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Edible and false mushrooms their differences. What twins does the porcini mushroom have. False porcini mushroom poisoning

White, chanterelles, mushrooms, champignons, russula ... Russian forests can boast an abundance of the most different mushrooms. The diversity of their species just leads to severe poisoning, reports of which, with the onset of each mushroom season appear in the media. Going to " quiet hunting”, It will not be superfluous to recall how the twins of mushrooms look, how they differ from the representatives that are so desirable in our basket. After all, awareness reliable way to avoid the severe consequences of poisoning with the "wrong" gifts of the forest.

There are no mushrooms more toxic than pale grebes - insidious twins russula mushrooms and champignons. Many believe that its appearance should resemble something foul-smelling, fragile and slender. In fact, the appearance of this poisonous mushroom inspires confidence: a large, rather fleshy fruit with a “skirt” on a leg and a good smell. At a young age, the toadstool resembles an oblong egg. The color of the cap is white, yellowish-olive or light green. This one can be found from June to October in both coniferous and deciduous forests. The result of tasting pale grebe is usually death. Moreover, the symptoms of poisoning manifest themselves only after a day and quickly pass. On the 7th-10th day, a person dies of acute renal or hepatic failure.

Often dangerous twins mushrooms bear an incredible resemblance to their edible twins. So, gall fungus, which occurs from mid-summer to September in coniferous forests, easily confused with white. Experienced mushroom pickers determine the gall fungus by its white tubular layer, pinkish flesh and bitterness. This mushroom is not poisonous. At the same time, it is inedible. If it accidentally ends up in a cooked dish, it will be impossible to correct the bitter taste of food.

The satanic one is less similar to the white mushroom than the gall mushroom, however, and it sometimes ends up on the dinner table. Dangerous and can be identified by the pulp. It has a yellowish color, turns blue or slightly reddens on the cut.

There are twin mushrooms known as common mushrooms. False mushrooms growing large groups on rotting wood, there are several species. Two of these are considered the most dangerous: sulfur yellow and brick red. false mushrooms. It is important to be able to distinguish poisonous from edible mushrooms, for which it is enough to look closely at the characteristic color of the cap and the absence of scales on it. There is no “skirt” ring on the leg of the poisonous honey agaric. If a pleasant, typically mushroom smell emanates from a real honey agaric, then false ones smell unpleasant.

Twin mushrooms, very similar to chanterelles, are considered conditionally edible. They are also called chanterelles, only false ones. You can meet orange-red mushrooms with caps wrapped in a funnel on stumps and trunks of coniferous trees.

Mushroom pickers collect forest gifts in order to extract undeniable health benefits from them. But almost all have their antipodes, which, if not deadly poisonous, are unfit for human consumption. You can save yourself from many of the troubles that doubles of edible mushrooms cause if you bypass the dubious ones and send only those mushrooms in which you are 100 percent sure to the basket.

Poison mushroom twins

When picking mushrooms in the forest, it is worth remembering a few immutable rules. Firstly, not all mushrooms are edible, many of the ones we come across along the way are poisonous. It is very important to know that edible mushrooms are different from non-edible ones, but normal mushrooms also have toxic doppelgangers.

Many edible mushrooms have twins, even white fungus, which is rightfully considered the "king of mushrooms." Do not be upset, because even experienced mushroom pickers confuse edible and their counterparts, collect them in a basket, but upon careful examination of the assembled house, they immediately get rid of poisonous ones.

The counterpart of the "king of mushrooms" is -. Like any double, it is very similar to the original, but even with a detailed examination it can be easily distinguished: the leg of such a mushroom is covered with a mesh, and it itself is darker than that of a real white mushroom, and the underside of the cap is completely pink, the flesh is cut legs turn red.

But like the true king, the porcini mushroom has more than one double, the second and most dangerous among the people is called “forest devil”, it also differs from its edible counterpart: The leg, closer to the top, has a pinkish color, and the cap is blood red from the bottom, on the cut of the leg, the flesh first becomes red, then blue. Remember the "forest devil" is very poisonous!

Satanic mushroom (forest devil)

The double moss mushroom is a pepper mushroom, based on the name, the taste of this mushroom is hot, like a pepper. The hat of this double is dark below, and the leg is much thinner than the original.

Doubles of honey mushrooms are moth and gray-yellow honey agaric. They are the ones that cause the most poisoning. These changelings appear, just at the time of the collection of real honey mushrooms, in the month of August, but most often all the same in September. It is for this reason that mushroom pickers in the forest must be very careful not to pick those mushrooms that, firstly, they do not know, and those that cause alertness.

You should not take milky-white mushrooms, poisonous mushrooms often have such a color palette, if reddish plates adorn the mushroom cap, then this handsome man is also poisonous.

Not many poisonous mushrooms lead to death, mostly changeling venom affects gastrointestinal tract causing vomiting and diarrhea.

Among poisonous mushrooms, by the right of primacy and danger, the place of the king is occupied by death cap, it is often confused with porcini mushroom by inexperienced mushroom pickers, on the bottom of the hat it has a kind of small “fringe”, and again, unlike its counterpart, the pale toadstool is an aristocrat, in other words, it is much whiter than the “king of mushrooms”

When picking mushrooms, be careful, if something is in doubt, it is better not to cut it and not to take it with you.

