Complex Cruz “Sagittarius” for “Warrior” combat equipment. Unmanned aerial reconnaissance complex "Tipchak" Interaction diagram of the "Tipchak" complex

Reconnaissance and fire system "Strelets" / Photo: topwar.ru

The reconnaissance units of the Central Military District (CMD) have completed tests of the new Strelets reconnaissance and fire system, which provides the coordinates of targets detected by reconnaissance aircraft to bomber crews, the CMD press service reported on Friday.

“In the Central Military District at the Chebarkul training ground (Chelyabinsk region), tests of a new reconnaissance and fire system were completed, which for the first time involved the use bomber aviation and the Strelets reconnaissance, control and communications complexes,” reports the Central Military District.

Reconnaissance units, using the Strelets system, gave the coordinates of detected targets to the crews of a pair of Su-24M bombers patrolling in the airspace of the test site, after which the planes launched a bombing attack. “The targets, including moving ones, were hit by 250 kg high-explosive fragmentation bombs. The time to hit targets from the moment of their detection did not exceed two minutes,” the district’s statement noted.

The interaction of "Sagittarius" with other fire weapons was also worked out - reactive systems Hurricane multiple launch rocket launchers, 152 mm Msta-S self-propelled howitzers, mortars and anti-tank guided missiles. Photos with the coordinates of the target were sent from observation posts equipped with Strelets to command and observation posts, where, with the help of automated control systems, the decision to fire was made, RIA Novosti writes.

"Thanks to the experiment carried out in unified system The reconnaissance and fire assets assigned to the commander of the battalion tactical group have been consolidated, thanks to which he can completely independently conduct combat in a given direction. The new approach allows us to reconsider traditional methods of conducting combined arms combat,” the Central Military District said in a statement.

Technical information

The Strelets tactical level complex for communications and command reconnaissance. Quite recently, the fifth motorized rifle brigade near Moscow began to develop the Strelets complex for communications and command reconnaissance. The complex is produced at the domestic enterprise Radioavionics. A tested individual complex is a kind of computer mobile type. Almost any device can be connected to it.

When creating a network from the data of individual complexes, the unit commander’s computer will display the necessary information about his subordinates, as well as information about the enemy coming from them. To do this, an ordinary soldier only needs to press a couple of buttons and the coordinates of his location or the location of the enemy will appear on the commander’s computer.

The head of the unit will be able to easily combine the received data with an electronic map of the area, or with a photograph of a given area received from a satellite. First, such complexes will be received and mastered by military intelligence officers.

Photo: IA "ARMS OF RUSSIA", Alexey Kitaev

According to the designers, the Strelets complex is practically a mobile personal BIUS. The Strelets tactical level complex for communications and reconnaissance management. The Radioavionics enterprise at one time introduced the Strelets KRUS as a means of solving a wide range of information support tasks.

Sagittarius provides:

• combat control
• identification of detected objects and calculation of their coordinates
• target designation
• generation of data for effective application personal weapons and means for close combat

The Strelets complex is interfaced with all Soviet and Russian reconnaissance equipment. In addition, the complex interacts with inclinometers, radars, target designation devices, aiming devices and UAVs.

Photo: IA "ARMS OF RUSSIA", Alexey Kitaev

The complex was put into service in 2007 and is supplied serially. It goes primarily to ground reconnaissance units. The first samples of the complex, after passing various field and combat tests, are sent for revision. Our intelligence officers, having experience in operating foreign analogues “FELIN”, “IdZ-ES” and “Normans”, asked the developers to improve the existing model of the Strelets complex.

First, the base of the first samples was made on the basis of elements from 2000. The designers responded with understanding to the military’s request and the modernized KRUS “Strelets” is being tested.

After successful tests, the complex began to be massively provided to ground units. More than one thousand units of the Strelets complex have already entered the Russian Armed Forces.

The first samples of KRUS were somewhat inconvenient for soldiers - they had a fairly decent weight of 5.4 kilograms, interfered with the serviceman when passing the assault strip, and covered access to pouches and a first aid kit. Now, after the modernization, the complex began to weigh 2.4 kilograms, received smaller overall characteristics, and large blocks are attached so as not to interfere with other tasks.

On this moment There are no significant comments on the use of the Strelets complex from military personnel of the ground units, where the complexes are mainly supplied.

KRUS "Sagittarius" can have several configuration levels. The simplest configuration option is intended for military personnel of squads, up to the squad commander.

