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State budgetary institution of the Ivanovo region "Ivanovo State Museum of History and Local Lore named after D.G. Burylin. Burylin See what "Burylin, Dmitry Gennadievich" is in other dictionaries

Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin, his good deeds occupy a special place in the history and in today's life of our native city, to a large extent determine the current spiritual and moral character regional center, his creative aura.

Among the Russian industrialists and entrepreneurs of the late XIX - early XX century, there were many bright personalities who stood out against the background of people in their circle. Thanks to their originality, talent, heat of the soul - these people entered our Patriotic history. Among these people was our fellow countryman - a hereditary honorary citizen, industrialist, public figure, philanthropist, collector of "antiquities and rarities", founder of the unique Museum of Industry and Art in the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin.

According to archival data, he was born on February 4 (16), 1852 in Voznesenskaya Sloboda, near the village of Ivanovo, in the house of his grandfather Diodor Andreevich Burylin, a merchant of the third guild. Diodor Andreevich Burylin was a literate and, at that time, quite educated person, he loved to read and had a small library. He collected old church printed books of the 17th century, rare coins and collectibles, which he called treasures and carefully kept in a special room in his house. Grandson Dmitry often asked to show him these collections, examined them with great interest and listened attentively to his grandfather's stories about the things he had collected. Grandmother Evdokia Mikhailovna, noticing her grandson's genuine interest in antique objects, in 1864 handed over to Dmitry all grandfather's rarities.

In 1866, 14-year-old Dmitry and his 16-year-old brother Nikolai began, in fact, to manage the work of a cotton-printing factory built by Diodor Andreevich Burylin and took care of their sisters and sick parents.

Factory business D.G. Burylin grew stronger, developed and became famous. In 1882, in Moscow, at the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition, he was awarded a laudable review of factory production. New plans for the development and improvement of the factory were carried out by him thanks to hard work and knowledge of all the intricacies of the textile business.

In 1884, when Dmitry Gennadievich was 32 years old, his wife Maria Stepanovna, nee Romanova, died. From this marriage, D.G. Burylin left four children. Two years later, on January 12, 1886, Dmitry Gennadievich married for the second time with Anna Alexandrovna Noskova, the daughter of a poor Yaroslavl cloth merchant. This marriage turned out to be a happy one, Burylin had five more children. Thanks to kindest heart Dmitry Gennadievich and the courage of Anna Alexandrovna, their family was surprisingly friendly and everyone in it loved each other. D.G. Burylin was a man of progressive views, did not interfere higher education daughters, despite the fact that it was not accepted then, gave each of them to develop according to their abilities and inclinations.

To the best of his strength and capabilities, D.G. Burylin sought to promote the development of education, medicine, culture in his native city, helped in the improvement of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. In 1910, at his own expense, he built a boulevard on Aleksandrovskaya Street opposite his family home. To do this, he brought 224 lime trees and a thousand hawthorn bushes from Riga, which he planted on both sides of the road, and installed beautiful metal gratings. D.G. Burylin was an honorary member of the boards of trustees of various educational institutions, parochial schools, allocating significant funds and fabrics for them, donated funds for the construction of hospitals and shelters.

Having received only a home education, D.G. Burylin was a man with surprisingly versatile interests. He was very seriously engaged in the history of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, with great respect for every page of the past of his native city. It is thanks to D.G. Burylin, the wooden Assumption Church, built at the beginning of the 17th century, has been preserved in the city. in the village of Ivanovo at the Intercession Monastery. Cherished, but, unfortunately, unfulfilled, remained the dream of D.G. Burylin to write and leave to fellow countrymen the history of the city of Ivanov-Voznesensk.

Passion for collecting, love for antique and rare things determined the goal of his life - to create a museum for everyone to see, for everyone. “The museum is my soul, and the factory is a source of funds for life and its replenishment,” Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin once said words that surprisingly accurately convey his desire.

For the collection of D.G. Burylin spent colossal funds. Despite the fact that the family often needed money, he acquired paintings, drawings, sculptures, old books, ethnographic items, and various rarities.

To replenish the collections, Dmitry Gennadievich traveled to various cities of Russia. Traveled to England, Austria, Germany, Greece, Egypt, Italy, Poland, Turkey, France, Finland, Belgium, Switzerland. In these countries, he visited museums and antique shops, looked for lovers of antiquity and brought many valuable household items and art. Natural mind and well-developed intuition, travel around the world, live communication with people of culture and art made D.G. Burylin is a man of broad outlook.

In 1913 D.G. Burylin, together with his wife Anna Alexandrovna, visited Egypt, where he acquired a mummy in a sarcophagus. In the autumn of 1913, the mummy was safely delivered to railway in Ivanovo-Voznesensk.

The ethnographic collections collected by D.G. Burylin during trips. The largest was the Russian collection. A wide variety of household items, dishes, utensils, ivory items, clothing, hats, a large collection of Russian weapons, a huge collection of fabric samples, starting with hand-made heels of the 17th-18th centuries, were presented here. The department of the East was of real museum value. His pride is a unique collection of objects of the Buddhist cult - there was no such thing in all of Russia in pre-revolutionary times. One of the rarities in the collection of D.G. Burylin had a universal astronomical clock. The numismatic collection was very rich. Back in 1885, it contained up to one hundred thousand coins, orders and medals of the 16th-20th centuries from 236 states.

One of the best in Russia was the Masonic collection. It contained the rarest Masonic signs of all countries, manuscripts, symbolic clothes.

The collection of books and manuscripts was rich and varied. Among them are genuine rarities: the edition of Ivan Fedorov, incunabula, a large collection of Bibles for all European languages considered the best in Russia.

One of the most significant museum collections is the textile fund, in which a large number of samples of fabrics of Russia, Europe, the East. From the end of the 1880s, D.G. Burylin presented his collections at many exhibitions in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod. In the autumn of 1911, an exhibition dedicated to the memory of the great writer L.N. Tolstoy. D.G. Burylin met with the writer, corresponded with him and with Sophia Andreevna Tolstaya, sent him to Yasnaya Polyana chintz and satin for peasant children. Activities of D.G. Burylin to collect memorabilia, documents about L.N. Tolstoy and the popularization of his work received public recognition. In May 1917, D.G. Burylin was unanimously elected a full member of the Tolstoy Society.

One of the first exhibitions from the collection of rarities and antiquities was organized by D.G. Burylin in Ivanovo-Voznesensk in April 1903. The exhibition was deployed in 6 halls of the women's vocational school building. D.G. Burylin showed his countrymen several thousand exhibits from his collections. The exhibition in the industrial city became a phenomenon in provincial life. Funds received from visitors, D.G. Burylin handed over to the Shuisky orphanage.

In 1912, the 100th anniversary of the industrial and social activity of the Burylin merchant family was celebrated. This date D.G. Burylin marked the beginning of the construction of a special building for the museum. The city council and the council allowed the construction of the building, without objecting to the underground tunnel that was supposed to connect ancestral home with the museum. On August 25, 1912, the laying of a new building took place according to the project of architect P.A. Trubnikov.

The grand opening of the museum took place on December 26, 1914, but since October 1914 the halls were open to organized visitors. Part of D.G. Burylin leased it to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk School of Drawing, a branch of the St. Petersburg Central School of Technical Drawing, Baron Stieglitz.

In the draft Charter of the museum, it was written that its goal is “to promote the development of local industry by familiarizing with the collection of samples of cotton printing, from the original prints to the latest goods, both local and foreign production, familiarization with scientific and practical information on cotton printing business; to serve art, taking care of the preservation and replenishment of the collection of monuments of Russian and foreign artistic antiquity and the latest examples of art, as well as to promote love for art in society by disseminating information about it and its tasks ... ".

In the new building D.G. Burylin placed a book depository, departments of Greek, Roman and Egyptian antiquities, Far East, Russian household antiques, a manufacturing department, an art gallery. In one of the halls, he organized a library and a reading room. The creation of the museum in Ivanovo-Voznesensk was a unique undertaking by a man who gave his whole life to it. In 1896 D.G. Burylin wrote in his will: "... the aforementioned collection should subsequently be the property of our native city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and should never be sold or stolen (it was acquired with great need and labor)". To replenish his collection and consultations, D.G. Burylin met with many prominent personalities: with the founder of the Museum of Fine Arts I.V. Tsvetaev, with historians G.V. Vernadsky, V.E. Tarle, with the director of the Historical Museum, Prince N.S. Shcherbatov and others.

The events of October 1917 dramatically changed the life of D.G. Burylin. In 1919 the factory and the museum were nationalized. In 1924 D.G. Burylin was removed from the post of chief curator and forbidden to conduct any classes in the museum. This cruel blow finally undermined the health of D.G. Burylin.

It took decades for the authorities and the public of the city to realize the significance of the personality of D.G. Burylin for the Ivanovo region, the uniqueness of the collections he collected.

