla River and the lakes along the way - Vazerinskie, Kishemskoye, Zaulomskoye, Pokrovskoye, the canals and locks that connected them - our entire road, sometimes very wide, sometimes so narrow that you can’t see the water on either side. The canals are filled to the brim, so sometimes it seems as if we are moving on a ship on dry land, straight through meadows and copses, rounding humpbacked hills in spruce thickets and just not getting into them. So natural, so convenient in this undisturbed nature, ancient engineering structures! Nothing sticks out or separates them from the landscape. I just can’t believe that this part of the large North Dvina waterway is the work of human hands. You catch yourself thinking about the unity of the useful with the beautiful, and a feeling of gratitude arises to the skillful and careful builders of the Severodvinsk system, who did not detract from the natural beauty.

Who are they? When and how was it built, giving Russia a much-needed waterway? Nothing about builders anywhere! There is no name for the structure that brought together peasants and river workers, cities and villages in this ancient region, once cut off from the rest of the world.

The Vologda region, like the neighboring Arkhangelsk region, is vast, but lacks modern communication routes. In the past, builders were scared off by endless miles, untrodden forests and swamps. The current ones have not yet had time to develop in full force.
At both ends of the long Sukhona - from Lake Kubenskoye to Veliky Ustyug, to the north and south of the river - there is a vast territory where the railway lines are more than three hundred kilometers apart from each other. The first goes through the Arkhangelsk region from Konosha to Kotlas, the other along Yaroslavl and Kostroma and covers only the southern edge of the Vologda region.

Sukhona river, Vologda region, beautiful places
villages are completely cut off by impassable roads. Only rivers save...
What would they do in Totma, Nyuksenitsa, Syamzha, Kirillov, Belozersk, Vytegra, Tarnogsky Gorodok, Nikolsk, Kichmengsky Gorodok, Veliky Ustyug and in the neighboring Vyatka regions, gravitating towards the Yug River, in Podosinovets for example, without a river, without river boats, without shipping companies - Sukhonsky and Northern?

The North Dvina waterway - Sukhona, South, Northern Dvina with navigable tributaries - has today acquired paramount importance for the life and development of the north of the Non-Black Earth Region. We dare to say that these most important waterways will not lose their priority for a long time, until the newest types of transport take over all worries about cargo, and the rivers become excellent areas for recreation and tourism. But if we remember that transportation by river is one of the most economical, then the transformation of rivers only into places of tourism will not happen any time soon.
One can only marvel and rejoice at the wonderful gift of nature in the Non-Black Earth Region, the ability of our navigable and small rivers to help people move and transport goods - the larger the larger the program for the development of our economy and culture. And "Chagoda" continues its journey north through lakes and canals. Along the banks you can see far away meadows, copses, hills dark with fir trees, small villages, lonely churches. Quiet Vologda land.

rivers Northern Dvina, Sukhona, river Yug

"Chagoda" goes along the canal along the wooden houses of the outskirts, as if along a street, goes out into the large Siverskoye Lake with rugged shores, goes to the right, even more to the right, and goes around the cape. Behind it opens a wide expanse of water. Directly in front of us we see the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery near the water and at the same time in the water.
No matter how much you read about it, words still cannot convey even a small fraction of the charm, the amazing fairy-tale charm of this white monastery-fortress, created by Russian masters in the 14th-15th centuries, almost five hundred years ago. The monastery must be seen on any day, be it clear or cloudy, but only on a summer day on a plate of living, fish-scale-colored Siverskaya water and surrounded by greenery.

The schema monk Kirill, a native of the Moscow Simonov Monastery, having wandered quite a lot through the forest and lake Zavolochye in search of a secluded place, came out to this lake and, looking at the shores, wrote down for memory: “The place is green, like a wall surrounded by waters.” It was. This remained the case when Kirill became archimandrite.
The monastery walls descend like a white ledge to the shoreline, look into the water, and when the lake is quiet, as it is today, they are completely reflected in it along with the sky, creating the illusion of a double overturned to the bottom. From behind the walls, domes humbly grow on temples and belfries, all different, not repeating anything, each with its own form and wonder, higher, lower, thinner, more extensive, while the whole image as a whole is walls, green elms, temples, the refectory is a complete miracle, a fairy tale of stone and greenery on a lake full of the already magical colors of the north. It’s hard to take your eyes off, the proportions of the buildings are so perfect, everything stone and living is so successfully elevated on the gently sloping shore of a strange lake, covered on all sides by forest.
"Chagoda" solemnly and quietly passed through the creek and moored to a wooden pier behind the monastery.