The next level of equipment is intended for the platoon commander; the package includes a powerful computer complex with a multifunctional console.

The third, most complete level of equipment is for the unit commander - battalion commander, brigade commander.

Photo: IA "ARMS OF RUSSIA", Alexey Kitaev

The interaction range of the complex as part of a squad is about one and a half kilometers, but any of the individual Strelets complexes works as a repeater, which significantly increases the range and information control a given area. In addition to voice messages, built-in standard commands can be transmitted via radio, and the recipient can view or listen to them after receiving them.

This innovation was introduced specifically to ensure that scouts were not distracted from completing the mission and did not lose visual control. KRUS includes an autonomous navigation module, which is provided with an inertial system. It makes it possible for a serviceman to know exactly his coordinates, even if he has left the satellite navigation coverage area.

Switching between navigation systems occurs automatically in the complex. The complex can be equipped with a helmet-mounted display subsystem for producing fire from cover. For example, when interacting with the Shahin thermal imager, information from it is sent to the serviceman’s indicator, which allows him to conduct accurate and targeted fire without leaving cover.

The complex also includes a “friend or foe” identification subsystem. The range of the subsystem depends on the characteristics of the mating sighting devices. The subsystem sends to unidentified object request, and if the object is “friends,” the serviceman will hear an audio alert in the earpiece. If, after sending the request, the subsystem is “silent”, then the object is defined by the “Sagittarius” complex as “alien”.

found:
INTERESTING names of weapons in Russia! :)

Germany has the Leopard tank. Israel has the Merkava (War Chariot). America has the Abrams tank, France has the Leclerc, both in honor of famous generals. And we have the T-72B "Slingshot". In honor of the slingshot! It’s not clear why, but it’s clear that KVN could only have been born here! :)

Or, for example, the Americans take it and call their self-propelled howitzer “Paladin”. And the British call theirs “Archer” (Archer). All is well. Our guys come up and say: look here. Here self-propelled howitzers 2S1 "Carnation", 2S3 "Acacia", self-propelled mortar 2S4 "Tulip" and long-range self-propelled guns 2S5 "Gyacinth" and 2S7 "Pion", capable of firing nuclear shells. Please smell the bouquet.

So the Americans take and call their anti-tank guided missile “Dragon”. And the other is called "Shilleylah" (Budgeon). Everything is logical. Then our people come up and say: look at this. Here are the 9M14M "Malyutka" anti-tank missiles, the 9M123 "Chrysanthemum" anti-tank missiles and the "Metis" anti-tank missile (with the "Mulatto" night sight). And just to make it completely incomprehensible and scary for you, we also had a rocket called “Kromka”.

And to make you think even more, heavy combat vehicle We called tank support "Frame".

And to make your head spin, the newest missile system We called the coastal defense "Bal".

And so that the smile never leaves your face), our most powerful 30-barrel self-propelled flamethrower in the world is called TOS-1 “Buratino”, and our under-barrel grenade launcher GP-30 is called “Obuvka” :)!

If anything, then there is also an 82-mm automatic mortar 2B9 "Vasilek", company mortar 2B14 "Tray", mortar 2S12 "Sleigh", intercontinental ballistic missile"Courier" with a nuclear charge (receive the courier :)), intercontinental ballistic missile RT-23 UTTH "Molodets" with ten nuclear charges, nuclear submarine project 705 "Lira", artillery fire control system "Kapustnik", container missile control system "Phantasmagoria", self-propelled gun "Kondensator" and grenade for underbarrel grenade launcher 7P24 "Foundling".

weapon course support system on Project 667 nuclear submarines - "Tourmaline"
system for providing missiles with air and nitrogen - "Sova"
shipborne combat missile system nuclear submarine project 941 - "Fairy Tale"
jet deck depth bomber RGB-9000 - "Pikhta"
small anti-ship missile PKURS-30s - “Mol”.....