In 2000, Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin was awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of the city of Ivanovo, in 2003 the collection Museum of Industry and Art was revived, which acquired the name of its creator.

On May 26, 2007, a memorial plaque by the Moscow sculptor N. Ivanov was installed on the museum building: "Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin (1852 - 1924) - Honorary Citizen of Ivanovo, industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the museum."

Bibliography

1. Historical and biographical information of the entrepreneur

Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin - Ivanovo (Ivanovo-Voznesensky) manufacturer, patron of the arts and collector. Prominent public figure of Ivanovo-Voznesensk in the late XIX - early XX century. Old Believer.

Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin was born in 1852 in the village of Ivanovo, or rather, in Voznesenskaya Sloboda, in the house of his grandfather Diodor Andreevich Burylin, a merchant of the third guild. The genealogy of the native Ivanovtsy, the serfs of the Burylins, has been conducted since the 17th century. In 1831 Diodor Burylin, serf of Count Sheremetev, redeemed himself from serfdom. In the Vedomosti of the Shuya City Duma, among the merchants who declared their capital for 1836, Diodor Burylin was also listed. In 1839, D. Burylin, at his own expense, built the Edinoverie church in the village of Ivanovo. Since 1848, he was one of the founders of Voznesensky Posad, took part in the construction of shopping malls, the Dmitrovsky bridge, and in the creation of the Ivanovo People's Theater. In 1860, Diodor Andreevich Burylin was killed on his way to the Rostov Fair. The factory passes to his son Gennady Burylin. in factory and trade affairs he is experiencing great difficulties, reducing production. In 1879, G. D. Burylin dies, according to the recollection of his granddaughter, "... having squandered the fortune acquired by his father and leaving 5 children without funds." But his sons Nikolai and Dmitry, who already belonged to the seventh generation of the Burylins, were prepared for this difficult period of life. Even during the life of their father, they essentially supervised the work of the factory. And the inheritance received from the father was not divided. In 1875, Nikolai Gennadievich married N. Kh. Kuvaeva, the daughter of the Ivanovo manufacturer Kh. I. Kuvaev, and after the death of his wife's parents, he established the "Association of the Kuvaev print-printing manufactory." Dmitry continued the work of his father, and only after 5 years the production got stronger and began to develop. Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin received a "home" education, but had a great passion for learning and studied on his own all his life. According to his abilities, he was a real Russian nugget. An inquisitive mind, seething energy, diligence and initiative were the main driving forces his activities. As a result, in 1909, in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, the "Partnership of Manufactories of D. G. Burylin" and the "Partnership of Shuya-Yegorievskaya Manufactory" were created. Their founder and founder was D. G. Burylin. Leading such a huge commercial and industrial business, he took an active part in public life Ivanovo-Voznesensk and in various scientific societies of Moscow and St. Petersburg. His social activities were aimed at helping to improve his native city and organizing charity events. Taking care of the education of the Ivanovo people, he organized a four-year school in his house, the trustee of which was long years. Dmitry Gennadievich raised his own nine children in labor and did everything possible to educate them. All children became real people worthy of their father.

From the age of 14, together with his brother Nikolai, he led the work of a cotton-printing factory inherited from his grandfather. In 1919, the factories and the Burylin Museum were nationalized. His museum was renamed the Ivanovo-Voznesensky City Museum, and Burylin himself was left in it, at the suggestion of Mikhail Frunze, as the main curator. Burylin's estate was never returned. Moreover, they falsely accused him of hiding and plundering museum valuables and in 1924 he was removed from the post of museum curator.

September 1924 Burylin died. Initially, he was buried at the Annunciation cemetery at the Church of the Annunciation, but in 1969 he was reburied at the Balino cemetery.

Now the local history museum bears the name of Burylin, on which a memorial plaque is installed in honor of the founder of the museum.

2. Type of entrepreneurial activity

In 1876, Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin joined the merchants of the 2nd guild. In 1877 he married Maria Stepanovna, daughter of the Shuisky lumber merchant SV Romanov. In the same year, D. Burylin built a stone factory on the site of a family wooden welding factory, and next to it - a two-story building of a dye-printing factory. In 1870, Dmitry Gennadievich acquired a large plot of land on Aleksandrovskaya Street. Part of it was intended for a new building of a real school (now it houses the regional art museum and the chemical-technological technical school), and closer to Uvod in 1860, 2 stone two-story buildings of a mechanical chintz printing factory were built (now the building of Ivanovsky state university). The factory had steam heating and was lit by kerosene lamps; produced eraser, calico, twill, jacquard fabrics. The product was sold in Moscow and at various fairs. In 1882, Burylin got a new estate in the center of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, near the Exaltation of the Cross Church (now Revolution Square). Here was a stone dyeing and finishing factory. By 1890 the factory employed more than 500 people. The owner himself received a salary of 6 thousand rubles. per year (the average salary of men at his factory is 15 rubles per month, women and children - 6 rubles).

In 1893, D. G. Burylin decided to master the cotton-cleaning industry. In 1895, next to the weaving factory on Voznesenskaya Street. he equipped a cotton gin capable of processing up to 60,000 pounds of cotton ends. (Before its construction, Dmitry Gennadievich traveled to England to get acquainted with a new business for him.) In terms of production, the factory became the largest in Russia. All manufactured products were supplied to the gunpowder factories of the military land and naval departments. The products of the Burylin factories received gold and silver awards at international and all-Russian exhibitions: Moscow (1882) - a commendable review, Chicago (1884) - a bronze medal and a diploma, New Orleans (1885) - a gold medal, Yekaterinburg (1886) - a silver medal, Moscow (1891) - gold medal, Paris (1894) - gold medal, Novgorod (1896) - silver medal, Paris (1897) - gold medal.

Dmitry Gennadievich met with Emperor Nicholas II three times (1896, 1912 and 1913). He was introduced to him Imperial Majesty, was honored with a conversation about his (Burylin) collections of old chintz, the original production in Russia, which the sovereign and his family examined. On anniversary days Patriotic War 1812 D. G. Burylin presented at the museum exhibition in 1812 to the daughters of the emperor silk scarves, made at his factory according to the rarest original engraving of the 1812 era.

Special income Burylin brought the supply of necessary goods in the years Russo-Japanese War. Cotton ends, cotton wool, gauze, silk fabrics for artillery cap charges were in great demand. In 1906 and 1908 D. Burylin owned two more factories - one in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, the other in Shuisky district. In March 1909, the charter of the D. G. Burylin Manufactory Association was approved, the founder was a merchant of the 1st guild (since 1899), a hereditary honorary citizen D. G. Burylin. Fixed capital - 750 thousand rubles. In 1909, the Partnership's products were awarded a gold medal (at an exhibition in Kazan). Since 1912, the Partnership has been an enterprise with millions of turnovers.

In 1876 he joined the Second Merchant Guild. In the same year, he built a stone building for a dyeing and printing workshop.

In 1899 he became a merchant of the First Guild.

In 1909 he founded the "Partnership of D.G. Burylin's manufactories in Ivanovo-Voznesensk" with a capital of half a million rubles and the "Partnership of Shuya-Yegorievskaya manufactory".

3. Charity (philanthropy)

businessman burylin philanthropist charity

For 28 years he was elected as a member of the City Duma. He has held various public positions in city and public institutions.

In 1993 he received the title of Hereditary Honorary Citizen of the city of Ivanov-Voznesensk.

Throughout his life, Dmitry Burylin collected a collection of rarities and antiquities, which later became the basis for the museum.

The passion for collecting went to Burylin, like factories, from his grandfather. In 1864, grandmother Evdokia Mikhailovna handed over to Dmitry Burylin the entire collection of his grandfather - old books, coins, rare items ... Burylin began to increase the collection he inherited by buying rare items from famous museum workers and collectors. To search for rare items, Burylin traveled outside the country more than once - to Germany, England, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Italy, France, Finland, Belgium.

In April 1903 Burylin's collection was shown to the public for the first time in the building of a women's vocational school.

In 1913, Burylin brought an ancient mummy from Egypt, which is now an exhibit of the Ivanovo Art Museum (an ancient Egyptian sarcophagus of the 21st dynasty).

In 1912-1915, Burylin built a museum building for his collection, which soon became the property of the city. Burylin said about him: "The museum is my soul, and the factory is a source of funds for life and its replenishment."

Everything collected by Dmitry Burylin consisted of the following independent collections:

Archaeological collection

Ethnographic collection

Numismatic collection

Collection of smoking pipes

Collection of inkwells

Collection playing cards

Clothing collection

Collection of women's jewelry

Collection of icons

Collection of rare books

Watch collection

Collection of paintings and prints

In addition to these collections, Burylin also collected the so-called "Masonic collection", which included Masonic

There were few children in the Burylin family. In any case, only one heir grew on their family tree, and only Gennady Diodorovich had two - Nikolai and Dmitry.

