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Features of organizing and conducting aerial reconnaissance. Artillery reconnaissance. Control and artillery reconnaissance battery. How is reconnaissance conducted by a battery?

Depending on the scale and nature of the tasks being solved, the purpose, and the intelligence information received, aerial reconnaissance is divided into three types:

· strategic;

· operational;

· tactical.

Strategic BP organized by the commanders-in-chief of the branches of the Armed Forces or the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

Strategic VR can be carried out by DA and VTA reconnaissance aircraft and space reconnaissance assets.

Operational VR organized by the front command, conducted to the depth of front-line, air and sea operations by FA reconnaissance aircraft.

Tactical VR organized by the army command in the tactical depths of the enemy in the interests of formations of various types of troops.

For reference tactical reconnaissance FA reconnaissance aircraft are used, as well as tactical unmanned reconnaissance aircraft.

Surveillance of the battlefield is organized by the army command and is carried out continuously and constantly.

In the interests military operations aviation can be carried out:

· preliminary aerial reconnaissance (if there is insufficient data to make a decision on completing tasks),

· additional reconnaissance (to clarify the position of objects, their air defense, radiation conditions and weather along the route and in the area of combat operations),

· control reconnaissance (during or after an air strike to determine its results).

Air reconnaissance methods:

1. visual observation;

2. aerial photography;

3. aerial reconnaissance using electronic means.

1. Visual observation

· is currently the most universal and trouble-free method of aerial reconnaissance, available to all crews;

· allows you to view large areas, and is indispensable in the search and additional reconnaissance of stealthy nuclear missiles, control equipment, air defense and other mobile objects;

· Data can be transmitted via radio immediately after targets are detected.

· reduction in visual observation capabilities: with an increase in the altitude and flight speed of a reconnaissance aircraft, with an increase in the degree of complexity of objects;

· subjectivity of the information received.

2. Aerial photography

· although it is inferior to visual observation in the speed of obtaining information, it has certain advantages over it in objectivity and documentation, detail and reliability.

· allows you to capture the most complex objects on film;

· allows you to obtain fairly complete data on enemy troop groupings, their defensive structures, large railway junctions, airfields and positions rocket launchers;

· allows you to identify even the most minor changes in exploration targets.

· the possibilities of aerial photography, as well as visual observation, depend on the weather and time of day.

Depending on the time and method of photographing, the position of the optical axis of the aerial camera (AFC), the exposure method and photographic materials, the following types of aerial photography are distinguished:

· day and night;

· planned, perspective and panoramic;

· single, route and area;

· personnel and slot;

· black and white, color and spectrozonal.

· Planned photography - such photography when the optical axis of the lens (AFA) at the time of shooting is perpendicular to the plane of the photographed area

· Perspective photography - when the optical axis of the AFA lens is directed at an angle of 45 - 84 degrees. to the subject being photographed. Such photographs give a view of the object in the way the human eye is accustomed to seeing them.

Perspective photography: complements planned photography; used to obtain data on the configuration of terrain and objects, especially such as engineering structures; helps to reveal the enemy’s camouflage measures; in case of strong enemy opposition, it allows you to photograph the necessary objects without entering the air defense zone of the object.

· In panoramic photography, the terrain is photographed from the aircraft from the front, back, right, left.

· When taking a single photograph during a reconnaissance flight, one or more photographs of objects (targets) that are not related to each other are taken.

· Route aerial photography is carried out from a single approach of the aircraft, during which a series of aerial photographs are taken, overlapping by approximately 30% in the direction of approach.

· Area aerial photography - two-route or more aerial photography, in which the routes of aerial photographs have a transverse overlap (up to 50%).

· On long-range reconnaissance aircraft, up to 7 - 8 AFAs can be installed.

· Depending on the time of day and the nature of illumination, day and night aerial photography are distinguished.

· Daytime aerial photography is used in daylight of the object in the absence of clouds, fog, or haze.

· Night aerial photography is carried out under artificial lighting of the area. Opening and closing the camera during night aerial photography is carried out automatically using a special flash electric lamp, operating from the discharge of high-power electrical capacitors. NAFA is used for night photography.

· Spectrozonal aerial photography is performed on special, most often 2-layer photographic material, on which terrain objects are depicted not in natural conditions, but in conventional colors that are sharply different from one another (for example, purple and blue, red and green).

Such aerial photography is used when conducting aerial reconnaissance of camouflaged objects that are invisible during visual observation and photographing with ordinary photographic materials.

Spectrozonal images make image interpretation easier

3. Electronic reconnaissance consists of obtaining information about the enemy using electronic means; it is divided into

· radio reconnaissance,

· radio engineering,

· radar,

radio thermal (thermal imaging),

thermal (infrared),

· laser,

· television.