"Vivarium" - ACS of a rocket artillery brigade
(ACS-automated control system)
"Grump" - aircraft satellite communications station
(Probably it constantly gives out: “they are chattering and chattering, there is no strength left, they are completely crazy, how much can you do, huh!?”, etc. :))
Woodpecker - aviation marker radio receiver MRP-48
Raccoon - torpedo SET-65
(this one is definitely not the slaughterer of the one that lives in the pond)
Corral - anti-submarine adjustable aerial bomb KAB-250-100
Brass knuckles - hand-held anti-personnel grenade launcher RGM-40
Capacitor - self-propelled gun special power SM-54
(shows Kuzkin’s mother to the terminator)
Kochkar - ACS of the command post of the tactical formation of the country's air defense forces
(what kind of word is this anyway??? :))
...looked at Yandex "KOCHKAR Novoross. Kachkar Astrakh. unladen, breeding ram" - self-critical!!! :)
Courier - small-sized ICBM RSS-40
(We sent you a note of protest. By courier:))
Lyapis - HF radio receiver R-397LK
(Trubetskoy is not there, I checked. “Gavrila was sitting at the reception. Gavrila was receiving texts...”)
Maria - 30 kt tactical atomic bomb
Metis - ATGM + Mulat - thermal imaging sight for ATGM
(and all this was invented and controlled by a WHITE man :))
Natasha - tactical atomic bomb 8U49
Foundling - 7P24 shot for an under-barrel grenade launcher
(neighing)
Ros - aviation GAS
(Preved to Yarovrat)
Skosok - night vision goggles OVN-1
(for the cross-eyed???)
Traumatism - medical vehicle based on BMD-3

The KRUS Strelets reconnaissance and communications complex still looks like a fantasy today, although in fact the Strelets, included in the Ratnik combat equipment program, has been in service with the Russian army since 2007. At the moment, the second generation of “Sagittarius” is relevant, produced since 2011 and constantly improved.

According to the apt description of the general designer of Radioavionics OJSC, Alexander Kaplin, the Strelets KRUS is a personal computer with peripherals distributed over a soldier’s unloading vest. Its capabilities, like any other computer, are limited only by the assigned tasks and the imagination of the developers. The complex guarantees the solution of all information problems that a serviceman may encounter.

When creating a network from the data of individual complexes, the unit commander’s computer will display the necessary information about his subordinates, as well as information about the enemy coming from them. To do this, an ordinary soldier only needs to press a couple of buttons and the coordinates of his location or the location of the enemy will appear on the commander’s computer. The head of the unit will be able to easily combine the received data with an electronic map of the area, or with

Computer screen KRUS “Sagittarius” with aircraft flying towards the target and having received target designation

a photograph of a given area obtained from a satellite. At first, such complexes were received and mastered by military intelligence officers.

The Strelets reconnaissance and communications complex (KRUS) provides solutions to the main tasks:

– combat control,
– communication and information transfer,
– individual and group navigation,
– detection,
– coordinate measurements and target identification,
– targeting,
– generation of data for application small arms.

It interfaces with all domestic reconnaissance, surveillance, aiming, target designation devices, radars, rangefinders, inclinometers, unmanned aerial vehicles

One of the first options, the vest version is quite primitive, there is no weight balancing and the many wires are especially “impressive”: the base platform 83t215-VR version ZHRGA.461264.008

Vest option - basic platform 83t215-VR version ZHRGA.461264.008-01 (extreme option)

Complex modules:

– AK1 – Hardware container;
The hardware container contains all the KRUS computer hardware. IN standard it is located in the unloading vest on the fighter’s left side. The computer can operate at temperatures from -40 to +60°C, and is reliably protected from water, dirt and shocks

– KPE1 – primary power supply container;
Primary power supply container, aka accumulator battery KRUS. To increase operating time without recharging, two or more batteries can be connected to the system at the same time. In the latest modifications of the complex, the container contains a built-in charger.

– MCNS – satellite navigation system module;
Satellite navigation system.

– TMG – telephone-microphone headset;
An active noise-cancelling headset protects the soldier's hearing from the roar of gunfire, but at the same time amplifies quiet sounds

– MIRS – individual radio communication module;

– POU – operational control panel;
The operational control panel is located on the fighter's chest in open form and gives instant access to the main functions of KRUS. The remote control is built on the finger-button principle and is controlled by touch. There is a radio push-to-talk button, a “wounded” button, a subscriber switching button, a KRUS on/off button and a programmable hot key.

– MFP – multifunctional remote control.
The multifunctional remote control gives access to all KRUS functions through the context menus of the alphanumeric indicator. The remote control buttons are large enough to be easy to press with gloves on.

– Cables for connecting additional devices, in particular a rangefinder and goniometer.