Veliky Ustyug, Northern Dvina, Sukhona

Yuri Sergeevich could not restrain his enthusiastic, almost childlike emotion when we walked through the city to the monastery. Here he grew up, ran, studied, and experienced his first joys. As a boy I climbed every bell tower, walls, basements, secret passages a hundred times. I rode down the hill at the Stone Entrance with a cross, sat next to the artists in front of the Ivanovo Wall, ran along the narrow path near the Assumption Cathedral. Of course, I also visited the Ferapontov Monastery (where there is now a museum of frescoes of Dionysius) above two other lakes that are far from here, under a high hill in dense forests.

Time is rushing, and we - not without regret - are moving away from the tiny pier. We would like to live here and think... Once again we take a farewell look at the white-stone fairy tale, bathed in the reddish rays of the late afternoon sun. Our history. And the protection of young Russia.
The lake is narrowing, the ship is now heading west.
“Now we’ll go down,” says Kryazhev. “Here is the watershed, ahead is the Sheksninskaya floodplain and the Volgo-Balt.”
The last section of the North Dvina waterway, the Toporninsky Canal, is narrow, cut deep into the sandy hills. On the sides, behind large and dense pine forests, linings and sogrs (swampy forests of watersheds) can be seen. There are a lot of cranberries, lingonberries and blueberries on the verts - small elevations. The channel looks different too. The water in it is brown, forest and peat infusion. To prevent the wave from breaking the pliable sands in the poorly overgrown recess, a palisade of short poles was built almost everywhere below, with brushwood piled between it and the beret. The wave from motor ships is attenuated in such a support. Simple and good. You can feel that the canal here is being looked after by skilled people.
The Toporninskaya “staircase” of two locks is visible from top to bottom. As in a window, at the end of the clearing you can see a wide water surface Volgo-Balta. Vessels pass and flash along it thickly.

The canal, the locks and the village of Topornya itself are very beautiful. This seems to be the most comfortable and healthy place. There is a pine forest around the village on white sands. Clean, dry, pleasant smell of tar. The houses are solid, log-built, bright. The sluices are also made from pine logs. And also light. The water is flush with the shore. The vessel stands very high in the filled chamber, its sides almost touching the walls. The gates of the sluices shine with fresh pine. Everything looks somewhat ancient, miniature, close to nature and therefore especially to the heart.

Water crossing of the Non-Black Earth Region. Here the North Dvina shipping route meets, which includes the entire Northern Dvina with the Sukhona and the South, Vychegda and Pinega, Sysola and Vaga, with canals and lakes with a total length of about five thousand kilometers, and the Volga-Baltic waterway. It also starts far away - from the mouth of the Neva, goes through Ladoga to Beloozero, and from Beloozero to the Rybinsk reservoir along canals, locks, lakes, along the Vytegra and Sheksna. The length of the entire Volga-Balta system is about three thousand kilometers.
Three and five - eight thousand kilometers of navigable roads! Four directions from Toporni. To the west, north, east and south. This was once the headquarters of the Northern Dvina system. Day and night barges, motor ships, tugs... Up and down the locks.
"Chagoda" met in Toporn with two passenger ships. They were returning with tourists from a trip to Volgo-Balta. Motor boats were coming, also with travelers. We met a beautiful, clearly family sailing yacht. On the sides there is an unexpected name: “Demon”, which is not at all suitable for the elegant, white boat in this epic place.
The last (or first?) gates opened, and our ship cut through the water of the wide-spread Sheksna with a strong breeze from nearby Beloozero. Entered Volgo-Balt...

Fishing on the Sukhona River

Fishing report: August 15, Sukhona river
Date of fishing: August 15, 2009
Body of water: Sukhona river

Detailed description of the place: 505 kilometer.
Description of the road: There is no road, only by water.
Weather: The weather was rainy with intermittent sunshine.

