Ring mushroom grown indoors all year round. Growing ring mushrooms. Technology for growing ringweed in beds

This beautiful mushroom is easily recognized by its preference for wood chips and other urban habitats, its purple-gray gills, spore trails, and its distinctive rings that are found at the top of the mushroom. Fresh caps range in color from wine red to reddish brown, but sometimes reach a yellowish color.

This crib can be collected for weeks from spring to autumn in the garden, on compost or wood chips, where quite a lot of them grow in one group; ring mushroom is a fairly fleshy mushroom. Mainly their habitat area North America. Cap: 4-15 cm, convex, bell-shaped at first, then becomes broadly convex, sticky, smooth, cracks sometimes develop as the mushroom gets older.
The leg is 7-15 cm long, 1-3 cm thick, dry and uniform, with an enlarged base, white, darkens from yellowish to brown with age, with a thick ring that resembles a gear wheel. The pulp is strong and white, has a pleasant taste, and smells like radish. The spores of ring mushrooms are dark and purple, just like their caps.

Koltsevik contains many minerals, as well as B vitamins, it contains nicotinic acid, which helps improve digestion and nervous system. They are quite rare in nature.

Koltsevik is one of the most beautiful mushrooms. Despite the fact that this mushroom is a little-known mushroom, it is still recognized by mushroom growers for its excellent taste and nutritional properties. The name stropharia comes from the Greek strophos, which means belt, belt, which is associated with the presence of a large double ring on the stem of the mushroom. Hence the second name - ringlet. Found in nature in deciduous forests. Amenable to artificial cultivation. IN industrial production rarely used. By appearance ring ring reminds White mushroom, sometimes it can be confused with boletus and boletus. The taste is reminiscent of boletus.

The first description of the ringlet was made in 1922 in the USA, and in the thirties the ringlet was recognized in leading European countries: France, Germany, Czech Republic. Around the same time, ringweed appeared in Japan, and then in the Primorye region of Russia. Everywhere the ringweed is considered valuable and nutritious mushroom, its taste is somewhat sharper than that of champignon, and its consistency is softer. In terms of taste and culinary qualities, it is equated to boletus and boletus. Ring mushroom is a very nutritious product. The content of protein with complete amino acid composition in the fruiting body of this mushroom is 15-22%. It is rich in the composition of minerals, especially phosphorus, potassium, iron, sulfur, calcium, etc. There are several times more vitamins of groups B and PP in ringweed than in some vegetables. Thanks to its unique nutritional and medicinal properties, as well as its aesthetic appearance, ringweed has long been popular among amateur mushroom growers. Growing ring mushrooms, although not very common in industrial mushroom growing, still many mushroom growers successfully grow this mushroom, both outdoors(by the extensive method), and in specially adapted structures by the intensive method.

Koltsevik

Brief characteristics of the fungus, features of its growth

Koltsevik is little-known mushroom, belongs to the wrinkled ring (Stropharia ragoso-annulala). It is lamellar, litter-bearing, but similar in appearance to boletus. This mushroom grows in fertile fertilized soil outside the forest. Very rarely it can be found in deciduous forests. Ringweed grows on Far East, in Belarus. There are many varieties of it, some of them are poisonous. This summer mushroom. It bears fruit from early summer until October (Fig. 19).

The cap of the ringlet is very fleshy, its color varies from gray-brown to chestnut-red. The young mushroom has a convex, brick-red cap, and a thick and light-colored stem. It resembles a white mushroom. Over time, the cap becomes lighter. Its edge is curved and has a membrane cover, which breaks after the mushroom ripens, but remains on the stalk in the form of a ring. Also, the remains of the bedspread are noticeable on the cap. The leg is always thick at the base and smooth. The plates are white, then become bluish-gray or black-violet. The cap can grow from 5 to 20 cm in diameter, and the fruiting bodies reach a weight of 50 to 100 g. The taste of the ringlet is reminiscent of boletus. The technology for its cultivation was first used in 1969 in the GDR. It is common in Western and of Eastern Europe. This mushroom is undemanding to growing conditions; a simple substrate is enough for it. And according to taste qualities it is in no way inferior to champignon. Ringweed is well stored and transported.

