Temple of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills. Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills

The completion of Trinity Church is sometimes credited to Dr. Fyodor Gaaz. He wanted prisoners in the local transit prison to be able to visit the temple. The stone church was placed next to its predecessor, in the place of whose altar there is a white stone monument topped with a cross.

On the eve of the famous council in Fili, Kutuzov prayed here, and the fire of 1812 bypassed the temple.

The Trinity Church, remote from the center, survived and did not close in Soviet time. Its ancient interior remained untouched, and during the period of the ban on bell ringing in Moscow, the bells continued to ring in the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills.

In 1937, due to the closure of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Troitsky-Golenishchevo, the antimensions from the chapels of St. Jonah and the Martyr Agapius were moved to the temple on the Sparrow Hills. Also installed in the church was a reliquary with particles of the relics of Saints Mitrofan of Voronezh, Alexy Mechev and Blessed Matrona of Moscow.

(CJSC) Moscow in the municipal district of Ramenki.

Belongs to the St. Michael's Deanery of the Moscow Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Main Altar is consecrated in honor of the Holy Trinity; the chapels are in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Sergius of Radonezh. In 1937, in connection with the closure of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Troitsky-Golenishchevo, the Antimins from the chapels of St. Jonah and the Martyr Agapius were transferred to the Church of the Holy Trinity on Sparrow Hills, and in the main altar (and now in the refectory) there is an additional altar of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow.

Story

Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills at night

The wooden Trinity Church on the Sparrow Hills has existed since ancient times and is associated with the history of the ancient palace village of Vorobyovo. According to the chronicle, it is known that when in the 15th century the village was bought Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna, wife of the Moscow Grand Duke Vasily I and daughter of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt, the temple was already standing. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. in the village of Vorobyovo there were four churches: three palace churches - in honor of the icon Mother of God“Life-Giving Spring”, “St. Sergius in the Garden”, summer linen painting of the Resurrection of Christ, as well as the parish painting of the Life-Giving Trinity. All these churches were listed in the palace department of the Moscow district. The first priest of the wooden Trinity Church known to us was Fr. Titus, who was abbot from 1628 to 1632. According to the parish books of the Patriarchal Treasury Order of 1628, the wooden Trinity Church in the village of Vorobyovo was listed among the “residential” Moscow churches - “beyond the Wooden City”. Until 1690, the Trinity Church was built in the Prechistensky Forty of Moscow, and from 1691. it was already written in the Zagorodskaya Tithe. The last rector of the wooden Trinity Church was Father Nikifor Vasiliev. By the end of the 1790s, the temple had become very dilapidated and was dismantled by order of Catherine the Great. The current brick church with a white stone plinth was built in 1811 according to the design of the architect A.L. Vitberg, the author of the design of the temple-monument of Christ the Savior on Sparrow Hills. The building was built in the style of late classicism, as stated in the documents “... through the diligence of parishioners and willing donors...” The first rector of the stone church was Father Jacob Ilyin. The stone temple was erected near the previous wooden one. In 1811, on the site of the altar of the old temple, a white stone monument topped with a cross was erected, which has survived to this day. The porch in front of the entrance on the western facade of the bell tower and extensions on its sides appeared during renovations of the building in 1858-61 and 1898. The church area is surrounded by a brick fence late XIX- beginning of the 20th century with metal grille. In 1812, M. I. Kutuzov prayed here before the council in Fili. The building survived the Napoleonic invasion. Until 1818, the temple was listed among the churches of the Moscow district, and from March 30, 1818, in the Zamoskvoretsky forty of Moscow. Trinity Church not only escaped socialist destruction, but was not even closed during Soviet times, so its ancient interior has been preserved. Moreover, after the well-known Bolshevik ban on bell ringing throughout Moscow, it was in the Vorobyov Trinity Church that the bells continued to ring and Orthodox Muscovites secretly went to listen to the blessed ringing of its bells. IN Once again The church survived the construction of the Moscow State University high-rise building in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Now the temple on the Sparrow Hills has, as before, three chapels - in honor of the Holy Trinity, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and St. Sergius of Radonezh. There is also a side altar of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow, which is located in the altar of St. Nicholas. On October 2, 2011, the 200th anniversary of the temple was celebrated.

