Maroon color. Reconstructor.rf - military and civil history and reconstruction of the 15th, 17th-18th-19th centuries. Marine black

Originally posted by 16165853_vkontakte. at Beret in speckled colors

It all started today at half past six in the morning in Balashikha. Formation and final preparations.

The outfit of a candidate for the right to wear a maroon beret weighs 15 kg. Each of the fighters will face a difficult forced march and a lot of exciting adventures...

And - forward!

8 km of interval cross-country through the forest is behind us. there is a water hazard ahead

And after the obstacle there is a sand slide. The guys overcame it several times - crawling and running, under the explosions of training grenades. It was terribly difficult - I ran up onto it myself with a tripod on my shoulder and almost put my tongue on my shoulder)

After the cross-country there is a firing line immediately.

And behind it - combat acrobatics

After acrobatics there was shooting at a shooting range, and then - high-altitude training. The soldiers came down from the third floor, shot at the terrorists with pistols and threw grenades. Everything is for a while.

Then it was time for kata - formal exercises with and without weapons. We skated everything perfectly!

And the final touch is sparring. It’s tough, sometimes even cruel, but this is special forces. The main thing is to survive. Defeat not the enemy, but yourself. For they are invincible, having conquered themselves. Of the 10 people who reached the battles, 9 emerged victorious.

Nargada - maroon beret. These guys deserve to wear it, because they have stood the test - with blood and sweat, pain and suffering. They survived. That’s why it’s truly priceless to them. Symbol of fortitude. A symbol of the highest valor of Russian special forces!

The finalists of the exam are awarded by Sergei Ivanovich Lysyuk himself, a legend of the Russian special forces. It was he who, in 1985, developed the rules for passing the maroon beret. Today this exam is the most difficult in the world of special forces.

General photo - the brotherhood of maroon berets "Vityaz" and the newly-made brothers.

Well, Sergei Ivanovich and I) Oh, and he’s healthy!

And this is Sergey, instructor of the Central Scientific Research Center. Great fighter and very good man. Thanks to him, I was able to shoot some really cool footage for the future program.

And we all rooted for this little brother. He is from Kaliningrad, confidently went to the test and passed it with honor.

(bright red) color. It is a crushed root of madder - Rubia tinctorum, and similar species Rubia peregrina And Rubia mungista. Madder is a perennial plant; its root is from 10 to 25 cm long and about 0.5 cm thick, orange (yellow-red) inside, brown outside.

Maroon- in Russian, a shade of red, darker and duller. Previously maroon cloth was cheaper than red cloth, and was used to make a number of elements of military uniforms for the lower ranks of the Russian Armed Forces of the imperial period.

Story [ | ]

At the end of the 19th century, madder was cultivated in significant quantities in France, Alsace, Holland, Bavaria, Belgium, the Caucasus and the Levant. The annual cost of madder root produced in France alone was estimated at no less than 100 million francs. There were also significant madder plantations in the Caucasus near Derbent and Shushi. The best varieties Levant and Avignon crapp were considered: Levant crapp was sold in the form of a root, under the name “lizari” or “alizari”; European varieties for the most part in ground condition.

Madder is mentioned by Pliny and other ancient authors. It was discovered, for example, as a pink dye on plaster in an Egyptian tomb painting of the Greco-Roman period. Came to Holland in the 16th century. through Spain, which received madder from the Moors. Colbert introduced madder in Avignon in 1666, Franzen - in Alsace in 1729, but this dye began to occupy a prominent place only by 1760-1790.

To prepare an artistic pigment (varnish), alum was added to the madder root extract and precipitation was carried out using alkali.

Cultivation of madder stopped in last quarter XIX century after the German chemists Graebe and Liebermann proposed a method for producing alizarin in 1868.