Fishing method: Spinning
My tackle: China rod 200 rub. fishing line 0.3, Cobra reel for 320 rubles.
My lures: Wobbler for 30 rubles. was completely repainted.
Nozzle: - not specified -
Groundbait: - not specified -
What kind of fish did you catch: pike
Biting/Fish Activity: Fish were caught during periods between showers.
My catch: 3-5 kilograms
The most big fish- not indicated -

As the success of other fishermen? There were few boats on the river due to inclement weather. There was a white yacht, they were also fishing for pike. I saw 3 of them.
Detailed fishing report Upon arrival at 505 km. Everyone was already wet, but they decided to start fishing. From the first casts it was clear that the pike didn’t favor them. After that, we decided to try trolling. And here we were lucky, passing under the left bank the first bite. We walked against the current. Progress-2 on Suzuki-2.4 - tact. The pike only took it from me for homemade work. I ignored the purchased colors. Soon my son caught it on a spoon, but they released it because the pike was young.
General summary: The weather was not great, but the fishing was good.
After spinning, we decided to have some fun on the feeder, and here after the rain there was excellent fishing. The catch was worthy as always. Up to a kilo of bream, silver bream, roach, and perch.

Fishing report: October 27 - October 27, Sukhona river
Date of fishing: October 27, 2012 - October 27, 2012
Body of water: Sukhona river
Place - region/district: Vologda region.
Detailed description of the place: The Sukhona River is not far from the mouth of the Dvinitsa River.
Road description: - not specified -
Weather: The weather is simply disgusting strong wind -1;-2
Condition of the reservoir: The water level is much higher than in summer. It didn't change during the week. Water of medium transparency. We also caught it in muddier conditions.
Fishing method: Spinning
My tackle: Braid 0.3; Rod length 1.8 m, spinning reel.
My lures: Wobbler
Nozzle: Wobbler.
Groundbait: No
What kind of fish did you catch: pike
Biting/fish activity: for 4 s +
My catch: 5-10 kilograms
The largest fish is pike, 4 kg.
Notes on fishing techniques, the best baits. There was a strong wind so only trolling.
As the success of other fishermen? No other fool would have gone fishing in such weather.
Detailed fishing report
We were going fishing in the middle of the week and were waiting for the weekend. And as the law of meanness happens, the weather completely deteriorated by Friday. The wind is strong, gusty, snow has fallen, cold -2;-3. We called on Saturday morning, are we going, are we not going? Well, since hunting was more than a matter of will, we decided to try it. To be honest, I doubted any catch at all. Strong wind, there is a wave on the river, and there is snow on the shore. We met at the boat at 09:30 in the morning, while the engine was being installed, etc. for 10 hours. Well, in short, we got on the boat and went. Cold -2, wind, waves. In about 30 minutes we arrived at the future fishing spot and successfully laid out the paths. And after 30-40 minutes the first bite. The pike grabbed it right away without any pokes. I tell my partner that something has pecked, get the net ready. I brought it safely to the boat and then the pike went under the boat and didn’t want to come to the surface. I pull and pull and now a toothy one appears. As soon as we had time to sweat her with a net, she bit through the braided line. The small wobbler was deep-throated. I pulled 2 kg. The second bite happened again after 10-15 minutes. It turned out that the pike, a little smaller than 1.5 kg, also took it greedily and without prodding, and ate it. We drive on, talk, and freeze. And here again, at first there’s a bite and then it’s like a hook, but it starts to drag. I say, prepare the net for something large and turn off the engine. I pulled out 5-6 meters and this fish came off. I don’t know what was there, but it was very big. Then we decide to go to the mouth of Dvinitsa, where the wind is less and at least a little warmer, otherwise we are very cold. We walked as far as Dvinitsa without any bites, and along Dvinitsa itself for 1.5 km there were no bites either. We are driving back where two pikes were caught and not much before reaching that place I get a strong jerk and pull. Well, I don't think you'll leave. It's going hard. My partner prepared the net. But she is a beauty. And with a deft movement he removes it. And already in the net she spits out the wobbler. (The wobbler is small, the hooks are small) The pike turned out to be the largest on this fishing trip, 4 kg. The price went up a little more and we were completely frozen, so at 2 p.m. we decided to go home. That's how Vitalik and I went fishing this Saturday.
General summary: Despite the bad weather, the fish still bit. And once again my little favorite wobbler came to the rescue