Patronal holidays

• in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity - a moving holiday, celebrated on the 50th day after Easter
• October 8 (Old style September 25) - St. Sergius of Radonezh
• December 19 (December 6) - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
• March 31, May 27 (transfer of relics), June 15 and October 5 (Cathedral of Moscow Saints) Julian calendar- Saint Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, Wonderworker

Shrines

The revered icon of the Mother of God - “Blessed Heaven”. Ancient icons: a revered list with miraculous icon Mother of God “Donskaya” and St. Nicholas with his life. The temple contains icons of the 19th century - “Saints Gury, Samon and Aviv”, “Saints Cosmas and Damian”, “ Burning bush", "Joy of all who mourn", "Kazan" icon of the Mother of God, four-part icon - with images of the Nativity of Christ, nativity Holy Mother of God, the Nativity of John the Baptist and the Nativity of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the icon of the “Savior Not Made by Hands” from the school of Simon Ushakov and 2 enamel medallions - the Savior and the Mother of God. Also in the temple there is a reliquary with particles of the relics of saints: St. Mitrophan of Voronezh, Righteous Alexy (Mechev) and Blessed Matrona of Moscow.

Clergy

• rector - Archpriest Sergiy Suzdaltsev
• Archpriest Konstantin Georgievsky
• Archpriest John Dragan
• Priest Alexander Katunin
• Deacon Nikolai Tikhomirov

Divine service

• daily - Matins and Liturgy at 8:00
• on Sundays and holidays- Holy Moleben at 8:00 and Liturgy at 9:00
• on the eve of Sundays, Mondays, twelve days and great holidays - evening worship at 16:00

Address

Address: 119334, Moscow, Kosygina st., 30 (metro station “Vorobyovy Gory”, observation deck) Official website: http://hram-troicy.prihod.ru/

Website

Literature

• Moscow: all Orthodox churches and chapels / author: M. I. Vostryshev, S. Yu. Shokarev. M.: Eksmo, 2009. pp. 472-474. ISBN 978-5-699-34703-2
• Palamarchuk P.G. Forty forty. T. 4. M., 2005, p. 199-201.
• Elena Lebedeva. “City of Temples and Chambers”, M. 2006
• Anashkevich M. A. The most famous churches in Moscow. M., 2007.
• Sytin P.V. From the history of Moscow streets. M., 1952, p. 428, 521-522.
• Orthodox churches in Moscow. M., 1988. P.20.
• Encyclopedia "Moscow", M., 1997.
• Skvortsov N, priest. Churches destroyed in the Moscow district. M., 1905, p. 20-22.
• Zabelin I. E. Materials for the history of archeology and statistics of Moscow churches. M., 1887.
• City of F. Vorobyovy Gory. - “Moskovskie Vedomosti”, 1888, No. 59, p. 3-4; No. 68, p. 3; No. 79, p. 3-4; No. 99, p. 3-4; No. 103, p. 4; No. 131, p. 3-4; No. 132, p. 4.
• Alexandrovsky's manuscript No. 52, No. 318.
• Blagoveshchensky I.L. Brief information about all the churches of the Moscow diocese. M., 1872.
• Blagoveshchensky I.L. Brief information about all the churches of the Moscow diocese. M., 1874, p. 31.
• Kholmogorovs V.I. and G.I. Historical materials about churches and villages of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Vol. 3. Zagorodskaya. tithe. M., 1886, p. 288-293.
• Collection “Holy places revered by the Orthodox Russian people.” M., 1886.

How pleasant to the ear the names Moscow Semikholmie, Luzhnikovskaya Bend, which later became the Moscow River, sound. Sparrow Hills (or Mount Svarozhya, or Vorozheyskaya) is one of the 7 hills on which Moscow is located.

The emergence of the temple on Sparrow Hills

Here, on the steep cliff of the Teploostankino Hill, on the Moscow hill farthest from the Kremlin, is located the Temple of the Life-Giving Trinity on the Sparrow Hills.

The ancient village of Vorobyovo, which gave the name to the hill, changed owners due to princely intrigues, as did the local church, the first mention of which dates back to the middle of the 15th century. Then, already in the second half of the 17th century, a single Trinity Church was built on the site of three dismantled churches that existed separately by that time.

The building that exists today began construction in 1811, retaining the same name, and old church, due to its dilapidation, was dismantled by order of Catherine.

History of the temple

There is no doubt that the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills has its own history. It was in this temple that M.I. Kutuzov offered a prayer in front of everyone known. By a happy accident, during the capture of Moscow by Napoleon, the church was not damaged; its complete construction was completed in 1813. Architect A. Vitberg, the author of the project, designed a building designed in the style of late classicism - Empire style. Single-domed, with a quadrangular base and side chapels, it was decorated with columns along the façade. The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills has a two-tier bell tower.