But many branches on this tree were given by the family of Dmitry Gennadievich, although his family life was not easy, even tragic. In 1884, when he was 32, his wife Maria Stepanovna, née Romanova, died at the age of 28. There are four children left: Alexandra, Ivan, Elizabeth, Elena.

Two years later, on January 12, 1886, Dmitry Gennadievich married for the second time with Anna Alexandrovna Noskova, the daughter of a poor Yaroslavl cloth merchant A. V. Noskov. Before the wedding, he wrote to his bride in Yaroslavl. “My dear Anya! Sunday at your place I spent a happy day and came here with a cheerful soul. ... If you really like me, then know that I will love you like my life! I will be able to appreciate that you decided to go to the children. I know it's not easy. But on the other hand, this will be my concern for your peace of mind ... With what joy my children met with you and now they ask when you will arrive ... "

Anna Alexandrovna was then 19 years old, she was 14 years younger than Dmitry Gennadievich. And his eldest daughter was only 6 years old, the youngest - a year and 8 months.

The marriage turned out to be happy. The Burylins had five more children: Ksenia, Sergey, Militsa, Sofia, Diodor. Thanks to the kindest heart of Dmitry Gennadievich and the courage of Anna Alexandrovna, their family was surprisingly friendly, and everyone in it loved each other.

The children were brought up by governesses, the eldest was Maria Pavlovna Bernhardt, who served in the family for a very long time and enjoyed complete confidence. The girls studied at the women's gymnasium, the boys at the real school. But their most important tutor was Dmitry Gennadievich.

He expressed his attitude towards children in 1899 in his will: “... I ask you, my good wife, to give our children proper upbringing and education, to accustom them to work, to always be fair and honest, and to you, my children, I make it my duty to render my mother unquestioning obedience, obedience, respect in everything, to fulfill all her orders and to live among myself and with her, mother, in full harmony and love.

In 1964, the daughters of D. G. Burshin, Xenia Dmitrievna Pebalk and Sofya Dmitrievna Kuzmina, transferred their memories of their father to the Ivanovo Regional Museum of Local Lore.

K. D. Pebalk begins his memoirs in this way. “I want to write about my father, whom we loved, respected and appreciated for his kind, sympathetic and energetic character. Despite his temper, he quickly retreated, never remembered evil and did not speak badly of anyone. He always tried to instill in us, children, a love for work, for camaraderie and for everything beautiful, especially for art and antiquity.

And here's what she said youngest daughter Sofia Dmitrievna Kuzmina:

“.... My father dearly loved his large family; all his life he respected the memory of his first wife, Maria Stepanovna, and passionately loved his second wife, Anna Alexandrovna. He was strict and quick-tempered, but fair and quick-tempered; treated all children big love attention, exceptional cordiality and kindness. He knew how to win over and approached us in a friendly way, allowing each of us to develop according to our abilities and inclinations.

At that time, he was a man of advanced views, did not interfere with the higher education of his daughters, despite the fact that at that time it was not accepted, and also did not give out his daughters by marriage. Father said: "It is not for us to live, but for them - let them go according to the inclination of the heart." The father always showed a keen interest in the success of the children in learning; He instilled in us a love for people and work. Father often told us that everyone needs work in life, but creative work is happiness; each person must find his place in life so as to be a useful member of society and be a patriot of his homeland. Father ... subscribed to many newspapers, magazines, books ... He instilled in us a love for the book, offered to subscribe to each according to his desire. I was always amazed that my father, being so busy in the factory, in the museum, community service, found time to be attentive to us, managed to caress, and when necessary, scold us ... Over tea, he inquired about the health of all household members, if anyone was sick, he immediately visited him and instructed to call a doctor, and upon returning from the factory at dinner and in the evening before going to bed he always visited, trying to cheer up and bring goodies or some funny little thing ... I was very drawn to my father, and he loved his "golden one". My father used to call me that and say, “The little golden one is expensive; Here you are with me."

Special attention Dmitry Gennadievich gave his eldest son Ivan - his first heir, his hope. From childhood, he prepared him for independent living, and from the age of 12, Ivan traveled with goods to fairs, took part in factory affairs. This is eloquently evidenced by the letters of the son to his father. Here is one of them - dated July 27, 1894 from the Nizhny Novgorod Fair:

"Dear Dad! I received your letter. You write that we do not trade well, but you cannot complain about trade, except on Sunday (400 rubles). All the days they traded well, most of them were under 1000 rubles, and yesterday they sold 25 kip... I think we should leave on the first or second day because we have to do our homework... In my opinion, prices should be set appropriately. Your loving son Ivan.

In June 1897, Dmitry Gennadievich was undergoing treatment in the Crimea, and 16-year-old Ivan worked in the office. In a letter dated June 26, he reports to his father:

“Dear dad and mom!.. Today there are about a hundred looms at the weaving shop. Half of them - due to lack of weavers, the rest - thanks to the drunkenness of the parters ... I am sending a telegram and a publication from Russkiye Vedomosti regarding the construction of an electric road and lighting in Ivanovo. One evening, sitting at home with Ptitsyn in the evening, we, having nothing to do, began to talk about the proposed electric road. Of course, for the road it is necessary to expand and raise the Tulyakovskaya dam, and therefore it is best to take the earth near us and tear it down on both sides so as to level it with the middle, this will result: firstly, a beautiful street, and secondly, our house is arshin on two above. If we already build the foundation, then instead of a basement we get a beautiful room that can be finished either for a museum or for a kitchen ... Maybe these are idle thoughts, but still feasible.

Ivan Dmitrievich mentions about the museum in his letter. This is natural, since he knew that his father had a lot of interesting books, coins, old and rare things in the basement of the family house. Indeed, back in 1885, Dmitry Gennadievich had up to 100 thousand coins, orders and medals of the 16th-19th centuries from 236 states and cities in his numismatic collection alone.

Dmitry Gennadievich saw in Ivan the successor of his work. Being a not very healthy person, in 1893, 1896, 1899 he left spiritual wills. The last of them, dated May 18, 1899, stated:

“.. Almost thirty years of continuous work have passed ... Preparing for everything and in case of death, I wish with this my spiritual testament to declare the state of the whole state and business and express my last will.

According to the imperial account books, according to the folders of this 1899, the capital enclosed in the factory consists of a total of 324 thousand 650 rubles and 30 kopecks. And as you can see from the trading books (which have been kept for 15 years according to the rules and accountants), that things are very diverse, that profits do not always happen. And even unforeseen losses. And why it is impossible to designate the state. In view of this, I also wish to leave to the sons-heirs to accept that the work will be this year and to conduct it proportionately, and continue, and in no way divide, and not divide.

Realizing that it is very difficult to continue the business without free capital and funds, but with God's help And good people perhaps by labor, it is possible to provide means of subsistence.

I leave the case to my eldest son Ivan Dmitrievich.

In the same will, he paid tribute to his brother Nikolai Gennadievich, who had no children:

“For guidance in your life and in all matters, I ask you always and for all advice or any help to turn to my first kind and dear brother and your own uncle Nikolai Gennadievich and his dear wife, your aunt Nadezhda Kharlampievna. They are the closest to us and throughout my life have always helped me both with good advice and significant means. And never, my children, have I had a rejection of them. Their help was necessary and significant for me. What is your first prayer now and forever for them. May God give them long years. And you, my children, and your wife should always be indebted to them and grateful.”

After graduating from a real school, the eldest son Ivan entered the Moscow Imperial Technical School. When he returned home, his father sent him to Europe. First, Ivan stayed there for two months: Lodz, Paris, London, Manchester. About his grandfathers he wrote to his father from London:

"Dear Dad! During negotiations with breeders, I learned that the demand for ends abroad is very large and have almost risen in price by 50 percent. They only allow us to inspect the factories after we order 500 tons at a price of 50 pounds per pood. In this case, they even offered to live with them and study the business during the entire time of work.

Most good impression Ivan Dmitrievich had left from visiting a large factory in the Polish city of Lodz, where a young employee kindly showed him all the production.

Ivan Dmitrievich helped his father as best he could in the affairs of his production. But his main work was in the "Partnership of Kuvaevskaya Manufactory", where he held the position of a mechanical engineer, and then was elected director of the "Partnership".

In October 1907, Nikolai Gennadievich Burylin sent his nephew to Europe, where in two months he visited 25 different factories and factories in Germany, Austria, France, and Switzerland. In a letter dated November 22, 1907 from Berlin, Ivan writes:

"Dear Dad! You write that you are not feeling well, which worries me greatly, and I would ask you to take up treatment if the doctors advise, and not to rush out of the house ... I am very glad that Nikolai Gennadievich is satisfied with my trip for the factory. Yes, I myself am aware that I can use a lot of what I have seen ... Ivan Burylin, who loves you.

