home

Extraction of weakly magnetic minerals on a high-intensity magnetic separator from ores of non-ferrous, rare-earth and noble metals on the example of JSC "Irgiredmet", Kovdorsky GOK. Technology of enrichment of wolframite ores Business plan of enrichment of tungsten ore

The main tungsten minerals are scheelite, hübnerite and wolframite. Depending on the type of minerals, ores can be divided into two types; scheelite and wolframite (huebnerite).
Scheelite ores in Russia, and also in some cases abroad, are enriched by flotation. In Russia, the process of flotation of scheelite ores on an industrial scale was carried out before the Second World War at the Tyrny-Auz factory. This factory processes very complex molybdenum-scheelite ores containing a number of calcium minerals (calcite, fluorite, apatite). Calcium minerals, like scheelite, are floated with oleic acid, the depression of calcite and fluorite is produced by mixing in a liquid glass solution without heating (long contact) or with heating, as at the Tyrny-Auz factory. Instead of oleic acid, tall oil fractions are used, as well as acids from vegetable oils (reagents 708, 710, etc.) alone or in a mixture with oleic acid.

A typical scheme of scheelite ore flotation is given in fig. 38. According to this scheme, it is possible to remove calcite and fluorite and obtain concentrates that are conditioned in terms of tungsten trioxide. Ho apatite still remains in such quantity that the phosphorus content in the concentrate is above the standards. Excess phosphorus is removed by dissolving apatite in weak hydrochloric acid. The consumption of acid depends on the content of calcium carbonate in the concentrate and is 0.5-5 g of acid per ton of WO3.
In acid leaching, part of the scheelite, as well as powellite, is dissolved and then precipitated from solution in the form of CaWO4 + CaMoO4 and other impurities. The resulting dirty sediment is then processed according to the method of I.N. Maslenitsky.
Due to the difficulty of obtaining a conditioned tungsten concentrate, many factories abroad produce two products: a rich concentrate and a poor one for hydrometallurgical processing into calcium tungstate according to the method developed in Mekhanobre I.N. Maslenitsky, - leaching with soda in an autoclave under pressure with transfer to a solution in the form of CaWO4, followed by purification of the solution and precipitation of CaWO4. In some cases, with coarsely disseminated scheelite, finishing of flotation concentrates is carried out on tables.
From ores containing a significant amount of CaF2, the extraction of scheelite abroad by flotation has not been mastered. Such ores, for example in Sweden, are enriched on tables. Scheelite entrained with fluorite in the flotation concentrate is then recovered from this concentrate on a table.
At factories in Russia, scheelite ores are enriched by flotation, obtaining conditioned concentrates.
At the Tyrny-Auz plant, ore with a content of 0.2% WO3 is used to produce concentrates with a content of 6о% WO3 with an extraction of 82%. At the Chorukh-Dairon plant, with the same ore in terms of VVO3 content, 72% WO3 is obtained in concentrates with an extraction of 78.4%; at the Koitash plant, with ore with 0.46% WO3 in concentrate, 72.6% WO3 is obtained with a WO3 recovery of 85.2%; at the Lyangar plant in ore 0.124%, in concentrates - 72% with an extraction of 81.3% WO3. Additional separation of poor products is possible by reducing losses in the tailings. In all cases, if sulfides are present in the ore, they are isolated before scheelite flotation.
The consumption of materials and energy is illustrated by the data below, kg/t:

Wolframite (Hübnerite) ores are enriched exclusively by gravity methods. Some ores with uneven and coarse-grained dissemination, such as the Bukuki ore (Transbaikalia), can be pre-enriched in heavy suspensions, separating about 60% of waste rock at a fineness of -26 + 3 MM with a content of no more than 0.03% WO3.
However, with a relatively low productivity of factories (not more than 1000 tons / day), the first stage of enrichment is carried out in jigging machines, usually starting from a particle size of about 10 mm with coarsely disseminated ores. In new modern schemes, in addition to jigging machines and tables, Humphrey screw separators are used, replacing some of the tables with them.
The progressive scheme of enrichment of tungsten ores is given in fig. 39.
Finishing of tungsten concentrates depends on their composition.

Sulfides from concentrates thinner than 2 mm are isolated by flotation gravity: concentrates after mixing with acid and flotation reagents (xanthate, oils) are sent to a concentration table; the resulting CO table concentrate is dried and subjected to magnetic separation. The coarse-grained concentrate is pre-crushed. Sulfides from fine concentrates from slurry tables are isolated by froth flotation.
If there are a lot of sulfides, it is advisable to separate them from the hydrocyclone drain (or classifier) before enrichment on the tables. This will improve the conditions for separating wolframite on the tables and during concentrate finishing operations.
Typically, coarse concentrates prior to finishing contain about 30% WO3 with recovery up to 85%. For illustration in table. 86 shows some data on factories.

During gravitational enrichment of wolframite ores (hubnerite, ferberite) from slimes thinner than 50 microns, the extraction is very low and losses in the slime part are significant (10-15% of the content in the ore).
From sludges by flotation with fatty acids at pH=10, additional WO3 can be recovered into lean products containing 7-15% WO3. These products are suitable for hydrometallurgical processing.
Wolframite (Hübnerite) ores contain a certain amount of non-ferrous, rare and precious metals. Some of them pass during gravitational enrichment into gravitational concentrates and are transferred to finishing tailings. Molybdenum, bismuth-lead, lead-copper-silver, zinc (they contain cadmium, indium) and pyrite concentrates can be isolated by selective flotation from sulfide tailings, as well as from sludge, and the tungsten product can also be additionally isolated.

25.11.2019

In every industry where liquid or viscous products are produced: pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and chemicals – everywhere...

25.11.2019

To date, mirror heating is a new option that allows you to keep a clean surface of the mirror from hot steam after taking water procedures. Thanks to...

25.11.2019

A barcode is a graphic symbol depicting the alternation of black and white stripes or other geometric shapes. It is applied as part of the marking ...

25.11.2019

Many owners of country residential estates, who want to create the most comfortable atmosphere in their home, think about how to correctly choose a firebox for a fireplace, ...

25.11.2019

Both in amateur and professional construction, profile pipes are very popular. With their help, they build capable of withstanding heavy loads ...

24.11.2019

Safety footwear is a part of the worker's equipment designed to protect the feet from cold, high temperatures, chemicals, mechanical damage, electricity, etc...

24.11.2019

We are all used to, leaving the house, be sure to look in the mirror to check our appearance and once again smile at our reflection ....

23.11.2019

From time immemorial, the main affairs of women around the world have been laundry, cleaning, cooking and all kinds of activities that contribute to the organization of comfort in the house. However, then...

Introduction

1 . Importance of technogenic mineral raw materials

1.1. Mineral resources of the ore industry in the Russian Federation and the tungsten sub-industry

1.2. Technogenic mineral formations. Classification. The need to use

1.3. Technogenic mineral formation of the Dzhida VMK

1.4. Goals and objectives of the study. Research methods. Provisions for defense

2. Study of the material composition and technological properties of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMC

2.1. Geological sampling and evaluation of tungsten distribution

2.2. The material composition of mineral raw materials

2.3. Technological properties of mineral raw materials

2.3.1. Grading

2.3.2. Study of the possibility of radiometric separation of mineral raw materials in the initial size

2.3.3. Gravity Analysis

2.3.4. Magnetic analysis

3. Development of a technological scheme

3.1. Technological testing of different gravity devices during the enrichment of stale tailings of various sizes

3.2. Optimization of the GR processing scheme

3.3. Semi-industrial testing of the developed technological scheme for the enrichment of general relativity and industrial plant

Introduction to work

Mineral enrichment sciences are primarily aimed at developing the theoretical foundations of mineral separation processes and creating enrichment apparatuses, at revealing the relationship between the distribution patterns of components and separation conditions in enrichment products in order to increase the selectivity and speed of separation, its efficiency and economy, and environmental safety.

Despite significant mineral reserves and a reduction in resource consumption in recent years, the depletion of mineral resources is one of the most important problems in Russia. Weak use of resource-saving technologies contributes to large losses of minerals during the extraction and enrichment of raw materials.

An analysis of the development of equipment and technology for mineral processing over the past 10-15 years indicates significant achievements of domestic fundamental science in the field of understanding the main phenomena and patterns in the separation of mineral complexes, which makes it possible to create highly efficient processes and technologies for the primary processing of ores of complex material composition and, as consequently, to provide the metallurgical industry with the necessary range and quality of concentrates. At the same time, in our country, in comparison with developed foreign countries, there is still a significant lag in the development of the machine-building base for the production of main and auxiliary enrichment equipment, in its quality, metal consumption, energy intensity and wear resistance.

more than 12 billion tons of waste, the content of valuable components in which in some cases exceeds their content in natural deposits.

In addition to the above negative trends, starting from the 90s, the environmental situation at mining and processing enterprises has sharply worsened (in a number of regions threatening the existence of not only biota, but also humans), there has been a progressive decline in the extraction of non-ferrous and ferrous metal ores, mining and chemical raw materials, deterioration in the quality of processed ores and, as a result, the involvement in processing of refractory ores of complex material composition, characterized by a low content of valuable components, fine dissemination and similar technological properties of minerals. Thus, over the past 20 years, the content of non-ferrous metals in ores has decreased by 1.3-1.5 times, iron by 1.25 times, gold by 1.2 times, the share of refractory ores and coal has increased from 15% to 40% of the total mass of raw materials supplied for enrichment.

Human impact on the natural environment in the process of economic activity is now becoming global. In terms of the scale of extracted and transported rocks, the transformation of the relief, the impact on the redistribution and dynamics of surface and groundwater, the activation of geochemical transport, etc. this activity is comparable to geological processes.

The unprecedented scale of recoverable mineral resources leads to their rapid depletion, the accumulation of a large amount of waste on the Earth's surface, in the atmosphere and hydrosphere, the gradual degradation of natural landscapes, the reduction of biodiversity, the decrease in the natural potential of territories and their life-supporting functions.

sources of ore and mineral raw materials with a significant reduction in the scale of disturbance of the geological environment in the region.

The production of products from technogenic deposits, as a rule, is several times cheaper than from raw materials specially mined for this purpose, and is characterized by a quick return on investment. However, the complex chemical, mineralogical and granulometric composition of tailings, as well as a wide range of minerals contained in them (from the main and associated components to the simplest building materials) make it difficult to calculate the total economic effect of their processing and determine an individual approach to assessing each tailing.

Consequently, at the moment a number of insoluble contradictions have emerged between the change in the nature of the mineral resource base, i.e. the need to involve in the processing of refractory ores and man-made deposits, the environmentally aggravated situation in the mining regions and the state of technology, technology and organization of the primary processing of mineral raw materials.

The issues of using wastes from the enrichment of polymetallic, gold-bearing and rare metals have both economic and environmental aspects.

V.A. Chanturia, V.Z. Kozin, V.M. Avdokhin, SB. Leonov, L.A. Barsky, A.A. Abramov, V.I. Karmazin, S.I. Mitrofanov and others.

An important part of the overall strategy of the mining industry, incl. tungsten, is the growth in the use of ore processing waste as additional sources of ore and mineral raw materials, with a significant reduction in the extent of disturbance of the geological environment in the region and the negative impact on all components of the environment.

In the field of using ore processing waste, the most important is a detailed mineralogical and technological study of each specific,

individual technogenic deposit, the results of which will allow developing an effective and environmentally friendly technology for the industrial development of an additional source of ore and mineral raw materials.

The problems considered in the dissertation work were solved in accordance with the scientific direction of the Department of Mineral Processing and Engineering Ecology of the Irkutsk State Technical University on the topic “Fundamental and technological research in the field of processing of mineral and technogenic raw materials for the purpose of its integrated use, taking into account environmental problems in complex industrial systems ” and the film theme No. 118 “Research on the washability of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK”.

Objective- scientifically substantiate, develop and test
rational technological methods of enrichment of stale

The following tasks were solved in the work:

Estimate the distribution of tungsten over the entire space of the main
technogenic formation of the Dzhida VMK;

to study the material composition of the stale tailings of the Dzhizhinsky VMK;

to investigate the contrast of stale tailings in the original size according to the content of W and S (II);

to investigate the gravitational washability of the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK in various sizes;

determine the feasibility of using magnetic enrichment to improve the quality of crude tungsten-containing concentrates;

to optimize the technological scheme for the enrichment of technogenic raw materials from the OTO of the Dzhida VMK;

to conduct semi-industrial tests of the developed scheme for extracting W from stale tailings of the FESCO;

To develop a scheme of a chain of apparatus for the industrial processing of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK.

A representative technological sample of stale tailings from the Dzhida VMK was used to perform the research.

When solving the formulated problems, the following research methods: spectral, optical, chemical, mineralogical, phase, gravitational and magnetic methods for analyzing the material composition and technological properties of the initial mineral raw materials and enrichment products.

The following are defended main scientific provisions:

The patterns of distribution of the initial technogenic mineral raw materials and tungsten by size classes are established. The necessity of primary (preliminary) classification by size 3 mm is proved.

Quantitative characteristics of stale tailings of ore-dressing of ores of the Dzhida VMK have been established in terms of the content of WO3 and sulfide sulfur. It is proved that the original mineral raw materials belong to the category of non-contrast ores. A significant and reliable correlation between the contents of WO3 and S (II) was revealed.

Quantitative patterns of gravitational concentration of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK have been established. It has been proven that for the source material of any size, an effective method for extracting W is gravity enrichment. Predictive technological indicators of gravitational enrichment of initial mineral raw materials are determined in different size.

Quantitative regularities in the distribution of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK ore concentration by fractions of different specific magnetic susceptibility have been established. The successive use of magnetic and centrifugal separation has been proven to improve the quality of crude W-containing products. Technological modes of magnetic separation have been optimized.