Versions of the KRUS “Sagittarius”, depending on the purpose:

– 83t215VR-1/2 – basic/extended;
– 83t215VR-3 – rangefinder; range finder PDU-4;
– 83t215VR-4 – radio operator; VHF radio station R-168-5UN-2;
– 83t215VR-5 – operator of a satellite radio communication station; Microwave satellite radio station R-438-M;
– 83t215VR-7 – commander;
– 83t215VR-8 – radar operator; Fara-VR radar.

The complex is continuously being improved by Radioavionics specialists, and if the first backpack samples of KRUS, bristling with antennas, were a complete headache for a soldier, then the loads from placement on the Ratnik transport vest modern complex the soldier hardly notices.

Also, according to information from the Spetsmedtekhnika company, within the framework of the Strelets complex, the use of the Russian Railways vital activity recorder has begun, designed for remote medical monitoring of indicators of the functional state of a serviceman’s body, reflecting the degree of impairment of combat capability for the purpose of modern medical and evacuation measures to reduce the number of combat losses, information about the functional state, collected by the registrar, is transmitted to KRUS-MS by the gunner-medic, medical instructor and medical squad commander.

The Strelets reconnaissance, control and communications complex is supplied primarily to ground reconnaissance units. The first samples of the complex, after passing various field and combat tests, are sent for revision. Our intelligence officers, having experience in operating foreign analogues “FELIN”, “IdZ-ES” and “Normans”, asked the developers to improve the existing model of the Strelets complex. First, the base of the first samples was made on the basis of elements from 2000. The designers responded with understanding to the military’s request and the modernized KRUS “Strelets” is being tested.
The first samples of KRUS were somewhat inconvenient for soldiers - they had a fairly decent weight of 5.4 kilograms, interfered with the serviceman when passing the assault strip, and covered access to pouches and a first aid kit. Now, after the modernization, the complex began to weigh 2.4 kilograms, received smaller overall characteristics, and large blocks are attached so as not to interfere with other tasks.
After successful tests, the complex began to be massively provided to ground units. By 2013, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation had received more than one thousand units of the Strelets complex and there were no significant comments on the use of the Strelets complex from military personnel of the ground units, where the complexes are mainly supplied

KRUS "Sagittarius" can have several configuration levels. The simplest configuration option is intended for military personnel of squads, up to the squad commander. The next level of equipment is intended for the platoon commander; the package includes a powerful computer complex with a multifunctional console. The third, most complete level of equipment is for the unit commander - battalion commander, brigade commander.

A built-in standard radio station with a communication frequency of ~2.0 GHz ensures the interaction range of the complex as part of a squad - about one and a half kilometers, but any of the individual Strelets complexes works as a repeater, which significantly increases the range and information control of a given area. In addition to voice messages, built-in standard commands can be transmitted via radio, and the recipient can view or listen to them after receiving them. This innovation was introduced specifically to ensure that scouts were not distracted from completing the mission and did not lose visual control.
KRUS "Sagittarius" operates for 12 hours on one battery (and 24 hours on two) in continuous voice communication and data transmission mode. The complex operates at temperatures from minus 40 to plus 60 °C, withstands serious impacts, immersion in water and dirt.

To ensure communication between departments, tablets developed at the Scientific and Technical Center “Svyaz” (part of the “Constellation” concern) are used. Two types of tablets are offered for the work of departments: the “TT” tablet and the “AK” tablet. Both tablets are protected by technology whose standards exceed IP68, and can be kept for a short time at a depth of two meters under water.

The TT tablet is intended for commanders of infantry units. It is advisable to issue it to fighters of the “machine gunner”, “grenade launcher”, “sniper” specialties to increase their combat effectiveness. The computer allows you to determine where the unit is located and display it on the map, and with its help the commander can transmit orders. Voice data is transmitted over a secure communication channel, but it is possible to use a backup channel of the Wi-Fi standard, the information transmission speed of which reaches 11 Mbit/s.

The tablet, “AK,” is intended for personnel and supports all the basic functions of the commander’s model. The tablet acts as a digital compass with the ability to use digital maps.

KRUS includes an autonomous navigation module, which is provided with an inertial system. It makes it possible for a serviceman to know exactly his coordinates, even if he has left the satellite navigation coverage area. Switching between navigation systems occurs automatically in the complex. The complex can be equipped with a helmet-mounted display subsystem for producing fire from cover.

At the Zapad-2009 exercises, the Strelets KRUS was once again used to interact with aviation, namely to provide target designations to Su-24M bombers. It looks like this: using the PDU-4 laser range finder (range 3-5 km), the coordinates of the target are determined, which are sent to the commander’s personal computer.