Fishing report: July 18 - July 19, Sukhona river
Date of fishing: July 18, 2008 - July 19, 2008
Body of water: Sukhona river
Place - region/district: Vologda region.
Detailed description of the place: In the Ust-Pechenga area
Description of the road: Either to Churilovka or to Ust-Pechenga, depending on where you are going from.
Weather: Cloudy, slight northwest wind
Condition of the reservoir: the water level is high, almost like in spring
Fishing method: Donka / Feeder / Picker
My tackle: donka with a sliding sinker 20 grams. fishing line 0.2
My lures: - not specified -
Nozzle: sandwich, 3-4 maggots and a worm.
Groundbait: - not specified -
What kind of fish did you catch: bream
Biting/fish activity: small fish were constantly hammering
My catch: 3-5 kilograms
The largest fish is bream, 2 kg.
Notes on fishing techniques, the best baits. - not indicated -
As the success of other fishermen? Other fishermen swam up and things were a little worse
General summary: I came to the conclusion that the water level does not affect the bite, a lot depends on the place and method of fishing.

Date of fishing: January 28, 2010
Body of water: Sukhona river
Place - region/district: Vologda region.
Detailed description of the place: confluence of the Vologda and Sukhona rivers
Description of the road: on a snowstorm along the Vologda River or to Lake Molotovskoye and then on foot along the snowstorm trail to the place
Weather: cold, windy
Condition of the reservoir: - not specified -
Fishing method: Jig
My tackle: - not specified -
My bait: a homemade jig, heavy because of the current, yellow color looks like a soldier's button
Nozzle: worm 2 pieces
Groundbait: - not specified -
What kind of fish did you catch: ide
Biting/fish activity: the bite was excellent
My catch: more than 10 kilograms
The largest fish is ide, 1.5 kg.
Notes on fishing techniques, the best baits. - hidden by the author -
As the success of other fishermen? - not indicated -
Detailed fishing report - not specified -
General summary: in addition to the ide, they set up girders and took burbot, but only on large dead roach! but other than that, the fishing was great, everyone was happy

________________________________________________________________________________________
SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads.
Kuznetsov A.V. Sukhona from mouth to mouth: Toponymic dictionary-guide. - Vologda: Ardvisura, 1994. - pp. 37-39.
Vasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. T. III. P. 814.
Statistics on the UNESCO website
Surface water resources of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 3. Northern region / Ed. N. M. Zhila. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1965. - 612 p.
State water register RF: Sukhona. Archived from the original on December 27, 2012.
Wikipedia website.
http://www.skitalets.ru/
L.A. Plechko, I.P. Sabaneeva. "Water routes of the USSR. European part". Moscow, "Physical Education and Sports", 1973.
http://www.ru-regions.ru/
http://photosight.ru/
http://photos.lifeisphoto.ru/
http://www.fion.ru/

The Sukhona is the longest river in the Vologda region, rightfully considered the most beautiful on this earth. The rivers Sukhona and Yug, merging, form a majestic Northern Dvina. Along which settlements does the Sukhona flow, what is its history, hydrology, tributaries, read the article below.

Geography of the river

The river valley was formed in late and post-glacial times, that is, approximately 20 thousand years ago. The Sukhona basin is located in the North-West Russian Platform. It is here that a huge thickness of sedimentary rocks lies from the Mesozoic and Paleozoic times. The river flows through the sediments of the Permian system. This means that it flows through variegated marls, marly clays and limestones, as well as through lenses of white and green sands.

The length of the Sukhona River is 558 km. The pool area is more than 50 thousand square meters. km. The river begins its movement from Lake Kubenskoye. Here its floodplain is wide. Happens in the spring reverse movement waters into Lake Kubenskoye, associated with the backwater of the Vologda and Lezha rivers. The Sukhona River basin includes 482 rivers and several thousand streams. There are also more than 400 lakes in the basin, but all of them are small, many no more than 0.5 square meters. km.