Renewed in 1858 and in 1898, after October revolution it, one might say, was constantly under the threat of demolition - something was expanding, something was being laid, something was being built, and the territory of the temple was always needed. But it can be stated that the fate of this religious building is happy - it survived the fire of Moscow in 1812, was not demolished in Soviet times, it escaped the ban on bell ringing introduced in the capital. Obviously, in all these cases important role played by its distance from the center.

Temple structure

The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on the Sparrow Hills has two chapels dedicated to St. Sergius of Radonezh and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The shrines of this church include two revered icons of the Mother of God - “Passionate” and “Blessed Heaven”, as well as several temple icons.

There are several Trinity churches and temples in Moscow, which are usually laid on the days church holidays. This means that any temple of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity began to be built on this great holiday - Trinity, or Pentecost, one of the twelve church holidays. One of the most beautiful and solemn services is performed on this day. This holiday is associated with greenery, with the victory of spring over winter. Maybe that’s why the roofs of many Trinity churches are painted green color. That's very beautiful! Some interpretations see it as a mixture of blue and yellow. In this regard, it symbolizes the rebirth of the soul through generosity and good deeds. It is also the color of St. John the Evangelist. His mantle is often green in color.

The originality of the Ostankino temple

The Moscow Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino also has colors and is also extremely beautiful. Built at the end of the 17th century, it is the pinnacle of creativity of Moscow pattern-making masters. From the name it is clear that this style was replete with decorative elements. It had everything - compositions of particular complexity, the silhouette of the building was, as a rule, unusually picturesque, the style was distinguished by intricate shapes and a large number of decor. Opinions on the origin of patterned designs vary; it is even reproached for mannerism borrowed from the West. A typical example of this trend in Russian architecture, the temple in Ostankino, has existed for about 300 years - from the moment when the old wooden church With the blessing of the Moscow Patriarch, it was decided to build a stone Trinity Church. The village of Ostashkovo (now Ostankino) was the main representation in the Moscow region of very large landowners - the princes of Cherkassy. The main residence is a worthy home church! The Tver Road leading to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra passed by the temple, and all the nobility, including crowned persons, stayed with the owners and visited the new temple. It had three chapels, the central one was dedicated, like the previous church, to the Life-Giving Trinity.

Unique iconostasis

The iconostasis of the temple, consecrated simultaneously with the central chapel in 1692, is unique. Its design was unusual for Orthodox religious buildings, intricate and elegant, and very reminiscent of an organ. The arrangement of the icons, their frames, the different and non-repeating spaces between them, everything was unprecedented and aroused surprise and admiration. Over time, Nikolai Sheremetyev became the owner of Ostankino, who decided to change appearance churches and iconostasis, adding new icons. The next changes are made by his son. There were several more renovations, in particular, before the arrival of the Alexander II couple. But in 1875, during the next restoration, it was decided to return the church to its original appearance and decoration, and then turn it into a monument of Russian architecture.
During the years of Soviet power, the temple was not demolished, but was thoroughly looted. From 1991 to 1996, three aisles of the church were consecrated in turn. Gradually the temple is being restored to its original purpose. Divine services began in the 90s of the previous century. The main shrines kept here are the Temple icon of the Old Testament Trinity and

Temple in Khoroshevo

No less interesting is the fate that befell the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Khoroshevo, erected at the behest of Boris Godunov on his estate as a home church in 1598. The author is supposed to be Fyodor Kon. In the 19th century, the bell tower and refectory were completed. The beautifully decorated kokoshniks under the dome decorate it and make it different from other churches. In the 17th century it was somewhat modified - the windows were widened and the porch was turned into a gallery. During the Soviet era, it was used either as a collective farm club or as a children's clinic, and even painted over the main decoration - kokoshniks - with plain paint. But already in the 60s of the 20th century, the temple was restored, returning its original appearance, although some things could not be restored (portals). Since the 90s, worship services have resumed and the temple has been returned to believers. The main shrine of the temple is the especially revered Georgian Round Image of the Wonderworker, the Icon of the Mother of God of Kazan.

Service times

The schedule of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity includes a detailed and clear schedule of services, which consist of prayers and sacred rites. That is, it must be indicated exact time celebration of all church rites and services, because people come not only from all over the area, but also from other regions to take out especially revered icons, for example, the Georgian Mother of God icon.