Intelligence Requirements

· determination (concentration of the main reconnaissance forces on the most important areas and by time of action);

· activity (the persistent desire of each crew to complete the combat mission);

· timeliness (receipt of information in a timely manner that ensures its effective use by troops);

· continuity (day, night under any conditions);

· secrecy;

· reliability;

· accuracy and clarity of information.

To meet the requirements for reconnaissance, rapid processing of the results obtained on board and transmission of information via communication channels to ground control points is provided.

In the general complex of measures aimed at preparing the armed forces for new aggressive wars, the commands of the armies of the main capitalist states great place assign the organization of tactical air reconnaissance to the theater of operations, on the results of which, in their opinion, the success of military operations of the troops will largely depend. Aerial reconnaissance is carried out in the interests of all types of armed forces. In particular, it is designed to provide the Air Force command with the necessary data to solve problems of gaining air superiority, isolating the combat area and providing close air support to ground forces.

Tactical air reconnaissance efforts in gaining air superiority are planned to be directed primarily at identifying the airfield network, especially airfields and dispersal sites, as well as missile defense positions and control posts.

When isolating a combat area, the main targets of aerial reconnaissance include reserves in concentration areas and on the march, highway junctions and railway stations, bridges, crossings, command posts and communication centers of formations and formations, warehouses and supply bases.

Especially great stress, as foreign military experts believe, will be required from the crews of reconnaissance aircraft when providing direct air support to ground forces, since ground fighting will be characterized by transience and be carried out over large areas under any meteorological conditions. In this case, aviation must first identify the positions of troops, areas of their concentration, launchers tactical missiles, command posts and radio control equipment located in the combat formations of troops.

The main task of aerial reconnaissance in theaters of operations, as noted by foreign military experts, is to timely detect the location of carriers nuclear weapons and nuclear ammunition depots.

It is believed that data obtained by aerial reconnaissance must be reliable and fully reflect the rapidly changing situation on the battlefield. Therefore, not only specially equipped, but also all combat aircraft are used to conduct it.

Tactical reconnaissance bears the greater burden of uncovering objects in the enemy’s tactical depths. For example, in the last years of the aggressive war in Vietnam, total number sorties carried out American aviation for the purpose of reconnaissance of the territory of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 97% were tactical reconnaissance aircraft (RF-4C, RF-101 and others), 1%. - for unmanned aircraft and 2% - for strategic aircraft(U-2, ). The reconnaissance crews had to not only find the object, identify it and establish coordinates, but also determine how and from what directions it would be safer and more convenient to approach it.

Depending on the tasks and on whose interests the aerial reconnaissance is being conducted, its depth will vary. The foreign press reported that the depth of tactical reconnaissance for a field army is 300-100 km, an army corps - 100 km, and a division - 40 km.

To conduct tactical air reconnaissance, the US and French Air Forces have reconnaissance aviation wings (squadrons), consisting of two or three aviation squadrons of 15-18 aircraft each, and in other countries - reconnaissance squadrons. The US Air Force has formed a squadron of unmanned reconnaissance and jammer aircraft launched from the DC-130 mother aircraft. Reconnaissance aviation squadrons can independently solve aerial reconnaissance missions in a theater of operations.

Organization of air reconnaissance control in the theater of operations

The management of the actions of reconnaissance aviation in the theater of operations in the US Air Force is carried out through the tactical aviation control system, the main bodies of which are the tactical aviation control center, which is part of the command post of the commander of the Air Force in the theater of operations, and the direct air support center, created at the combat operations control center of the army corps or field army. Aerial reconnaissance operations are carried out on the basis of planned or urgent requests.

At the tactical aviation control center are officers who plan actions and organize flights of reconnaissance aircraft. Here, on the basis of approved requests, detailed planning of reconnaissance aircraft sorties for the next day takes place according to planned requests that come from ground forces battalions through intelligence officers of divisions, corps and field armies. Each subsequent supervisor can approve or cancel the application. According to foreign press reports, during the Vietnam War, planned requests were implemented 4 hours or more after their receipt. They made up 3/4 of all applications.

Air intelligence officers at the close air support center are tasked with compiling urgent requests. The latter, without coordination with higher authorities, are transmitted over tactical aviation control radio networks by Air Force liaison officers located in tactical aviation control commands or by forward air gunners. Having examined the application, the direct aviation support center reports this to the tactical aviation control center, and then calls reconnaissance aircraft through the command post of aviation units and subunits. Based on the experience of combat operations in South-East Asia urgent requests were carried out within 2-2.5 hours when aircraft took off from airfields and after 15 minutes. when calling a scout from a duty position in the zone.