Growing madder (according to the Brockhaus encyclopedia)[ | ]

Madder is propagated by cuttings or seeds and is usually harvested no earlier than 4-5 years after sowing. On soil favorable for its growth and in suitable climatic conditions tithe gives up to 200 pd. washed root. The roots dug out of the ground are dried in the sun and sold in this form.

Application of crappie[ | ]

Alizarin

The use of kappa as a dyeing substance was based on the content of pigments in it: alizarin and. Alizarin in crappie is, however, not in a free state, but in the form of a glycoside of ruberythric acid, which, during fermentation or under the influence of acids, breaks down into sugar and alizarin, according to the equation: C 26 H 28 O 14 + 2H 2 O = C 14 H 8 O 4 + 2C 6 H 12 O 6 .

The classic work of Graebe and Lieberman showed that both alizarin and purpurin are derivatives of the hydrocarbon anthracene: the first is dioxyanthraquinone C 14 H 6 O 2 (HO) 2, the second is trioxyanthraquinone C 14 H 5 O 2 (HO) 3. These works served as the basis for a vast branch of the chemical industry - the production of artificial alizarin, which quickly replaced krapp and krapp preparations and krapp extracts from dyeing practice. According to Rosenstiel's research, purpurin, another madder pigment, is found in crappie not in the form of a glucoside, but in the form of a carboxylic acid, pseudopurpurin, which, when heated with water, breaks down into purpurin and carbon dioxide.

In addition to alizarin and purpurin, two other substances were isolated from kappa, chemically very close to alizarin: an isomer of alizarin and, in composition, a carboxylic acid, which stands to alizarin in the same ratio as pseudopurpurin to purpurin. The use of krapp in dyeing practice was based precisely on the ability of alizarin to produce durable and bright colored varnishes with various metal oxides; so, with iron - purple or black, with alumina - bright red and pink, with tin mordant - fiery red, etc.

In particular, significant quantities of crappie were used in purple dyeing to produce red, as well as to produce black and brown colors. In order to, if possible, enhance the coloring ability of madder, its crushed root was very often preliminarily subjected to various treatments, which resulted in an already prepared crappie or the so-called crappie extract. This kind of pre-treatment more or less completely removed impurities harmful to dyeing: resins, acids, sugary and pectin substances, and when dyeing with crappie extract, a more vibrant and bright shade of color was always obtained. One of the most common crappie preparations was; and was used in quite significant quantities. Crappe color (fleur de garance) was prepared by fermenting washed and ground crappie; Pinkoffin processing of crappie in an autoclave | ]

maroon beret, this is a difficult element of clothing for a military detachment special purpose, this is a symbol of valor and honor, the right to wear which not many are awarded. To receive this coveted insignia, there are only two possibilities:

1. A special beret can be earned for participation and display of courage in hostilities, for demonstrated courage and perseverance.
2. You can pass qualification tests for the right to wear this special headdress.

History of the headdress

Back in 1936, this element of clothing was introduced into women's uniforms. But in 1963 it was introduced into the uniform of the Marines, and in 1967, by the decision of General Margelov, this element of the uniform could be seen among the Airborne Forces. But the beret was officially introduced into the uniform of the Airborne Forces only in 1969. Vasily Filippovich Margelov borrowed it from the Marines, since he himself served there during the war. However, he did not immediately become maroon.

In 1980, during the World Olympics in Moscow, a special forces training company was created, on the basis of which, subsequently, the well-known Vityaz detachment was organized. The fighters of this unit required a special sign, which was somehow different from the others. The beret was chosen as this insignia, maroon color. Maroon takes on the color, it has this color for a reason, the blood shed by fighters during participation in battles has the same color.

Until 1988, the beret was worn exclusively during parades, and all special forces soldiers had the right to wear it. But subsequently the choice of this special headdress was influenced by the brotherhood of maroon berets. Thanks to former commander detachment "Vityaz", Lysyuk Sergei Ivanovich, a special program was developed that involved receiving this honor through passing certain tests. The Brotherhood of maroon berets Vityaz carried out these tests at first behind the scenes, but in 1993 it was adopted official level provision on passing qualification tests to obtain the right to wear a maroon beret.