Figure 19. Ring

Selection and preparation of a site

Ringweed can be cultivated under film, in basements, tunnels, greenhouses, and in beds. If you grow a mushroom in open ground, then you need to choose a place for it that is warm and protected from the wind.

You can use wood chips as a nutrient substrate for the fungus. arboreal trees or cereal straw. Pre-moistened winter wheat and rye are better suited for this purpose.

You can also use flaxseed and shredded corn stalks. You cannot use hay, sawdust, weeds, leaves, as well as manure and minerals as a substrate. If you grow ringweed in open ground, you can mix the spent champignon substrate with straw and moisten it.

The substrate should begin to be prepared in mid-May, and the mycelium should be planted in mid-June. Rotten or moldy straw is not suitable for the substrate. Golden straw should be chopped to 3–5 cm. For 1 m2 of planting area, you need to take from 15 to 25 kg of straw.

If you want to a large number of substrate, then the straw should be laid on a hard, clean surface and evenly moistened with water from a hose or watering can 2-3 times a day for 6-10 days. In order for the straw to be moistened evenly, it must be mixed 3-4 times with a pitchfork. It is also necessary to ensure that self-heating does not occur.

If you need to moisten a small amount of the substrate, then the straw can be placed in containers - bathtubs, pools, barrels. In this case, the substrate needs to be soaked for 2-3 days. In order to prevent fermentation, the water should be changed every day. You can also soak the straw in hot water within 48 hours. The substrate must be pasteurized. To do this, pre-soaked straw should be placed in plastic bags, heated to 58–60 °C and kept at this temperature for 12 hours. Then the temperature should be reduced by 1–1.5 °C per day for 8 days.

The substrate should not be placed on bare ground, as it can be infected with various fungal pests. The prepared substrate must be laid in a layer of 20–25 cm on film or in boxes or plastic bags 50–60 cm high and 40 cm in diameter. The substrate should be filled in layers and compacted tightly, otherwise it will dry out.

Seeding mycelium

Immediately after filling the substrate, the mycelium is sown. It is planted at the rate of 500–600 g of any mycelium, grain or straw, per 1 m2. The mycelium must be divided into pieces the size of a chestnut fruit and spread evenly over the entire surface of the substrate. Then embed the mycelium to a depth of 5–8 cm. To do this, lift the straw with one hand and put pieces of the mycelium into the formed recess with the other. This text is an introductory fragment.

Can you name the mushrooms shown in the picture? Some will say that these are boletus mushrooms, others - boletus mushrooms, and still others will somehow resemble russula. And everyone will be wrong. These beauties are one of the types of stropharia, or, more simply, ringworms. Have you seen these in the forest? And they were unlikely to meet you.

Ring mushrooms are little-known edible mushrooms. They are lamellar, like russula, but in shape and color they are similar to noble boletus. The color of the fleshy cap is from gray-brown to chestnut-red, the plates are white, but over time their color changes from bluish-gray to black-violet. The diameter of the cap reaches 20 cm, weight up to a kilogram. The taste of ringweed resembles boletus. An important advantage of these mushrooms, when compared, for example, with champignons, is their undemandingness to growing conditions, ease of preparation of the nutrient substrate and, in general, ease of cultivation.

In nature, ringweed grows on good soils and plant debris, usually outside the forest, but occasionally in deciduous forests. Fruits from June to October. In our country it is found in the Far East. It should be noted that among stropharia mushrooms in other regions of the country, in particular in Belarus, there are inedible and even poisonous ones.

You can grow ringweed in greenhouses, in tunnels under film, in basements and in beds. In the garden, warm areas protected from the wind are chosen for it.

The nutrient substrate for this fungus is usually the straw of grain crops (preferably winter wheat or rye), moistened to 70-75%. Flaxseed flax and chopped corn stalks are also suitable. All these materials can be mixed. But sawdust, leaves, hay, and weeds are completely unsuitable, and manure and mineral supplements harm their development. When growing ringweed in open ground, you can use spent champignon substrate mixed with straw and moistened.

