Panaiotov Georgy
Objective: Design aircraft with the following characteristics: maximum range and flight duration.
Tasks:
Analyze information obtained from primary sources;
To study the elements of the ancient oriental art of aerogami;
To get acquainted with the basics of aerodynamics, the technology of designing aircraft from paper;
Test the constructed models;
Develop skills for the correct, effective launch of models;
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Research work "Investigation of the flying properties of various models of paper aircraft"
Hypothesis: It can be assumed that the flight characteristics of an aircraft depend on its shape.
Experiment No. 1 “The principle of creating a wing” The air moving along the upper surface of the strip exerts less pressure than the still air under the strip. He lifts the strip up.
Experiment No. 2 Moving air exerts less pressure than stationary air, which is under the sheet.
Experiment No. 3 "Blow" The still air at the edges of the strips exerts more pressure than the moving air between them. The pressure difference pushes the strips towards each other.
Trials: Model #1 Trial Range #1 6m 40cm #2 10m 45cm #3 8m
Trials: Model #2 Trial Range #1 10m 20cm #2 14m #3 16m 90cm
Trials: Model #3 Trial Range #1 13m 50cm #2 12m #3 13m
Trials: Model #4 Trial Range #1 13m 60cm #2 19m 70cm #3 21m 60cm
Trials: Model #5 Trial Range #1 9m 20cm #2 13m 20cm #3 10m 60cm
Test Results: Range Champion Model #4 Airtime Champion Model #5
Conclusion: The flight characteristics of an aircraft depend on its shape.
Introduction
Every time I see an airplane - a silver bird soaring into the sky - I admire the power with which it easily overcomes the earth's gravity and plows the heavenly ocean and ask myself questions:
Man has always dreamed of rising into the sky “like a bird” and since ancient times he has tried to make his dream come true. In the 20th century, aviation began to develop so rapidly that mankind could not save many of the originals of this complex technology. But many samples have been preserved in museums in the form of reduced models, giving an almost complete picture of real machines.
I chose this topic because it helps in life not only to develop logical technical thinking, but also to join the practical skills of working with paper, materials science, technology for designing and constructing aircraft. And the most important thing is the creation of your own aircraft.
We hypothesized - it can be assumed that the flight characteristics of the aircraft depend on its shape.
We used the following research methods:
Objective: Design aircraft with the following characteristics: maximum range and flight duration.
Tasks:
Analyze information obtained from primary sources;
To study the elements of the ancient oriental art of aerogami;
To get acquainted with the basics of aerodynamics, the technology of designing aircraft from paper;
Test the constructed models;
Develop skills for the correct, effective launch of models;
As the basis of my research, I took one of the areas of Japanese origami art - aerogami (from Japanese “gami” - paper and Latin “aero” - air).
Aerodynamics (from the Greek words aer - air and dinamis - force) is the science of the forces that arise when bodies move in the air. Air, due to its physical properties, resists the movement of solid bodies in it. At the same time, interaction forces arise between bodies and air, which are studied by aerodynamics.
Aerodynamics is the theoretical basis of modern aviation. Any aircraft flies, obeying the laws of aerodynamics. Therefore, for an aircraft designer, knowledge of the basic laws of aerodynamics is not only useful, but simply necessary. While studying the laws of aerodynamics, I made a series of observations and experiments: "Selecting the shape of an aircraft", "Principles of creating a wing", "Blow", etc.
Design.
Folding a paper airplane is not as easy as it seems. Actions must be confident and precise, folds - perfectly straight and in the right places. Simple designs are forgiving, while in complex designs a couple of imperfect angles can lead the assembly process to a dead end. In addition, there are cases where the fold needs to be intentionally not very precise.
For example, if one of the last steps requires you to fold a thick sandwich structure in half, the fold will not work unless you make a thickness adjustment at the very beginning of the fold. Such things are not described in diagrams, they come with experience. And the symmetry and precise weight distribution of the model determine how well it will fly.