The material composition of mineral raw materials

When examining a side tailing dump (emergency dump tailing dump (HAS)) 35 furrow samples were taken from the pits and strippings along the slopes of the dumps; the total length of the furrows is 46 m. The pits and strippings are located in 6 exploration lines, spaced 40-100 m apart from each other; the distance between the pits (cleanings) in the exploration lines is from 30-40 to 100-150 m. All lithological varieties of sands have been tested. The samples were analyzed for the content of W03 and S (II) . In this area, 13 samples were taken from pits 1.0 m deep. The distance between the lines is about 200 m, between the workings - from 40 to 100 m (depending on the distribution of the same type of lithological layer). The results of sample analyzes for the content of WO3 and sulfur are given in Table. 2.1. Table 2.1 - The content of WO3 and sulfide sulfur in private samples of XAS It can be seen that the content of WO3 varies between 0.05-0.09%, with the exception of sample M-16, taken from medium-grained gray sands. In the same sample, high concentrations of S (II) were found - 4.23% and 3.67%. For individual samples (M-8, M-18), a high content of S sulfate was noted (20-30% of the total sulfur content). In the upper part of the emergency tailing dump, 11 samples of various lithological differences were taken. The content of WO3 and S (II), depending on the origin of the sands, varies in a wide range: from 0.09 to 0.29% and from 0.78 to 5.8%, respectively. Elevated WO3 contents are characteristic of medium-coarse-grained sand varieties. The content of S (VI) is 80 - 82% of the total content of S, but in some samples, mainly with low contents of tungsten trioxide and total sulfur, it decreases to 30%.

The reserves of the deposit can be estimated as resources of category Pj (see Table 2.2). In the upper part of the length of the pit, they vary in a wide range: from 0.7 to 9.0 m, so the average content of controlled components is calculated taking into account the parameters of the pits. In our opinion, based on the above characteristics, taking into account the composition of stale tailings, their safety, conditions of occurrence, contamination with household waste, the content of WO3 in them and the degree of sulfur oxidation, only the upper part of the emergency tailing dump with resources of 1.0 million tons of sands and 1330 tons of WO3 with a WO3 content of 0.126%. Their location in close proximity to the projected processing plant (250-300 m) favors their transportation. The lower part of the emergency tailing dump is to be disposed of as part of the environmental rehabilitation program for the city of Zakamensk.

5 samples were taken on the deposit area. The interval between sampling points is 1000-1250 m. Samples were taken for the entire thickness of the layer, analyzed for the content of WO3, Ptot and S (II) (see Table 2.3). Table 2.3 - The content of WO3 and sulfur in individual ATO samples From the results of the analyzes it can be seen that the content of WO3 is low, varies from 0.04 to 0.10%. The average content of S (II) is 0.12% and is of no practical interest. The work carried out does not allow us to consider the secondary alluvial tailing dump as a potential industrial facility. However, as a source of environmental pollution, these formations are subject to disposal. The main tailing dump (MTF) has been explored along parallel exploration lines oriented along the azimuth of 120 and located 160 - 180 m apart. Exploration lines are oriented across the strike of the dam and the slurry pipeline, through which ore tailings were discharged, deposited subparallel to the dam crest. Thus, the exploration lines were also oriented across the bedding of technogenic deposits. Along the exploration lines, the bulldozer passed trenches to a depth of 3-5 m, from which pits were driven to a depth of 1 to 4 m. The depth of the trenches and pits was limited by the stability of the walls of the workings. The pits in the trenches were driven through 20 - 50 m in the central part of the deposit and after 100 m - on the southeastern flank, on the area of the former settling pond (now dried up), from which water was supplied to the processing plants during the operation of the plant.

The area of the NTO along the distribution border is 1015 thousand m2 (101.5 ha); along the long axis (along the valley of the river Barun-Naryn) it is extended for 1580 m, in the transverse direction (near the dam) its width is 1050 m. Consequently, one pit illuminates an area of 12850 m, which is equivalent to an average network of 130x100 m. all workings); the area of the exploration network averaged 90x100 m2. On the extreme southeastern flank, at the site of a former settling pond in the area of development of fine-grained sediments - silts, 12 pits (15% of the total) were drilled, characterizing an area of about 370 thousand m (37% of the total area of the technogenic deposit); the average network area here was 310x100 m2. In the area of transition from uneven-grained sands to silts, composed of silty sands, on an area of about 115 thousand m (11% of the area of the technogenic deposit), 8 pits were passed (10% of the number of workings in the technogenic deposit) and the average area of the exploration network was 145x100 m. of the tested section at the man-caused deposit is 4.3 m, including on uneven-grained sands -5.2 m, silty sands -2.1 m, silts -1.3 m. - 1115 m near the upper part of the dam, up to 1146 - 148 m in the central part and up to 1130-1135 m on the southeastern flank. In total, 60 - 65% of the capacity of the technogenic deposit has been tested. Trenches, pits, clearings and burrows are documented in M 1:50 -1:100 and tested with a furrow with a section of 0.1x0.05 m2 (1999) and 0.05x0.05 m2 (2000). The length of furrow samples was 1 m, weight 10 - 12 kg in 1999. and 4 - 6 kg in 2000. The total length of the tested intervals in the exploration lines was 338 m, in general, taking into account the detailing areas and individual sections outside the network, it was 459 m. The mass of the samples taken was 5 tons.

The samples together with the passport (characteristic of the breed, sample number, production and performer) were packed in polyethylene and then cloth bags and sent to the RAC of the Republic of Buryatia, where they were weighed, dried, analyzed for the content of W03, and S (II) according to the methods of NS AM. The correctness of the analyzes was confirmed by the comparability of the results of ordinary, group (RAC analyses) and technological (TsNIGRI and VIMS analyses) samples. The results of the analysis of individual technological samples taken at the OTO are given in Appendix 1. The main (OTO) and two side tailings (KhAT and ATO) of the Dzhida VMK were statistically compared in terms of WO3 content using the Student's t-test (see Appendix 2) . With a confidence level of 95%, the following was established: - no significant statistical difference in WO3 content between private samples of side tailings; - average results of OTO sampling in terms of WO3 content in 1999 and 2000. belong to the same general population. Consequently, the chemical composition of the main tailing dump changes insignificantly over time under the influence of external influences. All stocks of GRT can be processed using a single technology.; - the average results of testing the main and secondary tailings in terms of WO3 content significantly differ from each other. Therefore, the development of a local enrichment technology is required to involve minerals from side tailings.

Technological properties of mineral raw materials

According to the granular composition, the sediments are divided into three types of sediments: inequigranular sands; silty sands (silty); silts. There are gradual transitions between these types of precipitation. More distinct boundaries are observed in the thickness of the section. They are due to the alternation of sediments of different size composition, different colors (from dark green to light yellow and gray) and different material composition (quartz-feldspar non-metallic part and sulfide with magnetite, hematite, hydroxides of iron and manganese). The entire sequence is layered - from finely to coarsely layered; the latter is more characteristic of coarse-grained deposits or interlayers of essentially sulfide mineralization. Fine-grained (silty, silty fractions, or layers composed of dark-colored - amphibole, hematite, goethite) usually form thin (the first cm - mm) layers. The occurrence of the entire sequence of sediments is subhorizontal with a predominant dip of 1-5 in the northern points. Inequigranular sands are located in the northwestern and central parts of the OTO, which is due to their sedimentation near the source of discharge - the pulp conduit. The width of the strip of uneven-grained sands is 400-500 m, along the strike they occupy the entire width of the valley - 900-1000 m. The color of the sands is gray-yellow, yellow-green. The texture is variable - from fine-grained to coarse-grained varieties up to lenses of gravelstones with a thickness of 5-20 cm and a length of up to 10-15 m. Silty (silty) sands stand out in the form of a layer 7-10 m thick (horizontal thickness, outcrop 110-120 m ). They lie under uneven-grained sands. In the section, they are a layered stratum of gray, greenish-gray color with alternating fine-grained sands with interlayers of silt. The volume of silts in the section of silty sands increases in the southeast direction, where silts make up the main part of the section.

Silts compose the southeastern part of the OTO and are represented by finer particles of enrichment wastes of dark gray, dark green, bluish-green color with interlayers of grayish-yellow sands. The main feature of their structure is a more homogeneous, more massive texture with less pronounced and less clearly expressed layering. The silts are underlain by silty sands and lie on the base of the bed - alluvial-deluvial deposits. The granulometric characteristics of OTO mineral raw materials with the distribution of gold, tungsten, lead, zinc, copper, fluorite (calcium and fluorine) by size classes are given in Table. 2.8. According to the granulometric analysis, the bulk of the OTO sample material (about 58%) has a particle size of -1 + 0.25 mm, 17% each fall into large (-3 + 1 mm) and small (-0.25 + 0.1) mm classes. The proportion of material with a particle size of less than 0.1 mm is about 8%, of which half (4.13%) falls on the sludge class -0.044 + 0 mm. Tungsten is characterized by a slight fluctuation in the content in size classes from -3 +1 mm to -0.25 + 0.1 mm (0.04-0.05%) and a sharp increase (up to 0.38%) in the size class -0 .1+0.044 mm. In the slime class -0.044+0 mm, the tungsten content is reduced to 0.19%. Huebnerite accumulation occurs only in small-sized material, that is, in the -0.1 + 0.044 mm class. Thus, 25.28% of tungsten is concentrated in the -0.1 + 0.044 mm class with an output of this class of about 4% and 37.58% in the -0.1 + 0 mm class with an output of this class of 8.37%. Differential and integral histograms of the distribution of particles of mineral raw materials OTO by size classes and histograms of the absolute and relative distribution of W by size classes of mineral raw materials OTO are shown in Fig. 2.2. and 2.3. In table. 2.9 shows data on impregnation of hubnerite and scheelite in mineral raw materials OTO of initial size and crushed to - 0.5 mm.

In the class -5 + 3 mm of the original mineral raw material, there are no grains of pobnerite and scheelite, as well as intergrowths. In the -3+1 mm class, the content of free grains of scheelite and hübnerite is quite high (37.2% and 36.1%, respectively). In the -1 + 0.5 mm class, both mineral forms of tungsten are present in almost equal amounts, both in the form of free grains and in the form of intergrowths. In thin classes -0.5 + 0.25, -0.25 + 0.125, -0.125 + 0.063, -0.063 + 0 mm, the content of free grains of scheelite and hübnerite is significantly higher than the content of intergrowths (the content of intergrowths varies from 11.9 to 3, 0%) The size class -1+0.5 mm is boundary and the content of free grains of scheelite and hübnerite and their intergrowths is practically the same in it. Based on the data in Table. 2.9, it can be concluded that it is necessary to classify the deslimed mineral raw materials OTO according to the size of 0.1 mm and separate enrichment of the resulting classes. From a large class, it is necessary to separate free grains into a concentrate, and tailings containing intergrowths must be subjected to regrinding. Crushed and de-sludged tailings should be combined with de-sludged grade -0.1+0.044 of the original mineral raw materials and sent to gravity operation II in order to extract fine grains of scheelite and pobnerite into middlings.

2.3.2 Study of the possibility of radiometric separation of mineral raw materials in the initial size Radiometric separation is a process of large-sized separation of ores according to the content of valuable components, based on the selective effect of various types of radiation on the properties of minerals and chemical elements. More than twenty methods of radiometric enrichment are known; the most promising of them are X-ray radiometric, X-ray luminescent, radio resonance, photometric, autoradiometric and neutron absorption. With the help of radiometric methods, the following technological problems are solved: preliminary enrichment with the removal of waste rock from the ore; selection of technological varieties, varieties with subsequent enrichment according to separate schemes; isolation of products suitable for chemical and metallurgical processing. The assessment of radiometric washability includes two stages: the study of the properties of ores and the experimental determination of the technological parameters of enrichment. At the first stage, the following main properties are studied: the content of valuable and harmful components, particle size distribution, single- and multi-component contrast of the ore. At this stage, the fundamental possibility of using radiometric enrichment is established, the limiting separation indicators are determined (at the contrast study stage), separation methods and features are selected, their effectiveness is evaluated, theoretical separation indicators are determined, and a schematic diagram of radiometric enrichment is developed, taking into account the specifics of the subsequent processing technology. At the second stage, the modes and practical results of separation are determined, enlarged laboratory tests of the radiometric enrichment scheme are carried out, a rational version of the scheme is selected based on a technical and economic comparison of the combined technology (with radiometric separation at the beginning of the process) with the basic (traditional) technology.

In each case, the mass, size and number of technological samples are set depending on the properties of the ore, the structural features of the deposit and the methods of its exploration. The content of valuable components and the uniformity of their distribution in the ore mass are the determining factors in the use of radiometric enrichment. The choice of the method of radiometric enrichment is influenced by the presence of impurity elements isomorphically associated with useful minerals and in some cases playing the role of indicators, as well as the content of harmful impurities, which can also be used for these purposes.

Optimization of the GR processing scheme

In connection with the involvement of low-grade ores with a tungsten content of 0.3-0.4% in recent years, multi-stage combined enrichment schemes based on a combination of gravity, flotation, magnetic and electrical separation, chemical finishing of low-grade flotation concentrates, etc. have become widespread. . A special International Congress in 1982 in San Francisco was devoted to the problems of improving the technology of enrichment of low-grade ores. An analysis of the technological schemes of operating enterprises showed that various methods of preliminary concentration have become widespread in ore preparation: photometric sorting, preliminary jigging, enrichment in heavy media, wet and dry magnetic separation. In particular, photometric sorting is effectively used at one of the largest suppliers of tungsten products - at Mount Corbine in Australia, which processes ores with a tungsten content of 0.09% at large Chinese factories - Taishan and Xihuashan.

