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How to make a PM from wood with your own hands. Encyclopedia of weapons. General information. Purpose and combat properties of the pistol

Makarov Pistol (PM) - Complete Guide

The automatic operation of the pistol operates on the basis of the recoil of a free bolt, made in the form of a movable barrel casing. The bolt return spring fits directly onto the barrel. Impact mechanism hammer type, with an open trigger and a two-pronged mainspring located in the handle behind the magazine.

The trigger mechanism allows only single fire. The presence of self-cocking in the design allows the first shot to be fired, if there is a cartridge in the chamber, without first cocking the hammer. This increases the combat readiness of the weapon without compromising the safety of its carrying. A safety lever at the rear of the bolt simultaneously locks the trigger and the bolt with the frame. The safety can be turned off with the thumb of the hand holding the weapon, i.e. the gun can be controlled with one hand.

A flat, single-stack 8-round magazine is housed in the handle. After the cartridges are used up, the bolt, with the help of the magazine feeder and the bolt stop, stops in the rearmost position. For shooting, cartridges with conventional or tracer bullets are used.

Purpose and combat properties pistol

The 9-mm Makarov pistol (Fig. 1) is a personal weapon of attack and defense, designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.

Rice. 1. General form 9 mm Makarov pistol

Pistol fire is most effective at distances up to 50 m. The destructive power of the bullet remains up to 350 m.
The pistol fires in single shots.
The pistol's combat rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute.
The weight of the pistol with a loaded magazine is 810 g.
For pistol shooting, 9mm /9x18/ pistol cartridges are used. starting speed bullet flight 315 m/sec.
When firing, cartridges are fed into the chamber from a magazine with a capacity of 8 rounds.

WEIGHT AND LINEAR DATA OF 9 - mm MAKAROV PISTOL (PM):
- Weight of pistol with magazine without cartridges 730 g
- The weight of the pistol with a magazine loaded with eight rounds is 810 g
- Gun length 161 mm
- Gun height 126.75 mm
- Barrel length 93 mm
- Barrel caliber 9 mm
- Number of grooves 4
- Magazine capacity 8 rounds
- Cartridge weight 10 g
- Bullet weight 6.1 g
- Chuck length 25 mm
- Combat rate of fire 30 rounds per minute
- Initial flight speed zeros 315 m/sec General device and operation of pistol parts.

The pistol is simple in design and handling, small in size, comfortable to carry and always ready for action. The pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically during shooting. The operation of the automatic pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of a free shutter. The bolt and barrel have no clutch. The reliability of locking the barrel bore when fired is achieved by the large mass of the bolt and the force return spring. Thanks to the presence of a hammer-type self-cocking trigger mechanism in the pistol, you can quickly open fire by directly pressing the tail of the trigger without first cocking the hammer.

Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by reliably operating fuses. The pistol has a safety located on the left side of the slide. In addition, the trigger is automatically cocked under the action of the mainspring after the trigger is released (" lights out" trigger) and when the trigger is released.

The trigger, under the action of the curved (bounce) end of the wide feather of the mainspring, is rotated at a certain angle from the bolt (this is " lights out" trigger) so that the nose of the sear is in front of the trigger safety cock.

After the trigger is released, the trigger rod, under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring, will move to the rear extreme position. The cocking lever and the sear will go down, the sear, under the action of its spring, will press against the trigger and the trigger will automatically engage the safety cock.

Rice. 2. Main parts and mechanisms of the pistol:

1 - frame with barrel and trigger guard; 2 - bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety catch: 3 - return spring: 4 - parts of the trigger mechanism; 5 - handle with screw; 6 - shutter stop; 7 - store

The pistol consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 2):

frames with barrel and trigger guard;
bolt with firing pin, ejector and fuse;
return spring;
trigger mechanism;
handles with screw;
shutter stop;
store.

Each pistol comes with accessories: a spare magazine, a wiper, a holster, a pistol strap.

To fire a shot, you must press the trigger with your index finger. At the same time, the trigger strikes the firing pin, which breaks the cartridge primer. As a result, the powder charge ignites and forms a large number of powder gases. The bullet is ejected from the barrel by the pressure of the powder gases. The bolt, under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. When the cartridge meets the reflector, it is thrown out through the shutter window.

When the bolt moves to the rearmost position, it turns the trigger on the trunnions back and puts it in cocking position. Having moved back all the way, the bolt returns forward under the action of the return spring. When moving forward, the bolt rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. The bore is locked with a blowback bolt; the gun is ready to fire again.

To fire the next shot, you need to release the trigger and then press it again. So the shooting will continue until the cartridges in the magazine are completely used up.

Once all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up, the bolt locks into the slide stop and remains in the rear position.

Disassembly of the pistol can be incomplete or complete. Partial disassembly is carried out for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the gun, complete - for cleaning when the gun is heavily soiled, after it has been exposed to rain or snow, when switching to a new lubricant, as well as during repairs.

Frequent complete disassembly of the pistol is not allowed, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

When disassembling and assembling the pistol, the following rules must be observed:

Rice. 3. Removing the magazine from the base of the handle

Check to see if there is a cartridge in the chamber, to do this, turn off the safety (move the flag down), move the bolt to the rear position with your left hand, place it on the bolt stop and inspect the chamber. Pressing with your thumb right hand release the shutter for the shutter stop.

Separate the shutter from the frame. Taking the pistol in your right hand by the handle, with your left hand pull the trigger guard down (Fig. 4) and, tilting it to the left, rest it against the frame so that it is held in this position. During further disassembly, hold it in this position with the index finger of your right hand.

Rice. 4. Pulling the trigger guard

With your left hand, move the bolt to its rearmost position and, lifting its rear end, allow it to move forward under the action of the return spring. Separate the bolt from the frame (Fig. 5) and put the trigger guard in its place.

Rice. 5. Separating the shutter from the frame

Remove the return spring from the barrel. Holding the frame with your right hand by the handle and rotating the return spring towards you with your left hand, remove it from the barrel.

Reassemble the pistol after partial disassembly in the reverse order.

Place the return spring on the barrel.

Taking the frame by the handle in your right hand, with your left hand you must put the return spring onto the barrel with the end in which the outermost coil has a smaller diameter compared to other coils.

Rice. 6. Inserting the free end of the return spring into the valve channel

Attach the shutter to the frame. Holding the frame by the handle in your right hand and the bolt in your left, insert the free end of the return spring into the bolt channel (Fig. 6) and move the bolt to the rearmost position so that the muzzle of the barrel passes through the bolt channel and protrudes outward (Fig. 7 ). Lower the rear end of the shutter onto the frame so that the longitudinal protrusions of the shutter fit into the grooves of the frame, and, pressing the shutter against the frame, release it. The bolt, under the action of the return spring, vigorously returns to the forward position. Turn on the fuse (raise the flag up).

Rice. 7. Attaching the shutter to the frame

Note. To attach the shutter to the frame, it is not necessary to pull down and twist the trigger guard. At the same time, when moving the bolt to the rearmost position, it is necessary to lift its rear end up as far as possible so that the lower front wall of the bolt does not stick into the ridge of the trigger guard, which limits the movement of the bolt back.

Rice. 8. Inserting the magazine into the base of the handle

Insert the magazine into the base of the handle. Holding the pistol in your right hand, use the thumb and forefinger of your left hand to insert the magazine into the base of the handle through the lower window of the base of the handle (Fig. 8). Press the magazine cover with your thumb so that the latch (the lower end of the mainspring) jumps over the protrusion on the wall of the magazine; there should be a click. Hitting the magazine with the palm of your hand is not allowed.

Check the correct assembly of the gun after partial disassembly. Turn off the safety switch (move the flag down). Move the shutter to the rear position and release it. The shutter, having moved slightly forward, engages the slide stop and remains in the rear position. Press the shutter stop with your right thumb to release the shutter. The bolt, under the action of the return spring, must vigorously return to the forward position, and the trigger must be cocked. Turn on the fuse (raise the flag up). The trigger must be released from cocking and locked.

Complete disassembly of the pistol is carried out in the following order.

Carry out partial disassembly of the pistol, guided by art. 7.

Separate the sear and bolt stop from the frame. Take the gun in left hand; holding the trigger head with the thumb of your left hand and pressing the tail of the trigger with your index finger, smoothly release the trigger.

Rice. 9. Removing the sear spring hook from the bolt stop

Use the rubbing protrusion to remove the hook of the sear spring from the bolt stop (Fig. 9). Using the index finger and thumb of your right hand, turn the sear forward until the flat on the right pin coincides with the slot of the trunnion socket in the frame; then lift the sear and slide stop up and separate them from the frame (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Separating the sear and slide stop from the frame

Separate the handle from the base of the handle and the mainspring from the frame. Using a cleaning blade, unscrew the screw and, moving the handle back, separate it from the base of the handle (Fig. 11).

Rice. 11. Separating the handle from the base of the handle

Pressing the mainspring with the thumb of your left hand to the base of the handle, move down and separate the mainspring bolt from the base of the handle and remove the mainspring from the boss of the handle base (Fig. 12).

Rice. 12. Separating the mainspring from the frame

Notes:
In combat conditions, if there is no wiping at hand, the screw can be unscrewed with a bolt stop reflector.
In pistols of the first releases, the mainspring is attached without a bolt.

Separate the trigger from the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand and turning the trigger to the extreme forward position, use the index finger and thumb of your right hand to turn the trigger forward until the flats on its pins coincide with the slots in the pin sockets in the frame, move the trigger towards the barrel and remove it (Fig. 13).

Rice. 13. Separating the trigger from the frame

Separate the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, lift the rear end of the trigger rod with your right hand (Fig. 14) and remove the pin from the trigger hole.

Rice. 14. Separating the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame

Separate the trigger from the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, pull the trigger guard down with your right hand, as is done when incomplete disassembly pistol; turning the tail of the trigger forward, remove the trigger pins from the pin sockets in the frame and separate the trigger from the frame. Place the trigger guard in its place.

Separate the safety and firing pin from the bolt. Taking the bolt in your left hand, turn the safety lever upward with the thumb of your right hand; then, using the index finger and thumb of your right hand, move the flag out of the socket slightly to the side, turn it further back and remove it from the shutter socket (Fig. 15).

Rice. 15. Separating the fuse from the bolt

Lightly strike the palm of your right hand with the back end of the bolt to remove the firing pin from the bolt.

Separate the ejector from the bolt (Fig. 16). Place the bolt on the table (bench), with your right hand, using the rubbing protrusion, press the ejector bend and, at the same time, pressing the front part of the ejector with the index finger of your left hand and turning it around the hook, remove it from the groove; After this, carefully remove the bend with the spring from the bolt socket.

Rice. 16. Separating the ejector from the bolt

Disassemble the store. Taking the magazine in your left hand, use the thumb and forefinger of this hand to press the feeder spring towards the feeder, with your right hand remove the magazine cover by its protruding part (Fig. 17) and remove the feeder spring and feeder from the magazine body.

Rice. 17. Disassembling the store

Reassemble the pistol after complete disassembly in the reverse order.

Assemble the store. Holding the magazine body in your left hand so that the protrusion for the magazine latch is in front and at the top, insert the feeder into the magazine body with your right hand. Insert the feeder spring into the magazine body with the unbent end down and, pressing the spring with the thumb of your left hand (Fig. 18), with your right hand, push the cover onto the curved ribs of the body so that the bent end of the spring pops into the hole in the cover.

Rice. 18. Store assembly

Attach the ejector to the bolt (Fig. 19). Place the bolt on the table (bench), and with your right hand insert the ejector spring with the bend (with the bend outward) into the bolt socket.

Rice. 19. Attaching the ejector to the bolt

Place the ejector in the groove with the hook to the shutter cup and, holding it with the index finger of your left hand at the hook, press the oppression wiper into the socket; simultaneously pressing the ejector towards the bend and down (turning around the hook), lower its heel into the bolt socket so that the head of the bend is located above the ledge of the ejector heel.

Attach the firing pin and safety to the bolt. Take the bolt in your left hand with the back end facing you and insert the firing pin into the bolt channel so that its cut at the rear faces the fuse socket. Using the thumb and forefinger of your right hand, insert the fuse into the bolt socket (Fig. 20) and turn its flag down until it stops.

Rice. 20. Attaching the fuse to the bolt

Attach the trigger to the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, pull the trigger guard with your right hand and skew it as is done when partially disassembling the pistol; insert the trigger head into the window of the frame stand so that its trunnions fit into the trunnion sockets of the frame; put the trigger guard in its place.

Attach the trigger rod with the cocking lever to the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand and moving the tail of the trigger back, insert the trigger rod pin into the trigger hole and lower the rear end of the rod into the frame onto the back wall of the base of the handle.

Attach the trigger to the frame. Holding the frame by the base of the handle with your left hand and turning the trigger to the extreme forward position, tilt the trigger head forward with your right hand, insert its pins into the pin sockets in the frame (Fig. 21) and turn the trigger head back.

Rice. 21. Attaching the trigger to the frame

Attach the mainspring to the frame and the handle to the base of the handle. Place the gun on the palm of your left hand; turning the trigger forward and the cocking lever up, insert the feathers of the mainspring into the frame window with your right hand and put the spring with the hole on the boss of the base of the handle so that the wide feather of the mainspring is located in the recess of the trigger, and the narrow feather is on the heel of the cocking lever.

Turn the pistol so that the back wall of the base of the handle is facing towards you, and, holding the mainspring by the magazine latch with the thumb of your left hand, and the front wall of the base of the handle with your index finger, put on the mainspring bolt with the thumb and forefinger of your right hand (Fig. 22 and 23 ).

Rice. 22. Attaching the mainspring to the frame

Rice. 23. Securing the mainspring with a bolt

Check that the mainspring is installed correctly by lightly pressing the tail of the trigger several times. If the trigger moves back, then the spring is installed correctly. Place the handle on the base of the handle and screw in the screw until it stops, then loosen the screw half a turn.

Attach the bolt stop and sear to the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, insert the slide stop into the cutout of the frame with your right hand (Fig. 24); take the sear so that the flat on its right trunnion faces forward; first insert the left sear pin (on which the spring is located) into the trunnion socket of the frame, and then insert the right sear pin into the trunnion socket in the frame. Turn the sear back. Using the rubbing protrusion, place the hook of the sear spring onto the bolt stop.

Rice. 24. Attaching the shutter stop and sear to the frame

Note. It is forbidden to cock the hammer by pressing the tail of the trigger and release the hammer when the bolt is not attached to the frame.

Carry out further assembly, guided by Art. 8.

Check the correct operation of the parts and mechanisms of the gun after assembly, as specified in Art. 49. (Inspection of the assembled pistol)

Cleaning and lubricating the gun

The pistol must be kept clean and in good working order at all times. This is achieved by timely and proper cleaning and lubrication, careful handling of the gun and proper storage of it.

Pistols are cleaned:

in a combat situation, during maneuvers and long-term exercises in the field - daily during a lull in the battle or during breaks between classes;
after exercises, orders and training in the field without shooting - immediately after the end of the exercises, orders or classes;
after shooting - immediately after shooting, it is necessary to clean and lubricate the barrel bore and chamber; Perform final cleaning of the pistol upon returning from shooting; in the next 3 - 4 days, clean the gun daily;
if the pistol is not in use, at least once every 7 days.