Substrate preparation and mycelium planting are carried out from mid-May to early June. Take pre-prepared straw that is golden in color; moldy or rotten straw is unusable. Straw size does not have special significance, but it is still better to chop them up to 3-5 cm. For 1 m" of planting area there are from 15 to 25 kg of straw. If a large amount of substrate is being prepared, then the straw is placed in a heap on a clean surface and evenly moistened with water from a hose and. garden watering can 2-3 times daily for 6-10 days. For more uniform moistening, the pile is thoroughly mixed every other day with a pitchfork, making sure that there is no self-heating of the mass. When a little substrate is prepared, it can be soaked in barrels, bathtubs, etc. similar containers for 2-3 days, but changing the water daily so that the mass does not ferment.

Chopped straw is well hydrated if it is soaked in hot water for 2 days. At the Zarechye state farm, good results were also obtained when pasteurizing straw that was pre-soaked and placed in plastic bags, similar to the pasteurization of champignon substrate. It was kept for 12 hours at a temperature of 58-60 °C, and then the temperature over 8 days was gradually reduced by 1.0-1.5 °C per day (to 46-48 °C).

The prepared substrate is laid in a layer of 20-25 cm directly on the ground, on film or in a layer of 25-30 cm in boxes and plastic bags with a diameter of about 40 cm and a height of 50-60 cm (the bags are lightly dug in). To prevent the substrate from drying out, it is compacted tightly, preferably in layers.

Immediately after filling the substrate, mycelium is planted at the rate of 500-600 g of straw or grain mycelium per 1 m. " Chestnut-sized pieces of mycelium are evenly laid out over the entire surface of the substrate and embedded to a depth of 5-8 cm. The straw is lifted with one hand and inserted with the other pieces of mycelium into the resulting depression. You can plant it in another way. When compacting the substrate, spread the mycelium evenly onto the penultimate layer, spread another 5-8 cm of wet straw on top and compact it. Then, in any case upper layer The straw is leveled, compacted well again and slightly moistened. And immediately the surface is covered with water-retaining and breathable material (clean burlap, thick wrapping paper), which is constantly kept moist, watered so that water does not penetrate the straw.

If plastic bags are used for cultivation, then after sowing the mycelium they are tied by inserting a cotton or foam plug with a diameter of about 5 cm into the neck (the substrate is no longer covered).

Mycelium growth continues for up to 3 to 6 weeks depending on the temperature, which
considered optimal within 25-28 °C. During this period, bags or boxes can be moved to a warm room.

After the mycelium has grown, the burlap or paper is removed, and the surface of the substrate is covered with a 4-5 cm layer of covering mixture. If the top layer of straw is dry and the mycelium has not grown in it, then it is carefully removed and the covering mixture is applied to the underlying layer, permeated with mycelium.

The covering mixture is prepared from peat and garden or forest soil in a 1:1 ratio with a pH of 5.7-7.0 and a humidity of 70-75%. Mineral fertilizers cannot be added. Approximately one bucket of mixture is consumed per 1 m2.

From the moment the covering mixture is applied until the end of fruiting, all care consists of maintaining humidity at 70-75%. However, it is necessary to water so that the one-time rate does not exceed 1.0-1.5 l/m2, and water does not penetrate into the substrate. Water with a hose with a nozzle or with a garden watering can with small holes.

2-3 weeks after applying the covering mixture, if mushrooms are grown in greenhouses or indoors, begin ventilation and lower the temperature to 15-20 ° C. And after another 1-2 weeks the first mushrooms appear. It takes 7-10 days from the ovary to the full maturity of the mushroom. Fruiting lasts until late autumn.

The ringlets are collected when the shell covering the plates is torn, but the cap is still bell-shaped. The mushroom is carefully twisted out of the ground without any residue, rather than cut off. The resulting holes are covered with cover soil. Well, the yield of ringweed can be very different - from 2 to 20 kg/m2 - it all depends on the skill of the mushroom grower.

If the mycelium was planted in a greenhouse or bed later than May, then the substrate can

Growing ringweed in a plastic bag.

But use it next year too. And in order to protect the mycelium from frost and excess moisture, the greenhouse or ridges in the fall, after collecting mushrooms, are covered with film, straw or dry leaves. In the spring the covering is removed, and from April - May new mushrooms are collected.