For preliminary concentration of ore components in heavy media, highly efficient Dinavirpul devices from Sala (Sweden) are used. According to this technology, the material is classified and the +0.5 mm class is enriched in a heavy medium, represented by a mixture of ferrosilicon. Some factories use dry and wet magnetic separation as pre-concentration. So, at the Emerson plant in the USA, wet magnetic separation is used to separate the pyrrhotite and magnetite contained in the ore, and at the Uyudag plant in Turkey, grade - 10 mm is subjected to dry grinding and magnetic separation in separators with low magnetic intensity to separate magnetite, and then enriched in separators with high tension in order to separate the garnet. Further enrichment includes bench concentration, flotation gravity and scheelite flotation. An example of the use of multi-stage combined schemes for the enrichment of poor tungsten ores, which ensure the production of high-quality concentrates, are the technological schemes used at factories in the PRC. So, at the Taishan plant with a capacity of 3000 tons / day for ore, wolframite-scheelite material with a tungsten content of 0.25% is processed. The original ore is subjected to manual and photometric sorting with the removal of 55% of waste rock to the dump. Further enrichment is carried out on jigging machines and concentration tables. The obtained rough gravity concentrates are adjusted by the methods of flotation gravity and flotation. The factories of Xihuashan, which processes ores with a wolframite to scheelite ratio of 10:1, use a similar gravity cycle. The draft gravity concentrate is fed to flotation gravity and flotation, due to which sulphides are removed. Next, wet magnetic separation of the chamber product is carried out in order to isolate wolframite and rare earth minerals. The magnetic fraction is sent to electrostatic separation and then wolframite flotation. The non-magnetic fraction enters the flotation of sulphides, and the flotation tails are subjected to magnetic separation to obtain scheelite and cassiterite-wolframite concentrates. The total content of WO3 is 65% with an extraction of 85%.

There is an increase in the use of the flotation process in combination with the chemical refinement of the resulting poor concentrates. In Canada, at the Mount Pleasant plant for the enrichment of complex tungsten-molybdenum ores, a flotation technology has been adopted, including the flotation of sulfides, molybdenite and wolframite. In the main sulfide flotation, copper, molybdenum, lead, and zinc are recovered. The concentrate is cleaned, finely ground, subjected to steaming and conditioning with sodium sulfide. Molybdenum concentrate is cleaned and subjected to acid leaching. Sulfide flotation tailings are treated with sodium fluorosilicone to depress gangue minerals and wolframite is floated with organophosphorus acid, followed by leaching of the resulting wolframite concentrate with sulfuric acid. At the Kantung plant (Canada), the scheelite flotation process is complicated by the presence of talc in the ore, therefore, a primary talc flotation cycle is introduced, then copper minerals and pyrrhotite are floated. The flotation tailings are subjected to gravity enrichment to obtain two tungsten concentrates. Gravity tailings are sent to the scheelite flotation cycle, and the resulting flotation concentrate is treated with hydrochloric acid. At the Ikssheberg plant (Sweden), the replacement of the gravity-flotation scheme with a purely flotation one made it possible to obtain a scheelite concentrate with a content of 68-70% WO3 with a recovery of 90% (according to the gravity-flotation scheme, the recovery was 50%) . Recently, much attention has been paid to improving the technology of extracting tungsten minerals from sludge in two main areas: gravitational sludge enrichment in modern multi-deck concentrators (similar to tin-containing sludge enrichment) with subsequent refinement of the concentrate by flotation and enrichment in wet magnetic separators with a high magnetic field strength (for wolframite slimes).

An example of the use of combined technology are factories in China. The technology includes slime thickening to 25-30% solids, sulphide flotation, tailings enrichment in centrifugal separators. The crude concentrate obtained (WO3 content 24.3% with a recovery of 55.8%) is fed to wolframite flotation using organophosphorus acid as a collector. The flotation concentrate containing 45% WO3 is subjected to wet magnetic separation to obtain wolframite and tin concentrates. According to this technology, a wolframite concentrate with a content of 61.3% WO3 is obtained from sludge with a content of 0.3-0.4% WO3 with a recovery of 61.6%. Thus, technological schemes for the enrichment of tungsten ores are aimed at increasing the complexity of the use of raw materials and separating all associated valuable components into independent types of products. So, at the factory Kuda (Japan), when enriching complex ores, 6 marketable products are obtained. In order to determine the possibility of additional extraction of useful components from stale tailings in the mid-90s. in TsNIGRI, a technological sample with a tungsten trioxide content of 0.1% was studied. It has been established that the main valuable component in the tailings is tungsten. The content of non-ferrous metals is quite low: copper 0.01-0.03; lead - 0.09-0.2; zinc -0.06-0.15%, gold and silver were not found in the sample. The conducted studies have shown that the successful extraction of tungsten trioxide will require significant costs for regrinding tailings, and at this stage, their involvement in processing is not promising.

The technological scheme of mineral processing, which includes two or more devices, embodies all the characteristic features of a complex object, and the optimization of the technological scheme can, apparently, be the main task of system analysis. In solving this problem, almost all the previously considered modeling and optimization methods can be used. However, the structure of concentrator circuits is so complex that additional optimization techniques need to be considered. Indeed, for a circuit consisting of at least 10-12 devices, it is difficult to implement a conventional factorial experiment or to carry out multiple nonlinear statistical processing. Currently, several ways to optimize circuits are outlined, an evolutionary way of summarizing the accumulated experience and taking a step in the successful direction of changing the circuit.

Semi-industrial testing of the developed technological scheme for the enrichment of general relativity and industrial plant

The tests were carried out in October-November 2003. During the tests, 15 tons of initial mineral raw materials were processed in 24 hours. The results of testing the developed technological scheme are shown in fig. 3.4 and 3.5 and in table. 3.6. It can be seen that the yield of the conditioned concentrate is 0.14%, the content is 62.7% with the extraction of WO3 49.875%. The results of spectral analysis of a representative sample of the obtained concentrate, are given in table. 3.7, confirm that the W-concentrate of the III magnetic separation is conditioned and corresponds to the grade KVG (T) of GOST 213-73 "Technical requirements (composition,%) for tungsten concentrates obtained from tungsten-containing ores". Therefore, the developed technological scheme for the extraction of W from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK ore-dressing can be recommended for industrial use and the stale tailings are transferred into additional industrial mineral raw materials of the Dzhida VMK.

For the industrial processing of stale tailings according to the developed technology at Q = 400 t/h, a list of equipment has been developed, which is given in class -0.1 mm must be carried out on a KNELSON centrifugal separator with periodic discharge of the concentrate. Thus, it has been established that the most effective way to extract WO3 from RTO with a particle size of -3 + 0.5 mm is screw separation; from size classes -0.5 + 0.1 and -0.1 + 0 mm and crushed to -0.1 mm tailings of primary enrichment - centrifugal separation. The essential features of the technology for processing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK are as follows: 1. A narrow classification of the feed sent for primary enrichment and refinement is necessary; 2. An individual approach is required when choosing the method of primary enrichment of classes of various sizes; 3. Obtaining tailings is possible with the primary enrichment of the finest feed (-0.1 + 0.02 mm); 4. Use of hydrocyclone operations to combine dehydration and sizing operations. The drain contains particles with a particle size of -0.02 mm; 5. Compact arrangement of equipment. 6. Profitability of the technological scheme (APPENDIX 4), the final product is a conditioned concentrate that meets the requirements of GOST 213-73.

Kiselev, Mikhail Yurievich

IRKUTSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

As a manuscript

Artemova Olesya Stanislavovna

DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY FOR THE EXTRACTION OF TUNGSTEN FROM THE OLD TAILINGS OF THE DZHIDA VMK

Specialty 25.00.13 - Enrichment of minerals

dissertations for the degree of candidate of technical sciences

Irkutsk 2004

The work was carried out at the Irkutsk State Technical University.

Scientific adviser: Doctor of Technical Sciences,

Professor K. V. Fedotov

Official opponents: Doctor of Technical Sciences,

Professor Yu.P. Morozov

Candidate of Technical Sciences A.Ya. Mashovich

Lead organization: St. Petersburg State

Mining Institute (Technical University)

The defense will take place on December 22, 2004 at /O* hours at a meeting of the dissertation council D 212.073.02 of the Irkutsk State Technical University at the address: 664074, Irkutsk, st. Lermontov, 83, room. K-301

Scientific Secretary of the Dissertation Council Professor

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

The relevance of the work. Tungsten alloys are widely used in mechanical engineering, mining, metalworking industry, and in the production of electric lighting equipment. The main consumer of tungsten is metallurgy.

Increasing the production of tungsten is possible due to the involvement in the processing of complex in composition, difficult to enrich, poor in content of valuable components and off-balance ores, through the widespread use of gravity enrichment methods.

Involvement in the processing of stale tailings from the Dzhida VMK will solve the urgent problem of the raw material base, increase the production of demanded tungsten concentrate and improve the environmental situation in the Trans-Baikal region.

The purpose of the work: to scientifically substantiate, develop and test rational technological methods and modes of enrichment of stale tungsten-containing tailings of the Dzhida VMK.

Idea of the work: study of the relationship between the structural, material and phase compositions of the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK with their technological properties, which makes it possible to create a technology for processing technogenic raw materials.

The following tasks were solved in the work: to estimate the distribution of tungsten throughout the space of the main technogenic formation of the Dzhida VMK; to study the material composition of the stale tailings of the Dzhizhinsky VMK; to investigate the contrast of stale tailings in the original size according to the content of W and 8 (II); to investigate the gravitational washability of the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK in various sizes; determine the feasibility of using magnetic enrichment to improve the quality of crude tungsten-containing concentrates; to optimize the technological scheme for the enrichment of technogenic raw materials from the OTO of the Dzhida VMK; to carry out semi-industrial tests of the developed scheme for extracting W from stale tailings of the FESCO.

Research methods: spectral, optical, optical-geometric, chemical, mineralogical, phase, gravitational and magnetic methods for analyzing the material composition and technological properties of the original mineral raw materials and enrichment products.

The reliability and validity of scientific provisions, conclusions are provided by a representative volume of laboratory research; confirmed by the satisfactory convergence of the calculated and experimentally obtained enrichment results, the correspondence of the results of laboratory and pilot tests.

NATIONAL LIBRARY I Spec glyle!

Scientific novelty:

1. It has been established that technogenic tungsten-containing raw materials of the Dzhida VMK in any size are effectively enriched by the gravitational method.

2. With the help of generalized curves of gravitational dressing, the limiting technological parameters for processing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK of various sizes by the gravitational method were determined and the conditions for obtaining dump tailings with minimal losses of tungsten were identified.

3. New patterns of separation processes have been established, which determine the gravitational washing of tungsten-containing technogenic raw materials with a particle size of +0.1 mm.

4. For the old tailings of the Dzhida VMK, a reliable and significant correlation was found between the contents of WO3 and S(II).

Practical significance: a technology for the enrichment of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK has been developed, which ensures the effective extraction of tungsten, which makes it possible to obtain a conditioned tungsten concentrate.

Approbation of the work: the main content of the dissertation work and its individual provisions were reported at the annual scientific and technical conferences of the Irkutsk State Technical University (Irkutsk, 2001-2004), the All-Russian School-Seminar for Young Scientists "Leon Readings - 2004" (Irkutsk , 2004), scientific symposium "Miner's Week - 2001" (Moscow, 2001), All-Russian scientific and practical conference "New technologies in metallurgy, chemistry, enrichment and ecology" (St. Petersburg, 2004 .), Plaksinsky Readings - 2004. In full, the dissertation work was presented at the Department of Mineral Processing and Engineering Ecology at ISTU, 2004 and at the Department of Mineral Processing, SPGGI (TU), 2004.

Publications. On the topic of the dissertation, 8 printed publications have been published.

Structure and scope of work. The dissertation work consists of an introduction, 3 chapters, conclusion, 104 bibliographic sources and contains 139 pages, including 14 figures, 27 tables and 3 appendices.

The author expresses his deep gratitude to the scientific adviser, Doctor of Technical Sciences, prof. K.V. Fedotov for professional and friendly guidance; prof. IS HE. Belkova for valuable advice and useful critical remarks made during the discussion of the dissertation work; G.A. Badenikova - for consulting on the calculation of the technological scheme. The author sincerely thanks the staff of the department for the comprehensive assistance and support provided in the preparation of the dissertation.

The objective prerequisites for the involvement of technogenic formations in the production turnover are:

The inevitability of preserving the natural resource potential. It is ensured by a reduction in the extraction of primary mineral resources and a decrease in the amount of damage caused to the environment;

The need to replace primary resources with secondary ones. Due to the needs of production in material and raw materials, including those industries whose natural resource base is practically exhausted;

The possibility of using industrial waste is ensured by the introduction of scientific and technological progress.

Ore beneficiation waste storage facilities are objects of increased environmental hazard due to their negative impact on the air basin, underground and surface waters, and soil cover over vast areas.

Pollution payments are a form of compensation for economic damage from emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, as well as for waste disposal on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The Dzhida ore field belongs to the high-temperature deep hydrothermal quartz-wolframite (or quartz-hubnerite) type of deposits, which play a major role in the extraction of tungsten. The main ore mineral is wolframite, whose composition ranges from ferberite to pobnerite with all intermediate members of the series. Scheelite is a less common tungstate.

Ores with wolframite are enriched mainly according to the gravity scheme; usually gravitational methods of wet enrichment are used on jigging machines, hydrocyclones and concentration tables. Magnetic separation is used to obtain conditioned concentrates.

Until 1976, ores at the Dzhida VMK plant were processed according to a two-stage gravity scheme, including heavy-medium enrichment in hydrocyclones, a two-stage concentration of narrowly classified ore materials on three-deck tables of the SK-22 type, regrinding and enrichment of industrial products in a separate cycle. The sludge was enriched according to a separate gravity scheme using domestic and foreign concentration sludge tables.

From 1974 to 1996 tailings of enrichment of only tungsten ores were stored. In 1985-86, ores were processed according to the gravity-flotation technological scheme. Therefore, the tailings of gravity enrichment and the sulphide product of flotation gravity were dumped into the main tailing dump. Since the mid-1980s, due to the increased flow of ore supplied from the Inkursky mine, the proportion of waste from large

classes, up to 1-3 mm. After the shutdown of the Dzhida Mining and Processing Plant in 1996, the settling pond self-destructed due to evaporation and filtration.