The key point in "paper aviation" is the location of the center of gravity. Creating various designs, I propose to make the nose of the aircraft heavier by placing more paper in it, to form full-fledged wings, stabilizers, and a keel. Then the paper airplane can be controlled like a real one.
For example, through experimentation, I found that the speed and flight path can be adjusted by bending the back of the wings like real flaps, slightly turning the paper keel. Such control is the basis of "paper aerobatics".
Aircraft designs vary significantly depending on the purpose of their construction. For example, aircraft for long-distance flights resemble a dart in shape - they are just as narrow, long, rigid, with a pronounced shift in the center of gravity towards the nose. Planes for the longest flights are not rigid, but they have a large wingspan and are well balanced. Balancing is extremely important for street launched aircraft. They must maintain the correct position, despite the destabilizing fluctuations in the air. Indoor-launched aircraft benefit from a nose-down center of gravity. Such models fly faster and more stable, they are easier to launch.
Tests
In order to achieve high results at the start, it is necessary to master the correct throwing technique.
Launching in the open air, in addition to additional problems (wind), creates additional advantages. Using updrafts of air, you can make the plane fly incredibly far and long. A strong updraft can be found, for example, near a large multi-storey building: hitting a wall, the wind changes direction to vertical. A friendlier airbag can be found on a sunny day in a car park. Dark asphalt gets very hot, and the hot air above it rises smoothly.
Main part
1.1 Observations and experiments
Observations
The choice of the form of the aircraft.(Annex 11)
Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution
secondary school №41 with. Aksakovo
municipal district Belebeevsky district
I Introduction ______________________________________________ pages 3-4
II. The history of aviation _______________________pages 4-7
III _________pages 7-10
IV.Practical part: Organization of an exhibition of models
aircraft from different materials and holding
research ____________________________________________ pages 10-11
V. Conclusion ______________________________________________ page 12
VI. References. _________________________________ page 12
VII. Appendix
I.Introduction.
Relevance:"Man is not a bird, but strives to fly"
It just so happened that a person has always been drawn to the sky. People tried to make wings for themselves, later flying machines. And their efforts were justified, they were still able to take off. The appearance of aircraft did not at all diminish the relevance of the ancient desire .. In the modern world, aircraft have taken pride of place, they help people overcome long distances, transport mail, medicines, humanitarian aid, put out fires and save people . So who built and made a controlled flight on it? Who made this step, so important for mankind, which became the beginning of a new era, the era of aviation?
I consider the study of this topic interesting and relevant.
Objective: study the history of aviation and the history of the appearance of the first paper airplanes, explore models of paper airplanes
Research objectives:
Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky built in 1882 an "aeronautical projectile". So it was written in the patent for it in 1881. By the way, the aircraft patent was also the first in the world! The Wright brothers patented their apparatus only in 1905. Mozhaisky created a real aircraft with all the parts that were due to him: a fuselage, a wing, a power plant of two steam engines and three propellers, a landing gear, and a tail unit. It was much more like a modern aircraft than the Wright brothers' airplane.
Takeoff of the Mozhaisky plane (from a drawing by the famous pilot K. Artseulov)
specially constructed inclined wooden deck, took off, flew a certain distance and landed safely. The result, of course, is modest. But the possibility of flying on an apparatus heavier than air was clearly proven. Further calculations showed that Mozhaisky's aircraft simply lacked the power of the power plant for a full-fledged flight. Three years later he died, and for many years he himself stood in the Krasnoye Selo under the open sky. Then he was transported near Vologda to the Mozhaisky estate, and already there he burned down in 1895. Well, what can I say. Very sorry…
III. The history of the appearance of the first paper planes
The most common version of the time of invention and the name of the inventor is 1930, Northrop is a co-founder of Lockheed Corporation. Northrop used paper airplanes to test new ideas in the design of real aircraft. Despite the seeming frivolity of this activity, it turned out that launching airplanes is a whole science. She was born in 1930, when Jack Northrop, co-founder of the Lockheed Corporation, used paper airplanes to test new ideas in the construction of real aircraft.