Ivan Dmitrievich married the daughter of the Ivanovo farmer N.N. Zubkov. A mansion was built for his family on Ivanovskaya Street (now it houses the Wedding Palace). The plan drawings for this building and other auxiliary buildings were prepared by English specialists, and according to construction documents, it was called the house of the director of the Kuvaevskaya Manufactory Association.

Dmitry Gennadievich had two more sons Sergey and Diodor. Sergei grew up as a very sickly boy - he had a nervous illness. They treated him a lot, showed him to specialists in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Berlin, took him to resorts. But the tragic end was inevitable: in April 1914, twenty-year-old Sergei dies.

By this time, almost all the children flew out of their father's nest. Eldest daughter Alexandra Dmitrievna married a hereditary honorary citizen of the merchant Ivan Mitrofanovich Zhavoronkov back in 1897 and lived with her family in Yelets, Oryol province. The husbands of Elizabeth and Xenia - Alexei Kuzmich Semenov (personal nobleman - officer of the Russian army) and candidate of economic sciences Lev Germanovich Pebalk helped the father-in-law in his affairs. Militsa became the wife of an officer of the Russian army V.K. Sarandinaki, and Sophia married the doctor D.N. Kuzmin.

Dmitry Gennadievich did not forget his natural son, Pyotr Semenovich Fedotov, a peasant in the village of Stepanovo, Shuisky district. He helped him get an education, determined his future fate, smart, energetic, businesslike P. S. Fedotov became deputy director of the D. G. Burylin Manufactory Association. The state archive contains about two thousand letters from P. S. Fedotov to D. G. Burylin, which perfectly characterize this outstanding person.

By 1917, only one remained in the family of Dmitry Gennadievich younger son Diodor. But there were grandchildren. Ties with numerous relatives remained strong. The Burylin family included the Zhavoronkovs, Semyonovs, Bakulins, Lopashevs, Polyakovs, Diligenskys, Novgorodskys, Levensterns, Fokins, Shapshys, and Baranovs. Dmitry Gennadievich, in his then craving for the history of the family, in 1910 developed the charter of the "Union of the Burylins" - the descendants of Diodor Andreevich, in memory of the foundation by him in the former village of Ivanovo of a cotton-printing factory, which opened the beginning of the industrial activity of the Burylins. The Union included 55 people: children and grandchildren of Dmitry Gennadievich, his sisters and brothers, children and grandchildren of sisters.

A draft charter has been preserved, printed in the printing house of A. I. Diligensky. It stated the goal of the Union as follows:

"one. To promote the development of cotton production, founded by grandfather D. A. Burylin.

2. Maintain a sense of family unity and community among members of the Burylin family.

3. Through material and moral mutual assistance, to contribute to the maintenance of tribal honor, dignity and well-being of individual members of the Union ... ".

On June 3, 1914, D. G. Burylin received a response from the Vladimir Vice-Governor to a petition for approval of the draft charter of the Burylin Union. “With a request for approval of the draft charter of the named Union, you should apply to the provincial department for affairs of societies of presence.” However, the draft charter was never approved.

The center of the family unity of the Burylins was two brother-manufacturers who provided moral and material support to their relatives. They constantly took care of the well-being of the families of their sisters A. G. Diligenskaya and O. G. Shagina. Olga Gennadievna was annually allocated a certain amount for the upbringing of children, the couple paid for purchased furniture and even for food. The Diligensky nephews studied at Moscow University, being fully supported by N. G. Burylin. In 1905, he helped Kronid and Valerian Diligensky to continue their studies in Germany, at the University of Munich.

Although the Noskovs - the parents, seven sisters and brothers of Anna Alexandrovna Burylina - were not part of the Burylin family, they also enjoyed financial support from D. G. Burylin. In this sense, his relationship with Anna Alexandrovna's two brothers - Vladimir Alexandrovich and Vasily Alexandrovich Noskov - participants in the revolutionary movement in Russia since the 90s, is indicative.

Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1878-1913), during his studies at the Ivanovo-Voznesensky real school, lived in the family of D. G. Burylin, then studied at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, receiving material support from Dmitry Gennadievich. He was one of the organizers of the "Northern Workers' Union" - a social democratic organization that led the labor movement in the industrial region of three provinces in 1901-1903 - Vladimir Kostroma, Yaroslavl. From the “Northern Workers' Union, V. A. Noskov traveled abroad to meet with V. I. Lenin.

N. K. Krupskaya wrote in her memoirs: “... a representative of the Soyuz, Noskov, arrived from Ivanovo-Voznesensk. More Russian type it was hard to imagine. Blue-eyed, blond face, slightly stooped, he spoke in "o". He came abroad with a bundle to agree on everything ... He came abroad for connections. Making connections was his profession. I remember how, seated on the stove in our narrow Munich kitchen, he told us with shining eyes about the work of the Northern Union.

Vladimir Alexandrovich was a delegate to the II Congress of the RSDPR, chairman of the commission for the development of the party's charter and a speaker from it at the congress, he was elected a member of the central committee. After the congress, he took a conciliatory position towards the Mensheviks and opposed the convocation of the Third Party Congress (1905). Conducted work in Kyiv, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Yaroslavl. Since 1907, he moved away from party activities.

Vasily Alexandrovich, a student of the medical faculty of Moscow University, frankly expressed his thoughts in letters to his beloved sister:

"Dear Anya! Thank you for the letter... In September I will go abroad with my comrades... new life. I'm learning German... What's good about you? Come on, have the constant visits of guests started again? I could not bear such a life... to entertain empty people with empty talk, to be interested in dresses and other nonsense. You can’t even call it life ... Forgive me, but, really, I imagine your summer residents only as a herd that is content with its food and finds the whole meaning of life in it ... Vasily, who loves you.

May 22, 1902. Dear sister Anya! I am asking you if you would be so kind as to send me a loan of 25 rubles until the fall ... I would turn this request to my parents, but I know that at present they have no money. I would like to see her (Masha, who is very ill), but our Yaroslavl governor will not let me into his province, he is too angry with all of us. Your proposal - to live with you, in the country, no doubt, is also one pink dream. But I'm already happy with your offer. It is gratifying in the soul when you see that for your relatives you are as close, dear person as before. It seems to me that both sides must suffer greatly ... Your brother Vasily, who loves you.”

And here is his letter to Dmitry Gennadievich:

February 9, 1915. Dear Dmitry Gennadievich! I congratulate you on the day of your Angel ... May God grant you many more years to meet and spend this day in joy and happiness. May each morning Dawn be for you, as it were, the beginning of life, and each sunset, as it were, the end of it, and may each of these short lives leaves behind a trace of good deeds done for others.

These sincere words perfectly characterize the big heart of Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin.

Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin - manufacturer, philanthropist and collector from Ivanovo-Voznesensk

We know many names of Russian patrons of the endXIX- start XXcentury, but mostly metropolitan. However, selfless benefactors and patrons wereeverywhere. I remember back in Soviet times I heard legends in Ivanovo about the founder of the main local museum, Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin. There were no books or publications about him at that time, the authorities did not want to popularize the personality of the outstanding philanthropist-manufacturer. So stories were passed from mouth to mouth, partly true, partly fantastic. They talked about the underground passage between Burylin's house and the museum; about the Egyptian mummy, which, on the instructions of Burylin, was secretly taken out of Egypt by some student, almost under the bunk in the cabin, and then died of a mysterious illness; about Burylin treasures hidden somewhere. Not everything about him is known so far.

Grandfather's sourdough

On February 22, 1860, Diodor Burylin was taking the famous Ivanovo prints to a fair in Rostov. Dense forests lined the road.Sledge runners creaked. The wagon train with an effort climbed up the mountain. The owner rode ahead in a light sleigh, on the slopes he was far ahead of the convoy and was hidden from view behind the mountain. Diodor Andreevich was already old, wandering around the fairs, he was over seventy, but what can you do? There was no hope for the son of Gennady for a long time, and the grandchildren are still small.The Old Believers Burylins from the village of Ivanova, Shuisky district, were serfs of Count Sheremetyev and for a long time were engaged in weaving. Then they mastered the printing trade, that is, they “stamped” a drawing from a carved board onto a linen canvas, then onto cotton fabric. From a young age, Diodorus knew how to do everything himself - he worked as a embosser, and a carver, and a paint maker, he himself invented “colorful secrets”. After the Moscow fire of 1812, when almost all manufactories burned down, the business of Ivanovo embossers went uphill. Chintz was then a new, fashionable material, and the patterns were pleasing to the eye. from chintzclothes were sewn by people of all classes, it was used for scarves and tablecloths, and went to furniture upholstery. The nobles also bought it, especially for the restoration of estates after the Napoleonic invasion. The village of Ivanovo and Voznesensky Posad gradually turned into the "Russian Manchester" - the future city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Diodor Burylin built a stone calico-printing factory, then tea leaves - the production of paints. Incomes grew, and in 1831 the serf peasant Burylin finally received his freedom from Count Sheremetyev - he redeemed himself and his family for huge money at that time, over 20 thousand rubles!"Russian Manchester" rose on schismatic sourdough. Almost all the "calico kings" were Old Believers, and many workers in their factories were baptized with two fingers. Later, the manufacturers built solid dormitories for them, opened cheap canteens provided various benefits. The Orthodox did not always stand up to competition with the schismatics.The industriousness of the Old Believers was closely intertwined with their convictions: they believed that God's grace can be earned by conscientious work, it was recognized as a sacred duty of man, cooperation with God, the eternal Creator. Besides,The vast majority of Old Believers did not smoke and did not take drunken things in their mouths. In industrialized areas, the schismatics fit perfectly into industrial society, often leading in many ways.

