Which countries were included in the system? What are third world countries: a complete list. According to the UN

countries closely coexist with pre-industrial and industrial types of production, as well as production based on the latest achievements of the scientific and technological revolution. But basically the first two types predominate. The economy of all Third World countries is characterized by inharmonious development of industries National economy, which is also explained by the fact that they have not fully gone through successive phases of economic development, like leading countries.

Most developing countries have policies statism, those. direct government intervention in the economy in order to accelerate its growth rate. The lack of sufficient private capital and foreign investment forces the state to take on the functions of an investor. True, in last years In many developing countries, a policy of denationalization of enterprises has begun to be implemented - privatization, supported by measures to stimulate the private sector: preferential taxation, import liberalization and protectionism for the most important privately owned enterprises.

Despite the important General characteristics, uniting developing countries, they can be conditionally divided into several similar groups. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by such criteria as: the structure of the country’s economy, exports and imports, the degree of openness of the country and its involvement in the world economy, some features of the state’s economic policy.

Least developed countries

To the number least developed countries include a number of states Tropical Africa(Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Chad,

Togo, Tanzania, Somalia, Western Sahara), Asia (Kampuchea, Laos), Latin America (Tahiti, Guatemala, Guiana, Honduras, etc.). These countries are characterized by low or even negative growth rates. The agricultural sector predominates in the economic structure of these countries (up to 80-90%), although it is not able to meet domestic needs for food and raw materials. The low profitability of the main sector of the economy does not allow relying on internal sources of accumulation for much-needed investments in the development of production, training of qualified labor, improvement of technology, etc.

The least developed countries are characterized by weak development of the market mechanism. This is due to the routine condition Agriculture(on average 80% of the self-employed population is occupied, creating only 42% of the gross domestic product, underdeveloped industry, low purchasing level of the population). The national capital, however, is largely concentrated in the commercial sphere. However, he prefers to occupy a niche of trading in imported goods and not invest in national production due to the high degree of risk.

The economy of this group of countries is characterized by the underdevelopment of production and auxiliary infrastructure, transport networks, electricity, communications systems, and banking, which does not at all contribute to attracting foreign investment and hinders the development of the economy based on meager domestic savings. Moreover, the 80-90s. there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the influx of foreign investment into their economy, which is thereby becoming less open.

The structure of foreign trade is also not conducive to economic openness. All countries in this group are both exporters of agricultural products, the prices of which are most susceptible to fluctuations on the foreign market, and the largest importers of industrial products.

The demographic situation has a negative impact on the economic development of these countries. High population growth rates contribute to maintaining low income levels and restrain the growth of purchasing power. And low agricultural productivity combined with population growth leads to nutritional deficiencies and hunger.

In the world economy, the least developed countries occupy the place of the periphery, serving as suppliers of raw materials and cheap labor.

At the same time, a number of very serious problems arose in the liberated countries, called developing countries or Third World countries. These problems are not only regional, but also global character, and therefore can only be resolved with the active participation of all countries of the world community.

In accordance with the fairly flexible UN classification, most countries in the world are usually classified as developing countries, with the exception of developed industrial countries.

Despite huge variety economic life, Third World countries have and similar characteristics, allowing them to be combined into this category. The main one is the colonial past, the consequences of which can be found in the economy, politics, and culture of these countries. They have one way of forming the current industrial structure - the widespread predominance of manual production during the colonial period and the program of transition to industrial methods of production after independence. Therefore, in developing countries, pre-industrial and industrial types of production, as well as production based on the latest achievements of the scientific and technological revolution, closely coexist. But basically the first two types predominate. The economy of all Third World countries is characterized by inharmony in the development of sectors of the national economy, which is also explained by the fact that they have not fully gone through successive phases economic development as leading countries.

Most developing countries are characterized by a policy of statism, i.e. direct government intervention in the economy in order to accelerate its growth rate. The lack of sufficient private capital and foreign investment forces the state to take on the functions of an investor. True, in recent years, many developing countries have begun to implement a policy of denationalization of enterprises - privatization, supported by measures to stimulate the private sector: preferential taxation, liberalization of imports and protectionism in relation to the most important enterprises that are privately owned.

Despite the important common characteristics that unite developing countries, they can be divided into several similar groups. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by such criteria as: the structure of the country’s economy, exports and imports, the degree of openness of the country and its involvement in the world economy, some features of the state’s economic policy.