In 2000, the “Emergency Discharge Tailing Facility” (HAS) was singled out as an independent object due to its rather significant difference from the main tailing facility in terms of occurrence conditions, the scale of reserves, the quality and degree of preservation of technogenic sands. Another secondary tailing is alluvial technogenic deposits (ATO), which include redeposited flotation tailings of molybdenum ores in the area of the river valley. Modonkul.

The basic standards for payment for waste disposal within the established limits for the Dzhida VMK are 90,620,000 rubles. The annual environmental damage from land degradation due to the placement of stale ore tailings is estimated at 20,990,200 rubles.

Thus, the involvement in the processing of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK ore enrichment will allow: 1) to solve the problem of the enterprise's raw material base; 2) to increase the output of the demanded "-concentrate" and 3) to improve the ecological situation in the Trans-Baikal region.

The material composition and technological properties of the technogenic mineral formation of the Dzhida VMK

Geological testing of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK was carried out. When examining a side tailing dump (Emergency Discharge Tailing Facility (HAS)) 13 samples were taken. 5 samples were taken on the area of the ATO deposit. The area of sampling of the main tailing dump (MTF) was 1015 thousand m2 (101.5 ha), 385 partial samples were taken. The mass of the samples taken is 5 tons. All the samples taken were analyzed for the content of "03 and 8 (I).

OTO, CHAT and ATO were statistically compared in terms of the content of "03" using Student's t-test. With a confidence probability of 95%, it was established: 1) the absence of a significant statistical difference in the content of "03" between private samples of side tailings; 2) the average results of testing of the OTO in terms of the content of "03" in 1999 and 2000 refer to the same general population; 3) the average results of testing the main and secondary tailings in terms of the content of "03" significantly differ from each other and the mineral raw materials of all tailings cannot be processed according to the same technology.

The subject of our study is general relativity.

The material composition of the mineral raw materials of the OTO of the Dzhida VMK was established according to the analysis of ordinary and group technological samples, as well as the products of their processing. Random samples were analyzed for the content of "03 and 8(11). Group samples were used for mineralogical, chemical, phase and sieve analyses.

According to the spectral semi-quantitative analysis of a representative analytical sample, the main useful component - " and secondary - Pb, /u, Cu, Au and Content "03 in the form of scheelite

quite stable in all size classes of various sand differences and averages 0.042-0.044%. The content of WO3 in the form of hübnerite is not the same in different size classes. High contents of WO3 in the form of hübnerite are noted in particles of size +1 mm (from 0.067 to 0.145%) and especially in the -0.08+0 mm class (from 0.210 to 0.273%). This feature is typical for light and dark sands and is retained for the averaged sample.

The results of spectral, chemical, mineralogical and phase analyzes confirm that the properties of hubnerite, as the main mineral form \UO3, will determine the technology of enrichment of mineral raw materials by OTO Dzhida VMK.

The granulometric characteristics of raw materials OTO with the distribution of tungsten by size classes is shown in fig. 1.2.

It can be seen that the bulk of the OTO sample material (~58%) has a fineness of -1 + 0.25 mm, 17% each fall into large (-3 + 1 mm) and small (-0.25 + 0.1 mm) classes . The proportion of material with a particle size of -0.1 mm is about 8%, of which half (4.13%) falls on the sludge class -0.044 + 0 mm.

Tungsten is characterized by a slight fluctuation (0.04-0.05%) in the content in size classes from -3 +1 mm to -0.25 + 0.1 mm and a sharp increase (up to 0.38%) in the size class -0 .1+0.044 mm. In the slime class -0.044+0 mm, the tungsten content is reduced to 0.19%. That is, 25.28% of tungsten is concentrated in the -0.1 + 0.044 mm class with an output of this class of about 4% and 37.58% - in the -0.1 + 0 mm class with an output of this class of 8.37%.

As a result of the analysis of data on the impregnation of hubnerite and scheelite in the mineral raw materials OTO of the initial size and crushed to - 0.5 mm (see Table 1).

Table 1 - Distribution of grains and intergrowths of pobnerite and scheelite by size classes of the initial and crushed mineral raw materials _

Size classes, mm Distribution, %

Huebnerite Scheelite

Free grains | Splices grains | Splices

OTO material in original size (- 5 +0 mm)

3+1 36,1 63,9 37,2 62,8

1+0,5 53,6 46,4 56,8 43,2

0,5+0,25 79,2 20,8 79,2 20,8

0,25+0,125 88,1 11,9 90,1 9,9

0,125+0,063 93,6 6,4 93,0 7,0

0,063+0 96,0 4,0 97,0 3,0

Amount 62.8 37.2 64.5 35.5

OTO material ground to - 0.5 +0 mm

0,5+0,25 71,5 28,5 67,1 32,9

0,25+0,125 75,3 24,7 77,9 22,1

0,125+0,063 89,8 10,2 86,1 13,9

0,063+0 90,4 9,6 99,3 6,7

Amount 80.1 19.9 78.5 21.5

It is concluded that it is necessary to classify deslimed mineral raw materials OTO by size of 0.1 mm and separate enrichment of the resulting classes. From the large class, it follows: 1) to separate free grains into a rough concentrate, 2) to subject the tailings containing intergrowths to regrinding, desliming, combining with the deslimed class -0.1 + 0 mm of the original mineral raw materials and gravity enrichment to extract fine grains of scheelite and pobnerite into a middling.

To assess the contrast of mineral raw materials OTO, a technological sample was used, which is a set of 385 individual samples. The results of fractionation of individual samples according to the content of WO3 and sulfide sulfur are shown in Fig.3,4.

0 S OS 0.2 "l M ol O 2 SS * _ " 8

S(kk|Jupytetr"oknsmm"fr**m.% Contain gulfkshoYa

Rice. Fig. 3 Conditional contrast curves of the initial Fig. 4 Conditional contrast curves of the initial

mineral raw materials OTO according to the content N / O) mineral raw materials OTO according to the content 8 (II)

It was found that the contrast ratios for the content of WO3 and S (II) are 0.44 and 0.48, respectively. Taking into account the classification of ores by contrast, the investigated mineral raw materials according to the content of WO3 and S (II) belong to the category of non-contrast ores. Radiometric enrichment is not

suitable for extracting tungsten from small-sized stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK.

The results of the correlation analysis, which revealed a mathematical relationship between the concentrations of \\O3 and S (II) (C3 = 0»0232+0.038C5(u) and r=0.827; the correlation is reliable and reliable), confirm the conclusions about the inexpediency of using radiometric separation.

The results of the analysis of the separation of OTO mineral grains in heavy liquids prepared on the basis of selenium bromide were used to calculate and plot gravity washability curves (Fig. 5), from the form of which, especially the curve, it follows that OTO of Dzhida VMK is suitable for any mineral gravitational enrichment method.

Taking into account the shortcomings in the use of gravitational enrichment curves, especially the curve for determining the metal content in the surfaced fractions with a given yield or recovery, generalized gravity enrichment curves were built (Fig. 6), the results of the analysis of which are given in Table. 2.

Table 2 - Forecast technological indicators of enrichment of different size classes of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK by the gravity method_

g Grade size, mm Maximum losses \Y with tailings, % Tailings yield, % XV content, %

in the tails in the end

3+1 0,0400 25 82,5 0,207 0,1

3+0,5 0,0400 25 84 0,19 0,18

3+0,25 0,0440 25 90 0,15 0,28

3+0,1 0,0416 25 84,5 0,07 0,175

3+0,044 0,0483 25 87 0,064 0,27

1+0,5 0,04 25 84,5 0,16 0,2

1+0,044 0,0500 25 87 0,038 0,29

0,5+0,25 0,05 25 92,5 0,04 0,45

0,5+0,044 0,0552 25 88 0,025 0,365

0,25+0,1 0,03 25 79 0,0108 0,1

0,25+0,044 0,0633 15 78 0,02 0,3

0,1+0,044 0,193 7 82,5 0,018 1,017

In terms of gravitational washability, classes -0.25+0.044 and -0.1+0.044 mm differ significantly from material of other sizes. The best technological indicators of gravitational enrichment of mineral raw materials are predicted for the size class -0.1+0.044 mm:

The results of electromagnetic fractionation of heavy fractions (HF), gravitational analysis using a universal Sochnev C-5 magnet and magnetic separation of HF showed that the total yield of strongly magnetic and non-magnetic fractions is 21.47% and the losses "in them are 4.5%. Minimum losses "with non-magnetic fraction and the maximum content" in the combined weakly magnetic product is predicted if the separation feed in a strong magnetic field has a particle size of -0.1 + 0 mm.

Rice. 5 Gravity washability curves for stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK

f) class -0.1+0.044 mm

Rice. 6 Generalized curves of gravitational washability of various size classes of mineral raw materials OTO

Development of a technological scheme for the enrichment of stale tailings of the Dzhida VM K

The results of technological testing of various methods of gravitational enrichment of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK are presented in Table. 3.

Table 3 - Results of testing gravity devices

Comparable technological indicators have been obtained for the extraction of WO3 into a rough concentrate during the enrichment of unclassified stale tailings both with screw separation and centrifugal separation. The minimum losses of WO3 with tailings were found during enrichment in a centrifugal concentrator of the -0.1+0 mm class.

In table. 4 shows the granulometric composition of the crude W-concentrate with a particle size of -0.1+0 mm.

Table 4 - Particle size distribution of crude W-concentrate

Size class, mm Yield of classes, % Content Distribution of AUOz

Absolute Relative, %

1+0,071 13,97 0,11 1,5345 2,046

0,071+0,044 33,64 0,13 4,332 5,831

0,044+0,020 29,26 2,14 62,6164 83,488

0,020+0 23,13 0,28 6,4764 8,635

Total 100.00 0.75 75.0005 100.0

In the concentrate, the main amount of WO3 is in the -0.044+0.020 mm class.

According to the data of mineralogical analysis, in comparison with the source material, the mass fraction of pobnerite (1.7%) and ore sulfide minerals, especially pyrite (16.33%), is higher in the concentrate. The content of rock-forming - 76.9%. The quality of the crude W-concentrate can be improved by successive application of magnetic and centrifugal separation.

The results of testing gravity apparatuses for extracting >UOz from the tailings of the primary gravitational enrichment of mineral raw materials OTO with a particle size of +0.1 mm (Table 5) proved that the most effective apparatus is the KKEL80N concentrator

Table 5 - Results of testing gravity apparatus

Product G,% ßwo>, % rßwo> st ">, %

screw separator

Concentrate 19.25 0.12 2.3345 29.55

Tailings 80.75 0.07 5.5656 70.45

Initial sample 100.00 0.079 7.9001 100.00

wing gateway

Concentrate 15.75 0.17 2.6750 33.90

Tailings 84.25 0.06 5.2880 66.10

Initial sample 100.00 0.08 7.9630 100.00

concentration table

Concentrate 23.73 0.15 3.56 44.50

Tailings 76.27 0.06 4.44 55.50

Initial sample 100.00 0.08 8.00 100.00

centrifugal concentrator KC-MD3

Concentrate 39.25 0.175 6.885 85.00

Tailings 60.75 0.020 1.215 15.00

Initial sample 100.00 0.081 8.100 100.00

When optimizing the technological scheme for the enrichment of mineral raw materials by the OTO of the Dzhida VMK, the following were taken into account: 1) technological schemes for the processing of finely disseminated wolframite ores of domestic and foreign enrichment plants; 2) technical characteristics of the modern equipment used and its dimensions; 3) the possibility of using the same equipment for the simultaneous implementation of two operations, for example, the separation of minerals by size and dehydration; 4) economic costs for hardware design of the technological scheme; 5) the results presented in Chapter 2; 6) GOST requirements for the quality of tungsten concentrates.

During semi-industrial testing of the developed technology (Fig. 7-8 and Table 6), 15 tons of initial mineral raw materials were processed in 24 hours.

The results of a spectral analysis of a representative sample of the obtained concentrate confirm that the W-concentrate of the III magnetic separation is conditioned and corresponds to the grade KVG (T) GOST 213-73.

Fig.8 The results of technological testing of the scheme for finishing rough concentrates and middlings from stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK

Table 6 - Results of testing the technological scheme

Product u

Conditioning concentrate 0.14 62.700 8.778 49.875

Dump tailings 99.86 0.088 8.822 50.125

Source ore 100.00 0.176 17.600 100.000

CONCLUSION

The paper gives a solution to an urgent scientific and production problem: scientifically substantiated, developed and, to a certain extent, implemented effective technological methods for extracting tungsten from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK ore concentration.

The main results of the research, development and their practical implementation are as follows

The main useful component is tungsten, according to the content of which stale tailings are a non-contrast ore, it is represented mainly by hubnerite, which determines the technological properties of technogenic raw materials. Tungsten is unevenly distributed over size classes and its main amount is concentrated in size

It has been proved that the only effective method of enrichment of W-containing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK is gravity. Based on the analysis of the generalized curves of the gravitational concentration of stale W-containing tailings, it has been established that dump tailings with minimal losses of tungsten are a hallmark of the enrichment of technogenic raw materials with a particle size of -0.1 + Omm. New patterns of separation processes have been established, which determine the technological parameters of gravity enrichment of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK with a fineness of +0.1 mm.

It has been proved that among the gravity apparatuses used in the mining industry in the enrichment of W-containing ores, for the maximum extraction of tungsten from technogenic raw materials of the Dzhida VMK into rough W-concentrates, a screw separator and a KKEb80N tailings of primary enrichment of technogenic W-containing raw materials in size - 0.1 mm.

3. The optimized technological scheme for the extraction of tungsten from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK ore concentration made it possible to obtain a conditioned W-concentrate, solve the problem of depletion of the mineral resources of the Dzhida VMK and reduce the negative impact of the enterprise's production activities on the environment.

Preferred use of gravity equipment. During semi-industrial tests of the developed technology for extracting tungsten from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK, a conditioned "-concentrate with a content of" 03 62.7% was obtained with an extraction of 49.9%. The payback period for the enrichment plant for processing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK for the purpose of extracting tungsten was 0.55 years.