Then the commander sends them on board the aircraft. The range of action using the R-853-V2M radio station is 8 km, when using a ground repeater - up to 200 km, when using an aircraft repeater at an altitude of 9-10 km - up to 300-400 km. In addition, each aircraft equipped with the SVP-24 system serves as a repeater in itself.

The Strelets and Strelets-M reconnaissance and control complexes (KRUS) for combat equipment of the military personnel "Ratnik" are produced at the domestic enterprise "Radioavionics".

The complex was put into operation by the Russian Army in 2007.

Tactical tablets JSC MKB KOMPAS

SCIENCE AND MILITARY SECURITY No. 2/2006, pp. 46-49

S.R.GEISTER,

Chief Researcher

Research Institute

Armed Forces The Republic of Belarus,

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Basic requirements for modern means ground reconnaissance

The main combat properties that characterize the capabilities of a potential enemy include:

Mobility and maneuverability;

Availability of intelligence information received almost in real time from space-based and air-based means (radar means, electronic reconnaissance and radio reconnaissance means, optical-electronic means);

Accuracy of destruction by land-based (sea-based) and air-based weapons.

Targets in troop groups can be classified as follows:

Class 1 - tracked vehicles;

Class 2 - wheeled vehicles;

Class 3 - people;

Class 4 - aviation equipment on the ground (helicopters (anywhere) and airplanes (at airfields)).

Based on their quantitative composition, these classes can be divided into large groups (for example, columns of troops, aviation at airfields), medium groups (for example, battle formations divisions) and small groups (units).

The main factors determining effectiveness of fire control and strikes against enemy ground targets are:

Location reconnaissance (including direction of movement), classification and determination of the quantitative composition of an object in real time at ranges that provide the possibility of using fire weapons;

The efficiency of fire impact, determined by the reaction time of combat systems, relative position fire weapons and targets, maneuverability and range of weapons;

Accuracy of targeting of striking elements and their radius of destruction;

Assessing the effectiveness of a strike.

The key element in ensuring the effectiveness of fire destruction is ground reconnaissance means, information from which must meet the following requirements:

Timeliness;

Credibility;

Completeness and accuracy of data.

In addition, when conducting defense in a limited area reconnaissance assets must meet the following requirements:

Stealth;

Low vulnerability;

Ability to operate in enemy-occupied territory.

brief analysis of the state and prospects for the development of existing ground reconnaissance means

The main means of conducting ground reconnaissance at present are:

Ground artillery reconnaissance radars (SNAR), located on a self-propelled chassis (for example, SNAR-10);

Artillery radar systems (ARC) detecting firing positions (for example, ARK-1, “Zoo”);

Sound-metric complexes (ZMK) for artillery reconnaissance (for example, 1B19, AZK-5);

Portable ground reconnaissance stations (for example, PSNR-5). At the same time, the first three classes of tools provide information

only artillery, and the fourth class - ground forces units in a limited sector.

Ground artillery reconnaissance radar stations. Such stations are designed to conduct reconnaissance of moving ground (surface) targets, as well as serve artillery fire. The main advantages of the SNAR are high mobility, the ability to reconnaissance moving targets and adjust artillery fire in the presence of direct visibility in difficult weather conditions, with smoke and dust. The main disadvantages of the SNAR are its low search capabilities in difficult terrain and wooded areas, the inability to detect (and adjust fire) using stationary (stopped) equipment, as well as low stealth due to the emission of powerful probing signals. The presence of powerful radiation leads to the detection and direction finding of the SNAR by the enemy within a few seconds from the moment the work begins, which entails fire suppression of the SNAR and a nearby artillery unit within a few minutes from the moment the work begins.

Artillery radar systems marking firing positions. These complexes are designed to determine the coordinates of enemy artillery positions by measuring the parameters of the ballistic trajectory of a projectile. The main advantage of the ARC is the speed of obtaining enemy coordinates directly from the position of the artillery unit. The main disadvantage of the ARK (without taking into account the cost and complexity of working in conditions of massive enemy fire) is the emission of powerful sounding signals, which provides the enemy with operational fire suppression of the ARK and artillery unit.