Apply lubricant only to a well-cleaned and dry metal surface immediately after cleaning to prevent moisture from affecting the metal.

Soldiers and sergeants armed with pistols clean and lubricate pistols under the guidance of the platoon commander (company sergeant major, battery). He determines the degree of disassembly of the gun, the correctness and quality of cleaning, gives permission for lubrication and assembly, and checks the correctness of lubrication and assembly.

Officers clean and lubricate pistols themselves.

In a barracks or camp setting, pistols are cleaned in specially designated places on tables equipped or adapted for this purpose, and in a combat or field situation - on mats, boards, plywood, etc., previously cleaned of dirt and dust.

To clean and lubricate the gun, use:

liquid gun lubricant - for cleaning the gun and lubricating its parts and mechanisms at air temperatures from +5 to -50 o C;
gun lubricant - for lubricating the barrel bore, parts and mechanisms of the gun after cleaning them; this lubricant is used at air temperatures from +5 o C and above;
RFC solution (barrel cleaning solution) - for cleaning barrel bores and other parts of the pistol exposed to powder gases;
rags or paper KV-22 - for wiping, cleaning and lubricating the gun;
tow (short flax fiber), cleared of kernels, - only for cleaning the bore.

To make it easier to clean grooves, cutouts and holes, you can use wooden sticks.

Cleaning the pistol with an RFS solution is carried out only after shooting at the shooting range or in the barracks. If after shooting the pistol was cleaned with liquid gun lubricant, then upon returning to the barracks, clean the pistol with an RFC solution.

IN field conditions The pistol can only be cleaned with liquid gun lubricant.

Note.

The RHS solution is prepared in the department in the following composition:
water suitable for drinking - 1 l;
ammonium carbonate - 200 g;
potassium dichromate (chrompic) - 3.5 g.

The solution is prepared in the amount necessary to clean the weapon within one day. A small amount of RFS solution can be stored for no more than 7 days in bottles, sealed with a stopper, in a dark place and away from heating devices. It is prohibited to pour RFC solution into oil cans.

Clean the gun in the following order:
Prepare cleaning materials and lubricants.

Inspect the accessory as specified in Art. 58 (Inspect the Wipe, Holster and Pistol Strap), and prepare it for use in cleaning.

Disassemble the gun.

Clean the bore. Pass tow or rags through the wiping slot; The thickness of the tow layer should be such that the wipe with tow is introduced into the barrel bore with a slight hand effort. Soak the tow with liquid gun lubricant. Introduce the rub into the bore from the muzzle.

Place the pistol frame on the table and, holding it with your left hand, smoothly move the wipe along the entire length of the barrel several times with your right hand. Change the tow and repeat the cleaning again. Rub thoroughly. Wipe the bore dry first with tow and then with a clean, dry rag.

Inspect the rags; if traces of soot or rust are noticeable on the rags, wipe the barrel bore again with tow soaked in liquid gun lubricant, and then with dry tow or rags. Repeat cleaning the bore until the rag removed from the bore is clean. Clean the chamber in the same way. The chamber must be cleaned only from the breech by rotating the wiper with tow (rags) pressed against the ledge of the chamber.

Cleaning with the RChS solution is carried out in the same order as with liquid gun lubricant, and continues until carbon deposits are completely removed and tombakization, i.e. until a brush or tow moistened with a solution comes out of the barrel bore without signs of soot or greenery. After this, wipe the bore with dry tow or a rag. The next day, check the quality of the cleaning performed and, if carbon deposits are found on it when wiping the barrel bore with a clean rag, clean again in the same order. After cleaning the rifled part of the bore, clean the chamber in the same manner.

Carefully inspect the bore and chamber against the light. When inspecting, pay special attention to the chamber and the corners of the rifling, in which no dirt or carbon deposits should remain.

Clean the pistol frame, barrel and trigger guard. Wipe the parts dry with a rag until dirt and moisture are completely removed. Remove rust with tow or rags soaked in liquid gun lubricant.

Clean the bolt, return spring, bolt stop and parts of the firing mechanism. If the pistol is cleaned after shooting, then clean the bolt cup with tow or rags soaked in liquid gun lubricant or RFC solution until the carbon deposits are completely removed. After cleaning, wipe it dry. If the pistol has not been fired and there is no carbon deposits or rust on the bolt cup, then wipe it with a dry cloth.

Wipe the remaining metal parts and mechanisms dry with a rag until dirt and moisture are completely removed, using wooden sticks for this.

Clean the bolt, bolt stop and parts of the trigger mechanism in assembled form after training and training without shooting, and in disassembled form after shooting, leaving the pistol in the rain and heavily soiled.

Wipe the handle with a dry rag or tow.

Clean out the store. The magazine is cleaned after training and training in assembled form, and after shooting, the pistol is exposed to the rain and is heavily soiled - in disassembled form. After outfits and activities, wipe the store dry with a rag until dirt and moisture are completely removed. After firing, remove carbon deposits from the feeder with tow or rags soaked in liquid gun lubricant or RSF solution. After cleaning, wipe the feeder dry.

Wipe the holster with a dry cloth both from the inside and outside until dirt and moisture are completely removed.

Wipe the wipe dry.

Lubricate the bore. Pass a rag through the wiping slot. Soak a rag with lubricant. Introduce the rub into the barrel bore from the muzzle and smoothly move it two to three times along the entire length of the barrel bore to evenly cover the rifling and bore margins with a thin layer of lubricant. Lubricate the chamber from the breech by rotating and wiping with a rag.

Lubricate other metal parts and mechanisms of the gun. Lubricate the outer surfaces using an oiled rag. To lubricate channels, sockets and holes, use an oiled rag wound on a wooden stick. Apply the lubricant in a thin, even layer. Excessive lubrication on gun parts will cause contamination and may cause gun malfunction.

Do not lubricate the holster, but only wipe it dry with a rag and dry it.

Lubricate the wipe.

After lubrication is completed, assemble the gun, inspect it, check the correct assembly and operation of the parts and mechanisms of the gun.

A gun brought from a frost into a warm room must not be lubricated until it is " sweats"; when drops of water appear, you need, without waiting for the moisture to dry, wipe the parts and mechanisms of the gun dry and lubricate them.

Pistol surrendered at long-term storage, must be thoroughly cleaned, the bore and trigger mechanism lubricated with liquid gun lubricant, wrapped in one sheet (layer) of inhibited paper and two sheets (layers) of waxed paper and sealed in a cardboard box.

Lubricate the parts and mechanisms of the gun at an outside temperature of +5 o C and below only with liquid gun lubricant.

A 9-mm pistol cartridge (Fig. 44) consists of a cartridge case, a primer, powder charge, bullets.

Rice. 44. Common type of 9 mm pistol cartridge and its design:
1 - sleeve; 2 - capsule; 3 - powder charge; 4 - bullet; 5 - bimetallic (clad) shell; 6 - steel core; 7 - lead shirt

The sleeve serves to place the powder charge and connect all parts of the cartridge; during a shot, it prevents the breakthrough of gases from the barrel bore through the chamber.

At the bottom of the sleeve there are: a slot for a primer; an anvil on which the primer is struck; two seed holes through which the flame from the percussion composition of the primer penetrates the powder charge. Outside, at the bottom of the sleeve, there is an annular groove for hooking the ejector.

The charge consists of smokeless pyroxylin powder.

The capsule serves to ignite the powder charge. It consists of a brass cap with impact compound pressed into it and a foil circle covering the impact compound. When the striker strikes, the impact composition ignites.

The bullet consists of a bimetallic (clad) shell into which a steel core is pressed. There is a lead jacket between the bullet and the steel core.

Cartridges for loading the pistol are loaded into an 8-round magazine. The magazine is loaded by inserting and retracting the cartridges by hand.

The cartridges are sealed in standard wooden cartridge boxes of 2560 pcs. in everyone. Each box contains two rolled-up iron or sealed galvanized boxes, in which cartridges are placed in cardboard packs, 16 cartridges per pack. One iron box holds 80 cardboard packs.

On the side walls wooden boxes There are inscriptions indicating the nomenclature of the cartridges placed in these boxes: the batch number of the cartridges, the month and year of manufacture of the cartridges and gunpowder, the manufacturing plant, the brand and batch of gunpowder, the number of cartridges in the box.

The weight of one box of cartridges is about 33 kg.

OPERATION OF PISTOL PARTS AND MECHANISMS

Position of pistol parts and mechanisms before loading

The parts and mechanisms of the pistol are in the following position before loading.

The shutter under the action of the return spring is in the extreme forward position; the bolt cup rests against the breech section of the barrel, as a result of which the barrel is locked with a free bolt. The longitudinal protrusions of the shutter fit into the grooves located in the rear of the frame. The bolt and frame are locked with a safety rib.

The trigger, under the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, is lowered and rests with its front plane against the fuse protrusion so that it cannot move forward.

The sear is raised upward by the shelf of the ledge on the safety axis and is held in this position so that there is a small gap between the safety cocking of the hammer and the nose of the sear.

The trigger rod with the cocking lever is moved to the rearmost position under the action of the narrow mainspring; The cocking lever is recessed into the frame and its self-cocking protrusion is engaged with the trigger's self-cocking tooth so that when the tail of the trigger is pressed, the hammer is not cocked, but has some free movement back.

The magazine is inserted into the base of the handle. The feeder is at the top and rests against the ridge of the bolt. The feed tooth presses on the bolt stop.

The fuse box is in the " prevention". In this case, the protrusion of the fuse is lowered down and comes into contact with the front plane of the trigger; the shelf of the ledge on the axis of the fuse, by acting on the sear tooth, raises the sear up and holds it in this position; the fuse hook enters the trigger recess and, resting against its protrusion, locks the trigger in position " prevention"so that it cannot be cocked; the safety rib has gone beyond the left protrusion of the frame and locks the bolt with the frame.

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms during loading

To load the pistol you need:

equip the magazine with cartridges;
insert the magazine into the base of the handle;
turn off the fuse (turn the flag down);
move the shutter to the rearmost position and release it sharply.

When loading the magazine, the cartridges are placed on the feeder one on top of the other in one row, compressing the feeder spring; As the magazine is filled with cartridges, the feeder spring compresses and, pressing the feeder from below, lifts the cartridges upward. The upper cartridge is held by the curved edges of the side walls of the magazine body.

When a loaded magazine is inserted into the base of the handle, the magazine latch slides over the protrusion on the wall of the magazine and holds the magazine in the base of the handle. The upper cartridge rests against the ridge of the bolt. The feeder is located at the bottom; its tooth does not act on the bolt stop.

When the safety is turned off (the flag is turned down), the safety protrusion rises and releases the trigger. When turning the safety, its hook, coming out of the trigger recess, releases the trigger protrusion, which ensures free retraction of the trigger. The shelf of the ledge on the safety axis releases the sear, which falls slightly down under the action of its spring, and the nose of the sear becomes in front of the safety cocking of the trigger (the trigger is on the safety cocking). When you turn the safety, its edge comes out from behind the left protrusion of the frame and separates the bolt from the frame. In this case, the shutter can be pulled back by hand.

When the shutter is pulled back, the following happens:

The shutter, moving along the longitudinal grooves of the frame, turns the trigger. The sear, under the action of a spring, jumps its nose behind the cocking cock. The rearward movement of the shutter is limited by the ridge of the trigger guard. The return spring is under maximum compression.

When the trigger is turned by the front part of the annular recess, it shifts the trigger rod with the cocking lever forward and slightly upward, due to which part of the free play of the trigger is selected. When the cocking lever is lifted up, its cutout approaches the protrusion of the sear.

The magazine feeder, under the action of the feeder spring, lifts the cartridges up so that the upper cartridge becomes in front of the bolt rammer.

When the bolt is released, the return spring sends the bolt forward. Moving along the longitudinal grooves of the frame, the bolt rammer moves the upper cartridge into the chamber. The cartridge, sliding along the curved edges of the side walls of the magazine body and along the bevel on the tide of the barrel and in the lower part of the chamber, enters the chamber and rests with the front cut of the sleeve against the chamber ledge; The barrel bore is locked with a blowback bolt. The second cartridge, under the action of the feeder spring, is lifted up by the feeder until it stops against the bolt ridge.

When the bolt reaches its extreme forward position and sends the cartridge into the chamber, the ejector hook slides into the annular groove of the sleeve.

The trigger is cocked.

Rice. 45. Position of parts and mechanisms of the pistol before firing:

The pistol is ready to fire (Fig. 45).

Operation of parts and mechanisms of a loaded pistol when the safety is turned on

If it is not necessary to fire a shot, then, without releasing the trigger, you should turn on the safety by turning its flag up all the way so that the red circle is covered by the safety flag.

When the flag is turned, the fuse protrusion lowers and before the sear begins to rise, it stands in the path of the trigger movement; the fuse axis raises the sear with the shelf of the ledge, as a result of which the sear rotates and releases the trigger; the trigger, under the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, turns and strikes the fuse protrusion; The fuse rib, turning, extends beyond the left protrusion of the frame and locks the bolt with the frame. The safety hook, lowering, enters the hammer recess and locks it so that it is impossible to cock the hammer.

If you turn off the safety in this position, the trigger thanks to " lights out"automatically becomes on the safety cock. In this case, the pistol is ready to immediately open fire by self-cocking. The safety of handling the pistol in the event of accidental impacts is ensured by automatically setting the hammer to the safety cock.

If the trigger is released not by the safety, but manually, i.e. by pressing the tail of the trigger with the index finger of the right hand while holding the trigger head with the thumb of the same hand, then the trigger after releasing the trigger is also automatic (thanks to " lights out") becomes on safety alert.

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when fired

To fire a shot, you must turn off the safety, cock the hammer and press the tail of the trigger with your finger.

When the safety is turned off and the hammer is cocked, the parts and mechanisms of the pistol operate as described in Art. 35. (Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms during loading).

When you press the tail of the trigger with your finger, the trigger rod moves forward, and the cocking lever, connected to the rear end of the trigger rod, rotates on the rear trunnion of the trigger rod and rises until its cutout rests against the protrusion of the sear; then the cocking lever lifts the sear and disengages it from the cocking hammer. The release protrusion of the cocking lever fits into the bolt recess.

The trigger is released from the sear and, under the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, sharply turns forward on the trunnions and hits the firing pin.

The firing pin moves forward energetically and breaks the cartridge primer with its striker; a shot occurs.

The pressure of the resulting gases forces the bullet out of the barrel; at the same time, the gases press on the walls and bottom of the sleeve. The cartridge case expands and is pressed tightly against the walls of the chamber. The gas pressure at the bottom of the cartridge case is transferred to the bolt, causing it to move backward. The operation of pistol parts and mechanisms after a shot.

The bolt moves back along with the cartridge due to the pressure of the powder gases on the bottom of the cartridge case. At the beginning of the backward movement (at a length of 3.5 mm)

The bolt with its protrusion displaces the release protrusion of the cocking lever to the right, thereby disengaging it from the sear (disconnection occurs).

The released sear is pressed against the trigger under the action of a spring; when the trigger turns back all the way, the nose of the sear jumps behind the cocking of the trigger and holds it until the next shot.