And the Red Bull Paper Wings paper plane launching competitions are held at the world level. They were invented by Briton Andy Chipling. For many years he and his friends were engaged in the creation of paper models and eventually in 1989 founded the Paper Aircraft Association. It was he who wrote the set of rules for launching paper planes. To create an airplane, a sheet of A-4 paper should be used. All manipulations with the airplane must consist in bending the paper - it is not allowed to cut or glue it, and also use foreign objects for fixing (paper clips, etc.). The competition rules are very simple - teams compete in three disciplines (flight range, flight time and aerobatics - a spectacular show).
The World Paper Airplane Launch Championship was first held in 2006. It takes place every three years in Salzburg, in a huge glass-spherical building called "Angar-7".
The Glider airplane, although it looks like a perfect raskoryak, glides well, therefore, at the World Championship, pilots from several countries launched it in the competition for the longest flight time. It is important to throw it not forward, but up. Then it will descend smoothly and for a long time. Such an aircraft certainly does not need to be launched twice, any deformation is fatal for it. The world gliding record is now 27.6 seconds. It was installed by American pilot Ken Blackburn .
While working, we came across unfamiliar words that are used in construction. We looked into the encyclopedic dictionary, here's what we learned:
Glossary of terms.
Aviette- small-sized aircraft with a low-power engine (engine power does not exceed 100 horsepower), usually one or two-seat.
Stabilizer- one of the horizontal planes that ensures the stability of the aircraft.
Keel- This is a vertical plane that ensures the stability of the aircraft.
Fuselage- the body of the aircraft, which serves to accommodate the crew, passengers, cargo and equipment; connects the wing, plumage, sometimes the chassis and the power plant.
IV. Practical part:
Organization of an exhibition of aircraft models from different materials and testing .
Well, which of the children did not make airplanes? I think these people are very hard to find. It was a great joy to launch these paper models, and it was interesting and easy to make. Because the paper plane is very easy to make and does not require material costs. All that is needed for such an aircraft is to take a sheet of paper, and after spending a few seconds, become the winner of the yard, school or office in the competition for the farthest or longest flight.
We also made our first airplane - the Kid at the technology lesson and launched them right in the classroom at recess. It was very interesting and fun.
Our homework was to make or draw a model of an airplane from any
material. We organized an exhibition of our aircraft, where all the students performed. There were drawn planes: with paints, pencils. Application from napkins and colored paper, aircraft models made of wood, cardboard, 20 matchboxes, plastic bottle.
We wanted to learn more about airplanes, and Lyudmila Gennadievna suggested that one group of students learn who built and made a controlled flight on it, and the other - history of the first paper planes. We found all the information about the aircraft on the Internet. When we learned about the paper plane launching competition, we also decided to hold such competitions for the longest distance and the longest planning.
For participation, we decided to make airplanes: “Dart”, “Glider”, “Kid”, “Arrow”, and I myself came up with the airplane “Falcon” (aircraft diagrams in Appendix No. 1-5).
Launched models 2 times. The plane won - "Dart", he is a prolem.
Launched models 2 times. The plane won - "Glider", it was in the air for 5 seconds.
Launched models 2 times. An airplane made from office paper won
paper, he flew 11 meters.
Conclusion: Thus, our hypothesis was confirmed: the Dart flew farthest (15 meters), the Glider was in the air the longest (5 seconds), airplanes made of office paper fly best.
But we liked learning everything new and new so much that we found a new aircraft model from modules on the Internet. The work, of course, is painstaking - it requires accuracy, perseverance, but very interesting, especially assembling. We made 2000 modules for the aircraft. Aircraft Designer" href="/text/category/aviakonstruktor/" rel="bookmark">Aircraft Designer and will design an aircraft that people will fly on.
VI. References:
1.http: //ru. wikipedia. org/wiki/Paper airplane...