The main provisions of the dissertation work are published in the following works:

1. Fedotov K.V., Artemova O.S., Polinskina I.V. Assessment of the possibility of processing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK, Ore dressing: Sat. scientific works. - Irkutsk: Publishing house of ISTU, 2002. - 204 p., S. 74-78.

2. Fedotov K.V., Senchenko A.E., Artemova O.S., Polinkina I.V. The use of a centrifugal separator with continuous discharge of concentrate for the extraction of tungsten and gold from the tailings of the Dzhida VMK, Environmental problems and new technologies for the complex processing of mineral raw materials: Proceedings of the International Conference "Plaksinsky Readings - 2002". - M.: P99, Publishing House of the PCC "Altex", 2002 - 130 p., P. 96-97.

3. Zelinskaya E.V., Artemova O.S. The possibility of adjusting the selectivity of the action of the collector during the flotation of tungsten-containing ores from stale tailings, Directed changes in the physico-chemical properties of minerals in the processes of mineral processing (Plaksin Readings), materials of the international meeting. - M.: Alteks, 2003. -145 s, p.67-68.

4. Fedotov K.V., Artemova O.S. Problems of processing stale tungsten-containing products Modern methods of processing mineral raw materials: Conference materials. Irkutsk: Irk. State. Those. University, 2004 - 86 p.

5. Artemova O. S., Gaiduk A. A. Extraction of tungsten from stale tailings of the Dzhida tungsten-molybdenum plant. Prospects for the development of technology, ecology and automation of chemical, food and metallurgical industries: Proceedings of the scientific and practical conference. - Irkutsk: Publishing house of ISTU. - 2004 - 100 p.

6. Artemova O.S. Assessment of the uneven distribution of tungsten in the Dzhida tailing. Modern methods for assessing the technological properties of mineral raw materials of precious metals and diamonds and progressive technologies for their processing (Plaksin readings): Proceedings of the international meeting. Irkutsk, September 13-17, 2004 - M.: Alteks, 2004. - 232 p.

7. Artemova O.S., Fedotov K.V., Belkova O.N. Prospects for the use of the technogenic deposit of the Dzhida VMK. All-Russian scientific and practical conference "New technologies in metallurgy, chemistry, enrichment and ecology", St. Petersburg, 2004

Signed for printing 12. H 2004. Format 60x84 1/16. Printing paper. Offset printing. Conv. oven l. Uch.-ed.l. 125. Circulation 400 copies. Law 460.

ID No. 06506 dated December 26, 2001 Irkutsk State Technical University 664074, Irkutsk, st. Lermontova, 83

RNB Russian Fund

1. SIGNIFICANCE OF MAN-MADE MINERAL RAW MATERIALS

1.1. Mineral resources of the ore industry in the Russian Federation and the tungsten sub-industry

1.2. Technogenic mineral formations. Classification. The need to use

1.3. Technogenic mineral formation of the Dzhida VMK

1.4. Goals and objectives of the study. Research methods. Provisions for defense

2. INVESTIGATION OF THE MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OLD TAILINGS OF THE DZHIDA VMK

2.1. Geological sampling and evaluation of tungsten distribution

2.2. The material composition of mineral raw materials

2.3. Technological properties of mineral raw materials

2.3.1. Grading

2.3.2. Study of the possibility of radiometric separation of mineral raw materials in the initial size

2.3.3. Gravity Analysis

2.3.4. Magnetic analysis

3. DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME FOR THE EXTRACTION OF TUNGSTEN FROM THE OLD TAILINGS OF THE DZHIDA VMK

3.1. Technological testing of different gravity devices during the enrichment of stale tailings of various sizes

3.2. Optimization of the GR processing scheme

3.3. Semi-industrial testing of the developed technological scheme for the enrichment of general relativity and industrial plant

Introduction Dissertation in earth sciences, on the topic "Development of technology for extracting tungsten from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK"

In addition, due to the departmental affiliation of mining and processing enterprises, complex raw materials were processed only taking into account the necessary needs of the industry for a particular metal, which led to the irrational use of natural mineral resources and an increase in the cost of waste storage. Currently, more than 12 billion tons of waste have been accumulated, the content of valuable components in which in some cases exceeds their content in natural deposits.

Waste storage facilities for ore processing are objects of increased environmental hazard due to their negative impact on the air basin, underground and surface waters, and soil cover over vast areas. Along with this, tailings are poorly explored man-made deposits, the use of which will make it possible to obtain additional sources of ore and mineral raw materials with a significant reduction in the scale of disturbance of the geological environment in the region.

The issues of using wastes from the enrichment of polymetallic, gold-bearing and rare metals have both economic and environmental aspects.

V.A. Chanturia, V.Z. Kozin, V.M. Avdokhin, S.B. Leonov, JI.A. Barsky, A.A. Abramov, V.I. Karmazin, S.I. Mitrofanov and others.

In the field of using ore processing waste, the most important is a detailed mineralogical and technological study of each specific, individual technogenic deposit, the results of which will allow the development of an effective and environmentally friendly technology for the industrial development of an additional source of ore and mineral raw materials.

The purpose of the work is to scientifically substantiate, develop and test rational technological methods for the enrichment of stale tungsten-containing tailings of the Dzhida VMK.

The following tasks were solved in the work:

Assess the distribution of tungsten throughout the space of the main technogenic formation of the Dzhida VMK;

To study the material composition of the stale tailings of the Dzhizhinsky VMK;

Investigate the contrast of stale tailings in the original size by the content of W and S (II); to investigate the gravitational washability of the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK in various sizes;

Determine the feasibility of using magnetic enrichment to improve the quality of crude tungsten-containing concentrates;

Optimize the technological scheme for the enrichment of technogenic raw materials from the OTO of the Dzhida VMK; to conduct semi-industrial tests of the developed scheme for extracting W from stale tailings of the FESCO;

To develop a scheme of a chain of apparatus for the industrial processing of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK.

A representative technological sample of stale tailings from the Dzhida VMK was used to perform the research.

When solving the formulated problems, the following research methods were used: spectral, optical, chemical, mineralogical, phase, gravitational and magnetic methods for analyzing the material composition and technological properties of the initial mineral raw materials and enrichment products.

The following main scientific provisions are submitted for defense: Regularities of distribution of the initial technogenic mineral raw materials and tungsten by size classes are established. The necessity of primary (preliminary) classification by size 3 mm is proved.

Quantitative patterns of gravitational concentration of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK have been established. It has been proven that for the source material of any size, an effective method for extracting W is gravity enrichment. The predictive technological indicators of gravitational enrichment of the initial mineral raw materials in various sizes are determined.

Conclusion Dissertation on the topic "Enrichment of minerals", Artemova, Olesya Stanislavovna

The main results of the research, development and their practical implementation are as follows:

1. An analysis of the current situation in the Russian Federation with the mineral resources of the ore industry, in particular, the tungsten industry, was carried out. On the example of the Dzhida VMK, it is shown that the problem of involving in the processing of stale ore tailings is relevant, having technological, economic and environmental significance.

2. The material composition and technological properties of the main W-bearing technogenic formation of the Dzhida VMK have been established.

It has been proved that the only effective method of enrichment of W-containing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK is gravity. Based on the analysis of the generalized curves of the gravitational concentration of stale W-containing tailings, it has been established that dump tailings with minimal losses of tungsten are a hallmark of the enrichment of technogenic raw materials with a particle size of -0.1 + 0 mm. New patterns of separation processes have been established that determine the technological parameters of gravity enrichment of stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK with a fineness of +0.1 mm.

It has been proved that among the gravity devices used in the mining industry in the enrichment of W-containing ores, a screw separator and a KNELSON centrifugal concentrator are suitable for maximum extraction of tungsten from technogenic raw materials of the Dzhida VMK into rough W-concentrates. The effectiveness of the use of the KNELSON concentrator has also been confirmed for the additional extraction of tungsten from the tailings of the primary enrichment of technogenic W-containing raw materials with a particle size of 0.1 mm.

3. The optimized technological scheme for the extraction of tungsten from stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK ore enrichment made it possible to obtain a conditioned W-concentrate, solve the problem of depletion of mineral resources of the Dzhida VMK and reduce the negative impact of the enterprise's production activities on the environment.

The essential features of the developed technology for extracting tungsten from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK are:

Narrow classification by feed size of primary processing operations;

Preferred use of gravity equipment.

During semi-industrial testing of the developed technology for extracting tungsten from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK, a conditioned W-concentrate with a WO3 content of 62.7% was obtained with an extraction of 49.9%. The payback period for the enrichment plant for processing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK for the purpose of extracting tungsten was 0.55 years.

Bibliography Dissertation on earth sciences, candidate of technical sciences, Artemova, Olesya Stanislavovna, Irkutsk

1. Technical and economic assessment of technogenic deposits of non-ferrous metals: Review / V.V. Olenin, L.B. Ershov, I.V. Belyakova. M., 1990 - 64 p.

2. Mining sciences. Development and conservation of the Earth's interior / RAS, AGN, RANS, MIA; Ed. K.N. Trubetskoy. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Mining Sciences, 1997. -478 p.

3. Novikov A.A., Sazonov G.T. The state and prospects for the development of the ore and raw material base of the non-ferrous metallurgy of the Russian Federation, Mining Journal 2000 - No. 8, pp. 92-95.

4. Karelov S.V., Vyvarets A.D., Distergeft JI.B., Mamyachenkov S.V., Khilai V.V., Naboychenko E.S. Evaluation of the environmental and economic efficiency of processing secondary raw materials and industrial waste, Izvestiya VUZov, Mining Journal 2002 - No. 4, pp. 94-104.

5. Mineral resources of Russia. Economics and management Modular concentrating plants, Special issue, September 2003 - HTJI TOMS ISTU.

6. Beresnevich P.V. and other Environmental protection during the operation of tailings. M.: Nedra, 1993. - 127 p.

7. Dudkin O.B., Polyakov K.I. The problem of technogenic deposits, Ore enrichment, 1999 - No. 11, S. 24-27.

8. Deryagin A.A., Kotova V.M., Nikolsky A.JI. Evaluation of the prospects for involvement in the operation of man-made deposits, Mine surveying and subsoil use 2001 - No. 1, pp. 15-19.

9. Chuyanov G.G. Tailings of enrichment plants, Izvestia VUZ, Mining Journal 2001 - No. 4-5, pp. 190-195.

10. Voronin D.V., Gavelya E.A., Karpov S.V. Study and processing of technogenic deposits, Enrichment of ores - 2000 No. 5, S. 16-20.

11. Smoldyrev A.E. Opportunities for mining tailings, Mining Journal - 2002, No. 7, pp. 54-56.

12. Kvitka V.V., Kumakova L.B., Yakovleva E.P. Processing of stale tailings of processing plants in East Kazakhstan, Mining Journal - 2001 - No. 9, pp. 57-61.

13. Khasanova G.G. Cadastral valuation of technogenic-mineral objects of the Middle Urals Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions, Mining Journal - 2003 - No. 4, S. 130136.

14. Tumanova E.S., Tumanov P.P. Mineral raw materials. Technogenic raw materials // Handbook. M.: CJSC "Geoinformmark", 1998. - 44 p.

15. Popov V.V. Mineral resource base of Russia. State and problems, Mining magazine 1995 - No. 11, pp. 31-34.

16. Uzdebaeva L.K. Stale tailings - an additional source of metals, Non-ferrous metals 1999 - No. 4, pp. 30-32.

17. Fishman M.A., Sobolev D.S. The practice of beneficiation of non-ferrous and rare metal ores, vol. 1-2. -M.: Metallurgizdat, 1957 1960.

18. Fishman M.A., Sobolev D.S. The practice of beneficiation of ores of non-ferrous and rare metals, vol. 3-4. Moscow: Gosgortekhizdat, 1963.

19. Leonov S.B., Belkova O.N. The study of minerals for washability: Textbook. - M.: "Intermet Engineering", 2001. - 631s.

20. Trubetskoy K.N., Umanets V.N., Nikitin M.B. Classification of technogenic deposits, main categories and concepts, Mining Journal - 1990 - No. 1, pp. 6-9.

21. Instructions for the application of the Classification of reserves to deposits of tungsten ores. M., 1984 - 40 p.

22. Betekhtin A.G., Golikov A.S., Dybkov V.F. et al. Course of mineral deposits Izd. 3rd revision and add./Under. Ed. P.M. Tatarinov and A.G. Betekhtina-M.: Nedra, 1964.

23. Khabirov V.V., Vorobyov A.E. Theoretical foundations for the development of mining and processing industries in Kyrgyzstan / Ed. acad. N.P. Laverov. M.: Nedra, 1993. - 316 p.

24. Izoitko V.M. Technological mineralogy of tungsten ores. - L.: Nauka, 1989.-232 p.

25. Izoitko V.M., Boyarinov E.V., Shanaurin V.E. Features of the mineralogical and technological evaluation of ores at the enterprises of the tungsten-molybdenum industry. M. TSNIITSVETMET and inform., 1985.

26. Minelogical Encyclopedia / Ed. C. Freya: Per. from English. - Ld: Nedra, 1985.-512 p.

27. Mineralogical study of ores of non-ferrous and rare metals / Ed. A.F. Lee. Ed. 2nd. M.: Nedra, 1967. - 260 p.

28. Ramder Paul Ore minerals and their intergrowths. M.: IL, 1962.

29. Kogan B.I. rare metals. Status and prospects. M.: Nauka, 1979. - 355 p.

30. Kochurova R.N. Geometric methods of quantitative mineralogical analysis of rocks. - Ld: Leningrad State University, 1957.-67 p.

31. Methodological bases for the study of the chemical composition of rocks, ores and minerals. Ed. G.V. Ostroumova. M.: Nedra, 1979. - 400 p.