Diodor Andreevich improved production, sold goods at fairs in different cities and in Moscow itself. Burylin's capital grew, he got a stone house with a garden. But Diodor did not only care about profit - he took part in the creation of a folk theater, along with other merchants and industrialists built the Edinoverie Annunciation Church (a kind of union of the Old Believers and Orthodoxy). Later, he built an almshouse for the elderly poor near the church and fully supported them. In his estate of merchants and industrialists, Diodor Andreevich was outstanding person: had a small library, subscribed to newspapers and magazines, collected old books and other rarities. If this Old Believer had a passion, it was collecting. And he noticed with satisfaction how the eyes of Dmitry's grandson were burning at the sight of the antiquities he had collected. But the son ... Revelry, scandals, debts. A loafer and a reveler is such a rarity in an Old Believer family! Gennady himself is already the father of five daughters and two sons, but come on! It can be seen that the Lord got tired of the Burylins - workers and decided to rest on Gennady. There is only one hope for grandchildren, glorious boys: Nikolai is sixteen, Dmitry is fourteen, and both are already working at the factory as simple printers. Like him, they comprehend the matter from the basics. They should save capital for them... Diodor Andreevich hugged the casket with money and securities more tightly and fell asleep under the creak of skids and the measured ringing of bells. He did not see how the robbers jumped out from behind a snowdrift onto the road. One grabbed horses by the bridle, another knocked down the coachman with a club blow. The ataman tore the casket out of the hands of the rider, but it wasn’t there - the old man held it tenaciously. The robber's flail whistled, the weight hit the gray-haired temple ... When the guards arrived in time, Diodor Andreevich Burylin was already dead.

Last Instruction

In addition to the usual will, the grandfather left instructions to his descendants. My grandson often reread it and alwayswith tears in his eyes. “To live does not depend on us, but to live well depends on us,” wrote the grandfather. And he explained what it means to “live well”: “Your knowledge should be used for the true benefit and benefit of your neighbors and the Fatherland. Credulity is a noble and generous quality that exists in pure souls alone. Trusting people are sometimes deceived, but those who spend their lives in distrust are constantly in a pitiable state. Hope in God is the best support in life. Misfortunes teach us prudence. Dmitry Burylin followed his grandfather's precepts all his life. And now he himself is at the age of his grandfather Diodorus. He trusted people, did them a lot of good. He was often deceived - both by people and fate. Burylin used to get angry, but he was easy-going, forgiving everyone. But now he is being deceived. His factories no longer belong to him.His city is now alien to him, incomprehensible, cruel. He felt that soon the museum he created would include ticket as a regular visitor.Burylin was always in poor health, several times he wrote a "spiritual", that is, a testament, so that thoughts of death became familiar to him. “Life is not up to us,” he remembered. Now he had to prepare for the afterlife, "where there is no sickness, no sorrow, no sighing, but life is endless." He increasingly stopped at the sarcophagus with the Egyptian mummy, sorted through the signs of the Masonic lodges, read the texts of early printed church books and ancient manuscripts. The decision came by itself...

Three roads to the temple

In the fate of Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin, three types of activity were closely intertwined. He was a big industrialist. Hewas a generous benefactor and ardent patriot of his small homeland Ivanovo-Voznesensk. But he is best known as a collector and patron. At the same time, unlike most patrons, he not only invested, as they say now, in culture, but also carried out his own projects: he organized exhibitions, built a museum. “The museum is my soul, and the factory is a source of funds for life and its replenishment,” said Burylin. It was Dmitry who got the collection collected by his grandfather.But first of all, it was necessary to take care of the source, which, after a brief management of his father, the unlucky Gennady Diodorovich, almost dried up. Young, enterprising brothers Nikolai and Dmitry began to save the family business. At first, the elder brother Nikolai ran a cotton-printing factory, and Dmitry ran a tea leaves that produced paints. But soon Nikolai married the daughter of the largest Ivanovo manufacturer Kuvaev and became a co-owner and manager of an even more powerful enterprise. Since then, the entire Burylin case has been concentrated in the hands of Dmitry. He continuously built and re-equipped production, rented and bought new factories. Finally, he built and equipped a weaving factory with modern equipment, thus completing the full cycle of production and dyeing of fabrics. The technique of manual printing of fabrics was replaced by printing machines. Nevertheless, the business was sometimes on the verge of collapse: in 1880, a boiler exploded in a dye factory, a fire broke out that almost completely destroyed it; a new textile factory burned down ten years later; five years later there was an explosion and fire at a cotton gin. Despite huge losses, Burylin rebuilt and equipped production facilities, mastered the production of new types of fabrics, including knitwear and silk. The products of his factories constantly received gold and silver medals at all-Russian and international exhibitions.

Working conditions at the Burylin factories were no better and no worse than at other Ivanovo-Voznesensk manufactories. They were hired from the age of 15, the working day for everyone was 13 hours, the salary for men ranged from 8 to 15 rubles a month, for women and children - 6 rubles. Among the first industrialists, Burylin realized the benefits of military supplies and began to produce cotton raw materials for gunpowder factories, silk for artillery charging caps, gauze and cotton wool for hospitals. After the end of the Russo-Japanese War, the profits of Burylin's factories decreased significantly, and competition with other Ivanovo-Voznesensk textile workers intensified. Burylin combined family funds and in 1909 created “Association of manufactories D.G. Burylin" with a fixed capital of 750 thousand rubles. Dmitry Gennadievich transferred to the ownership of the Partnership not only factories, but also those acquired in different time houses and plots of land in the city and beyond outside. Naturally, he became both the founder and chairman of the Board of Directors of the Partnership. Shortly before the First World War, the fixed capital of the Partnership was already one and a half million rubles, and the annual productivity was two and a half million. Growth is impressive, but at the same time, D.G. Burylin was far from being the richest manufacturer in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The partnership of Ivan Gorelin with his sons, for example, was three times larger than the Burylin one in terms of fixed capital and six times in terms of annual productivity. However, no one gave so much for the improvement of the city, for helping the needy, for the spiritual needs of fellow citizens, as Dmitry Burylin.

Nadezhda Kharlampievna became famous for her charity, the Kuvaev hospital built by them was among the best in the province. The spouses were the first to become honorary citizens of the city from the merchant class, and Nadezhda Kharlampievna was also the first among women to be awarded such a title. For twenty-eight years in a row, Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin was elected a member of the city council of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, was a trustee of hospitals, schools and gymnasiums - right up to the rural parochial school. And not only patronized, but also constantly donated considerable funds. He did not refuse even individual applicants - artists, scientists and at all strangers. Here is Burylin's entry in 1915: "Donated to various persons - 2065 rubles." Confidence in him was so great that he was asked to be an executor, to manage hereditary capital, to take care of orphans. In total, he held various positions in 57 city and public institutions. One, at his own expense, arranged a boulevard in the city center, where on SundaySenyam played a brass band. He was one of the sponsors and trustees of the new real school. Thanks to the efforts of Burylin, the wooden Assumption Church, built back in XVIIcentury, which the city authorities wanted to demolish. The transfer of the church to another place, its restoration and the construction of a school with it - all this was done at the expense of Burylin. D.G. Burylin was the first to start collecting materials on the history of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and the development of local industry. He dreamed of publishing a book about his native city. Concluded an agreement with scientists of various specialties, paid advances, provided rare materials, but ... Only the historian Tokmakov worked hard, the rest of his colleagues did not fulfill their obligations. The book was never published. And all the same, Burylin smoothly introduced all those interested in his collection, provided printed materials. Many used the information received from him, but few mentioned the source.