We must not forget that many harmful microorganisms accumulate in the old used substrate, so it is removed after a year or two. But for vegetable crops this is a good organic fertilizer.

K. Nakhalova, A. Pilipovich

Ring mushroom is the subject of description in this article. Many gardeners and gardeners have taken up it. Here its composition (vitamins, amino acids) is described and how to grow the ring mushroom in your area.

Ring mushroom

Koltsevik – little known to us edible mushroom. They began to grow it relatively recently.

This is a lamellar mushroom with a characteristic ring on the stalk. The caps of the ringed beetle can be of different colors - from yellow to red-brown.

The diameter of the cap is from 8 to 40 cm. Small ringworms have a white cap; it acquires its characteristic color gradually, as the mushroom grows.

Ringweed has a pronounced mushroom aroma.

The mushroom itself contains all the necessary amino acids and many others useful substances: iron, potassium, manganese, cobalt, zinc, copper, molybdenum.

How to grow ringweed?

Preparation for cultivation

Substrate for growing ringweed– straw of cereal plants. It should be fresh, shiny, and golden in color. Dark straw is not suitable for this, since it already contains microflora that competes with the fungus. It will interfere with the growth of mycelium.

The prepared straw must be chopped into pieces of 3-5 cm. After this, it must be moistened for several days to a humidity of 75%. You can soak straw in any container - in bathtubs, barrels, etc.

You can check the readiness of the straw by squeezing it in your palm. If water comes out between your fingers when you squeeze it, the straw has absorbed enough liquid.

If the humidity is higher than necessary, then there is a risk of the substrate becoming overgrown with mold. Low humidity will inhibit the development of mycelium.

Grow ringweed in boxes, in plastic bags and on beds. To do this, place a layer of straw 25-30 cm thick in bags about 60 cm high and 40 cm in diameter.

The beds for growing ringweed are laid in partial shade in the garden. They should be about 20 cm deep. A film is laid at the bottom of each ridge.

On top of the film is straw at the rate of 20-25 kg of dry material per square meter.

The laid straw is compacted tightly. After this, they begin to directly introduce the mycelium.

Introduction of mycelium

The mycelium is first divided into small pieces no larger than a nut and immersed in straw, leaving a distance of about 25 cm between the pieces.

The depth of introduction of mycelium is 5-6 cm. After this, the crushed grain mycelium must be scattered in an even layer over the entire surface of the ridge, and a layer of straw 5 cm thick must be laid on top.

When the mycelium has been added, the beds and bags are covered with several layers of soaked paper or a wet cloth. The covering material must be kept wet.

It takes about 4-6 weeks for mycelium to germinate in the substrate. In this case, the substrate must be optimal temperature– 25-28 degrees. When the substrate is completely permeated with white mycelium, you can remove the covering and fill the ridges with a covering mixture.

Cover mixture

The covering mixture is a mixture of peat and a slightly acidic pH value of 5.7-6.0.

The coating mixture is designed to maintain the required level of moisture in the substrate. The fruiting bodies of the ringweed themselves are also formed in it.

The main quality of the coating mixture is good breathability. If the cover layer is chosen incorrectly, this will lead to a decrease in yield.

Before adding the substrate coating mixture, the mixture must be steamed for 15-20 minutes or soaked in formaldehyde. This is done in order to destroy the harmful microorganisms present in the earthen mixture.

When using formalin, the solution is prepared as follows: for 0.5 liters of 40% formalin, 20 liters of water are needed. Formalin is diluted in water and the resulting solution is poured over the substrate in layers. After watering, the substrate is covered with film and left for 3 days. After this, the film is removed and the formaldehyde evaporates.

The thickness of the covering layer should be about 5cm. This layer should be moistened as needed. For normal growth of mushrooms, the covering layer is constantly kept moist.

2 weeks after applying the covering layer, the soil germinates with mycelium and the formation begins fruiting bodies. And in another 1-2 weeks you will be able to harvest the first harvest ring mushroom. I invite you to the group on Subscribe.ru for summer residents and gardeners: “Country hobbies” Everything about country life: dacha, garden, vegetable garden, flowers, relaxation, fishing, hunting, tourism, nature