Since the waters flow in the middle taiga subzone, the predominance of spruce and blueberry forests is noticeable. Forests occupy about 70% of the watershed, swamps - 3%. In the upper reaches of the river, mainly birch forest grows along the banks, in the lower reaches - pine and mixed forests. The banks here are steep and precipitous.

River hydrology

The Sukhona River is fed by snow. The flood usually occurs in April and lasts until mid-summer. In the upper reaches, spills sometimes form for many kilometers. The Sukhona usually becomes covered with ice in November (the average current is in December), and ice breaks up in April.

The flow of the river is usually divided into three sections: upper, middle and lower. Let's take a closer look at them.

• The upper section lasts to the mouth of Vologda. The current on it is calm and measured. The banks are low, treeless, covered with water meadows. The width of the river in the upper reaches is approximately 200 meters.
• The middle course of the Sukhona goes to the city of Veliky Ustyug. Here the banks become higher and narrower. The forest approaches the riverbed. The current speeds up, rapids and riffles appear.
• The lower section begins after the city of Totma. The banks of the Sukhona River are the narrowest here, in some places up to 80 meters. The current is the fastest. There are a large number of rapids in the Totma area. The most famous of them are Koryto, Zhidyatino, Opoksky Roll, Kopytovsky.

History of the Sukhona River in the Vologda Region

The name Sukhona has Slavic origin. Sukhodon means “river with a dry bottom”, “dryness”. Since the fifth millennium BC, people have settled on the banks of the river. The Vex settlement complex was located at the confluence of the Sukhona River and Vologda and existed until 1339. In the 11th century, Russian settlers appeared on the Sukhona.

The river is on the waterway in Central Russia, therefore, has long had great transport value. Few rivers in Russia have taken on heavy hydrological work associated with improving navigation for a long time. The Sukhona River is one of them. Back in 1278, the Belozersk prince ordered the steep bend near the source to be straightened. In 1339, the bend near Lezha was straightened. But the main problem for navigation along the Sukhona has always been rocks, rapids and shallowing of some areas. In the summer it became shallow there, making navigation possible only with the help of peasants dragging loads along the riverbed. In 1834, a dam was built at the source of the Sukhona River. She helped maintain the water level at the proper level in the summer.

Economic use of the river

For the Vologda region, Sukhona has a large economic importance. Through the Sheksna River it connects with the major Russian river Volga.

The river is navigable along its entire length. In the lower reaches during the summer there are slight delays due to low water, but they are not constant. Freight transport is carried out using barges.

Since the coastal villages have lost their former population, passenger transportation along the Sukhona has been completely canceled since the 90s of the last century. Previously, ferries plied here constantly.

The ecological situation on the river is considered unfavorable. The waters are heavily polluted. Industrial enterprises of the city of Vologda, factories and factories of Sokol made the water unsuitable for drinking in its raw form. It contains a high content of phenols. Melt water also has a negative impact on the ecological situation.

After many years of rafting timber down the river, its bottom is littered with melted wood. Expansion and deepening of the channel is not expected in the near future.

Left-sided tributaries of the Sukhona River

The Sukhona has a huge number of left- and right-sided tributaries. Let's take a closer look at the largest of them.

Right-hand tributaries

1. Vologda- a river flowing in the Vologda region and having a length of 155 km. In the upper reaches the current is fast and the channel is winding. Passing through the city of Vologda, the river becomes slower and the banks become swampier. Over time, the flow almost stops. Along with Pelshma, it is considered one of the most dirty rivers Northern Dvina basin.
2. Lying down- a river flowing through the Vologda and Gryazovets regions. It is 178 km long. The upper reaches of the river are winding and the current is weak. In the lower section the flow almost disappears;
3. Ihalitsa- a river flowing in the Mezhdurechensky and Gryazovets districts of the Vologda region. It is 98 km long. In the lower reaches there is the Ikhalitsky reserve. It is famous for its rich flora and fauna. Available here and rare species plants:
4. Ledenga- a river in Babushkinsky and Totemsky districts. Its length is 57 km.
5. Cookies located in the Totemsky district. Its length is 65 km.
6. Strelna- located in the Kigmengsko-Gorodetsky and Veliky Ustyug districts of the Vologda region. The river bed is winding.

Settlements

There are a large number of settlements on the Sukhona River in the Vologda Region.

