Land designation. Earth symbol. Letter and number wire markings
The energy matrix of the Earth's body form lines of force that reflect its dynamic and physical principle.
It is very important for a complete understanding to take into account that the Earth is not a completely homogeneous, smooth energy sphere, on which all energy zones are distributed evenly over the entire surface. In addition, the Earth with its energy network is not isolated from the vast galactic-space system, which has subtle energy connections that have a strong influence on the life of the Earth and its inhabitants, as well as on its development.
As in all phenomena of the Universe, there is also an analogy with the anatomy of the human body, in which energy supply and its balance, as well as communication with the surrounding space, are carried out through a system of chakras, points and meridians.
The solid body of the Earth has its centers at the intersection of lines of force, which have a certain location. Through these centers there is a relationship with energies coming from outside. They are vortices that receive energy and radiate it. The force centers of the Earth are analogous to the nerve centers and chakras on our body.
The four kingdoms of nature—minerals, plants, animals, and man—each individually represents an energy center in the body of the Earth.
The lines of force of the Earth are in principle the etheric body of the spirit of the Earth. According to its structure, each line is formed by two vortices, one tends to direct energy inwards, and the other radiates energy into the atmosphere. The inner whirlwind is formed from the energies of human feelings (emotions, thinking, spirit, etc.), the outer one personifies the will, strength, aspirations.
Here it is necessary to point out that, speaking of the spirit of the Earth, similarly to when we speak of the human spirit, we mean the real, but not perceived by our five senses, the energy of vibrations or waves, the energy of high frequency. It is this highest energy that is the basis of life. Spirit is the manifestation of any life through form.
Characterizing the element of the Earth, it is necessary to add that the signs of this element carry out practical, material embodiments of ideas and achieve their concrete result.
They have constancy in achieving the goal, maintain the strength and stability of images in their minds. They are characterized by conservatism, resembling a solid and harmoniously frozen crystal, embodying the principle of Saturn.
Earth elements people characteristic materiality, inertia. They perceive everything new very slowly, but if they have already studied a question or a case, they decide for themselves that it should be put into practice, they do it with great accuracy, perseverance and rare efficiency.
They are characterized by concreteness of thinking, constancy of character without emotional swings and reliability.
They do not have impulsive impulses for the new, the unknown, like the people of Fire, but they have an excellent property to calmly and painstakingly perform work with which they are well acquainted, and they can endlessly perform monotonous, monotonous work and this never tires them and does not cause stress , for example, work on a stream or conveyor.
They prefer settled life, they are not disturbed by foreign countries and travel, even moving from one apartment to another is a problem for them, and moving to another city is regarded as a global catastrophe. Therefore, they categorically reject and oppose any decisive actions that can change the rhythmic order of their lives.
It would be nice to take this fact into account when applying for a job related to business trips, because people of this element are very difficult to lift. They are, as it were, removed from others, they try not to converge with people, tk. this subconsciously scares them with all sorts of changes.
But this is only externally - behind the wall of impregnability, coldness and calmness, an emotional flame is hidden, their inner life is extremely rich, fruitful. These are deep natures who are capable of great love and forgiveness for those they love, but they never forgive betrayals and cannot forgive and forget meanness towards themselves.
They are very hardy and patient with everyone around them, but they never change their attitude towards people who they somehow do not like or dislike, sometimes showing simply open hostility.
As a rule, they do not take any part in disputes, discussions, disputes at work, avoid any meetings, social events, but sometimes, to the great surprise of others, they suddenly offer the most thoughtful and constructive solutions.
Their spiritual qualities: patience, obedience, calmness, endurance in struggle and hardship are the symbols of Christianity. By the way, Jesus Christ was a Capricorn.
Taurus- a very bright representative of the trigon of the Earth, followed by his reliable partners - Virgo, Capricorn.
The scope of their activities is very wide - from the extraction of minerals and metals to trade, industry and art. 
For people of this element, in the treatment, diagnosis and medical prognosis, it is necessary to take into account their tendency to disease of the bones and joints, metabolic disorders with the formation of stones in the gallbladder and kidneys, salt deposition, and the formation of calluses due to a violation of potassium metabolism.
People of the earthly element have a dense, stable constitution, can withstand physical fatigue for a long time, quickly restore strength, but if they already fall ill, they get sick for a long time and hard, and recover slowly. You need to know this and, if possible, adhere to a reasonable rhythm of work and rest.
The element of the Earth has a yellow color, the taste is sweet (sugar, starchy). During meditation associated with this element, one can imagine oneself immersed in the ground or something solid (mineral, clay).