With further movement of the bolt back, the release protrusion of the cocking lever slides along the groove of the bolt; the cartridge case, held by the ejector in the bolt cup, hits the reflector and is thrown out through a window in the bolt wall.

The feeder feeds the next cartridge and places it in front of the bolt rammer.

The bolt, having reached the rearmost position, returns to the forward position under the action of the return spring; The bolt rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. When the bolt reaches its extreme forward position and sends the cartridge into the chamber, the ejector hook slides into the annular groove of the sleeve.

The cocking lever rests on the sear (on the side), and the release ledge is located opposite the recess on the bolt. The pistol is ready for the next shot.

To fire the next shot, you must release the tail of the trigger and press it again.

When the tail of the trigger is released, the trigger rod with the cocking lever moves back under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring, at the same time the cocking lever moves down and with its cutout goes under the protrusion of the sear.

When you press the tail of the trigger, the cocking lever raises the sear and again releases the hammer from the sear. The next shot occurs.

If the bolt does not reach the extreme forward position (the cartridge is dented), then the release protrusion of the cocking lever will not fit into the recess on the bolt, as a result of which the cocking lever will not engage with the sear and, when the trigger is pressed again, will not turn the sear and will not release the hammer . This eliminates the possibility of a shot if the cartridge is not completely chambered. Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when firing by self-cocking.

If shooting is carried out without first cocking the hammer, then when you press the tail of the trigger, the hammer is cocked automatically (Fig. 46). In this case, the cocking lever, having engaged its self-cocking protrusion with the self-cocking tooth of the hammer, cocks the hammer. The trigger, without being cocked (since the sear at the moment of release is raised to the upper position by the protrusion of the cocking lever), breaks away from the self-cocking protrusion of the cocking lever and hits the firing pin; a shot occurs.

Rice. 46. Position of the pistol clocks before firing a self-cocking shot:
1 - shutter; 2 - ejector; 3 - return spring; 4 - trigger; 5 - trigger rod; 6 - store; 7 - mainspring; 8 - sear with a spring; 9 - cocking lever; 10 - trigger

The operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when cartridges are consumed from the magazine

When all the cartridges from the magazine are used up, the magazine feeder lifts the front end of the bolt stop up with its tooth. The bolt, resting its tooth against the protrusion of the bolt stop, stops in the rear position.

The trigger is cocked.

The feeder spring has the least compression. The bolt remains in the rear position even after the magazine is removed from the base of the pistol grip, held by the bolt stop.

The bolt is released from the slide stop (with the magazine removed or inserted) by pressing the slide stop button with your finger.

Delays when firing a pistol and how to eliminate them

A pistol, when handled correctly, carefully maintained and preserved, is a reliable and trouble-free weapon.

However, during prolonged operation due to wear of parts and mechanisms, and more often due to careless handling and inattentive maintenance, delays in shooting may occur.

To prevent delays when firing a pistol and ensure trouble-free operation of the pistol, you must:

properly prepare the pistol for shooting;
inspect, clean and lubricate the gun in a timely manner and in compliance with all rules; Take special care to ensure that the rubbing parts of the gun are clean and lubricated;
repair the pistol in a timely manner;
inspect cartridges before shooting; Do not use faulty, rusty or dirty cartridges for shooting;
during shooting and when moving, protect the pistol from contamination and impacts;
if the pistol was on for a long time before firing severe frost, then before loading it, vigorously retract the bolt by hand several times and release it, and after each retraction and release of the bolt, release the trigger by pressing on the tail of the trigger.

If there is a delay during shooting, it must be eliminated by reloading the pistol. If recharging does not eliminate the delay, then it is necessary to find out the cause of the delay and eliminate it as indicated below.

Delays Cause of delays How to eliminate delays

Misfire. The bolt is in the forward position, the trigger is pulled, but the shot does not fire 1. The cartridge primer is faulty. 1. Reload the pistol and continue shooting.

Thickening of the lubricant or contamination of the channel under the firing pin. 2. Inspect and clean the gun.

The handle screw is not fully screwed in (in pistols without a mainspring bolt). 3. Screw in the handle screw until it stops.

The output of the firing pin or the nick on the firing pin is small. 4. Send the gun to a workshop

Failure to cover the cartridge with the bolt. The shutter stopped before reaching the extreme forward position; The trigger cannot be pulled 1. Contamination of the chamber, frame grooves and bolt cup. Push the bolt forward with a hand push and continue shooting. Inspect and clean the gun

Difficult ejector movement due to contamination of the ejector spring or bender

Failure to feed or not advance a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. The bolt is in the forward position, but there is no cartridge in the chamber; the bolt stopped in the middle position along with the cartridge, without delivering it to chamber 1. Contamination of the magazine and moving parts of the pistol. 1. Reload the pistol and continue shooting. Clean the gun and magazine.

The upper edges of the magazine body are bent 2. Replace the faulty magazine

Sticking (pinching) of the cartridge case by the bolt. The cartridge case was not thrown out through the window in the bolt and became wedged between the bolt and the breech end of the barrel 1. Contamination of the moving parts of the pistol. 1. Throw away the stuck cartridge case and continue shooting.

Malfunction of the ejector, its spring or reflector 2. If the ejector with spring or reflector is malfunctioning, send the gun to a workshop

Automatic firing 1. Thickening of the lubricant or contamination of parts of the trigger mechanism. 1. Inspect and clean the gun.

Wear of the hammer cocking or sear nose. 2. Send the gun to the workshop.

The sear spring is weakened or broken. Same

Touching the ledge shelf of the sear tooth fuse The same

INSPECTION, PREPARATION FOR SHOOTING OF A PISTOL AND CARTRIDGES, CARE FOR THEM AND THEIR SAVING

General provisions

To determine the condition of the weapon, its serviceability and combat readiness, periodic inspections of pistols are carried out within the time limits established by the Internal Service Charter.

The pistol is inspected either assembled or disassembled. The degree of disassembly is determined before each inspection.

Simultaneously with the inspection of the pistol, the holster, spare magazine, wiper and pistol strap are inspected.

Every soldier armed with a pistol must inspect the pistol daily, before leaving for training, before firing, and during cleaning.

Before going to class and immediately before shooting, inspect the pistol in assembled form, and during cleaning, in disassembled and assembled form.

When inspecting the pistol daily, you must check:

are there any rust, dirt, scratches, nicks or cracks on the metal parts; what condition is the lubricant in?
whether the bolt, magazine, trigger mechanism, safety and bolt stop function properly;
are the front and rear sights in good working order?
whether the magazine is held at the base of the handle;
Is the bore clean?

Malfunctions of the pistol must be corrected immediately; If they cannot be corrected in the unit, the pistol must be sent to a repair shop.

Typical malfunctions that cause abnormal pistol firing are as follows:

the front sight is broken or bent - the bullets will deviate in the direction opposite to the movement of the top of the front sight;
the rear sight is offset - bullets will deviate in the direction that the rear sight is offset;
nicks on the muzzle of the barrel - bullets will deviate in the direction opposite to the nicks;
fraying of the bore (especially in the muzzle), wear (rounding) of the rifling fields, scratches and nicks in the bore, wobbling of the rear sight - all this increases the dispersion of bullets. Inspection of the assembled pistol

When inspecting the assembled pistol, check:

Are there any rust deposits, scratches, nicks or cracks on the parts of the gun? Do the numbers on the bolt, safety and magazines match the numbers on the frame?

Are there any nicks on the front sight and in the rear sight slot that interfere with aiming? Is the rear sight firmly held in the bolt groove and does the mark on the rear sight coincide with the mark on the bolt.

Is it easy to switch the fuse from one position to another and is it securely fixed in the extreme positions?

Does the trigger have a release: when the trigger is pulled and the trigger is pulled all the way back, the trigger head, when pressed with a finger, should move forward, and after the pressure stops, vigorously return to its original position; when the trigger is released and the pressure on the trigger head stops, the hammer should be in the safety cocking position and in this position, under sufficiently strong hand pressure, should not break off the safety cocking and move forward.

Is the trigger guard securely held in the frame and is it set in an angled position to release the bolt?

Is the handle screw tightened?

Is there any dirt, rust or other defects in the bore? To do this, you need to place the shutter on the slide stop and look into the barrel from the muzzle, inserting white paper into the shutter window.

Are the walls and upper edges of the magazine body bent and does the feeder move freely in the magazine?

Does the magazine (spare magazine) slide in and out of the grip base freely and is held securely by the magazine latch?

Are the parts and mechanisms of the gun working correctly? To check, you need to do the following work.

Place the safety catch in the fire position (lower down), pull the bolt back by hand until it stops and release it; The bolt, having moved slightly forward, should remain in the rear position under the action of the bolt stop. Press the shutter stop button; the bolt, under the action of the return spring, must vigorously return to the forward position, and the trigger must be cocked. Press the tail of the trigger; the trigger must be released from cocking and hit the firing pin.

Remove the magazine from the base of the pistol grip and equip it with training cartridges; insert the magazine into the base of the pistol grip, pull the bolt back and release it; in this case, the bolt, under the action of the return spring, must reach the extreme forward position and send the cartridge into the chamber; When the bolt is pulled back again, the cartridge must be vigorously reflected outward through the window in the bolt.

Turn the fuse box up to the “safety” position; in this case, the trigger must be released from the cocking mechanism, strike the safety protrusion and remain in a position slightly retracted; after this, the bolt must be locked, the trigger should not be cocked either by direct action of the thumb on it, or by pressing the tail of the trigger (self-cocking).

Place the safety switch in the “fire” position and press the tail of the trigger; in this case, the hammer must be cocked and, without being cocked, strike the firing pin.

Put the hammer on cock and press the trigger head from behind; at the same time, he should not break from the combat platoon. Then press the tail of the trigger; in this case, the trigger must be released from the cocking position and deliver an energetic blow to the firing pin.

If there are spring scales, check the hammer release force. The hammer must be released from a trigger force of at least 1.5 kg and no more than 3.5 kg.

Is the trigger blocked by the safety protrusion when the safety is turned before the sear begins to rise? Perform the check as follows.

Move the safety switch to the " position fire". Put the trigger on the combat cock. Holding the pistol in your right hand with the barrel down and observing the sear through the groove in the bolt, slowly move the safety lever up with the thumb of your right hand until the sear begins to rise.

Having thus determined the position of the fuse at the moment the sear begins to rise (i.e., at the moment the shelf of the ledge of the fuse touches the tooth of the sear), holding the trigger with the thumb of your right hand, press the trigger with your index finger and, without releasing it, slowly bring the trigger to the forward position . In this case, the trigger should rest against the fuse protrusion, i.e. be blocked by a fuse (Fig. 48), as a result of which the shot does not occur.

Rice. 47. Scheme for blocking the trigger with the fuse protrusion:
1 - sear tooth; 2 - fuse ledge shelf; 3 - fuse protrusion

Inspection of the pistol in disassembled form

When the pistol is disassembled, each part and mechanism is examined in detail separately in order to check whether there is any chipped metal, torn threads, scratches and nicks, bents, rashes, rust and contamination, and whether all parts have the same numbers.

When inspecting the frame with the barrel and trigger guard, pay special attention to the condition of the barrel bore.

Inspect the bore from the muzzle and breech. At the same time, check the cleanliness of the bore, chamber and serviceability of the breech section of the barrel.

Barrels can be with chrome-plated or non-chrome-plated bore and chamber.

When examining a non-chromed bore, the following disadvantages may be observed.

A rash is the primary damage to metal by rust. The rash looks like dots and specks, located locally or over the entire surface of the bore.

Rust is a dark coating on metal. Rust, invisible to the eye, can be detected by wiping the bore with a clean rag, on which rust leaves yellowish stains.

Rust marks are dark, shallow stains that remain after rust has been removed.

Sinks are significant depressions in the metal caused by prolonged exposure to rust. It is prohibited to delete them in the department.

Copper plating - appears when shooting clad bullets coated with tombac. Copper plating is observed in the form of a light copper coating on the walls of the bore. Can only be removed by a repair shop.

Scratches are dashes, sometimes with a noticeable rise of metal along the edges.

Removing scratches in the bore is not allowed.

Nicks are more or less significant depressions, sometimes with metal rising.

Barrel swelling - noticeable in the barrel bore in the form of a transverse dark solid ring (semi-ring) or detected by a metal convexity on the outer surface of the barrel. Inflating the trunk is not allowed.

When determining the quality condition of chrome-plated barrels, follow the Instructions for the Categorization of Artillery Weapons.

When inspecting the bolt with ejector, firing pin and fuse, pay special attention to the condition of the internal grooves, sockets and protrusions, which should not be dirty and should not have nicks. Check whether the firing pin moves freely in the bolt channel, whether the ejector is vigorously pressed against the bolt cup, and whether the ejector hook and the firing pin are not crushed.

When inspecting the fuse, check whether the latch is recessed, whether there are large bruises on the hook for locking the trigger, whether the pin is worn, and whether the rib of the fuse is worn.

When inspecting the return spring, check whether there are burrs, rust, bends, dirt or breaks on it, and whether it is firmly held on the barrel.

When inspecting parts of the trigger mechanism, pay special attention to the serviceability of the hammer, sear, and trigger rod with the cocking lever. When inspecting the trigger rod, check for significant wear on the release lug of the cocking lever; The cocking lever must rotate without jamming on the trigger rod pin. Check for any crumbling and wear of the combat and safety cocking of the hammer, stretching of the sear spring and wear of its nose. The mainspring feathers must not be broken.

When inspecting the handle with the screw, check for cracks and chips, for stripped threads on the screw, for dirty grooves and recesses, and for dirt in the metal bushing for the screw.

When inspecting the bolt stop, make sure it is in good condition. The bolt stop must not be bent or broken. Check if there is any chipped metal on the reflector.

When inspecting the magazine, pay special attention to the serviceability of the feed tooth and the protrusion for the magazine latch; check that the top edges of the magazine body are not bent.

Inspection of the wipe, holster and pistol strap

When inspecting, check whether the rubbing is not bent, whether there are nicks or scratches on it. There should be no chipped metal on the blade. The rubbing protrusion must not be bent.

When inspecting the holster, check for tears or broken seams, the presence of loops, a clasp and an auxiliary strap.

Check the condition of the pistol strap.

Inspection of live ammunition

Inspection of live ammunition is carried out in order to detect malfunctions that could lead to delays in firing the pistol.

Cartridges are inspected before shooting, when joining a squad, and by special order.

When inspecting cartridges, you need to check:

are there any rust and green deposits on the cartridges, especially on the primer, bruises or scratches that prevent the cartridge from entering the chamber; whether the bullet is pulled out of the case by hand and whether the primer protrudes above the surface of the bottom of the case; cartridges with the indicated defects must be selected and returned,

Are there any training cartridges among the live ammunition?

If the cartridges become dusty or dirty, covered with a slight green coating or rust, they must be wiped with a dry, clean rag.
Preparing the pistol for shooting

Preparing a pistol for shooting is carried out in order to ensure trouble-free operation of the pistol during shooting and maintain its normal firing. To do this you need:

inspect the pistol disassembled in accordance with Art. 50 - 57; (Inspection of the pistol in disassembled form)
inspect the assembled pistol in accordance with Art. 49; (Inspection of the assembled pistol)
inspect the cartridges as specified in Art. 59 and 60; (Inspection of live ammunition)
equip the magazine with cartridges as specified in Art. 86; (See section " Shooting rules " - " Rules and techniques for shooting from a PM pistol " - " Getting ready to fire ")
immediately before shooting, clean and wipe the barrel bore dry.

