The last years of Griboedov's life briefly. Literary and historical notes of a young technician. "Not a comedy" censored
The author of the famous play "Woe from Wit" was not only a playwright. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was an outstanding diplomat, pianist and composer. But his genius did not shine for long: at the age of 34, he suffered a terrible death, for which the Persian Shah paid the Russian Empire with a diamond of amazing beauty.
Talent immediately noticeable
The future poet and diplomat was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow in a noble rich family. He had a brother, Paul, who died in early age, and sister Maria, an outstanding pianist and harpist. Griboyedov never had respect for women (and even jokingly called them "noisy sex"), but he maintained a warm friendship with his sister until the end of his life. He wrote his famous play "Woe from Wit" in Maria's room, trying to avoid noise and annoying acquaintances. She was the only person, dedicated to the secret of writing this work before its publication.
FROM early childhood Alexander surprised everyone with his inquisitive mind and assiduous character - instead of playing and frolicking with his peers, he could sit for a long time and diligently engage in science. The boy was given primary education and upbringing by his mother Anastasia Fedorovna and several professional tutors who helped him master three European languages at the age of six.
From the age of seven, Alexander studied at the higher educational institution for children of the nobility - at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. There Alexander studied various items, but Special attention he devoted to the verbal and moral-political sciences. In addition, he learned three more foreign languages. The young man graduated from the boarding school with honors, having received an excellent versatile education.
Difficult search for yourself
In 1812, the war with the Napoleonic invaders began. And Alexander, neglecting his civilian career, joined the army. He joined the ranks of the Moscow Hussars with the rank of junior officer. Young Alexander longed for fame and exploits, but a long illness prevented him from defending the Motherland. Even after the war, the ardent Alexander failed to achieve success in the military field - until he left the army, he remained in the rank of cavalry cornet. But it was here that Griboyedov first tried his hand at literature: over the years of service, he wrote several essays, articles and translations.
Disillusioned with military service, Alexander left it at the beginning of 1816 and moved to St. Petersburg. Here he wanted to rest and decide on his future fate. In the capital, Griboyedov made numerous acquaintances in secular society and among famous playwrights. They helped the young man to seriously take up literary activity. A little later, Alexander joined the ranks of the United Friends Masonic lodge. But their program did not completely suit Alexander, and in 1817 he helped to create a new Masonic lodge.
Life in St. Petersburg allowed young Alexander to learn about life, selfishness, hypocrisy and the narrowness of the views of high society. Brought up in the spirit of idealism and humanism, Alexander was outraged, and this inspired him to write a number of comedies in which a character appears, the prototype of Chatsky. Much later, the experience gained from life in the capital formed the basis of the plot of his famous accusatory play.
Great Diplomat
In 1817, Alexander entered the service of the College of Foreign Affairs. He started his career as an interpreter, but only a year later he became the secretary of the embassy in Persia (now Iraq). In the same year, Griboyedov left for the East, not even suspecting that it was here that he would find his death.
Griboedov's entire diplomatic service was associated with constant trips from Russia to Persia or Georgia. Memories of nomadic life formed the basis of numerous travel notes and diaries of the playwright. In the East, he worked in the service, and when he returned home to St. Petersburg (sometimes for a year or more), he took up literary activity and composed waltzes and piano sonatas that amazed listeners with their harmony. Job responsibilities prompted Alexander to learn 4 more oriental languages.
In 1825, Griboyedov was in Kyiv, where he met with the Decembrists for some time. This did not go in vain for him - in January of the following year he was detained and taken to the capital, suspected of having links with the underground. But since no compromising evidence was found, the suspect was released six months later. Fortunately, the arrest did not affect the service and career of Griboedov, and he continued to work.
The year 1828 was marked for him by participation in the signing of a peace treaty with Persia in the village of Turkmanchay. Alexander worked out the terms of this treatise and put a lot of effort into signing it. Thus ended the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828.
After the success in Turkmanchay, Griboyedov was given a promotion - he was appointed to the post of resident minister in Tehran. On the way to Persia, he stopped at the Georgian city of Tiflis (now Tbilisi). The diplomat stayed there for only a few months, but these days were his last happy days which completely changed his life.