2. http://www. *****/news/detail
3 http://ru. wikipedia. org›wiki/Aircraft_Mozhaisky
4.http://www. ›200711.htm
5.http://www. *****›avia/8259.html
6. http://ru. wikipedia. org›wiki/Wright Brothers
7. http:// locals. md› 2012 /stan-chempionom-mira…samolyotikov/
8 http:// *****› from modules MK plane
APPENDIX
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Paper airplanes have a rich and long history. It is believed that they tried to fold an airplane out of paper with their own hands back in ancient China and in England during the time of Queen Victoria. Subsequent new generations of paper model enthusiasts developed new variants. Even a child can make a flying paper airplane, as soon as he learns the basic principles of folding a layout. A simple scheme contains no more than 5-6 operations, instructions for creating advanced models are much more serious.
Different models will require different paper, differing in density and thickness. Certain models are able to move only in a straight line, some are able to write out a sharp turn. For the manufacture of different models, paper of a certain stiffness is required. Before you start modeling, try out different papers, select the required thickness and density. You should not collect crafts from crumpled paper, they will not fly. Playing with a paper airplane is a favorite pastime for most boys.
Before making a paper airplane, the child will need to turn on all his imagination, concentrate. When holding a children's holiday, you can hold competitions between children, let them launch airplanes folded with their own hands.
Such an airplane can be folded by any boy. For its manufacture, any paper is suitable, even newsprint. After the child is able to make this type of airplane, more serious designs will be within his power.
Consider all the stages of creating an aircraft:
This common option is called a glider, you can leave it with a sharp nose, or you can make it blunt, bend it.
There is a whole direction of origami involved in the creation of models of paper airplanes. It is called aerogami. You can learn an easy way to make an origami paper airplane. This option is done very quickly, it flies well. This is exactly what will interest the baby. You can equip it with a propeller. Prepare a sheet of paper, scissors or a knife, pencils, a sewing pin that has a bead on the top.
Manufacturing scheme:
Attach the propeller to the tail of the airplane mockup. The model is ready to run.
The kid will be very interested in an unusual paper plane, which independently returns back to his hands.
Let's figure out how such layouts are made:
The plane is ready for operation, it will fly further and further.
The flight range depends on the mass of the aircraft and the strength of the wind. The lighter the paper the mockup is made of, the easier it is to fly. But with a strong wind, he will not be able to fly far, he will simply be blown away. A heavy aircraft resists the wind flow more easily, but it has a shorter flight range. In order for our paper plane to fly along a smooth trajectory, it is necessary that both parts of it be exactly the same. If the wings turned out to be of different shapes or sizes, the plane will immediately go into a dive. It is advisable not to use adhesive tape, metal staples, glue in the manufacture. All this makes the product heavier, because of the extra weight the plane will not fly.
Paper plane(airplane) - a toy airplane made of paper. It is probably the most common form of aerogami, a branch of origami (the Japanese art of paper folding). In Japanese, such an aircraft is called 紙飛行機 (kami hikoki; kami=paper, hikoki=airplane).
This toy is popular because of its simplicity - it is easy to make even for a beginner in the art of paper folding. The simplest airplane requires only six steps to complete folding. Also, a paper airplane can be folded out of cardboard.
The use of paper to make toys is believed to have started 2,000 years ago in China, where kite making and flying was a popular pastime. Although this event can be seen as the origin of modern paper airplanes, it is impossible to say with certainty where exactly the invention of the kite took place; as time passed, more and more beautiful designs appeared, as well as types of kites with improved speed and / or lifting characteristics.
The earliest known date for the creation of paper airplanes is 1909. However, the most common version of the time of invention and the name of the inventor is 1930, Jack Northrop is a co-founder of the Lockheed Corporation. Northrop used paper airplanes to test new ideas while building real airplanes. On the other hand, it is possible that paper airplanes were known as far back as Victorian England.
Paper Planes, a children's film directed by Robert Connolly, won the Grand Prix at the Australian film festival CinéfestOz. “This charming children's film will also appeal to parents. Children and adults play wonderfully. And I simply envy the director for his level and talent,” said Bruce Beresford, chairman of the festival jury. Director Robert Connolly decided to spend the $100,000 award on work trips around the world for the young actors involved in the film. The film "Paper Planes" tells the story of a little Australian who went to the world championship of paper planes. The film is director Robert Connolly's debut in a children's feature film.