The city of Sokol is the center of the Sokolsky district. It is separated from Vologda by a distance of 35 km. In documents from 1615, a mention of the village of Sokolovo was found. Most likely, its name is derived from the personal name Falcon, popular in past centuries. In 1897, a paper factory began to be built here, which was named after the village.

The rapidly emerging factory settlement was also named Falcon. Today Sokol is a small town with a population of approximately 37 thousand people.

Another large settlement located on the Sukhona is the city of Totma. This is the center of the Totemsky district, founded in 1137. The population of the city is almost 10 thousand people. Totma is one of the cities of Russia considered especially valuable from a historical point of view. It has preserved the ancient layout and buildings, many temples and churches.

Veliky Ustyug

Another large settlement on the Sukhona, which has the status of the patrimony of Father Frost, is Veliky Ustyug. Tourists like the city for the traditional “Russian spirit” inherent in this place. Here you can see golden domes, rickety, dear wooden huts, and beautiful river expanses. The historical part of the city has almost 30 temples and a large number of architectural monuments. The best view of the city opens from the river embankment.

The flow of the Sukhona River here is calm and majestic. Veliky Ustyug is an incredibly attractive city in which the cultural and material heritage of the people merges.

Fishing

The Sukhona is a fairly long river, so its surroundings often change. This causes fish diversity and some difficulties for fishermen. For successful fishing you need to choose the right place. Sukhona bream loves places above the mouths of tributaries, and ruff and pike perch love the mouths themselves with a sandy bottom. In shallow water you can catch dace, and in grassy shallow water you can catch ide and roach. Perch fishing is excellent between the islands. There are a lot of pike in the river; they are caught almost everywhere. Sterlet is a rare catch and is found on the rifts.

The insidious predator pike perch is the dream of every fisherman on the Sukhona. It is most often caught from boats using bottom gear. Pike perch bite best in the evening and at night. He does not like active attack and hunting, preferring to wait for prey, hiding in ambush. That is why knowledgeable fishermen advise moving the bait slowly. The pike perch must notice it and have time to react.

Along the river there are many recreation centers, fishing camps and campsites, where a large number of people always relax. A highway runs along the river from Sokol to Veliky Ustyug, providing access to it.

35 years since the disaster...

Cargo ship. Type: Fiftieth Anniversary of Komsomol
Year of construction: 1971, USSR. In FESCO: 1971 - 1981
Capacity: 5922.71 BRT. Length: 130 m. Beam: 17.8 m. Draft: 7.8 m.
Machine power: 4900 hp. Speed: 16 knots

Having on board more than 6 thousand tons of rolled metal, the motor ship "Komsomolets Nakhodki", Far Eastern Shipping Company, headed from the Japanese port of Wakayama (Honshu Island) to Vladivostok.
When leaving the Sangar Strait, the ship encountered a strong storm. The powerful impacts of the waves caused the cargo to shift, resulting in a sharp roll.
The crew's attempts to cope with the current situation were unsuccessful. The engine stalled, “Komsomolets Nakhodki” lost speed and controllability.
With a strong list and stormy waves, the crew did not have the opportunity or time to use life-saving equipment. The ship capsized and sank at coordinates 41°30" N 139°00" E.

The floating base "Sukhona", which was closest to the scene of the disaster, managed to save 3rd mate Sergei Kolesnikov, 3rd engineer Yuri Sadovnikov and head of the radio station Anatoly Nikitin.

35 crew members were killed.