Great love and terrible death
In Tiflis, Griboyedov was visiting an old friend, the Georgian prince Alexander Garsevanovich Chavchavadze, a military man and a romantic poet. Here he met again eldest daughter host 15-year-old Nina, whom he had not seen for 6 years. At that time, Griboyedov taught the girl to play the piano, and they had a warm friendship. But in 1828 between them broke out true love. On September 3, they got married in the temple of Sioni, despite big difference aged (Griboyedov was then 33). Soon after the wedding, Griboedov continued his journey to Persia. Nina Alexandrovna first accompanied her husband, but due to pregnancy and illness, she was forced to turn back halfway.
Griboedov, at the head of a diplomatic mission, arrived in Tehran at the court of Feth Ali Shah in early January 1829. He was supposed to persuade the shah to fulfill the obligations of the Turkmanchay peace treaty. But the negotiations dragged on, and more and more Armenian refugees came to the Russian embassy, fleeing from Islamic fanatics. It is generally accepted that the refugee shelter was the reason for the destruction of the Russian embassy.
The attack took place on February 11, 1829. An angry mob of religious fanatics burst into the embassy building and brutally killed all the refugees and members of the Russian diplomatic mission. Only secretary I.S. Maltsov managed to survive. And the brutally mutilated body of Griboedov was identified only by the embassy uniform and traces of an old wound on his left hand, which he received 11 years ago in a duel with the Decembrist A.I. Yakubovich.
But there is much that remains unclear about these events. Specialists and historians believe that English agents were among the instigators of the attack - it was in the interests of England to quarrel Russia with Persia. The only person who escaped - secretary Maltsov - is suspected by some researchers of having links with the attackers. And the death of Griboyedov is still in doubt - the signs by which his body was identified cannot be considered sufficient.
After
The massacre at the Russian embassy caused an international scandal. To mitigate his guilt, the Shah sent numerous gifts to Emperor Nicholas I, including a large Shah diamond weighing more than 88 carats. Thanks to this, the scandal was settled, but gem could not replace an outstanding diplomat.
Nina Alexandrovna, having learned about the death of her husband, fell seriously ill, and her child was born dead. On June 18, 1829, she buried Griboyedov's body in Georgia near the Church of St. David (now it is the Mtatsminda pantheon). She wore mourning for her husband all her life - in her homeland in Tiflis she was even called the Black Rose. Nina Alexandrovna died of cholera in 1857.
How is the rating calculated?◊ The rating is calculated based on the points awarded for last week
◊ Points are awarded for:
⇒ visiting pages dedicated to the star
⇒ vote for a star
⇒ star commenting
Biography, life story of Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich
Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich, a famous Russian diplomat and writer, was born in 1795 on January 4 in Moscow. His father was a guards officer. The family owned rich estates and two thousand souls of serfs. Griboyedov was educated at home, then studied at the Noble Boarding School in Moscow from 1802 to 1805. In 1806 he entered the Faculty of Philosophy at Moscow University. Four years later he graduated from it (in 1810) verbal and legal departments. Then he continued his studies at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Alexander Griboedov was a very gifted student and stood out for his versatile abilities. He studied music and played the piano superbly, knew languages: Italian, French, German and English. Until the end of his life, Griboyedov had scientific interests. In 1812 he entered the army as a volunteer. He was in the cavalry unit, which was in reserve. Griboedov published in 1814 his correspondence about the cavalry units in the reserve, which was published in the journal Vestnik Evropy. There was also published another work of this time - "Letter from Brest-Litovsk". The very next year, Griboedov published the comedy "The Young Spouses" - a reworking of the French comedy. It provoked criticism from Mr. Zagoskin.
Griboyedov retired in 1816, and in 1817 he began to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. All this time he did not give up literary works and met all the writers of that time, he shared the literary views of Katenin and Kuchelbecker. Griboedov was in a group of "archaists" who were members of the society of writers "Conversation of lovers of the Russian word." Griboyedov in 1818 was appointed secretary of the diplomatic mission to Persia. This appointment was punishment or exile.
During the trip, he was engaged in composing the poem "The Wayfarer". Later he was in the service of General Yermolov in Tiflis. There he wrote the first two acts of his comedy Woe from Wit. Comedy was conceived as early as 1816. Then, in the period 1823-1825, Griboedov was on a long vacation. In 1823, he wrote a vaudeville with Vyazemsky while visiting his friend Begichev at his Tula estate. The third and fourth acts of the famous comedy "Woe from Wit" were also completed there. Then Griboyedov returned to the Caucasus. Only the intentions of Griboyedov's works and partial fragments have come down to us. He decided to write the drama "1812". The idea of the drama was to depict the fate of a soldier, a former serf, who after the war was to return to the serf landowner, the soldier was to commit suicide.