Name the developed countries. The least developed countries include a number of states in Tropical Africa (Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, Somalia, Western Sahara), Asia (Kampuchea, Laos), Latin America (Tahiti, Guatemala, Guiana, Honduras, etc.). These countries are characterized by low or even negative growth rates. The agricultural sector predominates in the economic structure of these countries (up to 80-100%), although it is not able to meet internal needs for food and raw materials. The low profitability of the main sector of the economy does not allow relying on internal sources of accumulation for much-needed investments in the development of production, training of qualified labor, improvement of technology, etc.

The least developed countries are characterized by weak development of the market mechanism. This is due to the routine state of agriculture (an average of 80% of the self-employed population is occupied, creating only 42% of the gross domestic product, the underdevelopment of industry, and the low purchasing level of the population). The national capital, however, is largely concentrated in the commercial sphere. However, he prefers to occupy a niche of trade in imported goods and not invest in national production due to the high degree of risk.

The economy of this group of countries is characterized by the underdevelopment of production and auxiliary infrastructure, transport networks, electricity, communications systems, and banking, which does not at all contribute to attracting foreign investment and hinders the development of the economy based on meager domestic savings. Moreover, the 80-90s. There has been a tendency towards a decrease in the influx of foreign investment into their economy, which thereby becomes less open.

The structure of foreign trade is also not conducive to economic openness. All countries in this group are both exporters of agricultural products, the prices of which are most subject to fluctuations on the foreign market, and the largest importers of industrial products.

Negative Impact The economic development of these countries is influenced by the demographic situation. High population growth rates contribute to maintaining low income levels and restrain the growth of purchasing power. And low agricultural productivity combined with population growth leads to nutritional deficiencies and hunger.

In the world economy, the least developed countries occupy the place of the periphery, serving as suppliers of raw materials and cheap labor.

Countries with an average level of development. A large group of developing countries with an average level of economic development includes Egypt, Syria, Tunisia, Algeria, the Philippines, Indonesia, Peru, Colombia, etc. The structure of the economy of these countries is characterized by a large share of industry compared to the agricultural sector, a more developed domestic and foreign trade. This group of countries has great development potential due to the presence internal sources accumulation. These countries do not face such an acute problem of poverty and hunger. Their place in the world economy is determined by a significant technological gap with developed countries and large external debt.

Developing countries, the list of which includes the states of Latin America, Africa, Asia and Europe, are a special association of states that differ in the history of their development and have special specifications in running the economy. The key developing countries are India, Brazil, China and Mexico.

Developing countries are approaching a new stage of their development, playing the role of one of the main actors in world relations.

The development of young states was facilitated by rising indicators in the global economy. They also insist that there be a level playing field between international business participants. Today, their economy is aimed at increasing trade turnover indicators; their role in global trade turnover is constantly increasing.

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Third world countries, who is on this list?

What does the very concept of a 3rd world country mean? Wikipedia answers this question briefly - countries that did not take part in the Cold War. Initially, the term “Third World” had precisely this meaning. Now the third world is called countries with economic backwardness that are developing their economies.

States in Latin America, Asia and Africa, belong to this classification.

I must say that this large quantity representatives of these continents.

The total population is about seventy-five percent and covers most of the earth's hemisphere.

Now let’s figure out which country is considered developing and why.

Main features of developing countries

Let's try to name them all:

• they are characterized by a relatively low standard of living;
• there is no “middle class”;
• financial investments of rich people are many times higher than the income of ordinary citizens;
• foreign investors are not attracted because there is no legal framework;
• tax reform has not been improved;
• the banking system is not developed;
• an effective management apparatus has not been created;
• due to small wages, most of citizens cannot afford a nutritious diet and the necessary level of medicine;
• high level of unemployment - more than thirty-five percent of the population does not have a regular income;
• in third world countries there is a very high birth rate - from twenty to fifty births per thousand of the population;
• minor young people (and this is more than 40% of total number), do not have a job, part-time job or any business that brings in at least some income;
• Very high rate mortality.

Developing countries - definition

Developing countries include:

1. Those states that have a low level of GDP per person. The comparison is with Western states and second world countries (more developed socialist ones).
2. States with underdeveloped economies and scientific and technical potential. There are sufficient reserves natural resources.
3. Some of their representatives are former colonies. In Asia - Nepal, Bhutani and Yemen. In Latin America - Haiti, representatives African continent- Niger, Sudan, Chad, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mauritania and others.