Numerous attempts to increase the time the paper airplane stays in the air from time to time lead to the taking of the next barriers in this sport. Ken Blackburn held the world record for 13 years (1983-1996) and got it again on October 8, 1998, by throwing a paper plane indoors so that it stayed in the air for 27.6 seconds. This result was confirmed by representatives of the Guinness Book of Records and CNN reporters. The paper airplane used by Blackburn can be classified as a glider.
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And so that you can participate in such competitions,
The duration of the flight in time and the range of the aircraft will depend on many nuances. And if you want to make a paper airplane with your child that flies for a long time, then pay attention to its following elements:
Paper airplane physics
From me: Despite the fact that the topic is quite serious, it is told vividly and interestingly. Being the father of a practically high school graduate, the author of the story was embroiled in a funny story with an unexpected ending. It has an educational part and a touching life-political part. The following will be discussed in the first person.
Shortly before the new year, the daughter decided to check her own progress and found out that the physical student, when filling out the journal backdated, instructed some extra fours and the semi-annual grade hangs between "5" and "4". Here you need to understand that physics in the 11th grade is a non-core subject, to put it mildly, everyone is busy with training for admission and a terrible exam, but it affects the overall score. With a groaning heart, for pedagogical reasons, I was refused to intervene - like sort it out yourself. She braced herself, came to find out, rewrote some independent one right there and got a six-month five. Everything would be fine, but the teacher asked, as part of the solution of the issue, to register for the Volga Scientific Conference (Kazan University) in the section "Physics" and write some kind of report. The participation of a student in this shnyaga is taken into account in the annual certification of teachers, well, like “then we’ll close the year for sure.” The teacher can be understood, normal, in general, an agreement.
The child loaded up, went to the organizing committee, took the rules of participation. Since the girl is quite responsible, she began to think and come up with some topic. Naturally, she turned to me, the closest technical intellectual of the post-Soviet era, for advice. There was a list of winners of past conferences on the Internet (they give diplomas of three degrees), this guided us, but did not help. The reports consisted of two varieties, one was “nanofilters in oil innovations”, the second was “photographs of crystals and an electronic metronome”. For me, the second kind is normal - children should cut a toad, and not rub glasses for government grants, but we didn’t have much ideas. I had to follow the rules, something like “preference is given to independent work and experiments.”
Taking into account the work done, we can apply a coloring on the mind map indicating the completion of the tasks. Green indicates points that are at a satisfactory level, light green - issues that have some limitations, yellow - areas affected, but not adequately developed, red - promising, in need of additional research (funding is welcome).
For experiments, 3 different models were taken.All planes were assembled from identical sheets of A4 paper. The mass of each aircraft is 5 grams.
To determine the basic parameters, a simple experiment was carried out - the flight of a paper airplane was recorded by a video camera against the background of a wall with metric markings. Since the frame interval for video shooting (1/30 second) is known, the gliding speed can be easily calculated. According to the drop in altitude, the glide angle and the aerodynamic quality of the aircraft are found on the corresponding frames.
On average, the speed of an airplane is 5–6 m/s, which is not so little.
Aerodynamic quality - about 8.
To recreate flight conditions, we need laminar flow up to 8 m/s and the ability to measure lift and drag. The classic method of such research is the wind tunnel. In our case, the situation is simplified by the fact that the airplane itself has small dimensions and speed and can be directly placed in a tube of limited dimensions. Therefore, we are not hindered by the situation when the blown model differs significantly in size from the original, which, due to the difference in Reynolds numbers, requires compensation during measurements.
With a pipe section of 300x200 mm and a flow rate of up to 8 m / s, we need a fan with a capacity of at least 1000 cubic meters / hour. To change the flow rate, you need a motor speed controller, and to measure it, an anemometer with appropriate accuracy. The velocity meter does not have to be digital, it is quite possible to get by with a deflected plate with graduation in angle or a liquid anemometer, which has greater accuracy.