How are these tests carried out?

The tests have two purposes:

• They are designed to identify specially trained special forces soldiers who are capable of freeing hostages under special conditions and neutralizing dangerous criminals.
• Another goal is motivational, creating an incentive for the entire special forces unit.

Not everyone is allowed to take such tests; military personnel who joined the army and served for at least six months under a contract or conscription into the internal troops have this right.

Has 2 stages, over 2 days. On the first day, applicants take tests in fire training, tactics, and also take those disciplines that were studied during training in special forces training courses. If the applicant passes this stage and receives a grade of at least “good”, he is admitted to the second stage. In addition, at the preliminary stage you must pass a physical fitness test.

The tests include a forced march of 3 kilometers, pull-ups and other exercises included in the program. After passing the preliminary exams, those who pass this stage and receive a grade of at least “excellent” are admitted to the main stage. In each discipline, they can be removed from the test for poor performance, so not everyone is allowed to the second stage.

The main stage includes:

• A forced march through difficult terrain with a length of about 10 kilometers.
• A complicated obstacle course.
• Shooting training.
• Test for the ability to storm multi-story buildings.
• Testing for acrobatic skills.
• Hand-to-hand combat.

While passing tests, fighters are exposed not only to colossal physical activity, but also a lot of psychological pressure. During the forced march stage, subjects are given additional commands. What are these commands? The commander conducting the test can give a command about a surprise attack by the enemy or create a simulation of passing through a zone with toxic substances.

In addition, overcoming obstacles with water and mud or evacuating the wounded only adds to the complexity. The time allotted for passing this test is assigned according to weather conditions and terrain features. Fighters who do not meet the allotted time are not allowed to participate in further tests.

An equally difficult stage is the obstacle course. At this stage, special observation of the subjects is established. For every 5 people, 1 instructor is allocated, since there are frequent cases of injury at this stage.

Psychological pressure is exerted by sound effects simulating explosions and gunshots. Part of the strip is smoked to create special conditions close to real combat operations. It is not for nothing that the special forces motto sounds like “Special forces are like iron, without action they rust.” There are a lot of these actions during testing.

The subsequent stages are just as difficult. The final stage where skills are tested hand-to-hand combat carried out in special equipment. IN protective helmet and boxing gloves, but even despite such protection, cases of knocked out teeth and broken noses among test subjects are not uncommon. However, for those who have passed all the tests with honor, all the difficulties of passing the tests become unimportant when they are awarded the insignia received in such a difficult struggle.

The presentation of the maroon beret takes place in a solemn atmosphere and in front of his colleagues, the fighter receives this award. At such a moment, emotions overwhelm everyone who with such difficulty won the right to wear this insignia. The soldier is given a beret and with the words: “I serve the fatherland and special forces!”, He becomes one of those who has the privilege of wearing this headdress of a special color.

Deprivation of the insignia

This measure is applied to fighters who, for some reason, were unable to maintain this privilege. This right can be deprived by various reasons. It is much easier to lose this right than to acquire it. The maroon beret may be deprived in cases where a fighter shows cowardice during hostilities or his actions led to the death of a comrade through his fault.

In addition, poor physical fitness, negligence, violation of discipline and use of skills special training for selfish purposes may lead to the loss of this right. Such a decision can only be made in the council of maroon berets, based on a complaint received from the commander of the unit where the soldier serves.

After the service period was reduced to one year, only military personnel serving under a contract are allowed to take such tests. This insignia does not provide any special privileges in relation to other fighters. Does not entitle you to receive increased pay or special treatment in terms of promotion.

But every fighter who was awarded the honor of wearing this insignia on his head can say what great importance this attribute of clothing is personal to him. It may lose color and look different immediately after being awarded, but it is not just a piece of uniform, it is the award that every special forces soldier strives for.