Varieties
signal ground
"Mecca" of grounding
In some cases, even a solid copper conductor does not provide sufficient equipotentiality over its entire length. This situation occurs when a large current flows through an earth conductor of small cross section. As a result, the potential at different points on the earth can differ by tens of millivolts. In some cases, this can lead to undesirable consequences. For example, if several powerful loads are connected to a voltage source through a common ground bus, then a change in the current drawn by one load will cause a change in voltage on all other loads. To minimize this mutual influence, the ground conductors leading to each load must diverge from one point, which is called the "mecca" of grounding.
From the same point, you should take the potential for feedback in the stabilizer, which regulates the voltage for loads connected to the "mecca" of grounding. At the same time, you can be sure that the output voltage of the stabilizer is stabilized relative to the "mecca" of grounding, and not to any other point of the ground buses.
see also
Literature
- Horowitz P., Hill W. The art of circuitry: In 3 volumes: T. 1. Per. from English - 4th ed., revised. and additional .- M .: Mir, 1993.-413 p., ill. ISBN 5-03-002337-2.
Notes
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See what "Earth (electronics)" is in other dictionaries:
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Earth is the third planet from the Sun in the solar system.
The drawing of the Earth is carried out on the basis of GOST 2.109-73 - a unified system for design documentation (ESKD).
You can download this simple drawing for free to use for any purpose. For example, for placement on a nameplate or sticker.
How to draw a drawing:
You can draw a drawing both on a sheet of paper and using specialized programs. To perform simple sketch drawings, special engineering knowledge is not required.
A sketch drawing is a drawing made by hand, in compliance with the approximate proportions of the depicted object and containing sufficient data for the manufacture of the product.
A design drawing with all technological data for manufacturing can only be performed by a qualified engineer.
To designate on the drawing, you must perform the following operations:
1. Draw an image;
2. Put down the dimensions (see example);
3. Indicate for production (read more about technical requirements in the article below).
It is most convenient to draw on a computer. Subsequently, the drawing can be printed on paper on a printer or plotter. There are many specialized programs for drawing on a computer. Both paid and free.
Drawing example:
This image shows how easy and fast drawing is done using computer programs.
List of programs for drawing on a computer:
1. KOMPAS-3D;
2. AutoCAD;
3. NanoCAD;
4. FreeCAD;
5. QCAD.
Having studied the principles of drawing in one of the programs, it is not difficult to switch to work in another program. Drawing methods in any program do not fundamentally differ from each other. We can say that they are identical and differ from each other only in convenience and the presence of additional functions.
Technical requirements:
For the drawing, it is necessary to put down dimensions sufficient for manufacturing, limit deviations and roughness.
The technical requirements for the drawing should indicate:
1) The method of manufacture and control, if they are the only ones that guarantee the required quality of the product;
2) Indicate a certain technological method that guarantees the provision of certain technical requirements for the product.
A little theory:
A drawing is a projection image of a product or its element, one of the types of design documents containing data for the production and operation of the product.
A drawing is not a drawing. The drawing is made according to the dimensions and scale of the real product (construction) or part of the product. Therefore, to perform drawing work, the work of an engineer with sufficient experience in the production of drawing work is necessary (however, to beautifully display a product for booklets, it is quite possible that you will need the service of an artist who has an artistic view of the product or part of it).
A drawing is a constructive image with the necessary and sufficient information about the dimensions, method of manufacture and operation. You can download the drawing presented on this page for free.
A drawing is an artistic image on a plane created by means of graphics (a brush, a pencil or a specialized program).
The drawing can be both an independent document and part of the product (design) and technical requirements related to the surfaces processed together. Instructions for joint processing are placed on all drawings involved in the joint processing of products.
For more information on drawings, technical requirements for design and indication of manufacturing methods, see GOST 2.109-73. See the list of standards for the development of design documentation.
Information for ordering drawings:
In our design organization, you can any product (both parts and assemblies), which will include a drawing of the Earth, as an element of the design documentation of the product as a whole. Our design engineers will develop documentation in the shortest possible time in strict accordance with your terms of reference.
Any electric cable for ease of installation is made with multi-colored insulation on the cores. When installing standard wiring, three-core cables (phase, zero, ground) are usually used.
Phase ("L", "Line")
The main conductor in the cable is always the phase. By itself, the word "phase" means "live wire", "active wire" and "line". Most often it comes in strictly defined colors. In the switchboard, the phase wire, before going to the consumer, is connected through a residual current device (RCD, fuse), the phase is switched in it. Attention! Jokes are bad with the bare phase, therefore, in order not to confuse the phase with anything else - remember: the phase contacts are always marked with the Latin symbol "L", and the phase wire is red, brown, white or black! If you are not sure about this or the wiring is arranged differently, then purchase a screwdriver with a simple phase indicator. By touching it with a sting to a bare conductor, you can always find out whether it is a phase or not by the characteristic glow of the indicator. And it is better to immediately contact a qualified specialist.