The characteristics of the pipe turned out to be worse than the calculated ones, mainly due to the discrepancy between the fan performance and the passport characteristics. The flow boost also reduced the velocity in the measurement zone by 0.5 m/s. As a result, the maximum speed is slightly above 5 m/s, which, nevertheless, turned out to be sufficient.
Reynolds number for pipe:
Re = VLρ/η = VL/ν
V (speed) = 5m/s
L (characteristic) = 250mm = 0.25m
ν (factor (density/viscosity)) = 0.000014 m2/s
Re = 1.25/ 0.000014 = 89285.7143
Measurements have shown that the accuracy is quite sufficient for basic modes. However, it was difficult to fix the angle, so it is better to develop an appropriate mounting scheme with markings.
Model No. 1.
Golden mean. The design is as close as possible to the material - paper. The strength of the wings corresponds to the length, the weight distribution is optimal, so a properly folded aircraft is well aligned and flies smoothly. It is the combination of such qualities and ease of assembly that made this design so popular. The speed is less than the second model, but more than the third. At high speeds, the wide tail is already beginning to interfere, which previously perfectly stabilized the model.
Model number 2.
Model with the worst flight characteristics. The large sweep and short wings are designed to work better at high speeds, which is what happens, but the lift does not grow enough and the plane really flies like a spear. In addition, it does not stabilize in flight properly.
Model number 3.
The representative of the "engineering" school - the model was specially conceived with special characteristics. High aspect ratio wings do work better, but the drag builds up very quickly - the plane flies slowly and does not tolerate acceleration. To compensate for the lack of rigidity of the paper, numerous folds in the toe of the wing are used, which also increases the resistance. Nevertheless, the model is very revealing and flies well.
Some results on the visualization of vortices
If you introduce a source of smoke into the stream, you can see and photograph the streams that go around the wing. We did not have special smoke generators at our disposal, we used incense sticks. To increase the contrast, a photo processing filter was used. The flow rate also decreased because the density of the smoke was low.
Also, the flows can be examined using short threads glued to the wing, or with a thin probe with a thread at the end.
Connection of parameters and design solutions. Comparison of options reduced to a rectangular wing. The position of the aerodynamic center and the center of gravity and the characteristics of the models.
It has already been noted that paper as a material has many limitations. For low flight speeds, long narrow wings are of the best quality. It is no coincidence that real gliders, especially record holders, also have such wings. However, paper planes have technological limitations and their wings are not optimal.
To analyze the relationship between the geometry of models and their flight characteristics, it is necessary to bring a complex shape to a rectangular analogue by the area transfer method. The best way to do this is with computer programs that allow you to present different models in a universal way. After the transformations, the description will be reduced to the basic parameters - span, chord length, aerodynamic center.
The interconnection of these quantities and the center of mass will make it possible to fix characteristic values for various types of behavior. These calculations are beyond the scope of this work, but can be easily done. However, it can be assumed that the center of gravity for a paper plane with rectangular wings is at a distance of one to four from nose to tail, for an aircraft with delta wings - at one second (the so-called neutral point).
A more practical equivalent of a paper plane is the "Wing suite" - a wingsuit for skydivers that allows horizontal flight. By the way, the aerodynamic quality of such a suit is less than that of a paper plane - no more than 3.
I came up with a theme, a plan for 70%, theory editing, pieces of iron, general editing, speech plan.
She collected all the theory, up to the translation of articles, measurements (very time-consuming, by the way), drawings / graphs, text, literature, presentation, report (there were many questions).
The main parameters affecting the flight are described, comprehensive recommendations are given.
In the general part, an attempt was made to systematize the field of knowledge based on the mind map, and the main directions for further research were outlined.
By the end of the day, I began to worry, no answer - no hello. There was such a shaky state when you don’t understand whether a risky joke was a success or not. I didn’t want the teenager to somehow get sideways this story. It turned out that everything was delayed and her report fell as much as 4 pm. The child sent an SMS - "she told everything, the jury laughs." Well, I think, okay, thanks at least do not scold. And about an hour later - "diploma of the first degree." This was completely unexpected.