CONTINUED BELOW
Anti-serfdom thought pervaded the tragedy, which came down only in an excerpt, "Georgian Night". Griboyedov in his works paid tribute to history, but also constantly returned to the problems of the present, reflecting on the role of the people and royal power.
Griboyedov was brought under investigation after the Decembrist uprising in 1826. He was under investigation from January 22 to June 5, but charges were not brought. It turned out that even before the December putsch, Griboedov left the Masonic lodge and did not cooperate with the Decembrists at all. In 1826 he appeared as an eminent statesman and diplomat in the Caucasus. He was ordered to be responsible for diplomatic relations with Persia and Turkey. Griboyedov took an active part in the project of raising the industry of Transcaucasia. Under him, "Tiflis Vedomosti" was created, he compiled the "Regulations on the Administration of Azerbaijan". He also took part in the conclusion of a peace treaty with Persia. Griboedov perceived his appointment to Persia not as a favor, but as a forthcoming cup of suffering. Before leaving for Persia, he married Nina Chavchavadze and left his wife pregnant.
Griboyedov became a victim of a conspiracy by Fet-Ali Shah, who was bribed by England. He was killed by a mob of Persian fanatics who smashed the Russian embassy. They and the embassy staff defended themselves from the crowd for a long time. He even tried to hide in a chimney, but was discovered and killed on January 30, 1829. The body of the already killed Griboyedov was mutilated by the brutalized crowd. His body was transported to Tiflis and it was buried on Mount St. David. The remains were taken to Tiflis for a very long time. There is a known meeting with the arba that carried the body of Griboyedov. The Persian government apologized to Russia for the murder of Griboyedov and other Russians. A huge diamond "Shah" was presented as a token of apology. Nina Chavchavadze erected a monument to Griboyedov.
The brilliant mind of Griboyedov is visible in the comedy "Woe from Wit", it is largely autobiographical. Comedy is still relevant, bright idioms are still in speech. During Griboedov's lifetime, the comedy was rejected by the censors and circulated in numerous handwritten lists. Excerpts were published in the almanac "Russian Thalia" in 1825.
Alexander Griboedov is a great Russian playwright, poet, musician and state councilor. Few people know that in addition to writing, he was also an outstanding diplomat.
In 1808, the young man continued his studies at the same university at the Faculty of Ethics and Politics.
After 2 years, he received a Ph.D. in law and remained at the educational institution to study the natural sciences.
In parallel with this, Griboyedov was interested in music, and even composed compositions. Unfortunately, only 2 waltzes from his musical composition have survived to this day.
Griboedov's entourage
Griboyedov's friends were children from noble families. In addition, he had close relations with the future, discussing various "forbidden" topics with them. In this regard, he was like another great writer -.
Alexander had a sharp sense of humor, and was also an extremely quick-witted, resourceful and cheerful person. Thanks to these qualities, he was the soul of any company.
Griboyedov also liked to talk with people belonging to the intelligentsia. He often spent time with diplomats, poets, artists and musicians.
An interesting fact is that he maintained friendly relations with Griboyedov, considering him one of the most smart people.
At the age of 19, he wrote the comedy The Young Spouses. After its production in theaters, the comedy received many positive reviews from ordinary viewers and critics.
After that, Griboedov wrote several more works, and also translated into the French comedy "Feigned Infidelity".
Duel
Once Lieutenant Sheremetyev confessed to Griboyedov that the dancer he loved had cheated on him with Count Zavadovsky.
In this regard, Sheremetyev challenged the count to a duel, asking Griboyedov to become his second.
Alexander Sergeevich persuaded his friend for a long time to give up this idea, but he would never agree.
As a result, the duel took place, and the poor lieutenant was mortally wounded in the stomach.
Perhaps the matter would have ended there, but between Yakubovich, Zavadsky's second, and Griboyedov there was a quarrel, which also led them to a duel.
But since the wounded Sheremetyev had to be urgently taken to the hospital, they decided to postpone the fight.
As a result, the duel took place in the following year, 1818. On it, the poet was wounded in the wrist.