Storing a pistol and ammunition

The pistol must always be in good condition. Storage of the pistol and accessories is entrusted to the soldier armed with the pistol, who is obliged to handle the pistol carefully and inspect it daily.

In barracks and camp settings, pistols are stored unloaded and removed from holsters in cabinets or boxes with nests in accordance with the Internal Service Charter. Spare magazines are stored in slots next to the pistols.

For short-term placement in locality Keep the gun with you in apartments.

During field training, on a hike, when moving around railway and on cars, the pistol must be carried in a holster on a belt, which must be firmly fastened and properly adjusted so that the holster does not hit hard objects.

To prevent swelling or rupture of the barrel when shooting, it is prohibited to plug or cover the barrel bore with anything.

In all cases not related to shooting, the safety lever must be in the " prevention". When the fuse is set to " fire" or " prevention"The fuse box must be set to its lowest or highest position.

If, if necessary, the pistol will be placed in a damp holster, then at the first opportunity, remove the pistol from the holster, wipe, clean, lubricate it and dry the holster.

In hot areas with dust in the air, as well as in coastal areas with high air humidity, store the gun according to special instructions.

Cartridges should be stored in a dry place and, if possible, covered from sun rays, when handling them, avoid damage, protect them from impacts, moisture, dirt, etc.

CHECKING THE COMBAT OF THE PISTOL AND BRINGING IT TO NORMAL COMBAT

General provisions

All pistols must be brought to normal battle.

Checking the pistol's engagement is carried out:

when the pistol arrives at the unit;
after repairing or replacing parts of the pistol that may affect its operation;
when abnormal deviations of bullets are detected during shooting.

In a combat situation, each commander is obliged to use every opportunity to periodically check the firing of pistols.

Checking the combat and bringing the pistol to normal combat

Pistol firing is checked by officers or excellent shooters in the presence of military personnel to whom pistols are assigned. Senior commanders up to and including the unit commander are required to ensure that the rules for checking the combat of pistols are strictly observed and that they are brought to normal combat.

Before checking the combat, pistols are carefully inspected and any defects found are corrected. During the inspection, a weapons technician (master) with the necessary tools must be present.

The combat test is carried out in favorable conditions: in clear weather with no wind or in a closed shooting range, or in a shooting range protected from the wind.

The pistol's combat is checked by shooting at 25 m with cartridges from the same batch.

Shooting is carried out at a black circle with a diameter of 25 cm, mounted on a shield 1 m high and 0.5 m wide.

The aiming point is the middle of the lower edge of the black circle or the center of the circle. The aiming point should be approximately at the height of the shooter's eyes.

Along a plumb line above the aiming point, the normal position of the midpoint of impact is marked (with chalk or colored pencil), which should be 12.5 cm higher than the aiming point or coincide with it if the aiming point is the center of the circle. The marked point is the control point.

Checking the firing of a pistol is carried out from a standing position with your hand or from a support (turf, a bag filled with sawdust) placed on some local item or stand.

When shooting from a rest, the hand with the pistol should be suspended and not touch the rest.

To check the pistol's engagement, the sighter fires four shots in a row, aiming carefully and uniformly. At the end of the shooting, the shield is inspected and the accuracy of the pistol’s firing and the position of the midpoint of impact are determined by the location of the holes.

The accuracy of a pistol's firing is considered normal if all four holes (at least three, if one of the holes deviates sharply from the rest) fit into a circle (dimension) with a diameter of 15 cm.

If the combat accuracy is satisfactory, the commander determines the midpoint of the impact and measures the amount of its deviation from the control point using a centimeter ruler. For ease of measurement, two lines are drawn through the control point (with chalk or colored pencil) - vertical and horizontal.

To determine the average point of impact for four holes, you need to connect any two holes with a straight line and divide the distance between them in half; connect the resulting division point with the third hole and divide the distance between them into three equal parts; connect the division point closest to the first two holes with the fourth hole and divide the distance between them into four equal parts. The point located three divisions from the fourth hole will be the middle point of impact (Fig. 48).

Rice. 48. Determination of the average point of impact based on four holes

With a symmetrical arrangement of holes, the average point of impact can be determined in the following way:

a) connect adjacent holes in pairs, connect the midpoints of both straight lines again and divide the resulting line in half; the division point will be the middle point of impact (Fig. 49);

Rice. 49. Determination of the average point of impact using four symmetrically located holes

b) connect the holes in pairs crosswise with straight lines; the point of intersection of these lines will be the midpoint of the hit (Fig. 50).

Rice. 50. Determination of the average point of impact using four symmetrically located holes

To determine the average point of impact for three holes, you need to connect two holes with a straight line; connect the middle of this line with the third hole; divide the new line into three equal parts; the point closest to the first line will be the middle point of impact (Fig. 52).

Rice. 51. Determination of the average point of impact using three holes

Having determined the average point of impact, the commander measures the magnitude of its deviation from the control point. The midpoint of impact should not deviate more than 5 cm from the control point in any direction. If the average point of impact deviates from the control point by more than 5 cm, then the pistol is handed over to the weapons technician (master) for appropriate movement or replacement of the rear sight; the rear sight is replaced with a lower (high) one if the midpoint of impact is above (below) the control point; The rear sight moves to the left (right) if the middle point of impact is to the right (left) of the control point.

Increasing (decreasing) the height of the rear sight or moving it to the right (left) by 1 mm changes the position of the average point of impact in the corresponding direction by 19 cm.

Note. It is prohibited to file down the front sight of the pistol.

Bringing a pistol to normal combat is considered complete when the pistol, both in terms of accuracy and in relation to the position of the midpoint of impact, satisfies the requirements of normal combat.

After bringing the pistol to normal combat, the rear sight is secured with a core; The old mark on the rear sight is cleared, and a new mark is stamped in its place.

Note. It is prohibited to clean the marks on the shutter wall.

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Nowadays, one hobby is very popular both online and in reality, accessible for the most part only female– Make-up for the camera. It will seem to ordinary viewers that in these videos the girls are simply putting on makeup and making a big deal out of a mountain. But in reality, these beauties are showing off their artistic skills, which they have developed over the years. In such videos you can find tips, life hacks, and also highlight many useful points that you missed in your life. Curvy models and their stylists will tell you what eye shadow to choose and what dress to choose to match your hairstyle. For many women, this has become a kind of hobby to which they devote almost their entire lives.

In addition to make-up, many girls simply adore shopping, and therefore often upload their trips to the local store to YouTube. shopping mall, where they shop for clothes and begin to examine and try them on. Such girls often collect a whole collection of different outfits at home, and some could even open their own store and sell clothes for several years - they have so many purchased outfits. And their entire vast collection falls into the camera lens. To be honest, I don’t understand why many girls watch this, but there are clients for such content and it’s a little strange.

However, not only girls love fashion and style and are distinguished by their hobbies; men also have many different hobbies that can amaze to the core. Some people collect napkins from stores, some like to play sports simulators (which is wild in itself), but there are also those who spend their days pestering women and collecting their kisses. At the same time, they prefer to record their adventures on a video camera, and then put the videos on public display and make themselves great machos.

In any case, in our world there are so many different hobbies, activities, affairs, and all of them can captivate a person with a certain mindset for some time, and maybe even for the rest of his life. There are so many of them that there is simply no point in listing them further. On this page you can find hundreds of different videos, and they can be about anything. After all, how many people there are, so many hobbies. Each person can invent a specific time killer for himself. Sometimes you may even be surprised by what the human brain is capable of when it's bored, but don't be surprised if your own hobbies are strange to someone.

Look at people doing their favorite thing, laugh at the stupidity of what is happening, or emphasize for yourself certain things that you can find applications in your life. Here, for the most part, entertainment, information and stylish video content are collected.

Gun- this is one of the favorite toys of children, but the problem is that most purchased toys break after a very short time. Today, we want to show you how to make a gun with your own hands from wood, which will be very difficult to break. It can be used not only as a toy, but also in martial arts training, because they often teach how to behave with dangerous people who are holding a gun.

How to make a pistol at home?

To make a gun, we will have to work a lot on it, but we need very few materials. We only need a piece of wood, 20x12 centimeters in size, 2.5 centimeters thick, and don’t forget about the layout, which needs to be printed on a sheet of paper. Let's start making our gun!

1. First of all, the model of the pistol needs to be transferred to the tree so that we can then see what needs to be cut and where.

2. When the layout is drawn, we see that the excess parts can be trimmed. Using a jigsaw, cut them off.

3. In our case, we used a jigsaw machine, but you can even use a regular one.

5. After sanding, we clamp the gun into a cleat and use a scroll saw to cut out a hole where the trigger should be.

7. Don’t forget to also give the trigger a final shape; you can use a rasp for this.

8. You can also make notches on the barrel, like those on a real pistol.

9. We can cut out smaller parts with a chisel.

10. Finally, the entire gun needs to be sanded with fine sandpaper and then polished with a zero polish.

General information. Purpose and combat properties of the pistol

1. The 9-mm Makarov pistol (Fig. 1) is a personal weapon of attack and defense, designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.

Rice. 1. General view of the 9 mm Makarov pistol

Fire from a pistol is most effective at distances of up to 50 m. The destructive power of a bullet is maintained up to 350 m. Fire from a pistol is carried out in single shots. The pistol's combat rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute. The weight of the pistol with a loaded magazine is 810 g.

2. For pistol shooting, 9 mm pistol cartridges are used. The initial speed of the bullet is 315 m/sec. When firing, cartridges are fed into the chamber from a magazine with a capacity of 8 rounds.

Performance characteristics of the PM
USM - double action
Caliber, mm - 9x18 PM
Overall dimensions, mm - 161.5x126.75x30.5
Barrel length, mm - 93.5
Rifling - 4 right-handed
Magazine capacity, cartridge. - 8
Weight, kg:
without cartridges - 0.73
loaded - 0.81
Rate of fire, rds/min: - 30
Initial bullet speed, m/s: - 315
Sighting range, m: - 50
The destructive power of the bullet is maintained, m - up to 350
Muzzle energy, J - 300

General structure and operation of pistol parts

3. The pistol is simple in design and handling, small in size, comfortable to carry and always ready for action. The pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically during shooting. The operation of the automatic pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of a free shutter.

The bolt and barrel have no clutch. The reliability of locking the barrel bore when fired is achieved by the large mass of the bolt and the force of the return spring. Thanks to the presence of a hammer-type self-cocking trigger mechanism in the pistol, you can quickly open fire by directly pressing the tail of the trigger without first cocking the hammer.

Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by reliably operating fuses. The pistol has a safety located on the left side of the slide. In addition, the trigger is automatically cocked under the action of the mainspring after the trigger is released (the trigger is released) and when the trigger is released.

The trigger, under the action of the curved (bounce) end of the wide feather of the mainspring, is turned at a certain angle from the bolt (this is the “blowback” of the trigger) so that the nose of the sear is in front of the safety cocking of the hammer.

1 - frame with barrel and trigger guard; 2 - bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety catch: 3 - return spring: 4 - parts of the trigger mechanism; 5 - handle with screw; 6 - shutter stop; 7 - store." rel="lightbox">
Rice. 2. Main parts and mechanisms of the pistol:
1 - frame with barrel and trigger guard; 2 - bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety catch: 3 - return spring: 4 - parts of the trigger mechanism; 5 - handle with screw; 6 - shutter stop; 7 - store.

4. The pistol consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 2):

- frames with barrel and trigger guard;
- bolt with firing pin, ejector and fuse;
- return spring;
- trigger mechanism;
- handles with screw;
- shutter stop;
- store.

Each pistol comes with accessories: a spare magazine, a wiper, a holster, a pistol strap.

5. To fire a shot, you must press the trigger with your index finger. At the same time, the trigger strikes the firing pin, which breaks the cartridge primer. As a result, the powder charge ignites and a large amount of powder gases is formed. The bullet is ejected from the barrel by the pressure of the powder gases. The bolt, under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. When the cartridge meets the reflector, it is thrown out through the shutter window.

To fire the next shot, you need to release the trigger and then press it again. So the shooting will continue until the cartridges in the magazine are completely used up. Once all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up, the bolt locks into the slide stop and remains in the rear position.

Disassembling and assembling the pistol

6. Disassembly of the pistol can be incomplete or complete. Partial disassembly is carried out for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the gun, complete disassembly is for cleaning when the gun is heavily soiled, after it has been exposed to rain or snow, when switching to a new lubricant, as well as during repairs.

Frequent complete disassembly of the pistol is not allowed, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

When disassembling and assembling the pistol, the following rules must be observed:

- disassembly and assembly should be carried out on a table or bench, and in the field on a clean mat;
- place parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, avoid unnecessary force and sharp impacts;
- when assembling, pay attention to the numbering of parts so as not to confuse them with parts of other pistols.

7. Partial disassembly of the pistol is carried out in the following order.

1) Remove the magazine from the base of the handle (Fig. 3). Holding the pistol by the handle with your right hand, with the thumb of your left hand, pull the magazine latch back as far as it will go, while simultaneously pulling back the protruding part of the magazine cover with the index finger of your left hand, remove the magazine from the base of the handle.

Rice. 3. Removing the magazine from the base of the handle

Check to see if there is a cartridge in the chamber, to do this, turn off the safety (move the flag down), move the bolt to the rear position with your left hand, place it on the bolt stop and inspect the chamber. Press the shutter stop with your right thumb to release the shutter.

2) Separate the shutter from the frame. Taking the pistol in your right hand by the handle, with your left hand pull the trigger guard down (Fig. 4) and, tilting it to the left, rest it against the frame so that it is held in this position. During further disassembly, hold it in this position with the index finger of your right hand.

Rice. 4. Pulling the trigger guard

Rice. 5. Separating the shutter from the frame

3) Remove the return spring from the barrel. Holding the frame with your right hand by the handle and rotating the return spring towards you with your left hand, remove it from the barrel.

8. Reassemble the pistol after partial disassembly in the reverse order.

1) Place the return spring on the barrel.

Rice. 6. Inserting the free end of the return spring into the valve channel

2) Attach the shutter to the frame. Holding the frame by the handle in your right hand and the bolt in your left, insert the free end of the return spring into the bolt channel (Fig. 6) and move the bolt to the rearmost position so that the muzzle of the barrel passes through the bolt channel and protrudes outward (Fig. 7 ).

Lower the rear end of the shutter onto the frame so that the longitudinal protrusions of the shutter fit into the grooves of the frame, and, pressing the shutter against the frame, release it. The bolt, under the action of the return spring, vigorously returns to the forward position. Turn on the fuse (raise the flag up).

Rice. 7. Attaching the shutter to the frame

Note: To attach the shutter to the frame, it is not necessary to pull down and twist the trigger guard. At the same time, when moving the bolt to the rearmost position, it is necessary to lift its rear end up as far as possible so that the lower front wall of the bolt does not stick into the ridge of the trigger guard, which limits the movement of the bolt back.