List of developing countries

So, we have given the basic definition and listed characteristic features developing countries of the world.

Their list is divided into:

• first world countries;
• second world states (many socialist, including our Russia);
• 3rd world countries or developing countries.

Let's give a list of developing or classic developing countries of the world (they are the same thing).

The list is as follows:

1. Representatives of the classical third world in Europe are: Pakistan, Mongolia, India, Egypt and the countries located to the south of them, many Arab: Syria, Albania, Iran. Characteristically: there are sources of accumulation of resources within the country, they are diverse, but the population is on the verge of starvation.
2. The following representatives are oil refining states: Saudi Arabia, . Characteristically, only one economic sector is developed - oil production and export. There are large deposits of petroleum products in the territories. The government does not care about the development of other industries, which are not even shown in statistical indicators.
3. The list of African countries includes: Tanzania, Togo, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara; Asia: Laos and Kampuchea; Latin America: Honduras, Guatemala, Tahiti, Guiana. Characteristic: yes required quantity resources, but it is not enough to fully provide for the population. Lack of external investment and undeveloped production. The government is focused on importing products and has no interest in developing its own industry. Large population growth does not improve income levels, but causes starvation and increased mortality. This group supplies inexpensive raw materials, residents often travel to other countries (1st and 2nd world) for low-paid jobs.
4. Central Asia - , Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, . Characteristically: there are signs of 2nd world states remaining from being part of Soviet republic. These elements decrease and do not develop.

Emerging economies - 2018 list

The rating of representatives is as follows:

1. China has occupied the leading position since 1978. Its economy is considered to be one of the fastest growing. The average income per person is $3,700.
2. India is in second place, its GDP amounted to 1.3 trillion. dollars. The agricultural sector (rice, cotton, tea, potatoes) and industry (textile production, oil refining industry) are developed.
3. Russia – the main income is the export of oil and gas.

underdeveloped states belonging predominantly to the geopolitical South. At the Bandung Conference in 1955, a movement of developing countries emerged as an alternative to the North. Thus, the South acted as a new element of the world order. Instead of bipolarity, a tripolarity of the West-East-South world was proposed.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

THIRD WORLD

The term "third world" appeared in the years cold war and was used to refer to a number of new nation states(initially in Asia and Africa, and later in Latin America), which were not part of either the Soviet or Western blocs. Subsequently, the term was applied to the economically weak developed countries with a low level of industrialization and, accordingly, with a high level of poverty and numerous social problems, for example, illiteracy of the population. Many of these countries were former colonies European countries. Although they eventually gained political independence, their cultural and economic dependence on their former metropolises remained. Often, the term “third world” is preferred to another - “developing countries”, since “third” seems to indicate the low status of states on the world stage.

Third World countries exhibit the widest range of social, economic and political differences. Many of them are predominantly agricultural, although mining can also make up a significant share of the economy. Industrial enterprises are often owned by foreign owners who locate their production in third world countries, wanting to take advantage of a number of favorable circumstances, in particular the low cost of labor. Poverty of the population (which is observed even where, as, for example, in Mexico, a high level of industrialization has been achieved) is aggravated by the significant debt of countries to industrial states. However, there are exceptions. Thus, the oil-producing countries of the Middle East are thriving and have significant influence on the world political scene, and a number of countries in the Asia-Pacific region (for example, South Korea and Taiwan) reached high level industrialization.

The political structure of Third World countries is also diverse, although liberal democratic political systems with true competition between political parties for power and a wide range of civil liberties are rare. In many states, unstable oligarchic regimes are in power.

See also the articles “Civil Rights”, “Colonialism”, “Communism”, “Liberal Democracy”, “Dependency Theory”, “Totalitarianism”.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Agita Misane ( Agita Misāne), consultant of the society “Shelter “Safe House” »

Rarely is a term as confusing as these two. Therefore, it is clear that from clients - citizens of third countries - we often hear: “What kind of “third country citizen” am I, I’m not from an economically underdeveloped state!” It is a pity if such misunderstanding becomes the reason for non-use free services accessible to this particular target group. Let's try to correct the situation by explaining the meaning of these terms.

What are “third countries” and “third country nationals”?