Political biography
In 1818, the tsarist official Simon Mazarovich offered Griboedov to take the post of secretary of the embassy in Persia, to which he immediately agreed.
For 3 years of work, Alexander Sergeevich perfectly mastered a new language for himself.
He even began to compose poetry in Persian. However, being in a foreign land weighed heavily on the diplomat, and he constantly dreamed of returning to his homeland.
Possessing a deep mind and high culture, Griboyedov managed to achieve outstanding results in the diplomatic field.
He made a huge contribution to the drafting of the Turkmanchay Treaty, and also played important role during the Russo-Persian War.
In Tehran, Alexander Griboedov worked on a peace treaty, the terms of which the Persians did not want to fulfill.
Soon, a fatal event occurred in the biography of the diplomat, which led to a tragic death.
Incident at the embassy
Being engaged in diplomatic affairs, Griboyedov managed to pick up two Armenian women from the harem of the Prime Minister of Persia, Allayar Khan, whom he planned to send home.
However, the offended Allayar Khan began to secretly incite the people to unrest. This led to the fact that a crowd of religious fanatics began to threaten the life of a diplomat.
One more fact should be added here. The fact is that Griboyedov had a servant named Alexander. So, when the former concubines were brought to the embassy, in order to send them to Armenia later, the servant began to pester them.
Women who did not want to leave for their homeland, where poverty awaited them, took advantage of the moment and, jumping out into the street, began to shout that they were being dishonored.
At the same moment, an angry mob of Persians attacked those who were in the embassy. A bloody massacre began, during which the guards and all the officials with servants were killed.
Griboedov's death
When the maddened crowd burst into Griboedov's room, he asked with surprising calmness what they wanted. Since the diplomat spoke pure Persian, this confused the raging people.
However, suddenly a stone fell on the head of Alexander Sergeevich, since the rebels had already dismantled the ceiling by that time.
Immediately, several dozens of Persians blinded by anger attacked the unconscious diplomat, and they began to furiously chop him with checkers.
The corpse of Griboyedov was so mutilated that he could only be identified by a scar on his hand, which remained after a duel with Yakubovich.
An interesting fact is that Griboyedov had the opportunity to hide from an attack in Armenian Church but he refused it.
Of all the members of the embassy, only Ivan Maltsev survived, who managed to hide in a chest.
After the tragedy in Tehran, state mourning was declared. Thus, the authorities tried to show their regret about the robbery of the Russian embassy.
Then, in order to hush up the crime of his people, the Persian Shah sent Russian empire grandson with many expensive gifts, including the Shah diamond, adorned with various precious stones.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was killed on January 30, 1829 at the age of 34. His body was taken to Tiflis and buried on Mount Mtatsminda, in a grotto near the Church of St. David.
A few months later, Alexander Pushkin visited the grave of the playwright.
Personal life
The only wife in Griboedov's biography was Nina Chavchavadze, whom he married a year before his death.
At the time of the massacre in Tehran, the girl was 8 months pregnant. In order not to disturb her with tragic news, they tried to hide the fact of her husband's death.
However, Nina's relatives decided to tell her about it anyway, because they were afraid that she would learn about her husband's death from strangers.
Upon learning of the defeat of the Russian mission and the murder of her husband by a mob of fanatics, she wept softly. A few days later, she went into premature labor, as a result of which the child did not survive.
Alexander Griboyedov and his wife - Nina Chavchavadze After that, Nina remained alone until the end of her days, forever remaining faithful to her late husband. Soon it began to be called the "black rose of Tiflis."
On the grave of her husband, Nina Chavchavadze erected a monument with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you!”.
Creativity Griboyedov
After reading this work, Pushkin said that "half of the poems should be included in the proverb." This happened in the future.
It is worth noting that the play provoked criticism from the authorities, since it denounced the ruling regime.
Monument to Griboyedov in Moscow on Chistoprudny Boulevard An interesting fact is that the title of this work appears in the song "Red-Yellow Days".
If you liked Griboyedov's biography, share it in in social networks. If you generally like the biographies of great people - subscribe to the site website. It's always interesting with us!