Rice. 8. Inserting the magazine into the base of the handle

3) Insert the magazine into the base of the handle. Holding the pistol in your right hand, use the thumb and forefinger of your left hand to insert the magazine into the base of the handle through the lower window of the base of the handle (Fig. 8). Press the magazine cover with your thumb so that the latch (the lower end of the mainspring) jumps over the protrusion on the wall of the magazine; there should be a click. Hitting the magazine with the palm of your hand is not allowed.

9. Check the correct assembly of the gun after partial disassembly. Turn off the safety switch (move the flag down). Move the shutter to the rear position and release it. The shutter, having moved slightly forward, engages the slide stop and remains in the rear position.

Press the shutter stop with your right thumb to release the shutter. The bolt, under the action of the return spring, must vigorously return to the forward position, and the trigger must be cocked. Turn on the fuse (raise the flag up). The trigger must be released from cocking and locked.

10. Complete disassembly of the pistol is carried out in the following order.

1) Perform partial disassembly of the pistol, guided by Article 7.

2) Separate the sear and bolt stop from the frame. Take the gun in your left hand; holding the trigger head with the thumb of your left hand and pressing the tail of the trigger with your index finger, smoothly release the trigger.

Rice. 9. Removing the sear spring hook from the bolt stop

Use the rubbing protrusion to remove the hook of the sear spring from the bolt stop (Fig. 9). Using the index finger and thumb of your right hand, turn the sear forward until the flat on the right trunnion coincides with the slot of the trunnion socket in the frame; then lift the sear and slide stop up and separate them from the frame (Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Separating the sear and slide stop from the frame

3) Separate the handle from the base of the handle and the mainspring from the frame. Using a cleaning blade, unscrew the screw and, moving the handle back, separate it from the base of the handle (Fig. 11).

Rice. 11. Separating the handle from the base of the handle

Rice. 12. Separating the mainspring from the frame

Notes:
1. In combat conditions, if there is no wiping at hand, the screw can be unscrewed with a bolt stop reflector.
2. In pistols of the first releases, the mainspring is attached without a bolt.

4) Separate the trigger from the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand and turning the trigger to the extreme forward position, use the index finger and thumb of your right hand to turn the trigger forward until the flats on its trunnions coincide with the slots in the trunnion sockets in the frame, move the trigger towards the barrel and remove it (Fig. 13) .

Rice. 13. Separating the trigger from the frame

5) Separate the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, lift the rear end of the trigger rod with your right hand (Fig. 14) and remove the pin from the trigger hole.

Rice. 14. Separating the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame

6) Separate the trigger from the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, pull the trigger guard down with your right hand, as is done when partially disassembling the pistol; turning the tail of the trigger forward, remove the trigger pins from the pin sockets in the frame and separate the trigger from the frame. Place the trigger guard in its place.

7) Separate the safety and firing pin from the bolt. Taking the bolt in your left hand, turn the safety lever upward with the thumb of your right hand; then, using the index finger and thumb of your right hand, move the flag out of the socket slightly to the side, turn it further back and remove it from the shutter socket (Fig. 15).

Rice. 15. Separating the fuse from the bolt

Lightly strike the palm of your right hand with the back end of the bolt to remove the firing pin from the bolt.

8) Separate the ejector from the bolt (Fig. 16). Place the bolt on the table (bench), with your right hand, using the rubbing protrusion, press the ejector bend and, at the same time, pressing the front part of the ejector with the index finger of your left hand and turning it around the hook, remove it from the groove; After this, carefully remove the bend with the spring from the bolt socket.

Rice. 16. Separating the ejector from the bolt

9) Disassemble the store. Taking the magazine in your left hand, use the thumb and forefinger of this hand to press the feeder spring towards the feeder, with your right hand remove the magazine cover by its protruding part (Fig. 17) and remove the feeder spring and feeder from the magazine body.

Rice. 17. Disassembling the store

11. Reassemble the pistol after complete disassembly in the reverse order.

1) Assemble the store. Holding the magazine body in your left hand so that the protrusion for the magazine latch is in front and at the top, insert the feeder into the magazine body with your right hand. Insert the feeder spring into the magazine body with the unbent end down and, pressing the spring with the thumb of your left hand (Fig. 18), with your right hand, push the cover onto the curved ribs of the body so that the bent end of the spring pops into the hole in the cover.

Rice. 18. Store assembly

2) Attach the ejector to the bolt (Fig. 19). Place the bolt on the table (bench), and with your right hand insert the ejector spring with the bend (with the bend outward) into the bolt socket.

Rice. 19. Attaching the ejector to the bolt

3) Attach the firing pin and safety to the bolt. Take the bolt in your left hand with the back end facing you and insert the firing pin into the bolt channel so that its cut at the rear faces the fuse socket. Using the thumb and forefinger of your right hand, insert the fuse into the bolt socket (Fig. 20) and turn its flag down until it stops.

Rice. 20. Attaching the fuse to the bolt

4) Attach the trigger to the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, pull the trigger guard with your right hand and skew it as is done when partially disassembling the pistol; insert the trigger head into the window of the frame stand so that its trunnions fit into the trunnion sockets of the frame; put the trigger guard in its place.

5) Attach the trigger rod with the cocking lever to the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand and moving the tail of the trigger back, insert the trigger rod pin into the trigger hole and lower the rear end of the rod into the frame onto the back wall of the base of the handle.

6) Attach the trigger to the frame. Holding the frame by the base of the handle with your left hand and turning the trigger to the extreme forward position, tilt the trigger head forward with your right hand, insert its pins into the pin sockets in the frame (Fig. 21) and turn the trigger head back.

Rice. 21. Attaching the trigger to the frame

7) Attach the mainspring to the frame and the handle to the base of the handle. Place the gun on the palm of your left hand; turning the trigger forward and the cocking lever up, insert the feathers of the mainspring into the frame window with your right hand and put the spring with the hole on the boss of the base of the handle so that the wide feather of the mainspring is located in the recess of the trigger, and the narrow feather is on the heel of the cocking lever.

Rice. 22. Attaching the mainspring to the frame

Rice. 23. Securing the mainspring with a bolt

8) Attach the bolt stop and sear to the frame. Holding the frame in your left hand, insert the slide stop into the cutout of the frame with your right hand (Fig. 24); take the sear so that the flat on its right trunnion faces forward; first insert the left sear pin (on which the spring is located) into the trunnion socket of the frame, and then insert the right sear pin into the trunnion socket in the frame. Turn the sear back. Using the rubbing protrusion, place the hook of the sear spring onto the bolt stop.

Rice. 24. Attaching the shutter stop and sear to the frame

Note: It is forbidden to cock the hammer by pressing the tail of the trigger and release the hammer when the bolt is not attached to the frame.

9) Carry out further assembly, guided by Art. 8.

10) Check the correct operation of the parts and mechanisms of the gun after assembly, as specified in Art. 49. (Inspection of the assembled pistol)

Cleaning and lubricating the gun

12. The pistol must be kept clean and in good working order at all times. This is achieved by timely and proper cleaning and lubrication, careful handling of the gun and proper storage of it.

13. Pistols are cleaned:

- in a combat situation, during maneuvers and long-term exercises in the field - daily during a lull in the battle or in breaks between classes;
- after exercises, orders and training in the field without shooting - immediately after the end of the exercises, orders or classes;
- after shooting, immediately after shooting it is necessary to clean and lubricate the barrel bore and chamber; Perform final cleaning of the pistol upon returning from shooting; in the next 3-4 days, clean the gun daily;
- if the pistol is not in use, - at least once every 7 days.

14. Apply lubricant only to a well-cleaned and dry metal surface immediately after cleaning to prevent moisture from affecting the metal.

15. Soldiers and sergeants armed with pistols clean and lubricate pistols under the guidance of the platoon commander (company sergeant major, battery). He determines the degree of disassembly of the gun, the correctness and quality of cleaning, gives permission for lubrication and assembly, and checks the correctness of lubrication and assembly.

16. In a barracks or camp setting, pistols are cleaned in specially designated places on tables equipped or adapted for this purpose, and in a combat or field situation - on mats, boards, plywood, etc., previously cleaned of dirt and dust.

17. To clean and lubricate the gun, use:

- liquid gun lubricant - for cleaning the gun and lubricating its parts and mechanisms at air temperatures from +5 to -50 ° C;
- gun lubricant - for lubricating the barrel bore, parts and mechanisms of the gun after cleaning them; this lubricant is used at air temperatures from +5° C and above;
- RChS solution (barrel cleaning solution) - for cleaning barrel bores and other parts of the pistol exposed to powder gases;
- rags or KV-22 paper for wiping, cleaning and lubricating the gun;
- tow (short flax fiber), cleared of kernels, - only for cleaning the bore.

To make it easier to clean grooves, cutouts and holes, you can use wooden sticks.

In field conditions, the pistol can be cleaned only with liquid gun lubricant.

Note: The RHS solution is prepared in the department in the following composition:
water suitable for drinking - 1 l;
ammonium carbonate - 200 g;
potassium dichromate (chrompic) - 3-5 g.
The solution is prepared in the amount necessary to clean the weapon within one day. A small amount of RFS solution can be stored for no more than 7 days in bottles, sealed with a stopper, in a dark place and away from heating devices. It is prohibited to pour RFC solution into oil cans.

18. Clean the gun in the following order.

1) Prepare cleaning materials and lubricants.

2) Inspect the accessory as specified in Art. 58 (Inspect the Wipe, Holster and Pistol Strap), and prepare it for use in cleaning.

3) Disassemble the gun.

4) Clean the bore. Pass tow or rags through the wiping slot; The thickness of the tow layer should be such that the wipe with tow is introduced into the barrel bore with a slight hand effort. Soak the tow with liquid gun lubricant. Introduce the rub into the bore from the muzzle. Place the pistol frame on the table and, holding it with your left hand, smoothly move the wipe along the entire length of the barrel several times with your right hand. Change the tow and repeat the cleaning again. Rub thoroughly. Wipe the bore dry first with tow and then with a clean, dry rag.

Inspect the rags; If traces of soot or rust are noticeable on the rags, wipe the barrel bore again with tow soaked in liquid gun lubricant, and then with dry tow or rags. Repeat cleaning the bore until the rag removed from the bore is clean. Clean the chamber in the same way. The chamber must be cleaned only from the breech by rotating the wiper with tow (rags) pressed against the ledge of the chamber.

Cleaning with the RFS solution is carried out in the same order as with liquid gun lubricant, and continues until carbon deposits are completely removed and tombaked, i.e., until a brush or tow moistened with the solution comes out of the barrel bore without signs of carbon deposits or greenery. After this, wipe the bore with dry tow or a rag.

The next day, check the quality of the cleaning performed and, if carbon deposits are found on it when wiping the barrel bore with a clean rag, clean again in the same order. After cleaning the rifled part of the bore, clean the chamber in the same manner.

Carefully inspect the bore and chamber against the light. When inspecting, pay special attention to the chamber and the corners of the rifling, in which no dirt or carbon deposits should remain.

5) Clean the pistol frame with barrel and trigger guard. Wipe the parts dry with a rag until dirt and moisture are completely removed. Remove rust with tow or rags soaked in liquid gun lubricant.

6) Clean the bolt, return spring, bolt stop and parts of the trigger mechanism. If the pistol is cleaned after shooting, then clean the bolt cup with tow or rags soaked in liquid gun lubricant or RFC solution until the carbon deposits are completely removed. After cleaning, wipe it dry. If the pistol has not been fired and there is no carbon deposits or rust on the bolt cup, then wipe it with a dry cloth.

Wipe the remaining metal parts and mechanisms dry with a rag until dirt and moisture are completely removed, using wooden sticks for this.

7) Wipe the handle with a dry rag or tow.

8) Clean out the store. The magazine is cleaned after training and training in assembled form, and after shooting, the pistol is exposed to the rain and is heavily soiled - in disassembled form. After outfits and activities, wipe the store dry with a rag until dirt and moisture are completely removed. After firing, remove carbon deposits from the feeder with tow or rags soaked in liquid gun lubricant or RSF solution. After cleaning, wipe the feeder dry.

9) Wipe the holster with a dry cloth both from the inside and outside until dirt and moisture are completely removed.

10) Wipe the wipe dry.

19. Lubricate the gun in the following order.

1) Lubricate the bore. Pass a rag through the wiping slot. Soak a rag with lubricant. Introduce the rub into the barrel bore from the muzzle and smoothly move it two or three times along the entire length of the barrel bore to evenly cover the rifling and bore margins with a thin layer of lubricant. Lubricate the chamber from the breech by rotating and wiping with a rag.

2) Lubricate the remaining metal parts and mechanisms of the gun. Lubricate the outer surfaces using an oiled rag. To lubricate channels, sockets and holes, use an oiled rag wound on a wooden stick. Apply the lubricant in a thin, even layer. Excessive lubrication on gun parts will cause contamination and may cause gun malfunction.

Do not lubricate the holster, but only wipe it dry with a rag and dry it.

3) Lubricate the wipe.

4) After lubrication is completed, assemble the gun, inspect it, check the correct assembly and operation of the parts and mechanisms of the gun.

20. A gun brought from a frost into a warm room cannot be lubricated until it “sweats”; when drops of water appear, without waiting for the moisture to dry, wipe the parts and mechanisms of the gun dry and lubricate them.

21. A pistol handed over for long-term storage must be thoroughly cleaned, the barrel bore and trigger mechanism lubricated with liquid gun lubricant, wrapped in one sheet (layer) of inhibited paper and two sheets (layers) of paraffin paper and sealed in a cardboard box.

22. Lubricate the parts and mechanisms of the gun at an outside temperature of +5° C and below only with liquid gun lubricant.

Purpose and structure of pistol parts and mechanisms

23. Frame with barrel and trigger guard (Fig. 25).

Rice. 25. Frame with barrel and trigger guard:
a - left side; b - right side; 1 - base of the handle; 2 - trunk; 3 - stand for attaching the barrel; 4 - window for placing the trigger and the ridge of the trigger guard; 5 - trunnion sockets for trigger trunnions; 6 - curved groove for placement and movement of the front axle of the trigger rod; 7 - trunnion sockets for the trigger and sear trunnions; 8 - grooves for directing the movement of the shutter; 9 - window for mainspring feathers; 10 - cutout for the bolt stop; // - boss with a threaded hole for fastening the handle with a screw and the mainspring with a bolt; 12 - cutout for magazine latch; 13 - boss with a socket for attaching the trigger guard; 14 - side windows; !5 - trigger guard; 16 - ridge to limit the movement of the shutter back; 17 - window for exiting the upper part of the store

The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to communicate to the bullet rotational movement. The spaces between the cuts are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) determines the caliber of the bore; it is equal to 9 mm. From the breech, the bore is smooth and of larger diameter; it serves to house the cartridge and is called the chamber. The chamber has a ledge.

On the breech of the barrel there is a boss for attaching the barrel to the frame post and a hole for the barrel pin. There is a bevel on the boss and at the bottom of the chamber to guide the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber.

The outer surface of the trunk is smooth. A return spring is placed on the barrel. The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin. The frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.