The temple on this site has been mentioned since 1644, but the true time of its foundation is unknown and most likely dates back to more early period. The village of Vorobyovo itself has been known since 1453. The existing temple was built in 1811-1813. in the style of classicism, the interior decoration is modern to the building. The main altar was consecrated in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, the southern aisle - St. Nicholas, the northern - St. Sergius of Radonezh, the side altar - in the name of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow. The temple never closed. There is a charity service at the temple.

Trinity Church on Sparrow Hills (Kosygina Street, house number 30).

On the high steep bank of the Moscow River, in front of the almost 300-meter high-rise building of Moscow University and literally a few steps from the famous observation deck On the Sparrow Hills, stands the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity. In 1937, the nearby Trinity Church in Trinity-Golenishchevo was closed, two antimensions were moved from it to the temple on the Sparrow Hills and an additional altar was built in the main altar in the name of the chapels of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow, and the Martyr Agapius, which were in the closed church.

The wooden church has been known on Sparrow Hills since ancient times. In 1451, Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna bought a small village on the high bank of the Moscow River. In 1700, documentary sources called the church of Sergius in the Garden standing in the village (apparently named after the chapel), and in 1720 they mentioned the chapel of St. Alexy, the man of God. It is also known that in 1785 this ancient church was rebuilt, and in late XVIII century, the summer royal palace was dismantled. In 1811-1813 near the place where the wooden church stood, they built and consecrated a stone Trinity Church with the right side chapel of St. Nicholas and the left side of St. Sergius of Radonezh. It was small, typical of villages near Moscow. Bell tower, refectory and main temple traditionally located along the east-west axis. A powerful dome-rotunda, standing on the cubic main volume, completed the drum with a small dome. The southern entrance had a far-reaching portico with Tuscan columns. Two-tier bell tower, on lower tier which built the main entrance to the temple, beautifully complemented the entire composition. At the same time in 1811, a small white stone obelisk topped with a cross was installed on the site of the throne of the old temple. This obelisk has survived to this day - six meters to the right of the entrance to the temple. The letters on it have long been erased, but the image of a trumpeting archangel is clearly visible. The old fence with an arched entrance has also been preserved. However, some sources claim that from 1811 to our time only the bell tower has survived intact. It is noteworthy that on the eve of the military council in Fili in 1812, M.I. prayed in the newly built Trinity Church. Kutuzov.

In 1817, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was founded on the Sparrow Hills - a monument to the victory in Patriotic War 1812. It was supposed to descend in terraces from the top of the Sparrow Hills to the Moscow River. However, during excavation work it was discovered that the soil was crumbling and sliding; Therefore, in 1827, construction here was stopped and later moved to Prechistenka. So the Trinity Church remained in these places as the only monument and witness to the heroic events of 1812. In the 19th century, the renovation of the Trinity Church took place twice: in 1858-1861. and in 1898. In the 20th century, in 1964 and 1971, external repairs of the building were carried out, and in 1971-1972. - internal repairs. The wall paintings were cleaned and new ones were partially made. In 2006, the church building was also renovated inside and out. The outer walls of the temple and the bell tower are currently decorated with frescoes. On the bell tower at the top there is an image of the Mother of God “The Sign”, and on the lower tier - “St. Sergius of Radonezh blesses the blessed. book Dimitri Donskoy", "Metropolitan. Moscow Alexy heals Queen Taidulla" and "Prayer of St. Seraphim of Sarov on the stone in front of the image of the Virgin Mary “Tenderness.” On the right wall of the refectory is depicted St. Nicholas, on the left - St. Sergius of Radonezh (in accordance with the location of the chapels). On the portico of the southern entrance there is a fresco “St. Trinity with Abraham and Sarah under the Oak of Mamre."

Next, counterclockwise: the image of John the Baptist, on the outer wall of the High Place - Golgotha, and, finally, the image of the Savior. Special attention The wall painting inside the temple deserves. Above the entrance to the main part of the refectory the Old Testament Trinity is depicted, on the dome - God the Father and God the Holy Spirit with the angels present, and above the altar - the Ascension of the Lord. On the walls in medallions are images of the prophets Elijah and Moses, Saints Nicholas and Alexy, the Metropolitan of Moscow, Saints Seraphim of Sarov and Sergius of Radonezh, as well as the image of the Mother of God “The Sign”. Above the southern door below the medallions are the Presentation of the Lord and the “Feeding of five thousand with five loaves”, above the northern one is the Entry into the Temple of the Most Holy Theotokos. In the iconostasis of the main altar, the icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Source” attracts attention, as a memory of the former name of the temple. In front of the solea on the left is the Pechersk Icon of the Mother of God, on the right is the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands. Behind these icons there are two faces (choirs) for antiphonal singing. To the left of the pulpit is a small icon of the New Martyrs of Russia, to the right is an icon of the same size as the Royal Martyrs. On the northern wall there is the icon of the Mother of God “Quiet my sorrows” and the especially revered image of the Mother of God “Blessed Heaven”; on the southern wall there is the icon of the Mother of God “Sovereign”.