Zero ("N", "Neutre", "Neutral", "Neutral" "Null")
The second important wire is zero, popularly known as the "wire without current", "passive wire" and "neutral". He only happens blue. In apartment switchboards, it must be connected to the zero bus, it is marked with the symbol "N". To the socket, the zero wire is connected to the contacts, also marked with the sign "N".
Ground ("G", "T", "Terre" "Ground", "gnd" and "Earth")
Ground wire insulation is only yellow with a green stripe. In the switchboard, it is connected to the ground bus, to the door and the shield body. In sockets, grounding is connected to the contacts marked with the Latin symbol "G" or with a sign in the form of an inverted and briefly underlined letter "T". Usually, ground contacts are visible and can protrude from sockets, becoming accessible to children, which sometimes shocks many parents, however, these contacts are not dangerous, although sticking fingers there is still not recommended. 
Attention! When working with electrical networks under voltage, there is always a high probability of electric shock or fire. Even if an RCD is installed, it is strongly recommended to observe all safety precautions! It is known that the special design of such a switch checks the synchronism of the phase and zero, and if the RCD detects a phase current leakage without returning some of its percentages to zero, it will immediately break the contact, which will save a person's life; however, if you touch not only the phase, but also zero, then the RCD will not save. Touching both wires is deadly!!!
Before you figure out where and how the ground points and the common wire are depicted, you need to figure out what it is.
According to the definition, a common wire (ground, body) denotes a point at which the electric potential is taken as zero. According to this, all other values in the circuit are measured relative to this point, called the common wire.
As a rule, the common wire in the diagrams is the one against which all circuit voltages are measured. In electronic circuits, this function is not always carried out by a negative pole. There are many circuits in which this function is assigned to the positive wire, while for circuits that have a bipolar type of power supply (that is, power through the + -Upit system), the common wire is the common point of the power sources.
In other words, the common wire of the circuit can be called the conductor to which the largest number of conclusions of the entire circuit converges. This concept, just, was introduced in order to simplify the process of drawing and reading circuits (after all, instead of laying conductors to it, a sign is often simply drawn, consisting of a vertical line going to the middle of the horizontal one) at the same time it saves space on the circuit drawing.
With regard to electronic circuits of small sizes, which are made on boards using printed wiring, the common wire (aka grounding) is made in the form of a copper substrate. In addition, conductors for this purpose on printed circuit boards, as a rule, have a fairly large area (much larger than that of other conductors). With regard to any electrical (or electronic) circuit, a common wire (aka ground) is such a convenient thing that reading any circuits if they do not have this element is much more difficult and inconvenient.
For circuits designed to operate at high speeds, it has long been an axiom that every square millimeter of a board that does not have electronic components or conductors should be filled with a polygon designed for a ground wire. If this is not done, the result can be very disastrous. However, there are cases in which it is quite difficult (and sometimes not possible) to follow these rules (for example, when the installation is quite tight). To overcome this difficulty, it is necessary to reduce the density of installation, thereby allocating more space for the "common wire". Any printed circuit board of an industrial type can easily serve as an example of the maximum filling with a ground (mass) polygon (for example, the “signet” of any tape recorder or TV). If you want to find a common wire on such boards, then, poking into the conductor with the largest area, we will get exactly to the common wire.
With a number, it’s a little different, although it’s also nothing complicated: it’s enough to calculate the point at which the capacitors (non-polar) that are necessarily present in almost every digital circuit converge and are installed in parallel with the power supply of each digital microcircuit.
Usually, in industrial automation, all systems have both an analog and a digital part. For this reason, interference induced by the digital part of the circuit may occur. In order to get rid of the interference induced by the digital part of the equipment to the rest of the circuit as much as possible, the common wire of the analog part is disconnected from the digital part as much as possible, making sure that the “ground” from the “digit” is connected to the “ground” from the “analog” at only one single point, located as close as possible to the common wire of the power source. And they are denoted in the same way, in different ways: AGND- a common analog type wire, then, as, DGND respectively digital.
Now let's figure out how it is customary to designate various types of common wire and ground points on the diagrams.
According to the ESKD, the point relative to which all voltages and currents of the circuit are measured is considered common and is indicated by a vertical line touching a short horizontal line (sometimes short lines inclined to the right extend from this line). The point to be connected to the ground electrode is designated in the same way, with the difference that two more are located under the horizontal line, forming a triangle in total with the first (the second is shorter than the first, and the third is shorter than the second).
On foreign circuits, in addition, there is also a distinction between a common wire of analog and digital types: an analog common wire is indicated as a vertical dash ending in a filled equilateral triangle, the top of which is directed downwards, while in digital form this dash ends only with an outline of such triangle. In any case, if a separate common wire is used for digital and analog, then on the diagrams, developers try to sign what type of common wire is used: AGND or DGND.
P.S. If you have something to add to the article, then write in the comments.