Ovchinnikov A G - captain. Born 1942
Khristoforov A I - first assistant. cap. Born 1939
Noskov E.V. - senior assistant. cap. Born 1953
Bolshakov V A - second assistant. cap. Born 1953
Goverdovsky GA - fourth assistant. cap. Born 1957
Zaulin V P - second radio operator. Born 1959
Demin A A - senior mechanic. Born 1941
Semenets VF - second mechanic. Born 1940
Piskunenko A V - fourth mechanic. Born 1958
Kiprianyuk E A - electrician. Born 1946
Shramko I D - boatswain. Born 1924
Zakruzhny GM - carpenter. Born 1942
Akhmetdinov VSh - sailor. Born 1953
Gilderman V T - sailor. Born 1959
Kolodny N N - sailor. Born 1962
Kudyaev V M - sailor. Born 1962
Kulagin VS - sailor. Born 1953
Samankov V I - sailor. Born 1955
Lestin Yu F - motor mechanic. Born 1955
Navoloake D I - motor mechanic. Born 1949
Nechaev V I - motor mechanic. Born 1949
Tsivanyuk V M - motor mechanic. Born 1959
Markhel V A - senior electrician. Born 1950
Skopenok A N - electrician. Born 1958
Finko V A - sailor. Born 1955
Aristarkhov N I - motor mechanic. Born 1955
Klimenko A A - motor mechanic. Born 1953
Kulakov V M - turner. Born 1942
Sokolov B S - Art. mechanic Born 1941
Alekseenko S M - motor mechanic. Born 1957
Ganenko N S - cook. Born 1929
Shageeva S A - baker. Born 1961
Snitko Zh. V - barmaid, born in 1954.
Kakunina GS - orderly. Born 1957
Martynova G I - cleaner. Born 1955

The commission that investigated the circumstances of the death of the ship named the official cause of the disaster as improper stowage and securing of the cargo...

Memorial to the fallen crew members of the motor ship "Komsomolets Nakhodki"