32. Methods of mineralogical research: Handbook / Ed. A.I. Ginzburg. M.: Nedra, 1985. - 480 p.

33. Kopchenova E.V. Mineralogical analysis of concentrates and ore concentrates. Moscow: Nedra, 1979.

34. Determination of mineral forms of tungsten in primary ores and ores of the weathering crust of hydrothermal quartz stockworks. Instruction NSAM No. 207-F-M .: VIMS, 1984.

35. Methodical mineralogical studies. M.: Nauka, 1977. - 162 p. (AN SSSRIMGRE).

36. Panov E.G., Chukov A.V., Koltsov A.A. Assessment of the quality of raw materials for the recycling of mining and processing waste. Exploration and protection of mineral resources, 1990 No. 4.

37. Materials of the Republican Analytical Center PGO "Buryatgeologia" on the study of the material composition of the ores of the Kholtoson and Inkur deposits and technogenic products of the Dzhida plant. Ulan-Ude, 1996.

38. Giredmet's report "Study of the material composition and washability of two samples of stale tailings of the Dzhida Mining and Processing Plant". Authors Chistov L.B., Okhrimenko V.E. M., 1996.

39. Zelikman A.N., Nikitin JI.C. Tungsten. M.: Metallurgy, 1978. - 272 p.

40. Fedotov K.V. Numerical determination of the components of the fluid flow velocity in centrifugal apparatuses, Ore dressing - 1998, No. 4, S. 34-39.

41. Shokhin V.I. Gravitational enrichment methods. M.: Nedra, 1980. - 400 p.

42. Fomenko T.G. Gravitational processes of mineral processing. M.: Nedra, 1966. - 330 p.

43. Voronov V.A. On one approach to controlling the disclosure of minerals in the grinding process, Ore enrichment, 2001 - No. 2, pp. 43-46.

44. Barsky JI.A., Kozin V.Z. System analysis in mineral processing. M.: Nedra, 1978. - 486 p.

45. Technological assessment of mineral raw materials. Research methods: Handbook / Ed. P.E. Ostapenko. M.: Nedra, 1990. - 264 p.

46. Sorokin M.M., Shepeta E.D., Kuvaeva I.V. Reducing losses of tungsten trioxide with sulfide waste products. Physical and technological problems of mineral development, 1988 No. 1, pp. 59-60.

47. Report of the Research and Development Center "Ekstekhmet" "Assessment of the washability of sulfide products of the Kholtoson deposit". Authors Korolev N.I., Krylova N.S. et al., M., 1996.

48. Dobromyslov Yu.P., Semenov M.I. and others. Development and implementation of technology for the integrated processing of waste products of the processing plants of the Dzhida Combine. Complex use of mineral raw materials, Alma-Ata, 1987 No. 8. pp. 24-27.

49. Nikiforov K.A., Zoltoev E.V. Obtaining artificial tungsten raw materials from low-grade pobnerite middlings of the processing plant. Complex use of mineral raw materials, 1986 No. 6, P. 62-65.

50. Methodology for determining the prevented environmental damage / State. Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection. M., 1999. - 71 p.

51. Rubinshtein Yu.B., Volkov JI.A. Mathematical methods in mineral processing. - M.: Nedra, 1987. 296 p.

52. Modern methods of mineralogical research / Ed. E.V. Rozhkov, v.1. M.: Nedra, 1969. - 280 p.

53. Modern methods of mineralogical research / Ed. E.V. Rozhkov, v.2. M.: Nedra, 1969. - 318 p.

54. Electron microscopy in mineralogy / Ed. G.R. Wreath. Per. from English. M.: Mir, 1979. - 541 p.

55. Feklichev V.G. Diagnostic spectra of minerals. - M.: Nedra, 1977. - 228 p.

56. Cameron Yu.N. Mining microscopy. M.: Mir, 1966. - 234 p.

57. Volynsky I.S. Determination of ore minerals under a microscope. - M.: Nedra, 1976.

58. Vyalsov JT.H. Optical methods of diagnostics of ore minerals. - M.: Nedra, 1976.-321 p.

59. Isaenko M.P., Borishanskaya S.S., Afanasiev E.L. Determinant of the main minerals of ores in reflected light. Moscow: Nedra, 1978.

60. Zevin L.S., Zavyalova L.L. Quantitative radiographic phase analysis. Moscow: Nedra, 1974.

61. Bolshakov A.Yu., Komlev V.N. Guidelines for assessing the concentration of ores by nuclear-physical methods. Apatity: KF AN USSR, 1974.-72 p.

62. Vasiliev E.K., Nakhmanson M.S. Qualitative x-ray phase analysis. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, SO, 1986. 199 p.

63. Fillipova N.A. Phase analysis of ores and products of their processing. - M.: Chemistry, 1975.-280 p.

64. Blokhin M.A. Methods of x-ray spectral studies. - M., Fizmatgiz, 1959. 386 p.

65. Technological assessment of mineral raw materials. Pilot Plants: Handbook / Ed. P.E. Ostapenko. M.: Nedra, 1991. - 288 p.

66. Bogdanovich A.V. Ways to improve the gravitational enrichment of fine-grained ores and sludge, Ore enrichment, 1995 - No. 1-2, S. 84-89.

67. Plotnikov R.I., Pshenichny G.A. Fluorescent X-ray radiometric analysis. - M., Atomizdat, 1973. - 264 p.

68. Mokrousov V. A., Lileev V. A. Radiometric enrichment of non-radioactive ores. M.: Nedra, 1978. - 191 p.

69. Mokrousov V.A. The study of particle size distribution and contrast of minerals to assess the possibility of enrichment: Guidelines / SIMS. M.: 1978. - 24 p.

70. Barsky L.A., Danilchenko L.M. Enrichment of mineral complexes. -M.: Nedra, 1977.-240 p.

71. Albov M.N. Testing of mineral deposits. - M.: Nedra, 1975.-232 p.

72. Mitrofanov S.I. Study of minerals for washability. - M.: Metallurgizdat, 1954.-495 p.

73. Mitrofanov S.I. Study of minerals for washability. - M.: Gosgortekhizdat, 1962. - 580 p.

74. Ural State Mining and Geological Academy, 2002, p. 6067.

75. Karmazin V.V., Karmazin V.I. Magnetic and electrical methods of enrichment. M.: Nedra, 1988. - 303 p.

76. Olofinsky N.F. Electrical methods of enrichment. 4th ed., revised. and additional M.: Nedra, 1977. - 519 p.

77. Mesenyashin A.I. Electrical separation in strong fields. Moscow: Nedra, 1978.

78. Polkin S.I. Enrichment of ores and placers of rare metals. M.: Nedra, 1967.-616 p.

79. Reference book on enrichment of ores. Special and auxiliary processes, washability tests, control and automation / Ed. O.S. Bogdanov. Moscow: Nedra, 1983 - 386 p.

80. Reference book on enrichment of ores. Basic processes./Ed. O.S. Bogdanov. M.: Nedra, 1983. - 381 p.

81. Reference book on enrichment of ores. In 3 volumes. Ch. ed. O.S. Bogdanov. T.Z. enrichment factories. Rep. Ed. Yu.F. Nenarokomov. M.: Nedra, 1974.- 408 p.

82. Mining magazine 1998 - No. 5, 97 p.

83. Potemkin A.A. The KNELSON CONSENTRATOR company is the world leader in the production of gravity centrifugal separators, Mining Journal - 1998, No. 5, pp. 77-84.

84. Bogdanovich A.V. Separation in a centrifugal field of particles suspended in a liquid under pseudostatic conditions, Enrichment of ores - 1992 No. 3-4, S. 14-17.

85. Stanoilovich R. New directions in the development of gravitational concentration, Enrichment of ores 1992 - No. 1, S. 3-5.

86. Podkosov L.G. About the theory of gravitational enrichment, Non-ferrous metals - 1986 - №7, pp. 43-46.

87. Bogdanovich A.V. Intensification of processes of gravitational enrichment in centrifugal fields, Enrichment of ores 1999 - No. 1-2, S. 33-36.

88. Polkin S.I., Enrichment of ores and placers of rare and noble metals. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Nedra, 1987. - 429 p.

89. Polkin S.I., Laptev S.F. Enrichment of tin ores and placers. - M.: Nedra, 1974.-477 p.

90. Abramov A.A. Technology of enrichment of non-ferrous metal ores. M.: Nedra, 1983.-359 p.

91. Karpenko N.V. Testing and quality control of enrichment products. - M.: Nedra, 1987.-214 p.

92. Andreeva G.S., Goryushkin S.A. processing and enrichment of minerals of alluvial deposits. M.: Nedra, 1992. - 410 p.

93. Enbaev I.A. Modular centrifugal plants for the concentration of precious and precious metals from alluvial and technogenic deposits, Ore dressing 1997 - No. 3, P.6-8.

94. Chanturia V.A. Technology for processing ores and placers of precious metals, Non-ferrous metals, 1996 - No. 2, S. 7-9.

95. Kalinichenko V.E. "Installation for the additional extraction of metals from dump tailings of the current production, Non-ferrous metals, 1999 - No. 4, P. 33-35.

96. Berger G.S., Orel M.A., Popov E.L. Semi-industrial testing of ores for washability. M.: Nedra, 1984. - 230 p.

97. GOST 213-73 "Technical requirements (composition,%) for tungsten concentrates obtained from tungsten-containing ores"

99. Fedotov K.V., Artemova O.S., Polinskina I.V. Assessment of the possibility of processing stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK, Ore dressing: Sat. scientific works. Irkutsk: Izd-vo ISTU, 2002. - 204 p., S. 74-78.

100. Fedotov K.V., Artemova O.S. Problems of processing stale tungsten-containing products Modern methods of processing mineral raw materials: Conference materials. Irkutsk: Irk. State. Those. University, 2004 86 p.

101. Artemova O.S., Fedotov K.V., Belkova O.N. Prospects for the use of the technogenic deposit of the Dzhida VMK. All-Russian scientific and practical conference "New technologies in metallurgy, chemistry, enrichment and ecology", St. Petersburg, 2004

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http:// www. all best. en/

Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine

Navoi State Mining Institute

Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy

Department of Metallurgy

Explanatory note

for the final qualifying work

on the topic: "Selection, justification and calculation of technology for processing tungsten-molybdenum ore"

Graduate: K. Saifiddinov

Navoi-2014

Introduction
1. General information about the methods of enrichment of tungsten ores
2. Enrichment of molybdenum-tungsten ores
2. Technology section
2.1 Calculation of the crushing scheme with the choice of equipment
2.2 Calculation of the grinding scheme
2.3 Selection and calculation of SAG mills
List of used literature

Introduction

Minerals are the basis of the national economy, and there is not a single industry where minerals or products of their processing are not used.

Significant mineral reserves of many deposits of Uzbekistan make it possible to build large highly mechanized mining and processing and metallurgical enterprises that extract and process many hundreds of millions of tons of minerals with high technical and economic indicators.

The mining industry deals with solid minerals from which, with the current level of technology, it is advisable to extract metals or other mineral substances. The main conditions in the development of mineral deposits are to increase their extraction from the bowels and their integrated use. This is due to:

- significant material and labor costs in the exploration and industrial development of new deposits;

- the growing need of various sectors of the national economy in almost all mineral components that make up the ore;

- the need to create waste-free technology and thereby prevent environmental pollution by production waste.

For these reasons, the possibility of industrial use of a deposit is determined not only by the value and content of the mineral, its reserves, geographical location, mining and transportation conditions, other economic and political factors, but also by the availability of an effective technology for processing mined ores.

1. General information about the methods of enrichment of tungsten ores

Tungsten ores are enriched, as a rule, in two stages - primary gravity concentration and finishing of rough concentrates by various methods, which is explained by the low content of tungsten in processed ores (0.2 - 0.8% WO3) and high quality requirements for conditioned concentrates (55 - 65% WO3), the overall enrichment is about 300 - 600.

Wolframite (hubnerite and ferberite) primary ores and placers usually contain a number of other heavy minerals, therefore, during the primary gravitational enrichment of ores, they tend to isolate collective concentrates that can contain from 5 to 20% WO3, as well as cassiterite, tantalite-columbite, magnetite, sulfides, etc. When finishing collective concentrates, it is necessary to obtain conditioned monomineral concentrates, for which flotation or flotation of sulfides, magnetic separation of magnetite in a weak magnetic field, and in a stronger one - wolframite can be used. It is possible to use electrical separation, gravity enrichment on tables, flotation of waste rock minerals and other processes for the separation of minerals, so that the finished concentrates meet the requirements of GOSTs and technical specifications not only in terms of the content of the base metal, but also in terms of the content of harmful impurities.

Taking into account the high density of tungsten minerals (6 - 7.5 g / cm 3), gravitational enrichment methods can be successfully used during enrichment on jigging machines, concentration tables, locks, jet and screw separators, etc. With fine dissemination of valuable minerals, flotation or a combination of gravity processes with flotation. Taking into account the possibility of wolframite sludge during gravitational enrichment, flotation is used as an auxiliary process even in the enrichment of coarsely disseminated wolframite ores for a more complete extraction of tungsten from slimes.

If there are large tungsten-rich pieces of tungsten or large pieces of waste rock in the ore, sorting of ore with a particle size of 150 + 50 mm on belt conveyors can be used to separate rich lumpy concentrate or pieces of rock that impoverish the ore supplied for enrichment.

When enriching scheelite ores, gravity is also used, but most often a combination of gravity methods with flotation and flotation gravity, or only flotation.

When sorting scheelite ores, luminescent installations are used. Scheelite, when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, glows with a bright blue light, which allows you to separate pieces of scheelite or pieces of waste rock.

Scheelite is an easily floatable mineral characterized by a high sludge capacity. The extraction of scheelite significantly increases with flotation enrichment compared to gravity, therefore, in the enrichment of scheelite ores in the CIS countries, flotation has now been used at all factories.

During the flotation of tungsten ores, a number of difficult technological problems arise that require the right solution depending on the material composition and association of individual minerals. In the process of flotation of wolframite, hübnerite and ferberite, it is difficult to separate from them oxides and hydroxides of iron, tourmaline and other minerals containing level their flotation properties with tungsten minerals.