Real mushroom pickers know that the most delicious and fragrant representatives of the mushroom kingdom are mushrooms and fat mushrooms.

Beginning mushroom pickers, unlike experienced ones, often send a false porcini mushroom into the basket, not suspecting how bitter it tastes and is life-threatening. To prevent this from happening to you, we will find out what it looks like, where it grows and what kind of health hazard poses an imitation of boletus.

False white mushroom: description

gall fungus

Most often, mushrooms are confused with gall fungus.

gall mushroom - Tylopilus felleus

Bitter mushrooms from the genus Tilopil and the family Boletovye, popularly referred to as bitter, mustard or hare mushroom. Outwardly, the mustard resembles a porcini mushroom.

The diameter of its cap can reach 15 cm, but on average it is about 4-10 cm. The cap, which at first has the shape of a hemisphere, subsequently expands and becomes flatter, prostrate. The color of the hat varies from yellow-brown to dark brown, there are specimens with a gray-ocher hat. In wet weather, it becomes sticky.

A strong and heavy leg of the gall fungus with whitish flesh grows up to 1.5-3 cm thick and 3-12.5 cm high. Distinguished by a swollen, fibrous base, club or cylinder shape, and color variation from cream to brownish yellow. In the upper part, a clearly traced dark or creamy yellow mesh is noticeable.

The pulp, reddening on the cut, is not damaged by worms, has a slight odor and a bitter taste. A tubular layer, consisting of white tubules fading to pink and pinkish-gray tones, is attached to the stem of the mushroom.

The spores of the false white fungus are ellipsoid, colorless (occasionally pinkish-gray) and smooth, the spore powder is pink-brown or pale pink.

Even after boiling or frying, the taste of the mushroom does not change for the better, but, on the contrary, becomes even more bitter, so the bitter is classified as an inedible mushroom.

False white mushrooms are commonly found in forests with coniferous trees, on light loamy or acidic fertile soils, sandstones. Occasionally, bittersweet grows on half-decayed stumps or tree bases. It is found everywhere, on any continent, in Russia it usually grows in the middle lane.

False white mushrooms, fruiting from early summer to September-October, form small groups or grow separately.

Young bitters are similar not only to mushrooms, but also to boletus.

satanic mushroom

Satanic mushroom - Boletus satanas

Mushroom from the family Boletovye and the genus Borovik.

It has a velvety or smooth hat with a diameter of 8-30 cm, growing in the form of a hemisphere, and gradually turning into a flat hat. It can be dyed in different colors- from whitish to olive-gray, sometimes with yellow-pink or green stains.

The yellowish or white flesh turns red or blue when cut, and in more mature mushrooms it emits a sharp unpleasant odor.

The leg of the satanic mushroom, decorated with a mesh pattern with rounded cells, reaches 3-10 cm in thickness and 5-15 cm in height. The shape of the leg at first resembles a ball or an egg, then it becomes like a turnip, a barrel or a tuber. From above, the leg of the mushroom is painted red-yellow, in the middle - red-orange, and below - yellow-brown.

The tubular mass is yellowish, after yellow-green.

Spores are smooth, yellow, spore powder is either olive brown or olive.

The satanic mushroom grows in spacious deciduous forests with oaks, lindens, hornbeams, beech, and hazel. From June to September it bears fruit in the southern part of Primorye, in the Caucasus, the European part of Russia, in the Middle East.

Carefully look at the photos of satanic and hare mushrooms to know for the future what a false porcini mushroom looks like.

Gall mushroom - Tylopilus felleus

Satanic mushroom - Boletus satanas

False porcini mushroom poisoning

Poisoning satanic mushroom . Poisoning with this false fungus passes in the usual form: diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, and manifests itself within half an hour after eating. Fatalities satanic fungus poisoning is very rare.
Poisoning with gall fungus. To be poisoned by hare fungus, you must first eat it, which is hindered by the unbearably bitter taste that it acquires after heat treatment. In addition, if you put a piece of this mushroom on your tongue, it will begin to burn mercilessly. But you can get poisoned with bitters if, for example, it is pickled with real mushrooms in one jar, because the bitter taste will not be noticeable due to vinegar or seasonings. If you eat a few false white mushrooms, the following symptoms of poisoning will be observed:

Weakness. After a day, the head begins to spin, there is a general weakness, which will soon disappear. This is how toxins act, being absorbed into the blood.
Liver disorders. After a few weeks, toxins that negatively affect liver cells will interfere with the normal flow of bile. If a lot of mushrooms are eaten, the result can be even worse - cirrhosis of the liver.

That is why worms and other animals try to bypass the false white fungus. Treat mushroom picking more carefully, and you will avoid problems with the liver and other organs.

Is it possible to distinguish inedible mushroom from edible?

Experts believe that it is impossible to derive a universal rule. The only guarantee against poisoning is knowledge of the signs certain types, differences between them.