Sound-metric systems for artillery reconnaissance. The main advantage of the ZMK is the absolute secrecy of its operation, which ensures continuous reconnaissance in close proximity to the line of contact between troops. Along with this, ZMK developed before the 80s of the last century have the following disadvantages:

Low efficiency of operation in conditions of combined arms combat (reflected signals, small arms shots, shots from enemy guns and mortars from flank areas, shots from friendly artillery units), in the presence of wind, as well as when the enemy simultaneously uses fire weapons from several points and rapid fire;

Low efficiency in preparing initial data for firing, which allows the enemy (self-propelled artillery installations and multiple launch rocket systems) to escape a retaliatory strike to new firing positions;

Low mobility big time deployment that does not meet the conditions of transience and high maneuverability of modern combat operations.

At the same time, with deep modernization, sound measuring systems can become one of the ideal means of passive reconnaissance, since the main part of the shortcomings is due to outdated structures for constructing base points and the lack of equipment that implements effective signal processing algorithms in conditions of interference and real-time information on a large number of targets.

Thus, taking into account the shortcomings inherent in radar equipment, sound-based reconnaissance is practically the only type of reconnaissance to a depth of 10 - 20 kilometers that meets the requirements for secrecy, all-weather capability and continuity of operation in difficult terrain and wooded areas. The priority of this type of reconnaissance, taking into account the rapid development of high-precision weapons operating on radiation sources, will only increase in the next decade.

Portable ground reconnaissance stations. These stations are designed to monitor the movements of troops and military equipment, provide adjustments to the firing of fire weapons, protect borders and facilities, and combat crime and terrorism. PSNR of various classes perform their tasks at short (up to 3 km), short (up to 10 km) and medium (up to 40 km) ranges. The impetus for the development of PSNR was the American-Vietnamese War, during which these stations showed themselves to be an effective means of detecting single and group moving targets in conditions of limited optical visibility. The main disadvantages of the PSNR are the low efficiency of operation in difficult terrain and wooded areas, as well as the inability to detect stationary (stopped) equipment. In addition, in PSNR developed 30 - 40 years ago, there is no possibility of viewing space with automatic detection, tracking and recognition of targets. Currently, more than a hundred types of PSNR and their modifications have been created and put into service, and work on creating new and modernizing existing stations does not stop.

Analysis of existing ground reconnaissance means allows us to do the following: conclusions regarding their development and prospects for application. Firstly, radar reconnaissance means will be developed in the direction of increasing the secrecy of operation and information capabilities, as well as integration with other means. Taking into account the steady growth in the capabilities of electronic reconnaissance means, priority among ground-based radar stations(radar) will occupy PSNR near and short range millimeter range. The main means of reconnaissance of the ground situation (primarily in the interests of the attacking side) to great depths with low optical visibility and in conditions of difficult terrain and wooded areas will be unmanned (low-speed and high-speed) aircrafts, carrying on-board small-sized radars with antenna aperture synthesis. Secondly, when organizing ground defense of territories, important areas and objects, there will be an increase in the use of passive detection tools, combined to increase information content in network systems at various levels.

Eventually, The requirements for modern and especially promising ground reconnaissance means when supporting combat operations of ground forces are most fully met by:

- reconnaissance and signaling devices (RSD), used locally or in the form of network systems and deployed in the operational-tactical zone, in territory occupied by the enemy, or in the contact zone;

Portable small-sized sound-metric systems, used locally or in the form of network systems and deployed in tactical combat zones of friendly and enemy troops, as well as on enemy territory;

Small-sized reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with on-board small-sized radars and optical systems, launched from unprepared positions.

Next, let us turn our attention to the RSP as a means of building a passive ground reconnaissance system that has high secrecy while providing sufficiently complete intelligence information about the location and nature of the actions of enemy troops.

brief analysis of the application and state of development of reconnaissance and signaling devices

Reconnaissance and signaling devices (RSD) began to be developed in the early 50s of the last century ground forces USA. In 1954, RSPs were tested during combat operations in Korea, but were not widely used.

During the Vietnam War in mid-1968, the US Institute for Defense Studies recommended that the Department of Defense create a barrier system, dubbed the “McNamara Line” in the press, to prevent the transfer of troops and weapons from North Vietnam to South Vietnam. For the installation and maintenance of the McNamara Line, the 728th Joint Task Force and a special secret group were formed, which was engaged in the development of RSP and had practically unlimited spending capabilities Money. In the course of the work, several types of RSP were created: seismic, seismoacoustic, magnetic, electromagnetic, passive infrared (IR) and gas analyzing. First combat use The RSP took place in January 1968 in the area of ​​the base Marine Corps Khe Sanh, where RSPs first proved their high efficiency. Based on the results of the application, it was argued that the majority of strikes on the attacking forces of North Vietnam (over 500 artillery, several hundred air strikes, including 16 strikes by B-52 aircraft) were carried out according to the detection of RSP. After this, the widespread use of RSP in ground operations began.