Scheelite flotation from ores with calcium-containing minerals (calcite, fluorite, apatite, etc.) is carried out by anionic fatty acid collectors, which ensure their good floatability with calcium cations of scheelite and other calcium-containing minerals. The separation of scheelite from calcium-containing minerals is possible only with the use of such regulators as liquid glass, sodium silicofluoride, soda, etc.

2. Enrichment of molybdenum-tungsten ores

On Tyrnyauzskaya Molybdenum-tungsten ores of the Tyrnyauz deposit are enriched at the plant, which are complex in terms of material composition not only of valuable minerals with very fine dissemination, but also of associated minerals of gangue. Ore minerals - scheelite (tenths of a percent), molybdenite (hundredths of a percent), powellite, partially ferrimolybdite, chalcopyrite, bismuthine, pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite. Non-metallic minerals - skarns (50-70%), hornfelses (21-48%), granite (1 - 12%), marble (0.4-2%), quartz, fluorite, calcite, apatite (3-10%) and etc.

In the upper part of the deposit, 50–60% molybdenum is represented by powellite and ferrimolybdite; in the lower part, their content decreases to 10–20%. Scheelite contains molybdenum as an isomorphic impurity. The part of molybdenite oxidized from the surface is covered with a film of powellite. Part of molybdenum grows very finely with molybdoscheelite.

More than 50% of oxidized molybdenum is associated with scheelite in the form of inclusions of powellite, a decomposition product of the Ca(W, Mo)O 4 solid solution. Similar forms of tungsten and molybdenum can only be isolated into a collective concentrate with subsequent separation by a hydrometallurgical method.

Since 1978, the ore preparation scheme has been completely reconstructed at the plant. Previously, ore after coarse crushing at the mine was transported to the plant in trolleys by aerial cable car. In the crushing department of the factory, the ore was crushed to - 12 mm, unloaded into bunkers and then crushed in one stage in ball mills operating in a closed cycle with double-helix classifiers, up to 60% of the class - 0.074 mm.

A new ore preparation technology was developed jointly by the Mekhanobr Institute and the plant and put into operation in August 1978.

The ore preparation scheme provides for coarse crushing of the initial ore up to -350 mm, screening according to the class of 74 mm, separate storage of each class in bunkers in order to more accurately control the supply of large and small classes of ore to the self-grinding mill.

Self-grinding of coarsely crushed ore (-350 mm) is carried out in mills of the "Cascade" type with a diameter of 7 m (MMS-70X X23) with additional grinding of coarse-grained fraction to 62% of the class -0.074 mm in mills MSHR-3600X5000, operating in a closed cycle with single-spiral classifiers 1KSN-3 and placed in a new building on a mountain slope at around 2000 m above sea level between the mine and the operating factory.

The supply of the finished product from the self-grinding body to flotation is carried out by hydraulic transport. The hydrotransport route is a unique engineering structure that ensures the transportation of slurry at a height difference of more than 600 m. It consists of two pipelines with a diameter of 630 mm, a length of 1750 m, equipped with stilling wells with a diameter of 1620 mm and a height of 5 m (126 wells for each pipeline).

The use of the hydraulic transport system made it possible to liquidate the freight ropeway workshop, the medium and fine crushing building, and the MShR-3200X2100 mills at the processing plant. In the main building of the factory, two main flotation sections, new departments for scheelite and molybdenum finishing, a liquid glass melting shop, and circulating water supply systems were built and put into operation. The thickening front of crude flotation concentrates and middlings has been significantly expanded due to the installation of thickeners with a diameter of 30 m, which makes it possible to reduce losses with thickening drains.

Newly commissioned facilities are equipped with modern process control systems and local automation systems. So, in the self-grinding building, an automated control system operates in the direct control mode based on M-6000 computers. In the main building, a system for centralized control of the material composition of the pulp was introduced using X-ray spectral analyzers KRF-17 and KRF-18 in combination with an M-6000 computer. An automated system for sampling and delivery of samples (by pneumatic mail) to the express laboratory was mastered, controlled by the KM-2101 computer complex and issuing analyzes to a teletype.

One of the most difficult processing stages - fine-tuning of rough scheelite concentrates according to the method of N. S. Petrov - is equipped with an automatic control and management system that can operate either in the "advisor" mode to the flotation operator, or in the direct process control mode, adjusting the suppressor flow (liquid glass), pulp level in cleaning operations and other process parameters.

The sulfide minerals flotation cycle is equipped with automatic control and dosing systems for the collector (butyl xanthate) and suppressor (sodium sulfide) in the copper-molybdenum flotation cycle. The systems operate using ion-selective electrodes as sensors.

In connection with the increase in production volume, the factory switched to the processing of new varieties of ores, which are distinguished by a lower content of some metals and a higher degree of their oxidation. This required the improvement of the reagent mode of flotation of sulfide-oxidized ores. In particular, a progressive technological solution was used in the sulfide cycle - a combination of two active and selective types of foam concentrates. As an active foaming agent, reagents containing terpene alcohols are used, and as a selective agent, a new LS reagent developed for the enrichment of multicomponent ores, and primarily Tyrnyauz ones.

In the flotation cycle of oxidized minerals, fatty acid collectors use intensifying additives of a modifier reagent based on low molecular weight carboxylic acids. To improve the flotation properties of the pulp of circulating middlings, regulation of their ionic composition has been introduced. The methods of chemical refinement of concentrates have found wider application.

From the self-grinding mill, the ore goes to screening. Class +4 mm is regrinded in a ball mill. The mill outlet and underscreen product (-4 mm) are classified I and II.

690 g/t of soda and 5 g/t of transformer oil are fed into the ball mill. The classifier drain enters the main molybdenum flotation, where 0.5 g/t of xanthate and 46 g/t of terpineol are fed. After cleaning flotation I and II, molybdenum concentrate (1.2–1.5% Mo) is subjected to steaming with liquid glass (12 g/t) at 50–70°C, cleaning flotation III and regrinding to 95–98% class --0.074 mm with the supply of 3 g/t sodium cyanide and 6 g/t liquid glass.

The finished molybdenum concentrate contains about 48% Mo, 0.1% Cu and 0.5% WO 3 with a Mo recovery of 50%. The tailings of the control flotations of III and IV cleaning operations are thickened and sent to copper-molybdenum flotation with the supply of 0.2 g/t of xanthate and 2 g/t of kerosene. The twice cleaned copper-molybdenum concentrate after steaming with sodium sulfide enters selective flotation, where a copper concentrate containing 8–10% Cu (with an extraction of about 45%), 0.2% My 0.8% Bi is released.

The tails of the control molybdenum flotation, containing up to 0 2% WO 3 , are sent to scheelite flotation, which is carried out according to a very branched and complex scheme. After mixing with liquid glass (350 g/t), the main scheelite flotation is carried out with sodium oleate (40 g/t). After the first cleaning flotation and thickening to 60% solid scheelite concentrate is steamed with liquid glass (1600 g/t) at 80--90 °C. Further, the concentrate is cleaned twice more and again goes to steaming at 90--95 ° C with liquid glass (280 g / t) and again cleaned three times.

2. Technology section

2.1 Calculation of the crushing scheme with the choice of equipment

The concentrating plant being designed is intended for processing molybdenum-containing tungsten ores.

Ore of medium size (f=12±14 units on the scale of Professor Protodyakonov) is characterized by a density of c = 2.7 t/m 3 , it enters the factory with a moisture content of 1.5%. Maximum piece d=1000 mm.

In terms of productivity, the processing plant belongs to the category of medium productivity (Table 4/2/), according to the international classification - to group C.

To the factory ore D max . =1000 mm is supplied from open pit mining.

1. Determine the productivity of the coarse crushing shop. We calculate the performance according to Razumov K.A. 1, pp. 39-40. The project adopted the delivery of ore 259 days a year, in 2 shifts of 7 hours, 5 days a week.

Ore hardness factor /2/

where: Q c. other - daily productivity of the crushing shop, t/day

Coefficient taking into account the uneven properties of raw materials /2/

where: Q h..c. dr - hourly productivity of the crushing shop, t/h

k n - coefficient taking into account the uneven properties of raw materials,

n days - the estimated number of working days in a year,

n cm - number of shifts per day,

t cm - shift duration,

k" - ore hardness accounting factor,

Calculation of the annual working time fund:

C \u003d (n days n cm t cm) \u003d 259 2 5 \u003d 2590 (3)

Utilization over time:

k in \u003d 2590/8760 \u003d 0.29 CU = 29%

2. Calculation of the crushing scheme. We carry out the calculation according to pages 68-78 2.

According to the assignment, the moisture content of the initial ore is 1.5%, i.e. e.

Calculation procedure:

1. Determine the degree of crushing

2. We accept the degree of crushing.

3. Determine the maximum product size after crushing:

4. Let's determine the width of the unloading slots of the crusher, taking, according to the typical characteristics, Z - coarsening of the crushed product relative to the size of the unloading slot.

5. Check the compliance of the selected crushing scheme with the manufactured equipment.

The requirements that crushers must satisfy are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

According to the width of the intake opening and the range of adjustment of the discharge gap, crushers of the brand ShchDP 12X15 are suitable.

Let's calculate the performance of the crusher according to the formula (109/2/):

Q cat. \u003d m 3 / h

Q fraction. = Q cat. · with n · k f · k cr. k ow. k c, m 3 / h (7)

where c n - bulk density of ore = 1.6 t / m 3,

Q cat. - passport crusher performance, m 3 / h

k f . , k ow. , k kr, k c - correction factors for hardness (crushability), bulk density, fineness and moisture content of the ore.

The value of the coefficients is found according to the table k f =1.6; k cr =1.05; k ow. =1%;

Q cat. \u003d S pr. / S n Q n \u003d 125 / 155 310? 250 m3/h

Let's find the actual performance of the crusher for the conditions defined by the project:

Q fraction. = 250 1.6 1.00 1.05 1 1 = 420 t/h

Based on the results of the calculation, we determine the number of crushers:

We accept for installation ShchDP 12 x 15 - 1 pc.

2.2 Calculation of the grinding scheme

The grinding scheme chosen in the project is a kind of VA Razumov K.A. page 86.

Calculation procedure:

1. Determine the hourly productivity of the grinding shop , which is actually the hourly productivity of the entire factory, since the grinding shop is the main ore preparation building:

where 343 is the number of working days in a year

24 - continuous working week 3 shifts of 8 hours (3х8=24 hours)

K in - coefficient of equipment utilization

K n - coefficient taking into account the uneven properties of raw materials

We accept: K in \u003d 0.9 K n \u003d 1.0

The warehouse of coarsely crushed ore provides a two-day supply of ore:

V= 48 127.89 / 2.7 = 2398.22

We accept initial data

Let's consider liquefaction in the drain and classification sands:

R 10 \u003d 3 R 11 \u003d 0.28

(R 13 taken from row 2 page 262 depending on the size of the plum)

in 1 -0.074 \u003d 10% - class content - 0.074 mm in crushed ore

in 10 -0.074 \u003d 80% - the content of the class is 0.074 mm in the classification drain.

We accept the optimal circulating load C opt = 200%.

Calculation procedure:

Grinding stages I and II are represented by a diagram of the BA type p. 86 fig. 23.

The calculation of scheme B is reduced to determining the weights of products 2 and 5 (product yields are found by the general formula r n \u003d Q n: Q 1)

Q 7 \u003d Q 1 C opt \u003d 134.9 2 \u003d 269.8 t / h;

Q 4 \u003d Q 5 \u003d Q 3 + Q 7 \u003d 404.7 t / h;

g 4 \u003d g 5 \u003d 300%;

g 3 \u003d g 6 \u003d 100%

We carry out the calculation according to Razumov K.A. 1 pp. 107-108.

1. Calculation of scheme A

Q 8 \u003d Q 10; Q 11 \u003d Q 12;

Q 9 \u003d Q 8 + Q 12 \u003d 134.88 + 89.26 \u003d 224.14 t / h

g 1 \u003d 100%; g 8 \u003d g 10 \u003d 99.987%;

g 11 \u003d g 12 \u003d Q 12: Q 1 \u003d 89.26: 134.88 \u003d 66.2%;

g 9 \u003d Q 9: Q 1 \u003d 224.14: 134.88 \u003d 166.17%

Technological scheme of the obogscheniyamolybdenum-tungsten ores.

Calculationonqualitative-quantitative scheme.

Initial data for the calculation of qualitative-quantitative schemess.