We thought about anything, but against the background of absolutely wild pressure of lobbied topics and participants, getting the first prize for a good, but informal work is something from a completely forgotten time. After that, she already said that the jury (quite authoritative, by the way, no less than CFM) nailed zombie nanotechnologists with lightning speed. Apparently, everyone is so fed up in scientific circles that they unconditionally put up an unspoken barrier to obscurantism. It got ridiculous - the poor child read out some wild scientisms, but could not answer what the angle was measured in during his experiments. Influential scientific leaders turned a little pale (but quickly recovered), it’s a mystery to me why they had to arrange such a disgrace, and even at the expense of children. As a result, all the prizes were given to nice guys with normal lively eyes and good topics. The second diploma, for example, was given to a girl with a model of the Stirling engine, who briskly launched it at the department, quickly changed modes and meaningfully commented on all sorts of situations. Another diploma was given to a guy who sat on a university telescope and looked out for something there under the guidance of a professor who clearly did not allow any outside “help”. This story gave me some hope. In what is the will of ordinary, normal people to the normal order of things. Not a habit of a predetermined injustice, but a readiness for efforts to restore it.
The next day, at the award ceremony, the chairman of the selection committee approached the winners and said that they were all enrolled ahead of schedule in the Faculty of Physics of KSU. If they want to enter, they simply have to bring documents out of competition. This benefit, by the way, really existed at one time, but now it has been officially canceled, as well as additional preferences for medalists and Olympiads (except, it seems, the winners of Russian Olympiads), have been canceled. That is, it was a pure initiative of the Academic Council. It is clear that now there is a crisis of applicants and they are not eager for physics, on the other hand, this is one of the most normal faculties with a good level. So, correcting the four, the child was in the first line of enrolled ..
Would a daughter pull such a job alone?
She also asked - like dads, I didn’t do everything myself.
My version is this. You did everything yourself, you understand what is written on each page and you will answer any question - yes. You know about the region more than those present here and acquaintances - yes. I understood the general technology of a scientific experiment from the inception of an idea to the result + side studies - yes. Did a great job, no doubt. She put forward this work on a general basis without patronage - yes. Protected - ok. The jury is qualified - no doubt. Then this is your student conference award.
I am an acoustic engineer, a small engineering company, I graduated from systems engineering in aviation, I still studied later.
© Lepers MishaRappe
They can't even do that
Here are some more records of paper aircraft construction
The world record for the longest paper airplane flight is 27.6 seconds (see above). Owned by Ken Blackburn from the United States of America. Ken is one of the most famous paper airplane modellers in the world.
The world record for the flight distance of a paper airplane is 58.82 m. The result was set by Tony Fletch (Tony Flech) from the US state of Wisconsin, May 21, 1985 and is a world record.
A paper airplane with the largest wingspan of 12.22 m was built by students of the Faculty of Aviation and Rocket Engineering, at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. The launch took place indoors on May 16, 1995. The model was launched by 1 person, the plane flew 34.80 m from a three-meter height. According to the rules, the plane had to fly about 15 meters. If not for the limited space, he would have flown much farther.
Dr. James Porter, medical director of robotic surgery in Sweden, folded a small paper airplane using a da Vinci robot, demonstrating how the device provides surgeons with greater precision and dexterity than existing tools.
You hardly remember my address on the envelope, of course,
And I'm yours - I remember by heart ... Although, it would seem - why?
You did not give a promise to write, and even remember,
They nodded briefly: "Bye," and waved to me.
I'll finish my letter, I'll fold my paper plane
And at midnight I will go out onto the balcony and let him fly.
Let it fly to where you, missing me, do not shed tears,
And, languishing in loneliness, do not beat the fish on the ice.
As if in a stormy sea with a simple nutshell
My white-winged postman sails in midnight silence.
Like the groan of a wounded soul, like a thin ray of fragile hope,
Which for so many long years, both day and night, shines on me.
Let the gray rain drum on the roofs of the city at night,
A paper plane is flying, because an ace pilot is at the helm,
Carries a letter, and in that letter there are only three cherished words,
Insanely important for me, but, unfortunately, not for you.