Liked the post? Press any button.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was born in Moscow in 1795. He came from a wealthy noble family that belonged to the high Moscow society, which he later described in his comedy Woe from Wit (see its full text and summary on our website). He received excellent upbringing and education, first at home, with various teachers and tutors, then at the Noble Boarding School. Griboyedov was fluent in several foreign languages, perfectly played the piano and sometimes was fond of musical improvisations; from childhood, a talented, gifted nature was visible in him. At the age of fifteen he entered Moscow University, where he stayed for 2 years. Here his literary views and tastes were formed and determined; on Griboedov had big influence professor of aesthetics Boulet, a supporter of the classical theory of art, with whom he talked a lot and often.
Portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Artist I. Kramskoy, 1875
Griboedov left the university in 1812, at the height of the Patriotic War; he immediately decided to volunteer for military service, but he did not manage to participate in hostilities; his regiment spent more than three years in Belarus, moving from one place to another. Subsequently, Griboedov bitterly recalled these years military service conducted by him for the most part in card game, in revelry and entertainment, distracting him from any cultural work. Cheerful, passionate, passionate Griboyedov, then still very young, was easily carried away by the example of the officer environment surrounding him, often becoming the center of various pranks and antics. They say, for example, that one day he rode a horse to a ball of a wealthy Belarusian landowner on a bet.
In 1816, Griboyedov retired and decided to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Living in St. Petersburg, he was fond of the theater and met the writers Shakhovsky, Khmelnitsky, Katenin, whose works were then staged on stage. Through Shakhovsky, Griboyedov met the members of the literary society "Conversation of lovers of the Russian word" and wholeheartedly joined the classical movement. (See Stages of Griboedov's work.) In his first comedy - "Student" - Griboyedov ridicules, offends Zhukovsky and even, oddly enough, Batyushkov. But in the same comedy, the issue of serfdom is also quite seriously touched upon, the plight of a serf, from whom the master demands an unbearable dues, is depicted.
Together with Shakhovsky and Khmelnitsky, Griboyedov wrote a very funny comedy, "His Family, or a Married Bride", which is still sometimes put on stage; this comedy is always a success thanks to lively, amusing pictures and a very light language.
One of Griboedov's plays, "The Young Spouses" (an alteration from French), was staged as early as 1815.
In 1819, Griboyedov was appointed secretary at the Russian embassy in Persia, and had to go to the Persian city of Tabriz. He wanted to devote himself entirely to literature, but his mother demanded that he serve. His official activity Griboedov gave himself with all his heart and soon drew attention to himself with his outstanding diplomatic skills. Despite the service, Griboedov found time for serious studies. In Tabriz, which he wittily called his "diplomatic monastery", he seriously studied Persian and Arabic, Persian literature, history. There he worked on his famous comedy "Woe from Wit", which he conceived almost from the age of fifteen. In Tabriz, the 1st and 2nd acts were completed.
Woe from the mind. Performance by the Maly Theatre, 1977
Griboedov traveled from Tabriz to Tiflis (Tbilisi) several times on business. The famous general A.P. Ermolov, commander in chief in the Caucasus, drew attention to the brilliant abilities young man, and, at his request, Griboyedov was appointed to him as a secretary for foreign affairs. He remained in Tiflis until 1823. Despite the success in the service and Yermolov's cordial attitude, Griboyedov was irresistibly drawn to Russia. Finally, he received leave and spent about a year either in Moscow, or in St. Petersburg, or at the estate of his friend Begichev in the Tula province.
Arriving in Moscow after a long absence, having plunged, like his hero Chatsky, into the maelstrom of Moscow society, Griboyedov, under a fresh impression, finished Woe from Wit at the Begichev estate.
It is rare that a literary work, not being printed, spread and became known with such speed as Woe from Wit. Friends copied it and passed the manuscripts to each other. Many memorized passages and whole scenes of comedy. "Woe from Wit" immediately aroused stormy delight in society - and the same stormy indignation; all those who felt hurt, ridiculed in the comedy were indignant. Griboyedov's enemies shouted that his comedy was an evil libel against Moscow; they did everything they could to prevent the publication of Woe from Wit, to prevent it from being staged. Indeed, “Woe from Wit” was published only after Griboyedov’s death, and he saw the production of his really wonderful comedy only once in an amateur performance by officers in Erivan (Yerevan), in 1827.
Despite Griboyedov's ardent desire to resign, he had to, at the insistence of his mother, return to serve in the Caucasus again.