First mummy

Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin received no education, except for the lessons of home teachers. But his great curiosity, natural intelligence and intuition helped him understand history, archeology, art history - not from textbooks, but, so to speak, in practice. He was interested in everything, so his collection consisted of many collections: ethnography, painting and sculpture, applied arts, weapons, coins and medals, old books and manuscripts. Each contained genuine masterpieces; some of the collections - for example, Masonic and, of course, textile - are unique in general. Burylin was reproached during his lifetime for such a variety of interests, but descendants should be grateful to him: he created a “museum about everything”, which is especially important for a provincial city, where there are not so many museums as in the capital. He collected his collections both in Russia and abroad: he visited almost all European countries, Turkey and Egypt. There, in the Cairo Archaeological Museum, he acquired a mummy in a sarcophagus. The execution of the transaction and the delivery of the mummy were entrusted to the guide and translator on this trip - a student of Kiev University Alexander Levin. Contrary to popular legend, the purchase and transportation of the mummy was carried out legally, albeit with great difficulty. But the exhibit itself was so exotic that it gave rise to many speculations. At that time, it was the only Egyptian mummy delivered to Russia. To replenish the collection and consultations, Burylin met and corresponded with prominent personalities, for example, with the director of the Historical Museum, Prince N.S. Shcherbatov, with a patron and owner of the literary and theater museum A.A. Bakhrushin, with the founder of the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow, Professor I.V. Tsvetaev, with historians G.V. Vernadsky and V.E. Tarle. Later, he consulted with Leo Tolstoy about the construction of a reading room in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, more than once sent fabrics for poor children to Yasnaya Polyana. Unlike many collectors who are engaged in collecting “for the soul”, but exclusively for their own, Burylin initially collected his future museum for everyone. Back in 1896, he bequeathed his collection hometown: "The said collection should subsequently be the property of the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and should never be sold or plundered (it was acquired with great need and labor)". Last words- not an exaggeration, Burylin's household really sometimes tightened their belts due to another acquisition of their father. He even asked his family for forgiveness for his exorbitant expenses, verbally and in wills, but, thank God, the family shared the noble aspirations of Dmitry Gennadievich.

At first, the exhibits were stored in the basement of his large house. Since 1887, Dmitry Gennadievich began to take part in various exhibitions: in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Chicago. Visited his exhibitions three timesEmperor Nicholas IIand praised the activities of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk philanthropist. There were exhibitions in hometown, interest in them was so great that Burylin opened the basement of his own house to the public. Of course, the room was not adapted for museum purposes. Dmitry Gennadievich decided to build a museum building - on his own plot of land, opposite his house. The house and the museum, indeed, were connected by an underground passage, it was not a whim of the owner, it was a purely practical solution. The grand opening of the museum took place on December 26, 1914. Many solemn speeches were delivered, many warm thanks were expressed. But the museum was opened to visitors, and Burylin was left alone with all the museum's difficulties and, as before, with huge expenses. On the one hand, his work was appreciated: he became a hereditary honorary citizen of the city, received gold and silver medals, the Order of St. Stanislaus of the 2nd degree. However, as there were no assistants, they did not appear. Only the “eternal student” Tarabukin selflessly worked alongside Burylin from 1892 until he was called to the First World War, and in 1915 he died.

Bolshevik award.

The Burylins did not interfere in politics. The descendants of the schismatics had not been an opposition force for a long time, but they had nothing to love the authorities for. Everything that they have achieved was acquired by their own labor, not thanks to, but often contrary to the existing order. Most of the Old Believer factory owners were tolerant of the labor movement: they recognized the right of workers to discuss and defend their interests. But at that time even trade unions were banned in Russia. The factory owners did not approve of strikes and strikes, but they did not turn to the authorities either, they tried to negotiate peace themselves. Perhaps these relations, exceptional for Russia, between employers and workers became a breeding ground for the emergence of the first Soviets.

Museum of Burylin Ivanovo

The project of the coat of arms of Ivanovo-Voznesensk.

In a recent essay on the poet Nikolai Rubtsov (Top Secret, No. 2), I wrote that the Russian idea of death akin to ancient Egyptian: it is important that something remains - a body, a coffin, a grave, a cross: then a different life is possible. I then I did not expect that I would find confirmation of this in the fate of Burylin. The philanthropist and philanthropist, who had done so much for his city and countrymen and lost everything, counted only on a posthumous reward. But, deceived and slandered, could he expect that his grave, coffin, body would not be plundered and desecrated? Ivanovo scientist A.M. Benevolensky believed that in the last years of his life, D.G. Burylin was seriously interested in ways to preserve the body incorruptible. Benevolensky was the first researcher of the Egyptian mummy kept in the museum, corresponded with the daughter of D.G. Burylin and seemed to find confirmation of this version. Once from a remote Siberian village Burylin was brought a coffin-deck, a kind of sarcophagus lined with herbs, a mummy lay on them - it was a woman,clearly Slavic. The person who delivered the mummy said that there are people in their area who know the secret of "incorruptibility". Soon two gray-haired men came to Burylin, they brought a deck from the trunk Siberian larch and herbs. They were cooking for Burylin special herbal decoctions, the old man drank them and ate almost nothing. In recent days, he seemed to glow from within.The peasants dug in a secret place a grave as deep as a well. Two decks were lowered there - one with the deceased D.G. Burylin, another with the mummy of a Slav.

And who was buried in the cemetery? An old friend of our family, the famous scientist and writer Stanislav Grigoryevich Smirnov, met and talked for a long time with the former Chekist A.Kh. Mednikov. He admitted that the rumors about the "Burylin millions" haunted him. And for some reason he decided that Burylin took the diamonds with him to the grave - he swallowed it or hid it in a coffin. Chekist achieved exhumation. When the deck was opened, they found not diamonds for the dictatorship of the proletariat, but a rag doll instead of a corpse. True, isn't it? If true, then Burylin, deceived by everyone, this time deceived everyone, except for those closest to him, initiated into his secret plan. One thing is indisputable: Burylin's life continues in the life of his museum. It also had irreparable losses. Some exhibits have been lost, others have been destroyed, such as bronze busts of Russian emperors. Some of the collections were sent to other museums: Masonic - to the Hermitage, Eastern - to the Moscow Museum of the Arts of the Peoples of the East, antique - to the museums of Crimea, destroyed and plundered by the Nazis during the war. All this impoverished the Burylin Museum, but did not detract from its enormous cultural significance. Finally, and famous mummy together with the entire Egyptian collection were transferred to the Ivanovo Art Museum. Research on the mummy stopped there. It was only reliably established that this was the mummy of an Egyptian woman. However, museum staff say that, in fact, D.G. Burylin acquired and took out of Egypt two mummies, one was in good condition, suitable for exhibiting, the other was much worse. She was hidden in a special vault, the entrance was walled up over time. This mystery is still waiting for its researcher.

Seekers - Mummy from Ivanovo!

Decades passed, and the museum regained the name of the creator, now it is the Ivanovo State Museum of Local Lore named after D.G. Burylin. In the lobby, the visitor can once again read the commemorative inscription made in 1915. Museum of Industry and Art assembledie antiquities and rarities Built by DmitriI eat Gennadyevich Burylin for general useiI am in memory of his grandfather Diodor Andreevich Burylin To be honest, you should return museum exhibits and entire collections distributed at the discretion of officials to other museums. Hermitage and Moscow museums will not become poorer, Crimean museums have long been restored and replenished with their own archaeological rarities, and the integrity of the collection of D.G. Burylin will be restored. If we insist on Sources -

Historical and biographical information of the entrepreneur

In 1875, Nikolai Gennadievich married N. Kh. Kuvaeva, the daughter of the Ivanovo manufacturer Kh. I. Kuvaev, and after the death of his wife's parents, he established the "Association of the Kuvaev print-printing manufactory." Dmitry continued the work of his father, and only after 5 years the production got stronger and began to develop. Dmitry Gennadyevich Burylin received a "home" education, but had a great passion for learning and studied on his own all his life. According to his abilities, he was a real Russian nugget. An inquisitive mind, seething energy, diligence and initiative were the main driving forces of his activity. As a result, in 1909, in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, the "Partnership of Manufactories of D. G. Burylin" and the "Partnership of Shuya-Yegorievskaya Manufactory" were created. Their founder and founder was D. G. Burylin. Leading such a huge commercial and industrial business, he took an active part in the public life of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and in various scientific societies in Moscow and St. Petersburg. His social activities were aimed at helping to improve his native city and organizing charity events. Taking care of the enlightenment of the Ivanovo people, he organized a four-year school in his house, of which he was a trustee for many years. Dmitry Gennadievich raised his own nine children in labor and did everything possible to educate them. All children became real people worthy of their father.

From the age of 14, together with his brother Nikolai, he led the work of a cotton-printing factory, inherited from his grandfather. In 1919 the factories and Burylin's museum were nationalized. His museum was renamed the Ivanovo-Voznesensky City Museum, and Burylin himself was left in it, at the suggestion of Mikhail Frunze, as the main curator. Burylin's estate was never returned. Moreover, they falsely accused him of hiding and plundering museum valuables and in 1924 he was removed from the post of museum curator.

On September 13, 1924, Burylin died. Initially, he was buried at the Annunciation cemetery at the Church of the Annunciation, but in 1969 he was reburied at the Balino cemetery.

Now the local history museum bears the name of Burylin, on which a memorial plaque is installed in honor of the founder of the museum.