“Third country” is an economically neutral term used in the context of migration, or the movement of people. It has no connection with the level of economic or cultural development of the country of origin. Countries like New Zealand, Canada, Honduras, Russia, Japan or Nigeria are “third countries” for residents of Latvia. In the European Union (EU), this term refers to all countries that are not members of the EU, or members of the European Economic Area (in addition to the EU, it also includes Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein), or Switzerland. At all in simple words- Latvia is the “first country” for us; the mentioned EU, the European Economic Area and Switzerland are the “second countries” with which we are bound by special contractual relations, and all the rest are “third countries”. This term may not sound euphonious, but that is its legal origin.

“Third country” is a concept that is also used in relation to consular services - the procedure for issuing visas for travel in cases where a visa is required to enter another (“second”) country when you are not in your own (“first”) country. This can happen, for example, if there is no such embassy or consulate in Latvia. Then we have to deliver our travel document (usually a passport) to some “third” country where the consulate of the country we want to go to is located. You may need to change your route while you are already outside Latvia. Then there is nothing else to do but look for the nearest embassy or consulate of the relevant country.

"Third World Country" means something completely different.

Who are the inhabitants of “third world countries”?

The concept of the "Third World" was coined by the French anthropologist and demographer Alfred Sauvy ( Alfred Sauvy) in 1952. It can be found in his article "Three Worlds, One Planet" in the magazine L'Observatour in the issue of August 14 of the same year. In the early fifties, it was clear that the political, economic, and also military order of the planet after the Second World War had changed significantly with the strengthening of two opposing systems that began to emerge even earlier - around the first decades of the twentieth century, when parts of the world rapidly industrialized, often even at the expense of their colonies and their natural resources. It maintained the rapid pace of industrial development in the second half of the twentieth century, but the colonies were gradually lost. In the first half of the century, after 1917, several countries with completely different economic models also emerged, such as the USSR and China. People's Republic. They too industrialized, but their economy was centrally planned and their only official ideology was communist. After World War II, a number of satellite countries of the USSR joined this system, which official names were called "socialist" or "people's republics".

Sauvy then called these two systems the “first” and “second world,” respectively. However, he also noted that all countries of the world do not fit into such a model - neither economically nor political sense. There was also a “third world”. Sauvy did not at all treat countries that were not part of the model of two economic and ideological systems with pejorative regard. One could say exactly the opposite - he made sure that their interests were sufficiently represented and protected. “After all, this ignored, exploited, despised third world also wants to be heard,” he wrote. The designation created by Sovi began to be used more and more widely, both in journalism and in academic texts. True, this division was not sufficiently consistent and unambiguous. Some included in the group of third world countries all the so-called non-aligned countries, or those that did not join NATO, the Warsaw Pact, or other military blocs. Thus, such economically very developed countries as Sweden, Finland or Austria. Others used the geographical principle, calling the Third World everything that was south of the United States and Europe. Someone else adhered to economic criteria, calling third world countries those countries whose economies have a large specific gravity traditional agriculture still had, and sharp economic inequalities also remained. The concept of a “third world country” was not really a good one to begin with, no matter how popular it may have been. And it is even more problematic today, after the destruction of the communist system in Europe. The economic dynamics are also different. To which “world” do we classify the still officially communist, but economically, perhaps, still capitalist power China?

"Third World Countries" is a designation that is still used with the parallel concept of "newly industrialized countries" in relation to countries such as Brazil, Mexico and especially the "Asian Tigers" Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea, whose rates of economic development is now faster than in many European countries. However, the problems of the Third World are the same as they were fifty years ago. This is poverty, low average duration life and level of education, gender inequality, insufficient healthcare and high corruption, sometimes political instability. Globalization processes have also been unfair to these countries, and their debts have grown.

It is therefore not surprising that the term “third world countries” can seem contemptuous. I think its use should be avoided completely, but in any case we must remember that the “third world” and “third countries” are different things.

If you are a third country national- that is, you are not from the EU, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland, but from any other country, we invite you as part of the project “ Information Center for immigrants" (ICI) receive FREE consultations and answers to questions that interest you, for example:

> social assistance issues (pension issues, etc.);

> employment ( labor law);

> migration (stay permits, visas);

> rental rights (issues related to housing);

> family law (family reunification, divorce, inheritance issues, etc.);

> legalization and recognition of educational documents;

> starting a business (issues related to commercial activities);

> the possibility of creating advocacy organizations and participating in NGOs.

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