Among wild mushrooms there are poisonous ones. Some of them, at first glance, are very similar to edible ones, such doubles should be especially wary. So, poisonous mushrooms grow in pine and spruce forests: gall, pepper, satanic. The pepper mushroom is very similar to butterdish and flywheel, the satanic one looks like a “understudy” of boletus, moreover, it is very skillful, the gall mushroom from a distance also looks like a porcini mushroom.

The difference between the White mushroom and the false ones: Gall fungus and Satanic mushroom

The bile fungus belongs to slightly poisonous mushrooms, it is often confused with ceps. It is impossible to poison them, but its bitter taste can spoil the whole dish. The main differences are: a dark mesh pattern on the stalk (it is white in the porcini mushroom), a dirty pinkish bottom of the cap (in the porcini fungus, the tubular layer is always white or cream, turns yellow or green with age), bitter pulp (just lick the bottom of the cap to feel bitterness) - that is why the gall fungus is also called bitterness. At the break, the flesh turns pink (boletus is always white).

White fungus is very similar in appearance to satanic. But if you click on its inner part (“moss”), it will turn pink. So, this is not a white mushroom, but a poisonous one.

Differences between Chanterelle and False Chanterelle

In fact, it is not so difficult to distinguish a real fox from a fake. For starters, pay attention to the color. In false chanterelles, unlike real ones, it is especially bright orange in the transition to copper red. And ordinary ones are just exactly yellow.

Hat. If you notice very smooth edges, you should be wary. A real fox has a wavy decoration of this part of it.

The legs of a real chanterelle are thick and not hollow. Spores are yellowish. But her false sister has the opposite: the leg is thin, and the spores are white.

Smell it. It has already been said earlier that the difference between the true mistress of the forest is in her fruity or woody smell. But you are unlikely to want to put talkers in a basket after such a check.

Mushrooms do not like to grow alone. Usually this is a whole family, united by a common mycelium. But false chanterelles have just such a feature. They are often found in a single copy. This alone is a sign to be on the lookout for.

Look at the color of the pulp. The real one is yellowish, and in the middle it is white. The fake is distinguished by a solid orange or yellow color.

Press lightly on the flesh with your finger. common fox will blush modestly, but the false one will remain calmly monophonic.

Real chanterelles are rarely wormy, because they secrete chitinmannose and the larvae die under its influence. But the orange talkers do not have chitinmannose, so the larvae can infect them.

Differences of Mokhovikov and Oil from the poisonous Pepper mushroom

The pepper mushroom has a reddish-cherry tint to the pores of the tubules and legs. The flywheel has a tubular layer of olive or brown hues. The poisonous pepper mushroom turns red (the edible flywheel similar to it turns blue, and the butter dish does not change color). Unlike oil, the pepper mushroom does not have a ring on the leg. In the pepper mushroom, the lower spore-bearing layer of the cap approaches red, in the butter dish it approaches yellow.

The difference between real honey mushrooms and false mushrooms

Of the slightly poisonous mushrooms, false mushrooms are often found - they can be distinguished by an olive tint. Edible mushrooms are always brown. Twin mushrooms cause stomach upset only if they are poorly cooked or fried.

Remember: in real mushrooms, especially in young ones, such a “skirt” is visible on the leg, like a ballerina. The false ones don't.

The difference between champignon and grebe

In champignon, unlike pale grebe, there is no tuberous thickening at the base of the leg. In addition, the champignon has pale pink or dark plates, while the pale grebe has white and frequent ones.

White milk mushrooms are good for pickles. But they can also be confused with milk mushrooms, which are popularly called "squeakers". The difference is that a real mushroom is with a wet film, slimy and hides in the grass, and the fungus - “squeaky” is absolutely dry.

Very dangerous pale grebe. It looks like russula in appearance. The hat is green, sometimes almost white. On the leg, closer to the hat, a ring is noticeable. Not to

confuse, learn a simple selection rule: all mushrooms for pickles have holes in their stems. This is a sign that the mushroom is edible.

Main principle picking mushrooms

Everyone collects only those mushrooms that he knows and knows how to distinguish in any conditions, knows how young and old look fruit bodies what they are in dry weather, what they are in rain, etc.

Sometimes mushrooms are overripe: the mushroom looks good, not wormy, and in addition it is very large. From one mushroom you can cook potatoes or cook soup. Such mushrooms cannot be torn!

Overripe mushrooms are spoiled protein. Unlike meat and fish, which are rotten and have a very unpleasant odor, fungal spoilage does not manifest itself in any way. He talks about spoilage of the fungus big size, softness, not elasticity. Such mushrooms can harm the body. Mushroom protein is very difficult to digest. It is similar to the protein that forms the shells of beetles, crabs, shrimp - chitin. This protein must be processed for a very long time so that there is no heavy load on the gastrointestinal tract. If you want to fry mushrooms, they must first be boiled for an hour.

Cap 3-15 cm, from light beige to yellow or honey brown with a yellow tinge, with vanishing scales. The pulp is white. The plates are white to yellow, often with brown spots. Leg with flaky scales, with a white membranous-felt ring. Mushrooms grow on stumps, trees, deadwood. They are dried, salted and marinated, pre-boiled.

Where to look: stumps, trees.