According to the foreign press, reconnaissance can be carried out by the following aircraft: single aircraft, part of strike groups, specially covered from the air. The first ones, as a rule, are sent to areas with weak air defense. They photograph the area from medium to high altitudes. The latter are intended for photographing objects after bomb attacks have been carried out on them. Reconnaissance aircraft, specially covered from the air, target objects with strong air defense.

The guidance of aircraft crews on routes is carried out through control and warning centers, observation and warning posts, as well as through forward aircraft gunners. The pilots are given information about the facility's air defense system, attacks by enemy fighters, weather changes, the location of the film release point, the actions of their aircraft in the reconnaissance area, etc.

Preparation for conducting aerial reconnaissance on the theater of operations

Preparation for conducting aerial reconnaissance in a squadron begins with receiving an order from the air wing command post. Based on it, the squadron commander gives appropriate instructions to the operational officer and photo reconnaissance officer.

The operational officer, who controls the calculation of the required fuel supply and the time of transmission of reconnaissance reports, determines the order of travel to the target, routes and time to reach the target, the conditions of radio exchange, those responsible for communication at the stages of the flight, and, if necessary, indicates the methods of interaction between reconnaissance officers and cover fighters.

Crews assigned to the mission begin preparing a flight plan. The route to the reconnaissance facility is selected taking into account covert access to it and bypassing areas covered by air defense systems. It is plotted on a map on which control landmarks are clearly visible. If necessary, the plan indicates the area for refueling aircraft in the air on the way back. If a reconnaissance aircraft must go on a mission together with a strike group, then the place, time and altitude of their meeting is recorded. When exploring objects that have strong system Air defense, the plan reflects issues of interaction with the cover group.

The photo reconnaissance officer, together with specialists in electronic equipment, selects the type of AFA, the amount of film, filters and shooting intervals in accordance with the task and the weather.

During pre-flight preparation, which can last up to 1.5 hours, the crews are briefed. The squadron commander clarifies the task and explains it. The intelligence officer familiarizes the crews with the target credentials (if they have not studied them during preliminary training), then informs the pilots about enemy air defense systems along the route and in the target area, recommends tactics overcome them, names particularly noticeable visual landmarks and explains the camouflage of enemy objects. He also brings to the attention of the crews (in case they find themselves on enemy territory for some reason) possible relation population to them, how to avoid capture and how to act during rescue.

The photo reconnaissance officer instructs the crews on the procedure for using the AFA, indicating the number of photographs that can be taken with each device and the reference points for the start of photographing.

A radio intelligence officer from a maintenance squadron recalls the operating modes of the equipment, the moments of its switching on and off, and the features of identifying radiation sources on on-board indicators.

The meteorological officer familiarizes the crew with the weather forecast along the route and in the target area.

Crews who have previously flown in a given area are specially invited to attend the briefing.

At the end of the briefing, the crews clarify flight routes to and from targets, time to fly over control landmarks and approach targets, and alternate routes in case of weather changes or unexpectedly strong opposition from enemy air defense forces.

After completing the task, the plane is met by the duty team, which removes cassettes of film and delivers them to the darkroom. Here, the still wet film is reviewed by codebreakers for a preliminary assessment and preparation of an urgent report. In addition, the crew commander presents a report on the results of visual observation. When specified objects are detected on the film, it is sent to the photo reconnaissance technical squadron of the reconnaissance aviation wing. If objects are not detected, then the issue of a second flight is decided. In the photo reconnaissance technical squadron, the film is deciphered more carefully.

Foreign experts believe that the time spent on decoding the film is still long. Therefore, people abroad are trying to gain information about the enemy from an airplane. The value of such information lies in its timeliness and reliability, since the aircraft crew can transmit it within 3-5 minutes after detecting the object. All authorities interested in receiving them can simultaneously receive data about the target. During the Vietnam War, as the foreign press reported, the American command received more than 2/3 of the data on moving objects via radio from reconnaissance aircraft.

Rice. 1. RF-4C 2 reconnaissance aircraft

The capabilities of reconnaissance aircraft to survey terrain are determined visually by the tactical and technical characteristics of the onboard equipment.

Judging by foreign press reports, the main tactical reconnaissance aircraft in the air forces of the main capitalist countries is the RF-4C Phantom 2 (Fig. 1). Crew: two people. It is equipped with modern reconnaissance equipment. Its capabilities when shooting terrain from a height of 100 m are shown in Fig. 2. As you gain altitude, the area covered by photography increases.