After the accession to the throne of Tsar Nicholas I in 1826, Griboedov was unexpectedly arrested and brought to St. Petersburg; he was accused of participating in conspiracy of the Decembrists, but very soon justified himself and was released. It has not yet been established whether he was really a member of the Northern Society. In Woe from Wit, Griboyedov expressed his negative attitude towards secret societies(Repetilov); but it is known that he really was close and corresponded with some of the Decembrists (Küchelbeker, Bestuzhev, Prince Odoevsky), poets and writers.
In 1826-27, Griboyedov took an active part in the war against Persia, served under General Paskevich, who replaced Yermolov in the Caucasus. Many times Griboyedov showed brilliant courage and self-control in the war. The conclusion of the Turkmanchay peace treaty, according to which Russia received the Erivan region and a large indemnity, was the work of Griboyedov, who led diplomatic negotiations. Paskevich, appreciating his merits, wanted him to personally report to the Sovereign about the peace concluded. Nicholas I received him very graciously, rewarded him and soon appointed him envoy to Persia.
Griboyedov's diplomatic career was brilliant; he was only 33 years old when he was appointed to the responsible post of envoy. But this honor and distinction did not please him. Never before had it been so hard for him to leave Russia. Heavy, vague forebodings haunted him. Saying goodbye to friends, he felt that he would never see them again.
On the way to Persia, Griboyedov stopped in Tiflis and spent several months there. Griboyedov loved one young girl, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, whom he had previously seen as a girl. Having met Nina again, Griboedov proposed to her and, having received consent, he soon got married. The happiness of the young spouses did not last very long! Griboyedov had to go to Persia, to his destination. He did not want to take his young wife with him, since the atmosphere in Persia after the recent war was very tense; his wife accompanied Griboyedov to Tabriz, from where he went to Tehran alone, hoping to send his wife there after some time. But they were not destined to meet again in this world ...
The Persians were extremely annoyed with Griboyedov, who concluded such a disadvantageous peace for them. There is reason to believe that British diplomacy also supported this irritation of the Persians against Russia. Griboyedov, as the representative of Russia, immediately took a very firm and decisive position; he did everything he could to free many Russian prisoners languishing in Persian captivity, and also took under his protection Christians who were persecuted by the Mohammedans. The irritation of the Persians was kindled by fanatical mullahs. Upon learning that Christians were hiding in the embassy house, fleeing the persecution of the Persians, an excited crowd of people surrounded the embassy, demanding their extradition.
Griboyedov refused to extradite the Christians hiding under his protection. A huge crowd of Persians began to storm the house. Griboyedov himself, with a saber in his hands, became the head of the Cossacks defending the embassy and was killed in this unequal battle - the Persians were ten times more than the Russians, who were all killed by the enraged crowd. From the entire Russian embassy, one person escaped, who told about the firm, courageous behavior of Griboyedov and his heroic death. Only on the third day did the troops come; the rebellion was subdued. A vengeful mob of Persians mutilated Griboedov's body, dragging him through the streets of the city; he was recognized only by the reduced finger of the hand, which had been shot through by a bullet in a duel a few years earlier.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov, whose biography will be presented in this article, was very gifted and he mastered four professions: playwright, musician, poet and diplomat. He is best known for the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit". He is a descendant of an ancient noble family.
Childhood and studies
The boy was educated by his mother. She was a swaggering and proud representative of the upper class, but at the same time she was more than smart and practical. Nastasya Fedorovna was well aware that a high position in society and promotion can give not only connections and origin, but also the level of education of a person. Therefore, in the Griboyedov family, it was a priority. Mom hired the best French tutors for Alexander, and sometimes invited professors for lessons. Even in childhood contained in this article) read as many books as a common person does not master for a lifetime.
In 1803, the boy was sent to the Noble Boarding School, and three years later he entered Moscow University. Until 1812, Alexander graduated from the verbal and legal departments. The outbreak of war did not allow him to complete his studies at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.
Even at the university, everyone around recognized the future playwright as the most educated person. He perfectly knew all the world classics, read and spoke fluently in several languages, composed music and played the piano virtuoso.
Military service
Biography of Griboedov, summary which is known to all admirers of his work, was marked in 1812 important event. To protect the Fatherland, Alexander voluntarily enrolled in a hussar regiment. But while its formation was taking place, Napoleon's army was thrown back far from Moscow. And soon she did return to Europe.