In the front part of the frame there is: on top - a stand for attaching the barrel, on the bottom - a window for placing the trigger and the ridge of the trigger guard. On the side walls of this window there are trunnion sockets for the trigger trunnions. The frame stand has: in the upper part there is a hole in which the barrel is fixed; below there is a window for placing the trigger head; on the right is a curved groove for the placement and movement of the front axle of the trigger rod.

In the rear part, the frame has: on top, protrusions with trunnion sockets for the trigger and sear trunnions and with grooves for directing the movement of the shutter (trunnion sockets for the trigger trunnions and the right trunnion socket for the sear trunnion have slots); Below is a window for the mainspring feathers.

In the middle part of the frame there is a window for the exit of the upper part of the magazine and a cutout on the left wall for the bolt stop.

Note: Some pistols have holes drilled into the frame to reduce weight.

The base of the handle is used to attach the handle, the mainspring and to house the magazine. It has side windows (right and left) to reduce the weight of the pistol; lower window for inserting a magazine; on the rear wall there is a boss with a threaded hole for fastening the mainspring using a bolt and a handle using a screw; at the bottom there is a cutout for the magazine latch; in the front wall there is a boss with a socket for attaching the trigger guard to the frame using an axis.

The trigger guard serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it. It has a ridge (tide) at the front end to limit the shutter stroke when moving backwards. The trigger guard is held in the frame in the upper position by a spring and a bend located in a socket on the front wall of the base of the handle.

24. The bolt (Fig. 26) serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, lock the barrel bore when firing, hold the cartridge case (remove the cartridge) and cock the hammer.

Rice. 26. Shutter:
a - left side; b - bottom view; 1 - front sight; 2 - rear sight; 3-window for ejecting the cartridge case; 4-socket for fuse; 5 - notch; 6 - channel for placing a barrel with a spring; 7 - longitudinal projections to guide the movement of the shutter along the frame; 8 - tooth for setting the bolt to the bolt stop; 9-groove for reflector; 10 - groove for the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 11 - recess for disconnecting the sear from the cocking lever; 12 - rammer; 13- protrusion for separating the cocking lever from the sear; 14 - recess for placing the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 15 - groove for the trigger; 16 - comb.

On the outside the bolt has: a front sight for aiming; transverse groove for rear sight; a notch between the front sight and the rear sight to prevent the surface of the bolt from reflecting when aiming; on the right side there is a window for ejecting the cartridge case; ejector groove; socket for a bender with an ejector spring; on the left side there is a socket for the fuse and two recesses for the fuse lock: the upper one for the “safety” flag position and the lower one for the “fire” flag position; next to the upper recess there is a red circle, which opens when the flag is placed in the “fire” position and closes with the flag when the fuse is turned on; there is a notch on both sides for easy release of the shutter by hand; at the rear end of the bolt there is a groove for the trigger to pass through.

Inside the bolt has: a channel for placing the barrel with a return spring; longitudinal projections to guide the movement of the shutter along the frame; tooth for setting the bolt to the bolt stop; crest; groove for reflector; groove for the release protrusion of the cocking lever; a cup for placing the bottom of the sleeve; rammer for sending a cartridge from the magazine to the chamber; protrusion for separating the cocking lever from the sear; a recess for placing the release protrusion of the cocking lever when the trigger is pressed; on the right side of the bolt ridge there is a recess designed to disconnect the sear from the cocking lever when removing the bolt from the bolt stop with the trigger pressed; channel for placing the striker.

The firing pin (Fig. 27) serves to break the primer. It has: in the front part there is a firing pin, in the rear part there is a cut for the fuse, which holds the firing pin in the bolt channel.

Rice. 27. Drummer:
1 - striker; 2 - cut for fuse

The striker is made triangular in order to reduce its weight and reduce friction surfaces.

The ejector (Fig. 28) serves to hold the cartridge case (cartridge) in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector. It has a hook that slides into the annular groove of the sleeve and holds the sleeve (cartridge) in the bolt cup, and a heel for connecting to the bolt; At the rear of the ejector heel there is a ledge for placing the compression head. In the rear part of the ejector there is a recess for convenient recessing of the bend with a rubbing lip when separating the ejector from the bolt. The ejector is inserted into a groove in the bolt.

Rice. 28. Ejector:
1 - hook; 2 - heel for connecting to the bolt; 3 - oppression; 4 - ejector spring

The oppression in the head part is thickened. The front end of the ejector spring, which is put on the rear part of the bend (smaller diameter), rests against the thickened part. The pulley with the ejector spring is inserted into the socket in the bolt. Under the action of the spring, the ejector hook is always inclined towards the bolt cup.

The fuse (Fig. 29) serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol. It has: a flag for moving the safety from the “fire” position to the “safety” position and back; a latch for holding the fuse in its assigned position; an axis on which a ledge with a shelf is made to rotate the sear and release the hammer from cocking when the safety is moved to the “safety” position; a rib for locking the bolt with the frame when the safety is set to the “safety” position; hook for locking the trigger in the "safety" position; a protrusion to absorb the impact of the trigger when the safety is engaged.

Rice. 29. Fuse:
1 - fuse box; 2 - clamp; 3 - ledge; 4 - rib; 5 - hook; 6 - protrusion

The fuse is inserted into the shutter socket. The rear sight together with the front sight serves for aiming. With its base it is inserted into the transverse groove of the shutter.

25. The return spring (Fig. 30) serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing. The outermost coil of one end of the spring has a smaller diameter compared to the other coils. With this coil, the spring is put on the barrel during assembly to ensure that it is securely held on the barrel when disassembling the pistol. The spring, put on the barrel, is placed with it in the bolt channel.

Rice. 30. Return spring

26. The trigger mechanism (Fig. 31) consists of a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring and a mainspring slide.

Rice. 31. Parts of the firing mechanism:
1 - trigger; 2 - sear with a spring; 3 - trigger rod with cocking lever; 4 - mainspring; 5 - trigger; 6 - mainspring valve

The trigger (Fig. 32) is used to strike the firing pin. It has: a head with a notch on top for cocking the hammer by hand; on the front plane there is a cutout to ensure free movement of the trigger when it is released from cocking; recess for catching the fuse; at the base of the trigger there are two ledges: the upper one is a safety cocking, the lower one is a combat cocking; on the sides there are trunnions on which the trigger rotates in the trunnion sockets of the frame, and arched recesses to reduce weight; on the right is a self-cocking tooth for cocking the hammer using the cocking lever; on the left is a protrusion for locking the trigger with a safety lock; below there is a recess for the wide feather of the mainspring; On the right side of the lower part of the base of the hammer there is an annular recess for placing the heel of the cocking lever.

Rice. 32. Trigger:
a - left side; b - right side; 1 - head with a notch; 2 - cutout; 3 - recess; 4-safety platoon; 5 - combat platoon; 6 - trunnions; 7 - self-cocking tooth; 8 - protrusion; 9 - recess; 10 - ring recess

The trigger pins have flats for free separation of the trigger from the frame.

The sear (Fig. 33) serves to hold the hammer in combat and safety cock. It has: a spout for engaging the trigger ledges; axles on which the sear rotates in the axle sockets of the frame; on the left is a tooth for lifting the sear with the shelf of the fuse ledge when moving the fuse to the “safety” position; on the right is a protrusion on which the cocking lever acts when the trigger is pulled.

Rice. 33. Sear:
1-axle sear; 2-tooth; 3-protrusion; 4-spout whispered; 5-sear spring; 6-rack whispered.

There is a spring on the left sear pin. The connection between the sear spring and the sear is made detachable - the end of the spring fits into a special hole in the sear stand. The free end of the spring is bent in the form of a hook for connection with the bolt stop. The spring presses the nose of the sear to the trigger. The sear journals have flats for free separation of the sear from the frame.

The trigger rod with the cocking lever (Fig. 34.) is used to release the hammer from cocking and cock the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger.

Rice. 34. Trigger rod with cocking lever:
1 - trigger rod; 2 - cocking lever; 3 - trigger rod trunnions; 4 - release protrusion of the cocking lever; 5 - cutout; 6 - self-cocking protrusion; 7 - cocking lever heel

The trigger rod has pins at the ends. The front pin connects to the trigger, and the rear pin connects to the cocking lever.

The cocking lever has: a release protrusion, with the help of which it disengages from the sear when the bolt moves backward; cutout for sear protrusion; self-cocking protrusion, which cocks the hammer when you press the tail of the trigger; the heel on which the narrow feather of the mainspring rests. The heel of the cocking lever is placed in the annular recess of the trigger.

The trigger (Fig. 35) is used to release the hammer from combat cocking and cock the hammer when firing by self-cocking. It has: trunnions that fit into the trunnion sockets of the frame; a hole for connecting to the trigger rod and a tail.

Rice. 35. Trigger:
1 - axle; 2 - hole; 3 - tail

The trigger head is inserted into the window of the frame stand.

The mainspring (Fig. 36) serves to actuate the hammer, cocking lever and trigger rod. It has: a wide feather for operating the trigger; a narrow feather for acting on the cocking lever and trigger rod; in the middle part there is a hole for putting the spring on the boss with a threaded hole in the base of the handle.

Rice. 36. Mainspring:
1-wide feather; 2 - narrow feather; 3 - bumper end: 4 - hole; 5 - latch

The lower end of the mainspring is the magazine latch. The end of the wide feather of the mainspring is curved to provide a “release” of the hammer, i.e., to put the hammer on the safety cock in the lowered position. The mainspring is secured to the base of the handle with a bolt.

27. The handle with a screw (Fig. 37) covers the side windows and the rear wall of the base of the handle and serves to make it easier to hold the pistol in your hand. It has: a hole for the screw that secures the handle to the base of the handle; swivel for attaching a pistol strap; grooves for freely sliding the handle onto the base of the handle; in the back wall there is a recess for the magazine latch. In the hole for the screw there is a metal sleeve, which is designed to stop the screw head from being unscrewed arbitrarily. The handle is made of plastic.

Rice. 37. Handle with screw:
1-swivel; 2 - grooves; 3 - hole; 4 - screw

The handle screw is used to secure the handle and latch to the base of the handle. It has a head and a threaded part.

28. The bolt stop (Fig. 38) holds the bolt in the rear position after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up.

Rice. 38. Shutter stop:
1 - protrusion; 2 - button with a notch; 3 - hole; 4 - reflector

It has: in the front part - a protrusion for holding the shutter in the rear position; a knurled button to release the shutter by pressing your hand; in the rear part there is a hole for connecting to the left sear pin; in the upper part there is a reflector for reflecting cartridge cases (cartridges) outward through the window in the bolt.

The front part of the slide stop is inserted into a cutout in the left wall of the frame.

29. The magazine (Fig. 39) holds eight rounds. It consists of a body, a feeder, a feeder spring and a cover.

Rice. 39. Store:
1- store building; 2 - feeder; 3 - feeder spring; 4 - magazine cover

The magazine body (Fig. 40) connects all parts of the magazine. The upper edges of the side walls of the case are bent inward to hold the cartridges and feeder, as well as to guide the cartridges as they are fed into the chamber by the bolt.

It has: windows in the side walls to reduce the weight of the magazine and to determine the number of cartridges in the magazine; at the bottom there are curved ribs for the magazine cover, a protrusion for the magazine latch, a cutout for free passage of the left wall of the magazine cover, a groove for the passage of the feeder tooth.

Rice. 40. Magazine body:
1 - window; 2 - curved rib; 3 - protrusion; 4 - cutout; 5 - gutter

The magazine is inserted into the base of the handle through the lower window.

The feeder (Fig. 41) is used to feed cartridges. It has two bent ends that direct its movement in the magazine body. On one of the bent ends of the feeder on the left side there is a tooth for turning on the bolt stop when all the cartridges from the magazine are used up.

Rice. 41. Feeder: 1 - bent ends; 2 - tooth

The feeder spring (Fig. 42) is used to feed the feeder with cartridges upward when firing. The lower end of the spring is bent to lock the magazine cover.

Rice. 42. Feeder spring

The magazine cover (Fig. 43) has a hole for the bent (lower) end of the feed spring and grooves with which it fits onto the curved ribs of the magazine body.

Rice. 43. Magazine cover: 1 - hole; 2 - grooves

Purpose and device of the pistol accessory

30. Pistol accessories include (Fig. 44): holster, wiper, spare magazine, pistol strap.

b - spare magazine;

g - pistol strap: 1 - belt; 2 - carabiner: 3 - loop" rel="lightbox">
Rice. 44. Pistol accessory:
a-holster: 1-body; 2 - cover; 3 - pocket for a spare magazine; 4-front wear loop; 5-back wear loop; 6-clasp; 7-loops for wiping; 8 - internal auxiliary strap;
b - spare magazine;
c - wiping: 1 - blade: 2 - wiping slot; 3 - protrusion;
g - pistol strap: 1 - belt; 2 - fastener: 3 - loop

The holster is used to carry and store the pistol, spare magazine and cleaning. The holster consists of a body, a cover, a spare magazine pocket, front and rear carry loops, a clasp, cleaning loops and an internal accessory strap.

The wiper is used to disassemble, reassemble, clean and lubricate the gun. The rubbing has: at one end - a protrusion for removing and installing the hook of the sear spring and for recessing the oppression when separating the ejector; a slot for threading tow or rags into it; on the other there is a ring to hold the wipe while cleaning. At the junction of the ring there is a blade for unscrewing and screwing in the handle screw when disassembling and assembling the pistol.

The pistol strap secures the pistol to the waist (trouser) belt. It consists of a belt, a carabiner and a loop for a waist (trouser) belt.

Chuck device

31. A 9-mm pistol cartridge () (Fig. 45) consists of a cartridge case, a primer, a powder charge, and a bullet.

Rice. 45. Common type of 9-mm pistol cartridge and its design:
1 - sleeve; 2 - capsule; 3 - powder charge; 4 - bullet; 5 - bimetallic (clad) shell; 6 - steel core; 7 -- lead shirt

The sleeve serves to place the powder charge and connect all parts of the cartridge; during a shot, it prevents the breakthrough of gases from the barrel bore through the chamber.

At the bottom of the sleeve there are: a slot for a primer; an anvil on which the primer is struck; two seed holes through which flames from the percussion composition of the primer penetrate to the powder charge. Outside, at the bottom of the sleeve, there is an annular groove for hooking the ejector.

The charge consists of smokeless pyroxylin powder.

The bullet consists of a bimetallic (clad) shell into which a steel core is pressed. There is a lead jacket between the bullet and the steel core.

32. Cartridges for loading the pistol are loaded into an 8-round magazine. The magazine is loaded by inserting and retracting the cartridges by hand.

33. The cartridges are sealed in standard wooden cartridge boxes of 2560 pcs. in everyone. Each box contains two rolled-up iron or sealed galvanized boxes, in which cartridges are placed in cardboard packs, 16 cartridges per pack. One iron box holds 80 cardboard packs.

On the side walls of the wooden boxes there are inscriptions indicating the nomenclature of the cartridges placed in these boxes: the batch number of the cartridges, the month and year of manufacture of the cartridges and gunpowder, the manufacturing plant, the brand and batch of gunpowder, the number of cartridges in the box. The weight of one box of cartridges is about 33 kg.

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms.