Seemingly simple route - from heart to heart, but that's just
That plane, for the umpteenth time, will be carried somewhere by the wind ...
And you, having not received a letter, do not be sad at all,
And you won't know that I love you... That's all...
© Alexander Ovchinnikov, 2010
Or witches
Palkin Mikhail Lvovich
Object of study
Paper planes of different shapes.
Subject of study
The duration of the flight of paper planes of various shapes.
Hypothesis
Target
Tasks
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Research work of a member of the scientific society "Umka" MOU "Lyceum No. 8 of Novoaltaysk" Palkin Mikhail Lvovich Scientific adviser Hovsepyan Gohar Matevosovna
Topic: "My paper plane takes off!" (dependence of the duration of the flight of a paper plane on its shape)
Relevance of the chosen topic Paper planes are a well-known paper craft that almost everyone can do. Or he knew how to do it before, but forgot a little. No problem! After all, you can fold the plane within a few seconds by tearing a sheet out of an ordinary school notebook. One of the main problems of a paper airplane is the short flight time. Therefore, I want to know whether the duration of the flight depends on its shape. Then it will be possible to advise classmates to make such an aircraft that will break all records.
The object of the study is paper planes of various shapes. The subject of the study is the duration of the flight of paper planes of various shapes.
Hypothesis If you change the shape of a paper plane, you can increase the duration of its flight. Objective To determine the paper airplane model with the longest flight duration. Objectives Find out what forms of a paper airplane exist. Fold paper planes according to various patterns. Determine whether the duration of the flight depends on its shape.
Methods: Observation. Experiment. Generalization. Research plan: Selecting a topic - May 2011 Formulating a hypothesis, goals and objectives - May 2011 Studying the material - June - August 2011 Conducting experiments - June-August 2011 Analysis of the results - September-November 2011
There are many ways to fold paper to make an airplane. Some options are quite complex, and some are simple. For some, it is better to use soft thin paper, and for some, on the contrary, it is more dense. The paper is malleable and at the same time has sufficient rigidity, retains a given shape, making it easy to make airplanes out of it. Consider a simple version of a paper airplane, which is known to everyone.
The plane, which many call the "fly". Rolls up easily, flies fast and far. Of course, to learn how to run it correctly, you have to practice a little. Below a series of sequential drawings will show you how to make a paper airplane. Watch and try to do it!
First, fold a sheet of paper exactly in half, then bend one of its corners. Now it is not difficult to bend the other side in the same way. Bend as shown in the picture.
We bend the corners to the center, leaving a small distance between them. We bend the corner, thereby fixing the corners of the figure.
Let's bend the figure in half Let's bend the "wings", aligning the bottom of the figure on both sides Well, now you know how to make an origami plane out of paper.
There are other options for assembling a flying model aircraft.
Having folded a paper airplane, you can color it with colored pencils, stick identification marks.
Here's what happened to me.
To find out whether the duration of the flight of an aircraft depends on its shape, let's try to run different models in turn and compare their flight. Checked, flies great! Sometimes when starting, it can fly "nose down", but this is fixable! Just slightly bend the tips of the wings up. Typically, the flight of such an airplane consists of a quick soar up and dive down.
Some airplanes fly in a straight line, while others follow a winding path. Aircraft for the longest flights have a large wingspan. Dart-shaped planes - they are just as narrow and long - fly at a faster speed. Such models fly faster and more stable, they are easier to launch.
My discoveries: 1. My first discovery was that it really flies. Not randomly and crookedly, like an ordinary school toy, but straight, fast and far. 2. The second discovery is that folding a paper airplane is not as easy as it seems. Actions must be confident and precise, the folds must be perfectly straight. 3 . Launching outdoors is different from indoor flying (the wind either hinders or helps it fly). 4 . The main discovery is that the duration of the flight significantly depends on the design of the aircraft.
Material used: www.stranaorigami.ru www.iz-bumagi.com www.mykler.ru www.origami-paper.ru Thank you for your attention!
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