The history of management of Vostokrybhodflot began in 1932. On the basis of the construction of a coastal refrigerator at berth 53 in Vladivostok, a fish refrigeration plant, the VOSTOKRYBKHOLOD plant, was created. The first director was Semyon Pavlovich Emelyanov. In addition to a modern refrigerator, the company’s balance sheet could process 30 tons per day by dry freezing and 40 tons by wet freezing. There were also as many as six horses. In the summer of 1933, there was a big event for the team - the first freezing ship “Refrigerator No. 1”, built in Denmark, Copenhagen, Burmeister and Vine shipyard, arrived. In the same year, two more vessels were purchased from England and Denmark: m/v “Dnepr” and “Refrigerator No. 2.” In 1934, with their arrival, the functions of the enterprise expanded significantly. Vessels began to make regular voyages to coastal fish factories and fisheries, taking fish on board, freezing them and delivering them to Vladivostok. In 1936, the country's largest refrigerator "Food Industry" arrived in Vladivostok, which played a role in the further consolidation of the enterprise's production base. The fish-freezing floating base "Food Industry" was built in 1909 in Great Britain as a cargo-passenger vessel. In 1928 it was converted into a floating base. Under the Soviet flag since 1935. Apparently at that time it was the largest refrigerator in the world. The ship had equipment for freezing 70 tons of fish per day, as well as a freezer for freezing fillets with a capacity of 1 ton per day. In 1936, three of the same type of refrigerated transport motor ships “Volga”, “Rion”, “Neva”, as well as the steamships “Umba”, “Kildin”, “General Bagration” entered the balance of the enterprise. Years of formation of the fleet, especially in the period from 1935 to 1938, were difficult in the history of its development. And not only because the enterprise was taking its first steps and had no experience of appropriate management or traditions behind it. The violation of socialist legality that took place in the second half of the thirties had a negative impact. During the relatively short period indicated above, five directors of the plant were replaced, and three of them in 1937. In 1939, Feodosius Gavrilovich Kobyshcha was appointed director. In 1941, Alexander Maksimovich Tkachev became director. The war delayed further equipment of the fleet, but its tasks expanded under the new conditions. The fishing industry, like other sectors of the country's national economy, worked with maximum effort for the needs of the front: it produced dried and dried fish, and canned products. At the same time, the refrigerated fleet not only provided increasing volumes of fish freezing and delivery to ports, but also took part in the transportation of strategic cargo from the United States. VRHF vessels began making regular voyages to the United States in February 1942. The ships were equipped with four Oerlikon heavy machine guns and one three-inch cannon. Among the military equipment, each ship was also equipped with depth charges to protect against possible attack by submarines. The navigation and wheelhouses were armored. Unlike merchant ships, most of which had military crews, on refrigerator ships and other fishing vessels, the responsibilities for their defense and maintenance of firepower were assigned to the crews. During voyages to the United States, round-the-clock duty was established at the combat posts of the ships. In any weather, cold and storm, the gun and machine-gun crews were ready to repel the enemy. In 1945, ship crews took part in combat landing operations to the Korean ports of Yuki and Seishin. In 1950, the following ships arrived: “Angara”, “Vitim”, “Donets”, “Yenisei”. In 1952-53, Vostokrybkholodflot received new, more advanced freezing vessels: “Refrigerator No. 4”, “Refrigerator No. 6”, “Refrigerator No. 8”. In 1955, “Refrigerator No. 10”, “Refrigerator No. 12”, “Refrigerator No. 13”, “Svetlogorsk”, “Zelenogorsk”, “Baltiysk”, “Yana”, “Indigirka”, “Uman”, “Tuloma” arrived. , “Kuloy” In 1956-57 the following vessels arrived: “Gelendzhik”, “Samarkand”, “Gornozavodsk”, “Krasnogorsk”, “Uglegorsk”, TR “Zelenogradsk” was renamed “Titania”, “Kurgan”, “Akhmolinsk”, “Kamenogorsk”, “Volochaevsk”, “Ivan Stepanov”, “Kramotorsk”. “Krasnogvardeysk”, “Yaroslavl”, “Arsenyev”, In 1960-61, new production refrigerators “Dalnevostochny”, “Arsenyev”, “V. Bonivur”, “A. Evdanov”, “Egersheld”, “Churkin”, “ Vologda”, “Volchansk”, until 1963 the fleet was replenished with more ships: “Orel”, “Bolon”, “Kizi”, “Khanka”, “Evron”, “Hasan”, “Elton”, “Zabaikalye”, “Baskunchak”, “Nevelskoy”, “Siberia”, “Vasily Vereshchagin”, “Viktor Vasnetsov”, “Icha” At the beginning of 1963, the freezing ship “Skryplev”, built by order of the USSR, arrived from Denmark. In 1965-72: PR “Sukhinichi”, “Nanaets”, “Combat”, “Youth”, “Cosmonaut Komarov”, TR “Arkhip Kuindzhi”, “Ivan Kramskoy”, “Vasily Perov”, “Golden Horn”, “ Artist S. Gerasimov”, “Marshal Rokossovsky”, “Marshal Malinovsky”, “Artist Deineka”, “Artist Vrubel”, “Highlander”, “Diamond”, “Granite”, “Sea of ​​Okhotsk”, “Kara Sea”, “Kamchatka” mountains, "Sakhalin Mountains", "Sayan Mountains", " Altai Mountains", "Shokalsky Island", "Lisyansky Island", "Schmidt Island", "Ushakov Island", "Karaginsky Island". Floating bases "Shalva Nadibaidze", "Sukhona", "Spassk", "Suzdal", "Severodonetsk", " Slavyansk", "Severouralsk", "Sulak". TR "Strait of La Perouse" In the early 70s, a reorganization took place. Most of the old fleet, as well as production vessels and all 8 bases were transferred to other fishing organizations. Some of the production refrigerators were converted into transport. The VRHF fleet began to be replenished with new ships and tankers. At the end of the 70s, a rescue fleet also appeared in the VRHF. Tragedies at sea: In January 1966, Refrigerator No. 10, located in the Bering Sea 35 miles from one of the Aleutian Islands, received a hole in the area of ​​one of the holds as a result of a pile-up on another ship. Water began to flow into the damaged hold, as well as through the open clinker doors into the adjacent hold. A roll appeared and began to rapidly increase. Of the four lifeboats, only one was lowered, but due to the strong list, it ended up far from the side and no one got into it. People started jumping into the water. Approaching fishing vessels began rescuing the sailors, but six of them died. "Refrigerator-13" went with its stem to the stem of the submarine, which had ammunition in its bow compartment. Having discovered an oncoming ship with extinguished running lights on a course just two cable lengths away from the boat, captain of the 3rd rank V. Marango gave the command to the helmsman to “starboard.” But due to the short distance, a collision was already inevitable. The impact of the "ref"'s stem hit the 6th engine compartment, almost cutting it off along with the 7th from the submarine. The hole was about 10 square meters. meters. Everyone who was on the bridge of the submarine at that moment was thrown overboard during the collision, except for the signalmen, who were smashed to death against the wheelhouse fence.)