In the Nikolsky chapel, in spirit and origin, as if more austere, Byzantine, in the iconostasis there is the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, in front of the salt on the right is the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Here are also located the images of Saints John the Warrior, Guria, Samon and Aviv, the icon of the Mother of God " Unexpected Joy" In the Sergius chapel there are icons of the holy martyr Patriarch Hermogenes, Saints Blasius, Florus and Laurus, the Venerable Anna Kashinskaya and the image of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow.”

Mikhail Vostryshev "Orthodox Moscow. All churches and chapels."

http://rutlib.com/book/21735/p/17

In 1451, the village of Vorobyovo was bought by Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna. Around that time, a temple was built here, consecrated in honor of the Life-Giving Trinity. The first mention of a wooden church is contained in written sources dating back to the 17th century, during the reign of the first tsar of the Romanov family, approximately 1628-1632. “Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, in the village of Vorobyovo, tribute 18 altyn 4 money, and on the 28th day of September, as of the current year 7136, priest Titus paid that money, in 7140 - for the Trinity Church, tribute was added to the previous tribute at the new salary 2 altyn 5 money" - this is what is said in the receipt books of the Patriarchal Treasury Order. Of course, in those days, as in more ancient times, the church was wooden and was listed as a “residential Moscow church outside the wooden city.”

In 1720, the dilapidated wooden church was demolished and a new one was built in its place: “On the 6th day of April, the decree on the construction of the church was sealed, according to the petition of the great sovereign of the palace village of Vorobyov, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, priest Ivan Vasilyev, with the parishioners, ordered by him in that village of Vorobyov "Instead of the old church, on the same church site, build a wooden church again in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, and in the chapel of St. Alexis, the man of God, two hryvnia taxes were taken." In 1786, this new temple also fell into a completely dilapidated state, so much so that services were prohibited here. But only in the mid-1790s, by order of Empress Catherine II, the Trinity Church was dismantled. Thus began a new period in the history of this church.

Architect Alexander Lavrentievich Vitberg, a Russian artist of Swedish origin, became the author of the project for a new stone church in the style of late classicism. Of course, Vitberg is better known as the author of the project for the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the first approved by Emperor Alexander I. The project was not implemented, and the temple that now stands in Moscow was created by another architect - Konstantin Andreevich Ton. And Vitberg’s creation adorns the Sparrow Hills.

Brick temple with a plinth made of white stone was built with funds from parishioners and donors. The dimensions of the temple are small, the architecture is quite modest, even ordinary for the beginning of the 19th century. This is a typical parish church for the Moscow region. On the quadrangle there is a rotunda, completed with a blind drum with a small dome. From the south and north the temple is decorated with porticoes of the Tuscan order with four columns. There are two chapels in the refectory - in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Sergius of Radonezh. The main altar was consecrated in the name of the Holy Trinity. The bell tower is the only two-tier building that has survived to this day unchanged. The temple itself was rebuilt several times during renovations in 1858-1861, then in 1898 and 1900.

One cannot help but recall that the name of the “holy doctor” Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz, who was the chief physician of Moscow prison hospitals, is closely connected with the Trinity Church on the Sparrow Hills. Dr. Haaz contributed greatly to the completion of the construction of the Vorobyovy Church, wanting the prisoners held in the transit prison on Vorobyovy Gory to be assigned to this church and be able to attend services. And Fyodor Petrovich achieved this, just as he achieved the construction in 1832 of a hospital for prisoners with 120 beds on the same Sparrow Hills.

The church did not close during Soviet times; renovations were even carried out here and temple icons were restored. Today, in addition to the three main altars, in the St. Nicholas chapel there is also an additional altar of St. Jonah, Metropolitan of Moscow. It appeared after 1937, when the antimensions of the chapels of Metropolitan Jonah and the Martyr Agapius were transferred to the Vorobyovo church from the Golenishchev church.

From the magazine " Orthodox Temples. Travel to Holy Places". Issue No. 289, 2018.