American experts believe that a battalion equipped with RSP can monitor an area twice as large in area as the observation area of ​​a battalion that does not have RSP, and their use can reduce losses by 2 to 4 times.

The high efficiency of RSPs gave impetus to equipping US allies with them and developing similar devices In many developed countries. Currently, there are more than 100 types of radar sensors with different principles for target detection, two thirds of which were developed in the USA. Based on the type of physical field used, these devices are divided into seismic, acoustic, magnetic, electromagnetic, radar, television, thermal imaging, laser, capacitive, gradiometric, hydroacoustic, and contact RSP. To increase the efficiency of exploration, combined RSPs are used (seismomagnetic, seismoelectromagnetic, seismoacoustic, magnetoseismoacoustic).

Control of the enemy's location using reconnaissance and signaling devices

Ground reconnaissance systems built on the basis of RSP can be used to solve the following tasks:

Reconnaissance in areas of expected concentration (movement) of enemy troops;

Reconnaissance of the most likely routes of movement of enemy troops, directions and intensity of their movement;

Control of the most important enemy targets (airfields, commanding heights, bridges, road forks, bases, etc.);

Control of areas of possible landings and areas of river crossings;

Protection of places of deployment of one’s forces, minefields, approaches to bridges, etc.;

Issuing target designations to other reconnaissance forces and assets with greater capabilities;

Security (in combination with other means) of military and important civilian facilities to prevent reconnaissance and sabotage groups and terrorists from entering their territory;

Security of sites state border and lines of separation of opposing forces.

An example of controlling an enemy zone using RSP is shown in Fig. 1.

Tinted triangles indicate information cells built on the basis of RSP and having secret radio channels for transmitting data about detected objects. Data from information cells is transmitted to receiving and processing devices located behind the contact line.

Structure of an integrated system for remote ground reconnaissance

The requirements for reconnaissance equipment intended for reconnaissance and information support of combat operations of troops determine the principles for constructing promising remote surveillance systems, the main of which are:

Principle 1 - “secrecy”;

Principle 2 - “completeness of primary sources of information”;

Principle 3 - “distribution in space”.

First principle requires visual and electromagnetic secrecy of system elements. This requirement is best met by small-sized passive RSPs, which are located in the ground or on the surface (in grass, bushes, etc.).

Second principle requires solving problems of detection, coordinate measurement and recognition at the level of primary sources of information (information cell based on RSP, portable
ZMK, reconnaissance UAV). The implementation of this principle allows:

Radically reduce the requirements for data transmission speed in communication lines and, accordingly, increase their secrecy and noise immunity by reducing peak power and increasing the length of the information bit modulation code;

Use the information received at the level of the unit in whose sector of responsibility the primary source of information is located.

Third principle requires the construction of a system based on autonomous primary sources of information (information cells), distributed in space and ensuring the collection of information in the most important local areas that are inaccessible to constant observation. An example of the structure of an information cell based on RSP, intended for use in a ground reconnaissance system, is presented in Fig. 2.

In an information cell that provides surveillance of a ground enemy within a radius of hundreds of meters to several kilometers, it is most advisable to use seismic, acoustic, seismoacoustic, infrared and radar sensors, which autonomously solve enemy location problems and transmit data to a device for receiving and processing information via radio channels, wired or optical channels. Data on targets detected by the information cell:

Broadcast embedded VHF transmitter to the device for receiving and processing information of the 1st level;

They are transmitted to the receiver of a special group, which can be located in close proximity (at a distance of up to several kilometers).

Information cells from RSP sets, sets of small-sized ZMK and small-sized reconnaissance UAVs are combined into a comprehensive system for remote ground reconnaissance, an example of which is presented in Fig. 3.

Such a complex system has the following properties:

- continuity of operation in the combat zone (including enemy territory) at any time of the day;

Availability of obtaining information in real time and at various levels of consumption (special group, unit, unit, etc.);

Non-criticality to failure of individual primary sources of information.

Information from such a system ensures in real time the delivery of targeted strikes against a detected enemy using attack aircraft, helicopters, missile systems volley fire, artillery, as well as special groups and special forces.