Position of pistol parts and mechanisms before loading

34. The parts and mechanisms of the pistol are in the following position before loading.

The trigger, under the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, is lowered and rests with its front plane against the fuse protrusion so that it cannot move forward.

The sear is raised upward by the shelf of the ledge on the safety axis and is held in this position so that there is a small gap between the safety cocking of the hammer and the nose of the sear.

The magazine is inserted into the base of the handle. The feeder is at the top and rests against the ridge of the bolt. The feed tooth presses on the bolt stop.

The fuse box is in the “safety” position. In this case, the fuse protrusion is lowered down and comes into contact with the front plane of the trigger; the ledge shelf on the fuse axis, by acting on the sear tooth, lifts the sear up and holds it in this position; the safety hook enters the trigger recess and, resting against its protrusion, locks the trigger in the “safety” position so that it cannot be cocked; the fuse rib extends beyond the left protrusion of the frame and locks the bolt with the frame.

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms during loading

35. To load the pistol you need:

- equip the magazine with cartridges;
- insert the magazine into the base of the handle;
- turn off the fuse (turn the flag down);
- move the shutter to the rearmost position and release it sharply.

When the shutter is pulled back, the following happens.

The magazine feeder, under the action of the feeder spring, lifts the cartridges up so that the upper cartridge becomes in front of the bolt rammer.

When the bolt reaches its extreme forward position and sends the cartridge into the chamber, the ejector hook slides into the annular groove of the sleeve.

The trigger is cocked. The pistol is ready to fire (Fig. 46).

Rice. 46. Position of parts and mechanisms of the pistol before firing:
1-shutter; 2- ejector; 3 - return spring; 4- trigger; 5 - trigger rod; 6 - store; 7 - mainspring; 8 - sear with a spring; 9 - cocking lever; 10 - trigger

Operation of parts and mechanisms of a loaded pistol when the safety is turned on

36. If it is not necessary to fire a shot, then, without releasing the trigger, you should turn on the safety by turning its flag up all the way so that the red circle is covered by the safety flag.

If you turn off the safety in this position, the hammer, thanks to the release, automatically becomes safety cocked. In this case, the pistol is ready to immediately open fire by self-cocking. The safety of handling the pistol in case of accidental impacts is ensured by automatically setting the trigger to the safety cock.

If the trigger is released not by the safety catch, but manually, that is, by pressing the tail of the trigger with the index finger of the right hand while holding the head of the trigger with the thumb of the same hand, then the trigger, after releasing the trigger, also automatically (thanks to the “release”) goes to safety platoon.
Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when fired

37. To fire a shot, you must turn off the safety, cock the hammer and press the tail of the trigger with your finger.

When the safety is turned off and the hammer is cocked, the operation of the parts and mechanisms of the pistol occurs as described in (Operation of the parts and mechanisms of the pistol during loading)

The trigger is released from the sear and, under the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, sharply turns forward on the trunnions and hits the firing pin.

The firing pin moves forward energetically and breaks the cartridge primer with its striker; a shot occurs.

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms after a shot

38. The bolt moves back along with the cartridge due to the pressure of the powder gases on the bottom of the cartridge case. At the beginning of the backward movement (at a length of 3-5 mm)

The bolt with its protrusion displaces the release protrusion of the cocking lever to the right, thereby disengaging it from the sear (disconnection occurs).

With further movement of the bolt back, the release protrusion of the cocking lever slides along the groove of the bolt; The cartridge case, held by the ejector in the bolt cup, hits the reflector and is thrown out through a window in the bolt wall.

The feeder feeds the next cartridge and places it in front of the bolt rammer.

The cocking lever rests on the sear (on the side), and the release ledge is located opposite the recess on the bolt. The pistol is ready for the next shot.

39. To fire the next shot, you must release the tail of the trigger and press it again.

When you press the tail of the trigger, the cocking lever raises the sear and again releases the hammer from the sear. The next shot occurs.

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when firing by self-cocking

40. If shooting is carried out without first cocking the hammer, then when you press the tail of the trigger, the hammer is cocked automatically (Fig. 47). In this case, the cocking lever, having engaged its self-cocking protrusion with the self-cocking tooth of the hammer, cocks the hammer. The trigger, without being cocked (since the sear at the moment of release is raised to the upper position by the protrusion of the cocking lever), breaks away from the self-cocking protrusion of the cocking lever and hits the firing pin; a shot occurs.

Rice. 47. Position of parts and mechanisms of the pistol before firing a self-cocking shot:
1 - shutter: 2 - ejector; 3 - return spring; 4 - trigger; 5-trigger pull; 6-store; 7-mainspring; 8-sear with spring; 9- cocking lever; 10-trigger

The operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when cartridges are consumed from the magazine

41. When all the cartridges from the magazine are used up, the magazine feeder lifts the front end of the bolt stop up with its tooth. The bolt, resting its tooth against the protrusion of the bolt stop, stops in the rear position.

The trigger is cocked.

The feeder spring has the least compression. The bolt remains in the rear position even after the magazine is removed from the base of the pistol grip, held by the bolt stop.

42. The bolt is released from the slide stop (with the magazine removed or inserted) by pressing the slide stop button with your finger.
Delays when firing a pistol and how to eliminate them

43. A pistol, when handled correctly, carefully maintained and preserved, is a reliable and trouble-free weapon.

Delays when firing a pistol and how to eliminate them

However, during prolonged operation due to wear of parts and mechanisms, and more often due to careless handling and inattentive maintenance, delays in shooting may occur.

44. To prevent delays when firing a pistol and ensure trouble-free operation of the pistol, you must:

- properly prepare the pistol for shooting;
- inspect, clean and lubricate the gun in a timely manner and in compliance with all rules; Take special care to ensure that the rubbing parts of the gun are clean and lubricated;
- repair the pistol in a timely manner;
- inspect the cartridges before shooting; Do not use faulty, rusty or dirty cartridges for shooting;
- during shooting and when moving, protect the pistol from contamination and impacts;
- if the pistol was in severe frost for a long time before firing, then before loading it, vigorously retract the bolt by hand several times and release it, and after each retraction and release of the bolt, release the trigger by pressing on the tail of the trigger.

45. If there is a delay during shooting, it must be eliminated by reloading the pistol. If recharging does not eliminate the delay, then it is necessary to find out the cause of the delay and eliminate it as indicated below.

Some causes of delay and solutions
Delays	Reason for delays	Ways to eliminate delays
1. Misfire. The bolt is in the forward position, the trigger is pulled, but the shot does not fire	1. The cartridge primer is faulty.	1. Reload the pistol and continue shooting.
	2. Thickening of the lubricant or contamination of the channel under the firing pin.	2. Inspect and clean the gun.
	3. The handle screw is not fully screwed in (in pistols without a mainspring bolt).	3. Screw in the handle screw until it stops.
	4. The output of the striker or nick on the striker is small	4. Send the gun to the workshop
2. Failure to cover the cartridge with the bolt. The shutter stopped before reaching the extreme forward position; the trigger cannot be pulled	1. Contamination of the chamber, frame grooves and bolt cup.	Push the bolt forward with a hand push and continue shooting. Inspect and clean the gun
	2. Difficult movement of the ejector due to contamination of the ejector spring or bender
3. Failure to feed or advance the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. The bolt is in the forward position, but there is no cartridge in the chamber; the bolt stopped in the middle position along with the cartridge, without sending it into the chamber	1. Contamination of the magazine and moving parts of the gun.	1. Reload the pistol and continue shooting. Clean the gun and magazine.
	2. Curvature of the upper edges of the magazine body	2. Replace the faulty magazine
4. Seizing (pinching) of the cartridge case by the bolt. The cartridge case was not thrown out through the window in the bolt and became wedged between the bolt and the breech end of the barrel	1. Contamination of the moving parts of the gun.	1. Throw away the stuck cartridge case and continue shooting.
	2. Malfunction of the ejector, its spring or reflector	2. If the ejector with spring or reflector malfunctions, send the gun to a workshop
5. Automatic shooting	1. Thickening of the lubricant or contamination of parts of the firing mechanism.	1. Inspect and clean the gun.
	2. Wear of the hammer cocking or sear nose.	2. Send the gun to the workshop.
	3. The sear spring is weakened or broken.	Same
	4. Touching the shelf of the fuse ledge of the sear tooth	Same

Inspection, preparation for shooting of a pistol and cartridges, care for them and their conservation

46. To determine the condition of the weapon, its serviceability and combat readiness, periodic inspections of pistols are carried out within the time limits established by the Internal Service Charter.

The pistol is inspected either assembled or disassembled. The degree of disassembly is determined before each inspection.

Simultaneously with the inspection of the pistol, the holster, spare magazine, wiper and pistol strap are inspected.

47. Every soldier armed with a pistol must inspect the pistol daily, before leaving for training, before firing, and during cleaning.

Before going to class and immediately before shooting, inspect the pistol in assembled form, and during cleaning - in disassembled and assembled form.

48. When inspecting the pistol daily, you must check:

- are there any rust, dirt, scratches, nicks or cracks on the metal parts; what condition is the lubricant in?
- whether the bolt, magazine, trigger mechanism, safety and bolt stop function properly;
- are the front and rear sights in good working order?
- whether the magazine is held at the base of the handle;
- Is the bore clean?

Malfunctions of the pistol must be corrected immediately; If they cannot be corrected in the unit, the pistol must be sent to a repair shop.

Typical malfunctions that cause abnormal pistol firing are as follows:

- the front sight is broken or bent - the bullets will deviate in the direction opposite to the movement of the top of the front sight;
- the rear sight is offset - bullets will deviate in the direction of the rear sight displacement;
- nicks on the muzzle of the barrel - bullets will deflect in the direction opposite to the nicks;
- fraying of the barrel bore (especially in the muzzle), wear (rounding) of the rifling fields, scratches and nicks in the bore, wobbling of the rear sight - all this increases the dispersion of bullets.

Inspection of the assembled pistol

49. When inspecting the assembled pistol, check:

1) Are there any rust deposits, scratches, nicks or cracks on the parts of the gun; Do the numbers on the bolt, safety and magazines match the numbers on the frame?

2) Are there any nicks on the front sight and in the rear sight slot that interfere with aiming; Is the rear sight firmly held in the bolt groove and does the mark on the rear sight coincide with the mark on the bolt.

3) Is the fuse easy to switch from one position to another and is it securely fixed in its extreme positions?

4) Does the trigger have a “release”: when the trigger is released and the trigger is pulled all the way back, the trigger head, when pressed with a finger, should move forward, and after stopping the pressure, it should vigorously return to its original position; when the trigger is released and the pressure on the trigger head stops, the hammer should be in the safety cocking position and in this position, under sufficiently strong hand pressure, should not break off the safety cocking and move forward.

5) Is the trigger guard securely held in the frame and is it set in an angled position to separate the bolt?

6) Is the handle screw tightened?

7) Is there any dirt, rust or other defects in the bore? To do this, you need to place the shutter on the slide stop and look into the barrel from the muzzle, inserting white paper into the shutter window.

8) Are the walls and upper edges of the magazine body bent and does the feeder move freely in the magazine?

9) Does the magazine (spare magazine) slide in and out of the grip base freely and is held securely by the magazine latch?

10) Are the parts and mechanisms of the gun working correctly? To check, you need to do the following work.

Place the safety catch in the “fire” position (lower down), pull the bolt back by hand until it stops and release it; The bolt, having moved slightly forward, should remain in the rear position under the action of the bolt stop. Press the shutter stop button; the bolt, under the action of the return spring, must vigorously return to the forward position, and the trigger must be cocked. Press the tail of the trigger; the trigger must be released from cocking and hit the firing pin.

Place the safety switch in the “fire” position and press the tail of the trigger; in this case, the hammer must be cocked and, without being cocked, strike the firing pin.

If there are spring scales, check the hammer release force. The hammer must be released from a trigger force of at least 1.5 kg and no more than 3.5 kg.

11) Is the trigger blocked by the fuse protrusion when the fuse is turned before the sear begins to rise? Perform the check as follows.

Move the safety switch to the "fire" position. Put the trigger on cock. Holding the pistol in your right hand with the barrel down and observing the sear through the groove in the bolt, slowly move the safety lever up with the thumb of your right hand until the sear begins to rise. Having thus determined the position of the fuse at the moment the sear begins to rise (i.e., at the moment the shelf of the ledge of the fuse touches the tooth of the sear), holding the trigger with the thumb of your right hand, press the trigger with your index finger and, without releasing it, slowly bring the trigger to the forward position . In this case, the trigger must rest against the protrusion of the fuse, i.e., be blocked by the fuse (Fig. 48), as a result of which the shot does not occur.

Rice. 48. Scheme for blocking the trigger with the fuse protrusion:
1 - sear tooth; 2 - fuse ledge shelf; 3 - fuse protrusion

Inspection of the pistol in disassembled form

50. When the pistol is disassembled, each part and mechanism is examined in detail separately in order to check whether there is any chipped metal, torn threads, scratches and nicks, bents, rashes, rust and contamination, and whether all parts have the same numbers.

51. When inspecting the frame with the barrel and trigger guard, pay special attention to the condition of the barrel bore.

Inspect the bore from the muzzle and breech. At the same time, check the cleanliness of the bore, chamber and serviceability of the breech section of the barrel. Barrels can be with chrome-plated or non-chrome-plated bore and chamber.

When examining a non-chromed bore, the following disadvantages may be observed.

A rash is the primary damage to metal by rust. The rash looks like dots and specks, located locally or over the entire surface of the bore.

Rust is a dark coating on metal. Rust, invisible to the eye, can be detected by wiping the bore with a clean rag, on which rust leaves yellowish stains.

Rust marks are dark, shallow stains that remain after rust has been removed.

Sinks are significant depressions in the metal caused by prolonged exposure to rust. It is prohibited to delete them in the department.

Scratches are dashes, sometimes with a noticeable rise of metal along the edges. Removing scratches in the bore is not allowed.

Nicks are more or less significant depressions, sometimes with metal rising.

When determining the quality condition of chrome-plated barrels, follow the Instructions for the Categorization of Artillery Weapons.

52. When inspecting the bolt with ejector, firing pin and fuse, pay special attention to the condition of the internal grooves, sockets and protrusions, which should not be dirty and should not have nicks. Check whether the firing pin moves freely in the bolt channel, whether the ejector is vigorously pressed against the bolt cup, and whether the ejector hook and the firing pin are not crushed.

When inspecting the fuse, check whether the latch is recessed, whether there are large bruises on the hook for locking the trigger, whether the pin is worn, and whether the rib of the fuse is worn.

53. When inspecting the return spring, check whether there are burrs, rust, bends, dirt or breaks on it, and whether it is firmly held on the barrel.

54. When inspecting parts of the trigger mechanism, pay special attention to the serviceability of the hammer, sear, and trigger rod with the cocking lever. When inspecting the trigger rod, check for significant wear on the release lug of the cocking lever; The cocking lever must rotate without jamming on the trigger rod pin. Check for any crumbling and wear of the combat and safety cocking of the hammer, stretching of the sear spring and wear of its nose. The mainspring feathers must not be broken.

55. When inspecting the handle with the screw, check for cracks and chips, for stripped threads on the screw, for dirty grooves and recesses, and for dirt in the metal bushing for the screw.