Extraction of tungsten into the final concentrate - e tungsten 17 = 68%

Extraction of tungsten in the collective concentrate - e tungsten 15 = 86%

Extraction of tungsten into molybdenum concentrate - e tungsten 21 = 4%

Extraction of molybdenum in the final concentrate - e Mo 21 = 77%

Recovery of molybdenum in the tailings of tungsten flotation - e Mo 18 = 98%

Recovery of molybdenum in the control flotation concentrate - e Mo 19 =18%

Extraction of molybdenum in the collective concentrate - e Mo 15 \u003d 104%

The output of the collective concentrate - g 15 = 36%

The output of tungsten concentrate - g 17 = 14%

The output of molybdenum concentrate - g 21 \u003d 15%

The output of the concentrate of the control flotation - g 19 = 28%

Determine the yield of enrichment products

G 18 = g 15 - G 17 =36-14=22%

G 22 = g 18 - G 21 =22-15=7%

G 14 = g 13 + g 19 + g 22 =100+28+7=135%

G 16 = g 14 - G 15 =135-36=99%

G 20 = g 16 - G 19 =99-28=71%

Determine the mass of enrichment products

Q 13 = 127.89t/h

Q 1 4 = Q 13 XG 14 = 127.89х1.35=172.6 t/h

Q 1 5 = Q 13 XG 15 = 127.89х0.36=46.0 t/h

Q 1 6 = Q 13 XG 16 = 127.89х0.99=126.6t/h

Q 1 7 = Q 13 XG 17 = 127.89х0.14=17.9 t/h

Q 1 8 = Q 13 XG 18 = 127.89х0.22=28.1 t/h

Q 1 9 = Q 13 XG 19 = 127.89х0.28=35.8 t/h

Q 20 = Q 13 XG 20 = 127.89х0.71=90.8 t/h

Q 21 = Q 13 XG 21 = 127.89х0.15=19.1 t/h

Q 22 = Q 13 XG 22 = 127.89х0.07=8.9 t/h

Determine the extraction of enrichment products

For tungsten

e tungsten 13 =100 %

e tungsten 18 = e tungsten 15 - e tungsten 17 =86-68=28 %

e tungsten 22 = e tungsten 18 - e tungsten 21 =28-14=14 %

e tungsten 14 = e tungsten 13 + e tungsten 22 + e tungsten 19 =100+14+10=124 %

e tungsten 16 = e tungsten 14 - e tungsten 15 =124-86=38%

e tungsten 20 = e tungsten 13 - e tungsten 17 + e tungsten 21 =100 - 68+4=28%

e tungsten 19 = e tungsten 16 - e tungsten 20 =38-28=10 %

for molybdenum

e Mo 13 =100%

e Mo 22 = e Mo 18 - e Mo 21 =98-77=11 %

e Mo 14 = e Mo 13 + e Mo 22 + e Mo 19 =100+11+18=129 %

e Mo 16 = e Mo 14 - e Mo 15 =129-94=35 %

e Mo 17 = e Mo 15 - e Mo 18 =104-98=6%

e Mo 20 = e Mo 13 - e Mo 17 + e Mo 21 =100 - 6+77=17%

e Mo 19 = e Mo 16 - e Mo 20 =35-17=18%

Determine the amount of metals in the product Oh enrichment

For tungsten

14 \u003d 124 x0.5 / 135 \u003d 0.46%

15 \u003d 86x0.5 / 36 \u003d 1.19%

16 \u003d 38 x0.5 / 99 \u003d 0.19%

17 \u003d 68 x0.5 / 14 \u003d 2.43%

18 \u003d 28 x0.5 / 22 \u003d 0.64%

19 \u003d 10 x0.5 / 28 \u003d 0.18%

20 \u003d 28 x0.5 / 71 \u003d 0.2%

21 \u003d 14 x0.5 / 15 \u003d 0.46%

22 \u003d 14 x0.5 / 7 \u003d 1%

For molybdenum

14 \u003d 129 x0.04 / 135 \u003d 0.04%

15 \u003d 94x0.04 / 36 \u003d 0.1%

16 \u003d 35 x0.04 / 99 \u003d 0.01%

17 \u003d 6 x0.04 / 14 \u003d 0.017%

18 \u003d 98 x0.04 / 22 \u003d 0.18%

19 \u003d 18 x0.04 / 28 \u003d 0.025%

20 \u003d 17 x0.04 / 71 \u003d 0.009%

21 \u003d 77 x0.04 / 15 \u003d 0.2%

22 \u003d 11 x0.04 / 7 \u003d 0.06%

Table 3. Table of the qualitative-quantitative enrichment scheme

operation number prod.		*Q, t/h*	*, %*	*copper* *, %*	*copper* *, %*	*zinc* *, %*	*zinc* *, %*

I	*Grinding Stage I*
	arrives
	crushed ore
	coming out
	crushed ore
II	*Classification*
	arrives
	Izmelbchennsth product IArt. grinding
	Izmelbchennsth product II st .grinding
	coming out
	drain
	sands
*III*	*Grinding I* I *stage*
	arrives
	Sands classification
	coming out
	crushedsth product
IV	*Collective* Wo 3 *-Mo* *flotation*
	arrives
	Drain classification

	TailsMo flotationand
	coming out
	concentrate
	tails
V	*Control flotation*
	arrives
	Tailcollective flotation
	coming out
	concentrate
	tails
VI	*Tungsten* *flotation*
	arrives
	Concentratecollective flotation
	coming out
	concentrate
	tails
	Mo *flotation*
	arrives
	Tails Wo 3 flotation
	coming out
	concentrate
	tails

Calculation of the water-slurry scheme .

The purpose of the calculation of the water-slurry scheme is: to provide optimal W:T ratios in the operations of the scheme; determination of the amount of water added in operations or, conversely, released from products during dehydration operations; determination of relations W:T in the products of the scheme; determination of the total water demand and specific water consumption per ton of processed ore.

To obtain high technological indicators of ore processing, each operation of the technological scheme must be carried out at optimal values of the L:T ratio. These values are established based on ore washability tests and operating practices of operating processing plants.

The relatively low specific water consumption per ton of processed ore is explained by the presence of an intra-factory water circulation at the plant being designed, since thickener overflows are fed into the grinding-classification cycle. Water consumption for flushing floors, washing devices and for other purposes is 10-15% of the total consumption.

Table 3. Table of the qualitative-quantitative enrichment scheme.

ope no.walkie-talkies prod.	Name of operations and products	*Q, t/h*	*, %*	R	W


I	*Grinding Stage I*
	arrives
	crushed ore			0 , 0 25
	coming out
	crushed ore
II	*Classification*
	arrives
	Izmelbchennsth product IArt. grinding
	Izmelbchennsth product II st .grinding
	coming out
	drain
	sands
*III*	*Grinding I* I *stage*
	arrives
	Sands classification
	coming out
	crushedsth product
IV	*Collective* Wo 3 *-Mo* *flotation*
	arrives
	Drain classification
	Control flotation concentrate
	Mo tails flotationand
	coming out
	concentrate
	Tails
V	*Control flotation*
	arrives
	Tailcollective flotation
	coming out
	concentrate
	Tails
VI	*Tungsten* *flotation*
	Enters
	Concentratecollective flotation
	coming out
	Concentrate
	Tails
	Mo *flotation*
	Enters
	Tails tungstenflotation
	coming out
	concentrate
	tails

Choice and calculation of crusher.

The choice of crusher type and size depends on the physical properties of the ore, the required crusher capacity, the size of the crushed product and the hardness of the ore.

Tungsten-molybdenum ore in terms of strength is an ore of medium strength.

The maximum size of a piece of ore entering the crushing operation is 1000 mm.

For crushing the ore coming from the mine, I accept a jaw crusher with a simple rocking of the jaw SHDP 12x15. *

Crusher performance, Q is equal to:

Q \u003d q * L * i, t / h,

where q - specific productivity of a jaw crusher per 1 cm 2 of the discharge slot area, t/(cm 2 * h);

L is the length of the unloading gap of the jaw crusher, cm;

i - width of the discharge slot, see /4/

According to the practice of the crushing department of the processing plant, the specific productivity of the jaw crusher is 0.13 t/cm 2 * hour.

Jaw crusher performance is determined by:

Q= 0.13*150*15.5 = 302.25 t/h.

The crusher accepted for installation provides the specified productivity for ore.

The maximum size of a piece in the crusher feed will be:

120 * 0.8 = 96 cm.

Selection and calculation of grate screen

A 95 cm (950 mm) grate is installed in front of the crusher.

The required screening area is determined by the formula:

where Q* - productivity, t/h;

a - coefficient equal to the width of the gap between the grate, mm. /5/ According to the layout conditions, the width of the grate screen is taken equal to 2.7 m, the length is 4.5 m.

The practice of the crushing department of the factory shows that the ore delivered from the quarry contains about 4.5% of pieces larger than 950 mm. Pieces of this size are delivered by a front loader to the ore yard, where they are crushed and again fed by a loader to the grate screen.

2.3 Selection and calculation of SAG mills

Recently, in the processing of gold-bearing ores in the world and domestic practice in the first stage of grinding, semi-autogenous grinding mills with subsequent cyanidation are becoming more common. In this case, the loss of gold with iron scrap and chips is excluded, the consumption of cyanide during cyanidation is reduced, and the sanitary conditions of work on quartz silicate ores are improved. Therefore, I accept a semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill for installation in the first stage of grinding.

1. We find the specific productivity for the newly formed class of the operating mill PSI, t / (m 3 * h):

where Q is the productivity of the operating mill, t/h;

- the content of the class -0.074 mm in the discharge of the mill,%;

- the content of the class -0.074 mm in the original product,%;

D - diameter of the operating mill, m;

L is the length of the operating mill, m.

2. We determine the specific productivity of the designed mill according to the newly formed class:

where q 1 is the specific productivity of a working mill for the same class;

K and - coefficient taking into account differences in the grindability of the ore designed for processing and processed ore (Ki=1);

K k - coefficient taking into account the difference in the size of the initial and final grinding products at the existing and projected factories (K k =1);

K D - coefficient taking into account the difference in the diameters of the drums of the designed and operating mills:

K D = ,

where D and D 1 respectively, the nominal diameters of the drums designed for installation and operating mills. (K D =1.1);

K t - coefficient taking into account differences in the type of designed and operating mills (Kt=1).

q \u003d 0.77 * 1 * 1 * 1.1 * 1 \u003d 0.85 t / (m 3 * h).

I accept for installation the self-grinding mill "Kaskad" with a diameter of 7 m and a length of 2.3 m with a working volume of 81.05 m 3

3. We determine the productivity of mills for ore according to the formula:

where V is the working volume of the mill. /4/

4. Determine the estimated number of mills:

n- 101/125.72 = 0.8;

then the accepted value will be equal to 1 . Mill "Kaskad" provides the specified performance.

Screen selection and calculation II screening stages .

Draining of semi-self-grinding mills by pumps...

What else to read

France in the second half of the 20th century Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10

France in the second half of the 20th century He was against the revival of the pre-war parliamentary republic. Was against the revival of the pre-war parliamentary...

World around winter help birds Municipal state educational institution secondary school No. 3 p. Gribanovsky LESSON ON ...

Extraction of weakly magnetic minerals on a high-intensity magnetic separator from ores of non-ferrous, rare-earth and noble metals on the example of JSC "Irgiredmet", Kovdorsky GOK. Technology of enrichment of wolframite ores Business plan of enrichment of tungsten ore

The material composition of mineral raw materials

Technological properties of mineral raw materials

Optimization of the GR processing scheme

Semi-industrial testing of the developed technological scheme for the enrichment of general relativity and industrial plant

Introduction Dissertation in earth sciences, on the topic "Development of technology for extracting tungsten from the stale tailings of the Dzhida VMK"

Conclusion Dissertation on the topic "Enrichment of minerals", Artemova, Olesya Stanislavovna

Bibliography Dissertation on earth sciences, candidate of technical sciences, Artemova, Olesya Stanislavovna, Irkutsk

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Explanatory note

for the final qualifying work

on the topic: "Selection, justification and calculation of technology for processing tungsten-molybdenum ore"

Graduate: K. Saifiddinov

Navoi-2014

Introduction

Minerals are the basis of the national economy, and there is not a single industry where minerals or products of their processing are not used.

Significant mineral reserves of many deposits of Uzbekistan make it possible to build large highly mechanized mining and processing and metallurgical enterprises that extract and process many hundreds of millions of tons of minerals with high technical and economic indicators.

- significant material and labor costs in the exploration and industrial development of new deposits;

- the growing need of various sectors of the national economy in almost all mineral components that make up the ore;

- the need to create waste-free technology and thereby prevent environmental pollution by production waste.

1. General information about the methods of enrichment of tungsten ores

2. Enrichment of molybdenum-tungsten ores

A new ore preparation technology was developed jointly by the Mekhanobr Institute and the plant and put into operation in August 1978.

The ore preparation scheme provides for coarse crushing of the initial ore up to -350 mm, screening according to the class of 74 mm, separate storage of each class in bunkers in order to more accurately control the supply of large and small classes of ore to the self-grinding mill.

The sulfide minerals flotation cycle is equipped with automatic control and dosing systems for the collector (butyl xanthate) and suppressor (sodium sulfide) in the copper-molybdenum flotation cycle. The systems operate using ion-selective electrodes as sensors.

From the self-grinding mill, the ore goes to screening. Class +4 mm is regrinded in a ball mill. The mill outlet and underscreen product (-4 mm) are classified I and II.

2. Technology section

2.1 Calculation of the crushing scheme with the choice of equipment

2.2 Calculation of the grinding scheme

Table 3. Table of the qualitative-quantitative enrichment scheme.

2.3 Selection and calculation of SAG mills

1. We find the specific productivity for the newly formed class of the operating mill PSI, t / (m 3 * h):

where Q is the productivity of the operating mill, t/h;

- the content of the class -0.074 mm in the discharge of the mill,%;

- the content of the class -0.074 mm in the original product,%;

D - diameter of the operating mill, m;

L is the length of the operating mill, m.

2. We determine the specific productivity of the designed mill according to the newly formed class:

where q 1 is the specific productivity of a working mill for the same class;

K and - coefficient taking into account differences in the grindability of the ore designed for processing and processed ore (Ki=1);

K k - coefficient taking into account the difference in the size of the initial and final grinding products at the existing and projected factories (K k =1);

K D - coefficient taking into account the difference in the diameters of the drums of the designed and operating mills:

K D = ,

where D and D 1 respectively, the nominal diameters of the drums designed for installation and operating mills. (K D =1.1);

K t - coefficient taking into account differences in the type of designed and operating mills (Kt=1).

q \u003d 0.77 * 1 * 1 * 1.1 * 1 \u003d 0.85 t / (m 3 * h).

I accept for installation the self-grinding mill "Kaskad" with a diameter of 7 m and a length of 2.3 m with a working volume of 81.05 m 3

3. We determine the productivity of mills for ore according to the formula:

where V is the working volume of the mill. /4/

4. Determine the estimated number of mills:

n- 101/125.72 = 0.8;

then the accepted value will be equal to 1 . Mill "Kaskad" provides the specified performance.

Screen selection and calculation II screening stages .

Draining of semi-self-grinding mills by pumps...

Similar Documents

What else to read

THE LAST NOTES

Categories