Despite this, Alexander Sergeevich nevertheless decided to remain in the army. His regiment was transferred to the most remote regions of Belarus. These years almost fell out of the life of the writer. He will regret them in the future. On the other hand, many of his colleagues became the prototypes for the heroes of the comedy Woe from Wit. In 1815, the writer realizes that he can no longer exist in an army environment, and plans to complete his service.
Life in Petersburg
The biography of Griboedov, a summary of which was known to the playwright's contemporaries, changed dramatically with the move to St. Petersburg in 1816. Here he became close to the progressive people of that time and imbued with their ideas. Alexander Sergeevich then made many new friends, who later became the organizers of secret communities. In secular salons, the writer shone with cynicism and cold wit. He was drawn to the theater stage. During that period, he wrote and translated a lot for the comedy theater. Also, thanks to the necessary acquaintances, Griboyedov was able to get into the measured life of the writer, his participation in a duel that ended in the death of his opponent violated. His mother's connections allowed him to leave on a diplomatic mission away from the capital.
Service in the Caucasus and Persia
In 1819, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, whose biography is full of interesting events, arrived at the service in Tehran. There he received many new impressions, met with local princes, courtiers, wandering poets and ordinary people. The service was uncomplicated, and Griboyedov had enough time for self-education and literary creativity. He read a lot, honed his knowledge of Arabic and Persian. Also, to the joy of the playwright, his comedy "Woe from Wit" was written here easily and fruitfully.
At that time, the author performed a simply heroic deed - he took Russian prisoners out of the country. Griboyedov's courage was noted by General Ermolov, who decided that such a person should not vegetate in Persia. Thanks to his efforts, Alexander Sergeyevich was transferred to the Caucasus (to Tiflis). Here the writer completely finished and edited two acts of the work "Woe from Wit".
Return to Petersburg and arrest
In 1823 creative biography Griboyedov, the summary of which is well known to high school students, was marked by the completion of the main work of his life - the play "Woe from Wit". But in attempts to publish it and theatrical performance he met with strong opposition. With great difficulty, the writer agreed with the almanac "Russian Waist" to print several passages. Also, the Decembrists, who considered it their own "printed manifesto", were engaged in the distribution of the book.
In Woe from Wit, classicism and innovation, broad character development and strict adherence to the canons of comedy construction are intertwined. A significant decoration of the work is the use of aphoristic and exact language. Many lines of the essay very quickly dispersed into quotations.
twist of fate
Who knows how Griboyedov's biography would have developed, a summary of which was described above, if not for a trip to the Caucasus in 1825. Most likely, the writer would have resigned and plunged headlong into literary activity. But the mother of Alexander Sergeyevich took an oath from him to continue his career as a diplomat.
During the Russo-Persian War, the playwright participated in several battles, but he achieved much more success as a diplomat. Griboedov "bargained" a very favorable peace treaty for Russia and arrived with documents in St. Petersburg. Alexander Sergeevich hoped to stay at home and finish the works "Georgian Night", "1812" and "Rodomist and Zenobia". But the king decided otherwise, and the writer had to return to Persia.
tragic ending
In the middle of 1828, Griboedov left Petersburg with great reluctance. He put off his departure with all his might, as if he felt his death imminent. If not for this trip, then the biography could have continued to the delight of the writer's fans.
The last ray of happiness in the life of Alexander Sergeevich was his ardent love for Nina, the daughter of his friend A. G. Chavchavadze. Passing through Tiflis, he married her, and then went to Tehran to prepare everything for the arrival of his wife.
As for further events, there are several versions of how Griboyedov died. Biography, death - all this is of interest to admirers of the talent of Alexander Sergeevich. We list the three most common versions:
- Griboyedov was killed by Muslim fanatics while trying to take Armenian women out of the shah's harem. The entire Russian mission was destroyed.
- The mission staff, together with the writer, showed disrespect for Persian laws and the Shah. And the last rumor about an attempt to export women from the harem was the last straw that overflowed the Shah's patience. Therefore, he ordered to kill the insolent strangers.
- The Russian mission was attacked by religious fanatics set on by British diplomats.
This ends short biography Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, who died on January 30, 1829. In conclusion, here are some facts about the playwright.
The life of a wonderful person
- Griboyedov was fluent in Turkish, Persian, French, Arabic, Latin, English, Greek, Italian and German.
- The writer was a member of a large Masonic lodge in St. Petersburg.
- While in the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich used his position and connections to make life easier for the Decembrists. He was even able to take a few people out of Siberia.