56. When inspecting the bolt stop, make sure it is in good condition. The bolt stop must not be bent or broken. Check if there is any chipped metal on the reflector.

57. When inspecting the magazine, pay special attention to the serviceability of the feed tooth and the protrusion for the magazine latch; check that the top edges of the magazine body are not bent.

Inspection of the wipe, holster and pistol strap

58. When inspecting, check whether the rubbing is not bent, whether there are nicks or scratches on it. There should be no chipped metal on the blade. The rubbing protrusion must not be bent.

When inspecting the holster, check for tears or broken seams, the presence of loops, a clasp and an auxiliary strap. Check the condition of the pistol strap.

Inspection of live ammunition

59. Inspection of live ammunition is carried out in order to detect malfunctions that could lead to delays in firing the pistol.

Cartridges are inspected before shooting, when joining a squad, and by special order.

60. When inspecting cartridges, you need to check:

Are there any rust and green deposits on the cartridges, especially on the primer, bruises or scratches that prevent the cartridge from entering the chamber; whether the bullet is pulled out of the case by hand and whether the primer protrudes above the surface of the bottom of the case; cartridges with the indicated defects must be selected and returned,

Are there any training cartridges among the combat cartridges?
If the cartridges become dusty or dirty, covered with a slight green coating or rust, they must be wiped with a dry, clean rag.

Preparing the pistol for shooting

61. Preparing a pistol for shooting is carried out in order to ensure trouble-free operation of the pistol during shooting and maintain its normal firing. To do this you need:

- inspect the pistol disassembled in accordance with Art. 50-57; (Inspection of the pistol in disassembled form)
- inspect the assembled pistol in accordance with Art. 49; (Inspection of the assembled pistol)
- inspect the cartridges as specified in Art. 59 and 60; (Inspection of live ammunition)
- equip the magazine with cartridges, as specified in Art. 86; (See the section "Rules of shooting" - "Rules and techniques of shooting from a PM pistol" - "Preparing for shooting")
- immediately before shooting, clean and wipe the barrel bore dry.

Storing a pistol and ammunition

62. The pistol must always be in good condition. Storage of the pistol and accessories is entrusted to the soldier armed with the pistol, who is obliged to handle the pistol carefully and inspect it daily.

63. In barracks and camp settings, pistols are stored unloaded and removed from holsters in cabinets or boxes with nests in accordance with the Internal Service Charter. Spare magazines are stored in slots next to the pistols.

64. When staying in a populated area for a short time in apartments, keep the pistol with you.

65. During field training, on a hike, when traveling by rail and by car, carry the pistol in a holster on a belt, which must be firmly fastened and properly adjusted so that the holster does not hit hard objects.

66. To prevent swelling or rupture of the barrel when shooting, it is prohibited to plug or cover the barrel bore with anything.

67. In all cases not related to shooting, the safety box must be in the “safety” position. When setting the fuse to the “fire” or “safety” position, the fuse box must be placed in the lowest or highest position.

68. If, if necessary, the pistol will be placed in a damp holster, then at the first opportunity, remove the pistol from the holster, wipe, clean, lubricate it and dry the holster.

69. In hot areas with dust in the air, as well as in coastal areas with high air humidity, store the gun according to special instructions.

70. Cartridges should be stored in a dry place and, if possible, protected from sunlight; when handling them, avoid damage, protect them from shock, moisture, dirt, etc.

Checking the pistol's combat and bringing it to normal combat

71. All pistols must be brought to normal combat.

Checking the pistol's engagement is carried out:

- when the pistol arrives at the unit;
- after repairing or replacing parts of the pistol that may affect its operation;
- when abnormal deviations of bullets are detected during shooting.

In a combat situation, each commander is obliged to use every opportunity to periodically check the firing of pistols.
Checking the combat and bringing the pistol to normal combat

72. Pistol firing is checked by officers or excellent shooters in the presence of military personnel to whom pistols are assigned. Senior commanders up to and including the unit commander are required to ensure that the rules for checking the combat of pistols are strictly observed and that they are brought to normal combat.

73. Before checking the combat, pistols are carefully inspected and any defects found are corrected. During the inspection, a weapons technician (master) with the necessary tools must be present.

74. The combat test is carried out in favorable conditions: in clear weather with no wind or in a closed shooting range, or in a shooting range protected from the wind.

The pistol's combat is checked by shooting at 25 m with cartridges from the same batch.

75. Shooting is carried out at a black circle with a diameter of 25 cm, mounted on a shield 1 m high and 0.5 m wide.

The aiming point is the middle of the lower edge of the black circle or the center of the circle. The aiming point should be approximately at the height of the shooter's eyes.

76. Checking the firing of a pistol is carried out from a standing position with your hand or from a support (turf, a bag filled with sawdust) placed on some local object or stand.

When shooting from a rest, the hand with the pistol should be suspended and not touch the rest.

77. To check the pistol's engagement, the sighter fires four shots in a row, aiming carefully and uniformly. At the end of the shooting, the shield is inspected and the accuracy of the pistol’s firing and the position of the midpoint of impact are determined by the location of the holes.

78. The accuracy of a pistol's firing is considered normal if all four holes (at least three, if one of the holes deviates sharply from the rest) fit into a circle (dimension) with a diameter of 15 cm.

79. To determine the average point of impact for four holes, you need to connect any two holes with a straight line and divide the distance between them in half; connect the resulting division point with the third hole and divide the distance between them into three equal parts; connect the division point closest to the first two holes with the fourth hole and divide the distance between them into four equal parts. The point located three divisions from the fourth hole will be the midpoint of the hit (Fig. 49).

Rice. 49. Determination of the average point of impact based on four holes

With a symmetrical arrangement of holes, the average point of impact can be determined in the following way:

a) connect adjacent holes in pairs, connect the midpoints of both straight lines again and divide the resulting line in half; the division point will be the middle point of impact (Fig. 50);

Rice. 50. Determination of the average point of impact using four symmetrically located holes

b) connect the holes in pairs crosswise with straight lines; the point of intersection of these lines will be the midpoint of the hit (Fig. 51).

Rice. 51. Determination of the average point of impact using four symmetrically located holes

Rice. 52. Determination of the average point of impact using three holes

80. Having determined the average point of impact, the commander measures the magnitude of its deviation from the control point. The midpoint of impact should not deviate more than 5 cm from the control point in any direction. If the average point of impact deviates from the control point by more than 5 cm, then the pistol is handed over to the weapons technician (master) for appropriate movement or replacement of the rear sight; the rear sight is replaced with a lower (high) one if the midpoint of impact is above (below) the control point; The rear sight moves to the left (right) if the middle point of impact is to the right (left) of the control point.

Increasing (decreasing) the height of the rear sight or moving it to the right (left) by 1 mm changes the position of the average point of impact in the corresponding direction by 19 cm.

Note: It is prohibited to file down the front sight of the pistol.

81. Bringing a pistol to normal combat is considered complete when the pistol, both in terms of accuracy and in relation to the position of the midpoint of impact, satisfies the requirements of normal combat.

After bringing the pistol to normal combat, the rear sight is secured with a core; The old mark on the rear sight is cleared, and a new mark is stamped in its place.

Note. It is prohibited to clean the marks on the shutter wall.

Debugging PM

Evgeny Efimov, master of sports of the USSR

Ordinary weapons produced in large volumes must meet certain tactical and technical requirements and at the same time have a low cost. In production domestic pistols a combination of these conditions was successfully achieved. For example, the list of wholesale prices in 1985 provides the following figures characterizing the cost of domestic pistols: 7.62 mm TT - 13.3 rubles, 7.62 mm Nagan - 21.5 rubles, 9 mm APS - 69 rub., 5.45 mm PSM - 170 rub., 9 mm Makarov pistol - 42 rub.

It is clear that when costs are reduced, the first thing that suffers is the quality of surface treatment of parts and their fit during assembly. This is the reason for the operational shortcomings, which primarily affect the operation of the trigger mechanism of the pistol.

Often, due to a rough, stepped descent and failure of the trigger when the trigger is pulled, angular deviations of the weapon from the aiming position occur until the bullet leaves the barrel. Therefore, novice shooters have difficulty hitting the chest target, and professionals are often dissatisfied with the accuracy of shooting and frequent breaks.

However, with appropriate modification, an ordinary PM becomes a high-precision (for its class) weapon.

I would like to immediately warn you that all work on debugging the PM should not be carried out if there is no clear understanding of the operation of the kinematic scheme of the trigger and practical experience and weapons debugging skills. The result of inept actions may be a malfunction of the mechanism, which will ultimately lead to damage to the weapon with all the ensuing consequences.

You need to start by choosing a pistol that gives good accuracy of fire, regardless of gaps. Accuracy is determined by the quality of the barrel, and a good barrel is sometimes discovered after shooting more than a dozen pistols. If the barrel is bad, debugging the trigger does not make much sense, since the shooting results will not improve qualitatively.

To fully debug the trigger, it is necessary to eliminate the stepped working stroke of the trigger, the failure of the trigger when the trigger is pulled off, and adjust the trigger force. The listed disadvantages are common to many pistols.

Parts of the trigger mechanism of the Makarov pistol: 1 - trigger rod, 2 - sear, 3 - trigger.

Before starting plumbing work, it is necessary to carry out complete disassembly (preferably several times) and visual inspection of all parts under a magnifying glass. There should be no nicks, nicks, dents or burrs on the parts. At high magnification, it is clearly visible that on almost all surfaces of the parts, in addition to deep marks from the cutter, there are tiny metal shavings, which are not completely removed during factory assembly and are firmly held in place by gun lubricant.

All this dirt must be removed. Parts must be clean and dry. Next, you need to check the smoothness and ease of rotation of the sear, bolt stop, trigger, trigger and cocking lever. If there are jams, identify the cause and eliminate it by polishing the rubbing surfaces.

After completing the preparatory operations, you can begin debugging the trigger.

1. Grind the upper surface of the combat platoon (Ill. 1a) with a file (in the direction of the arrow) until it is aligned with the upper plane of the sear, paying attention to the parallelism of the upper edge of the combat platoon and the combat edge of the sear when the trigger is released. This operation allows you to reduce the stroke. With greater filing of the combat cock, there will be no reliable engagement of the trigger, which will reduce the safety of handling the weapon and may cause automatic firing.

2. Polish the sear and combat cock on polishing paper until large marks on the working surfaces are removed and a mirror shine is obtained, removing a minimum layer of metal and maintaining the angles of inclination of the planes (Ill. 2 and 3).

Polish the lower surface of the sear to a mirror shine and obtain a sharp combat edge.

Check the reliability of the trigger engagement. In this case, the fit of the sear should be along the entire plane or, in extreme cases, at the base of the combat platoon (Ill. 1a). Fitting only at the top of the combat platoon is not permissible (Ill. 1b).

Filing the cylindrical surface of the trigger at the base of the combat cock and the lower plane of the sear at the top of the combat edge is not allowed!

To accurately maintain geometric dimensions, it is better to perform the polishing operation according to templates, maintaining the corresponding inclination angles of the working planes (Ill. 2 and 3).

3. Removing a minimum layer of metal, polish the shelf in the frame along which the trigger rod slides until large marks are removed and a mirror finish is obtained (Ill. 4).
Violation of the inclination of the plane of the frame shelf is not permissible!

4. File (no more than 0.3 mm) the lower plane of the trigger rod and polish it to a mirror finish (Ill. 4). When filing the trigger rod, the gap between the upper end of the trigger and the frame is reduced, and, consequently, the size of the trigger dip, but the working stroke and trigger force are increased. Pay attention to parallel removal of metal. The contact point “B” should be located closer to the rear end of the trigger rod. Assemble the trigger and check the smoothness of the trigger when the trigger is cocked and when working with self-cocking.

5. The final removal of trigger failure is the most delicate operation requiring attention, high precision and understanding the meaning of the work being performed. Il.5 shows the position of the parts at the beginning of the working stroke (free stroke is selected), and Il.6 shows the position of the parts after touching the upper end of the frame trigger. It can be seen from the figures that when you press the trigger, point “B” slides along the shelf to point “D”, while the length of the segment [BC] remains constant, which ensures rotation of the sear and release of the trigger.

When the lower edge of the sear reaches the upper edge of the combat platoon, the trigger will fall off, and the point of contact of the trigger rod with the shelf of the frame will move to the “B1” position, and the “E” point to the “E1” point. But between the upper end of the trigger and the frame there will be a gap “f”, which is the reason for the failure, since the trigger will stop only after touching the frame at point “E2”. In this case, the point of contact between the trigger rod and the frame will move to point “B2”, and the nose of the sear will rise above the cocking by the amount of “s”

When the trigger breaks, there is a sharp weakening of the trigger force, which, together with the failure, leads to angular deviations of the pistol until the firing pin hits the primer, and as a result, separation occurs when firing.

Obviously, to eliminate this drawback it is necessary to reduce the value of “s” to zero. To do this, it is necessary to measure the gap “s” and, based on this value, eliminate it. For this purpose, a minimum layer of metal is removed at point “C” on the protrusion of the sear. Then, using a round needle file, the hole in the upper end of the trigger is bored out by an amount of no more than 0.3 mm in the direction of the rear wall (Ill. 7). After assembling the trigger and pressing the trigger fully, the remaining gap “s” is measured, which is selected by polishing the upper wall of the cutout on the cocking lever in the area of point “C” (Ill. 4).

After eliminating the gap “s” to ensure that the trigger is pulled, the combat edge of the sear is blunted to R 0.15 mm. Next, after assembling the pistol, the operation of the trigger is checked.

6. The debugging of the pistol ends by checking the trigger force, which should be in the range from 2 to 3.5 kg for a cocked trigger and no more than 7.5 kg when the trigger is turned with the self-cocking protrusion. After debugging, checking the operation of the pistol in full (including firing) will verify the significantly improved performance of the pistol. A smooth, soft trigger with no trigger sag will make shooting more comfortable and much more accurate. Accuracy will increase, separations will disappear, and an ordinary Makarov pistol will become a high-precision weapon.

In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize once again that it makes sense to debug a pistol only on single samples with a good barrel, intended to achieve high results in competitions. Once again I would like to remind you that before you start work, you need to clearly understand the end result that you want to achieve. Good luck!

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Makarov Pistol (PM) - Complete Guide

OPERATION OF PISTOL PARTS AND MECHANISMS

Position of pistol parts and mechanisms before loading

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms during loading

Operation of parts and mechanisms of a loaded pistol when the safety is turned on

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when fired

The operation of pistol parts and mechanisms when cartridges are consumed from the magazine

Delays when firing a pistol and how to eliminate them

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Storing a pistol and ammunition

CHECKING THE COMBAT OF THE PISTOL AND BRINGING IT TO NORMAL COMBAT

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General information. Purpose and combat properties of the pistol

General structure and operation of pistol parts

Disassembling and assembling the pistol

Cleaning and lubricating the gun

Purpose and structure of pistol parts and mechanisms

Purpose and device of the pistol accessory

Chuck device

Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms.

Inspection, preparation for shooting of a pistol and cartridges, care for them and their conservation

Checking the pistol's combat and bringing it to normal combat

Debugging PM

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