Based on the above, you can do the following conclusions:

1. The main requirements for modern means of remote ground reconnaissance intended for organizing ground defense are timeliness, reliability, completeness and accuracy of the information received, as well as secrecy, low vulnerability and the ability to operate in territory occupied by the enemy. These requirements are most fully met by reconnaissance and signaling devices and portable small-sized sound-metric systems, used autonomously or in the form of networked systems, as well as small-sized reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles with on-board small-sized radars and optical systems, launched from unprepared positions.

2. The greatest efficiency of remote ground reconnaissance is achieved when building a reconnaissance system in the form of autonomous sources of information, combined into a real-time system with access to information at any level. This approach ensures minimization of the time of receipt and use of information both at the unit level and at the level of command and control of ground forces and aviation. This makes it possible to ensure timely strikes against ground enemies.

3. The creation of promising remote ground reconnaissance systems is based on the development of information elements (smart sensors, small-sized sound-metric complexes, small-sized airborne radars with antenna aperture synthesis) and small-sized data transmission devices that meet the requirements of stealth and noise immunity. The real basis for the creation of domestic information elements is the results of the Demeres enterprise, achieved in the development of acoustic and seismo-acoustic sensors for automatic detection and recognition, radar detection sensors, coordinate measurement and recognition with antenna aperture synthesis, and small-sized sound-metric ground reconnaissance complexes.

LITERATURE

1. Barabanov A.D. Improving intelligence in the interests of using high-precision weapons / Military Thought. -2003. -No. 11. -WITH. 28-31.

2. Mosalev V. Remote observation systems for the battlefield based on reconnaissance and signaling devices / Foreign military review. - 2000. - No. 2. - P. 21 - 27.

To comment you must register on the site.

According to General Designer Alexander Kaplin, the new equipment was tested during the landing, the soldiers ran with it along the airborne assault strip, made their way through the thicket and even climbed Elbrus. Based on the test results, the complex was seriously modified. Only after it received a positive conclusion from the military was Sagittarius included in the state defense order. “Several thousand sets have already been delivered to the troops,” Kaplin told Interfax-AVN.

First of all, they are equipped with peacekeeping units, reconnaissance officers and paratroopers. For example, this fall the 15th Blue Helmets Brigade from Samara region handed over more than 250 such kits. A few months earlier they had entered peacekeeping battalion Eastern Military District. Siberian intelligence officers and representatives of other types and branches of the military are also mastering new equipment.

The complex includes a commander's personal computer, a satellite communications radio station, a VHF radio station, a rangefinder and inclination device, a portable short-range reconnaissance radar "Fara-VR", unified information transmission equipment, as well as individual and group navigation systems operating using GLONASS and GPS data. In addition, "Sagittarius" is equipped with a "friend or foe" identification system. It can interface with all domestic reconnaissance and target designation equipment, radars, targeting devices and drones.

All this together makes the complex a fairly universal assistant to tactical commanders. It is no coincidence that it was he who was included in the new combat equipment"Warrior" and completely linked with other subsystems of this ammunition. The main task of Strelets is to prepare information for effective combat by a company, platoon, squad and individual military personnel. At a human command, the complex identifies enemy objects, determines their coordinates, performs target designation and prepares data for firing.

If, for example, we're talking about about the separation of soldiers, then “Sagittarius” will provide communication and interaction between them at a distance of up to 1.5 kilometers. And an autonomous positioning module with an inertial system will help the fighter determine his coordinates even outside the coverage area of ​​​​satellite navigation. If necessary, "Sagittarius" also works as a repeater, significantly increasing the range of signals passing through secure communication channels.

The Strelets personal computer is included in the combat equipment of every squad, platoon or company commander. One of its functions is to display the tactical situation against the background of a digital map of the area. The computer generates commands that are sent to subordinates in the form of voiced text messages. It can also transmit images and videos.

According to Kaplin, thanks to Sagittarius, the commander sees a complex picture, based on which he either makes a decision himself or transmits information to senior commanders using shortwave or satellite radio stations. As for the privates, they are equipped with multifunctional information devices built into the so-called “smart” unloading vests.

And one more important detail. Experts claim that our “Sagittarius” is not inferior to the French “Owl” and the German “Gladius” in its main indicators. But it costs much less. In addition, due to the open architecture of the devices, this complex has a good resource for modernization.