Type of entrepreneurial activity

In 1876, Dmitry Gennadievich Burylin joined the merchants of the 2nd guild. In 1877 he married Maria Stepanovna, daughter of the Shuisky lumber merchant SV Romanov. In the same year, D. Burylin built a stone factory on the site of a family wooden welding factory, and next to it - a two-story building of a dye-printing factory. In 1870, Dmitry Gennadievich acquired a large plot of land on Aleksandrovskaya Street. Part of it was intended for a new building of a real school (now it houses the regional art museum and the chemical-technological technical school), and closer to Uvod in 1860, 2 stone two-story buildings of a mechanical cotton-printing factory were built (now the building of Ivanovo State University). The factory had steam heating and was lit by kerosene lamps; produced eraser, calico, twill, jacquard fabrics. The product was sold in Moscow and at various fairs. In 1882, Burylin got a new estate in the center of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, near the Exaltation of the Cross Church (now Revolution Square). Here was a stone dyeing and finishing factory. By 1890 the factory employed more than 500 people. The owner himself received a salary of 6 thousand rubles. per year (the average salary of men at his factory is 15 rubles per month, women and children - 6 rubles).

Dmitry Gennadievich met with Emperor Nicholas II three times (1896, 1912 and 1913). He was introduced to His Imperial Majesty, and was honored with a conversation about his (Burylin's) collections of old chintz, the original production in Russia, which the sovereign and his family examined. On the anniversary days of the Patriotic War of 1812, D. G. Burylin, at the museum exhibition of 1812, presented silk scarves to the daughters of the emperor, made at his factory according to the rarest original engraving of the 1812 era.

Special income Burylin brought the supply of necessary goods during the Russian-Japanese war. Cotton ends, cotton wool, gauze, silk fabrics for artillery cap charges were in great demand. In 1906 and 1908 D. Burylin owned two more factories - one in Ivanovo-Voznesensk, the other in Shuisky district. In March 1909, the charter of the D. G. Burylin Manufactory Association was approved, the founder was a merchant of the 1st guild (since 1899), a hereditary honorary citizen D. G. Burylin. Fixed capital - 750 thousand rubles. In 1909, the Partnership's products were awarded a gold medal (at an exhibition in Kazan). Since 1912, the Partnership has been an enterprise with millions of turnovers.

In 1876 he joined the Second Merchant Guild. In the same year, he built a stone building for a dyeing and printing workshop.

In 1899 he became a merchant of the First Guild.

In 1909, he founded the "Partnership of Manufactories D. G. Burylin in Ivanovo-Voznesensk" with a capital of half a million rubles and the "Partnership of Shuya-Egorievsk Manufactory".

Charity (philanthropy)

For 28 years he was elected as a member of the City Duma. He has held various public positions in city and public institutions.

In 1902 he received the title of Hereditary Honorary Citizen of the city of Ivanov-Voznesensk.

Throughout his life, Dmitry Burylin collected a collection of rarities and antiquities, which later became the basis for the museum.

In April 1903 Burylin's collection was shown to the public for the first time in the building of a women's vocational school.

In 1913, Burylin brought an ancient mummy from Egypt, which is now an exhibit of the Ivanovo Art Museum (an ancient Egyptian sarcophagus of the 21st dynasty).

Everything collected by Dmitry Burylin consisted of the following independent collections:

Archaeological collection

· Ethnographic collection

Numismatic collection

Collection of smoking pipes

Collection of inkwells

· Collection of playing cards

・Clothes collection

Collection of women's jewelry

· Collection of icons

Collection of rare books

・Watch collection

Collection of paintings and engravings

In addition to these collections, Burylin also collected the so-called "Masonic collection", which included Masonic signs different countries, symbolic clothes, manuscripts, books, as well as weapons and objects for knighting. In the 1920s, this collection was transferred to the Hermitage, where it is kept.

For the children of poor parents, Burylin organized charitable free lunches at his own expense and allocated funds to help the poor, and children from shelters for New Year bought gifts.

In 1904, on the initiative of Burylin, the wooden church XVII century. At his own expense, he transferred it to the Assumption Cemetery, where it still stands.

In 1912, he built a retaining wall with a lattice in the form of a wave and planted a linden alley along the current Ivanovo Lenin Avenue and Baturin Street.

But perhaps the main business of life for Dmitry Gennadievich was the creation of a museum of his region. "The museum and work in it," Burylin admitted, "is my soul, and the factory is only a necessity." His grandmother, Evdokia Mikhailovna, noticed his love for antiquity in him, and in 1864 handed over to her grandson a library of Slavic-Russian books, a collection of coins and other things of grandfather Diodor Andreevich. These items formed the basis of the future unique collection. Collecting rare items has become a life passion of Dmitry Gennadievich. To this end, he traveled to various cities in Russia, to Germany, England, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Italy. And often on trips he was accompanied by his daughters, who owned foreign languages. He carried on extensive correspondence with various Russian and foreign collectors and antique dealers in search of the most interesting and rare items. The idea of creating a museum became the meaning of his life, and in 1904 he opened the doors of the ancestral home for those wishing to visit his museum, located on the ground floor. In August 1912, the laying of a new museum building took place by the Burylin brothers.

On December 17, 1914, the museum was opened, and on December 25, on the initiative of D. G. Burylin, the first art and industrial exhibition in Ivanovo-Voznesensk began its work with a charitable purpose. Funds were collected for the benefit of the wounded. Until the end of his life, D. G. Burylin was devoted to his museum and his native city. After the October Revolution, on the recommendation of M. V. Frunze, who in 1918 was the chairman of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk provincial executive committee and the provincial party committee, he worked as the main curator in the museum. Despite all the hardships that befell the former manufacturer under Soviet rule, D. G. Burylin also takes part in the public life of the city. So, for example, in 1918 he was a member of the committee for the establishment of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Polytechnic Institute. In the 1920s, the already ill Dmitry Gennadievich collected new exhibits for the museum and took part in archaeological expeditions. September 13, 1924 D. G. Burylin died. Burylin bequeathed all his collections, more than 24,000 works of art, and the building of the museum to his native city. In the future, the richest Burylin collection was enough to organize three museums: local history, art and the Ivanovo chintz museum, and the library, about 60 thousand books, formed the basis of the city public library.

The Burylinskaya library is the rarest and richest collection of books and publications, which is of great value not only for the city of Ivanovo, but for the whole of Russia. It owes its appearance to the energy and tireless activity of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk manufacturer, collector of rarities and antiquities - Dmitry Genadievich Burylin. The library was inaugurated simultaneously with the "Museum of Industry and Art" on December 26, 1914. She was given one of the best halls of the museum. The library was intended for public use by visitors, was free of charge and worked from 10 am to 10 pm daily, except for church holidays. It had a reading room, which was also used for public readings and lectures. The collection of books by D. G. Burylin contained literature in different languages on various branches of knowledge. At present, the book collection of D. G. Burylin is deprived of its integrity and scattered among museums, libraries, educational institutions, private collections in our city, and possibly other cities. The main goal of recreating the library is to unite the disparate parts of the collection into a single whole, replenish it, study it, preserve it, and popularize it. The number of volumes of DG Burylin's library is more than ten thousand copies. A separate building was built for them, which is located on the territory of the museum of Ivanovo calico and is located in the complex of buildings of the estate of D. G. Burylin. The library building provides for: a repository for the library museum fund, a rare book depository, a repository for albums with samples of domestic and foreign fabrics of the 19th and early 20th centuries, an office for the work of textile specialists, a reading room with office equipment providing access to electronic catalogs.

During his lifetime, D. G. Burylin enjoyed honor and respect in the city and did a lot for Ivanovo-Voznesensk himself. For 28 years in a row he was elected a member of the City Duma, since 1872 he held various positions in 57 city and public institutions. He was not interested in politics, he was neutral towards the parties, but he was a true patron and philanthropist. In 1883, the head of Ivanovo-Voznesensk informed Burylin that he had been elected to the commission for the construction of a new building for a real school; upon completion of construction, Burylin became his trustee. He was also among the trustees of a mechanical school, a women's gymnasium, a women's trade and vocational school, and a parochial school at the Assumption Church. For 37 years he headed the board of trustees of the second zemstvo school, for 21 years he was a member of the guardianship of the school of colorists. In 1914, he was unanimously elected trustee of the parish school by the peasants of the village of Afanasovo. In 1900, Empress Maria Fedorovna appointed Dmitry Gennadievich an honorary member of the Shuya district guardianship of orphanages. For his activities and donations to the institutions of the Ministry of Education, Burylin was awarded a gold medal with the Stanislav Ribbon by an imperial decree. In 1910, at his own expense, Dmitry Gennadievich built a boulevard on Aleksandrovskaya Street opposite his own house. For this, 224 lime trees and 1,000 hawthorn bushes were brought from Riga. The boulevard exists to this day and is called Lenin Avenue. In 1918, the D. G. Burylin Manufactory Association transferred 50 thousand rubles to the observatory and meteorological station fund. In the same year, everything was nationalized, Dmitry Gennadievich was left without a livelihood.

In 1912, the 100th anniversary of the industrial and social activities of the Burylin family was celebrated. Burylin marked this date by laying the foundation stone for the building of the future museum. The construction of the museum according to the project of the architect P. A. Trubnikov was completed in 1915. At the same time, the low and damp bank of the Uvodi River was landscaped. The museum building houses a drawing school. In one of the best halls, Dmitry Gennadievich and his wife set up a library and a reading room, for which 200 thousand rubles were donated. Burylin designed the museum building as a city landmark. He assigned a large role to the external decor of the building. Marble figures of ancient gods intended for its pediments were kept in wooden boxes until the end of construction. Wrought iron doors were ordered from the best craftsmen. From Italy they brought colored tiles and mosaics for the floor, marble for the main staircase. The building was equipped with an elevator and a clock built into the pediment with electric night lighting.

The beginning of the collection of Dmitry Gennadievich was laid by his grandfather Diodor. From the age of 14, Dmitry began to collect coins, weapons, and books himself. He collected during his life everything or almost everything that can be summed up under the concept of rarities. Even during the life of the collector, his collection largely determined the cultural life of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, and later became the catalyst for the creation of a whole family of museums and museum expositions that made Ivanovo one of the richest territories in Russia in this respect. Fascinated by collecting, experiencing the joy of owning not only antiques, Burylin somewhat naively, probably believed that his museum could become a repository that knows no boundaries. Hence the abundance of diverse items that made up his collection. Dmitry Gennadievich spent colossal funds on his collection, sometimes to the detriment of his family. To purchase items, he traveled to various cities in Russia, as well as to England, Austria, Germany, Greece, Egypt, Italy, Poland, Turkey, France, Finland, Belgium, Switzerland. In 1913, in Egypt, he even acquired an ancient mummy.

The ethnographic collections were very diverse, of which the Russian collection was the largest. The ethnographic collections included household items, dishes and utensils, clothes, hats, weapons, military equipment, tools and a huge collection of fabric samples (over a million), mostly locally produced, ranging from old hand-made heels of the 17-18 centuries, as well fabrics and from Japan, China, Persia, Western Europe. Of great value was the department of the East and Central Asia. The collection of objects of the Buddhist cult was unique - there was no such thing in pre-revolutionary Russia.

Already in 1885, the numismatic collection alone numbered up to 100 thousand coins, orders and medals of the 16th-19th centuries from 236 states and cities. In 1883, Burylin was elected a full member of the Moscow Numismatic Society, a member of the geographical department of the imperial society of lovers of natural science, anthropology and ethnography at Moscow University, although he received only home education. One of the best in Russia was the Masonic collection. It contained the rarest Masonic signs of all countries, all Masonic lodges, symbolic clothes, manuscripts and books, weapons, keys, all items for knighting. The description of Burylin's Masonic collection was included in the two-volume publication Freemasonry in its Past and Present. Of great interest were the collections of: Russian and Western European smoking pipes; Russian metal inkwells of the 17th century; playing cards of various times - about 100 decks of Russian, Japanese, Chinese, French, German. Dmitry Gennadievich also collected icons, spiritual books, engravings, and porcelain.

The sections of Russian, Eastern and Western European metal utensils of the 17th-19th centuries were significant; tiles of the 17th-19th centuries; silver filigree products of Russian work of the 19th century. The collection of clocks was interesting, which included wooden clocks with a wooden mechanism of Russian work, sand clocks, sun clocks, mantel clocks, table clocks, English work of the 18-19 centuries. The pride of the owner was the watch made in 1873 by the Parisian mechanic Albert Billet - a unique world-class watch: 95 dials showed astronomical, chronological and geographical time, the length of day and night, noted what time it was in London and Berlin, Paris and Lisbon, Moscow and St. Petersburg , Beijing and Bombay. The collection of fine arts (more than 500 paintings) contained works by Aivazovsky, Vereshchagin, A. Benois, Makovsky, Polenov, Shishkin, as well as Western European engravings.

The archaeological collection included monuments of culture and art of Ancient Greece, Rome, and Egypt. The collection of early printed books and manuscripts (Apostol, 1564; Psalter with engravings by Durer, 1521) was notable for its richness. Dmitry Gennadievich collected essays on jurisprudence, starting from the 16th-17th centuries, rare books physicians of the 16th-18th centuries, ancient manuscripts. There were many manuscripts in the collection in Arabic, Persian, Tibetan, Armenian, Georgian, Sanskrit. D. G. Burylin met with L. N. Tolstoy, corresponded with him, on the day of the death of the great writer he was in Astapovo, brought from there the death mask of Tolstoy. In the Burylin Museum, many things were associated with Lev Nikolaevich (portraits, busts, photographs, publications about the great writer). Until 1919, Dmitry Gennadievich corresponded with Sofia Andreevna Tolstaya. The first collections of Burylin could be seen at an exhibition in Moscow organized in 1887-1888 by the Russian Historical Museum and the Anthropological Museum of Moscow University. Burylin donated a large pictorial portrait of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to the Historical Museum, and a collection of manuscripts in 16 volumes to the Anthropological Museum. In 1891, at the Central Asian Exhibition in Moscow, which was also held in the Historical Museum, a collection of Asian and Oriental coins was exhibited, which drew the attention of Emperor Alexander III. Dmitry Gennadievich organized the first exhibition from the "collection of antiquities and rarities" in Ivanovo-Voznesensk in April 1903.

Even before the revolution, Burylin transferred the museum to the full ownership of the city, so formally it did not have to be nationalized. In the 1920s, the Masonic part was transferred from the Burylin collection to the Hermitage. In the 1930s, more than half of the oriental collection went to the Moscow Museum oriental cultures. After the Great Patriotic War, the archaeological part of the collection was transferred to Kherson and Kerch. In Ivanovo, from the remains of the Burylin collection, three museums were organized: local history, art and the museum of Ivanovo calico, and the library, about 60 thousand books, became the basis of the city public library. In the post-Soviet years, the State Association of Local History Museums of the city of Ivanovo was named after D. G. Burylin.

Dmitry Gennadievich wanted to write a book on the history of the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk, he collected a lot of factual material, in particular, on the history of the textile industry in the region. In 1911, to compile the book, an agreement was concluded with the historian-archaeologist, court adviser, full member of the statistical committees and scientific archival commissions of many provinces of Russia, Ivan Fedorovich Tokmakov, the author of interesting and detailed historical descriptions of villages, cities, monasteries, churches, factories, plants in Russia . Burylin also corresponded with I. V. Tsvetaev, a native of the Vladimir region. To work on the book, Dmitry Gennadievich attracted many people - scientists, historians, philologists from Moscow, Ivanovo artists and scientists. But only Tokmakov was a real helper. The book was supposed to be published in 1915, but the idea was never realized.

During his lifetime, D. G. Burylin enjoyed honor and respect in the city and did a lot for Ivanovo-Voznesensk himself. For 28 years in a row he was elected as a member of the City Duma. From 1872 he held various positions in 57 city and public institutions. He was not interested in politics, he was neutral towards the parties, but he was a true patron and philanthropist. In 1883, the head of Ivanovo-Voznesensk informed Burylin that he had been elected to the commission for the construction of a new building for a real school; upon completion of construction, Burylin became his trustee. He was also among the trustees of a mechanical school, a women's gymnasium, a women's trade and vocational school, and a parochial school at the Assumption Church. For 37 years he headed the board of trustees of the Second Zemstvo School, for 21 years he was a member of the trusteeship of the school of colorists. In 1914 he was unanimously elected as a trustee of the parochial school by the peasants of the Afanasovo settlement.

In 1900, Empress Maria Fedorovna appointed Dmitry Gennadievich an honorary member of the Shuya district guardianship of orphanages. For his activities and donations to the institutions of the Ministry of Education, Burylin was awarded a gold medal with the Stanislav Ribbon by an imperial decree. He also received other awards. Over the years, he received a silver medal on the St. Andrew's ribbon, established in memory of the Coronation of Emperor Nicholas II; a gold medal on the Vladimir ribbon; the Red Cross medal established to commemorate participation in the Red Cross Society during the Russo-Japanese War; a silver medal on a double Vladimir and Alexander ribbon; a light bronze medal instituted in memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty; was granted the Knight of the Imperial Order of St. Anna 5th degree. In 1910, at his own expense, Dmitry Gennadievich arranged a boulevard on Aleksandrovskaya Street opposite the ancestral home. For this, 224 lime trees and 1,000 hawthorn bushes were brought from Riga. The boulevard exists to this day and is called Lenin Avenue. Back in 1918, the D. G. Burylin Manufactory Association transferred 50,000 rubles to the fund for the construction of an observatory and a meteorological station. In the same year, everything was nationalized, Dmitry Gennadievich was left without a livelihood.

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