Rice. 2. Strips of terrain captured by the reconnaissance equipment of the RF-4C aircraft during its flight at an altitude of 100 m: 1, 2 and 3 - AFA of forward, perspective and planned surveys; 4, 5 - IR and laser equipment; 6 - side-view radar, which films the terrain on both sides of the aircraft; 7 - range of electronic reconnaissance equipment

Television reconnaissance equipment is not installed on Phantom aircraft. This is explained by its poor noise immunity. However, it is used on unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. It was reported that it is planned to be used in conjunction with infrared surveillance equipment.

Thus, as can be judged by the data published in the foreign press, tactical aerial reconnaissance in the theater of operations is given paramount importance in the armed forces of NATO countries. It is organized taking into account the use of all combat aircraft and the fastest transfer of data about the enemy to commanders.

Conducting aerial reconnaissance in Operation Desert Storm

Colonel V. Palagin,
captain A. Kaishauri

One of the key places in ensuring the preparation and conduct of the air offensive campaign and air-ground operation of the multinational forces (MNF) against Iraq (January 17 - February 28, 1991) was occupied by aerial reconnaissance. At the stage of strategic deployment and preparation of the armed forces of the United States and its allies for combat operations, the main efforts were concentrated on monitoring the progress of the operational deployment of the Iraqi armed forces, collecting and processing data on military facilities in the territories of Iraq and Kuwait for the purpose of planning missile and bomb strikes and electronic warfare. suppression, as well as ensuring the implementation of measures to control the naval blockade in the Persian Gulf. With the outbreak of hostilities, reconnaissance missions were refocused on assessing the results of missile and bomb strikes, identifying new targets for destruction, primarily mobile operational-tactical missiles (OTR)<Скад>, tracking the movements of Iraqi troops and aircraft, monitoring airspace, primarily for the purpose of detecting Iraqi missile launches.
In solving these problems, along with space forces and means (satellites: optical-electronic reconnaissance satellites KN-11, radar -<Лакросс>, radio and radio engineering -<Феррет>, <Шале>, <Аквакейд>) took part reconnaissance aircraft of the US Air Force Strategic Air Command (since 1992 - Air Combat Command), early warning and control aircraft, including carrier-based aircraft, as well as tactical air reconnaissance assets.
By the beginning of hostilities in the zone Persian Gulf the MNF command created a reconnaissance aviation group consisting of 41 AWACS aircraft (17 E-ZA<Сентри>AWACS and 24 E-2C systems<Хокай>), two E-8A and about 180 reconnaissance aircraft (six RC-135, one U-2C, nine TR-1A and approximately 150RF-4C,<Мираж-F.lCR>RF-14A<Томкэт>, rice. 1,<Торнадо-GR.lA>in the tactical reconnaissance version, fig. 2, and others).
Strategic reconnaissance aircraft RC-135, U-2C and TR-1A carried out round-the-clock radar, radio and electronic reconnaissance along the line of combat contact in order to identify military targets and enemy troop groups, determine the results of aviation and missile strikes, additional reconnaissance of radio-electronic means of command and control of troops and weapons, early detection of the Iraqi side’s preparations for a surprise air strike. The intensity of aerial reconnaissance during this period was 10-12 sorties per day, and during combat operations - up to 200 (10-15 percent of their total number). The on-board reconnaissance equipment systems of strategic reconnaissance aircraft made it possible to:
- photograph military facilities and troop positions at a distance of up to 60 km from RC-135 aircraft, up to 150 km from U-2C (with a resolution of 0.2 -10 m) and up to 40 km in infrared range waves (with a resolution of 5-10 m);
- shoot objects with television equipment (with a resolution of 0.2-0.5 m);
- carry out radar surveys of objects at a distance of up to 150 km (with a resolution of 3 - 4.5 m);
- conduct radio and electronic reconnaissance in the HF range within a radius of up to 1000 km, and in the VHF range - up to 450 km of ground-based RES and up to 1000 km of aviation RES in flight.
The MNF command paid significant attention to solving the problems of searching and detecting mobile objects of the Iraqi armed forces, which required the allocation of a large detachment of reconnaissance aviation forces. For this purpose, a promising system of airborne radar reconnaissance and target designation was used for the first time<Джистарс>(an air squadron of two E-8A aircraft, created on the basis of the Boeing 707, and six ground mobile AN/TSQ-132 data reception and processing points). Ground stations were deployed as part of the main and advanced command posts ground forces, headquarters of 7 AK and 18 Airborne Forces, headquarters of the Air Force group (9 VA), as well as under the contingent commander Marine Corps US military forces.
Two prototypes E-8A flew 54 combat missions. System<Джистарс>made it possible to solve the following tasks: track single and group mobile targets, primarily armored formations of Iraqi troops; ensure recognition of tracked and wheeled vehicles; detect low-flying helicopters and rotating antennas Radar systems Air defense; determine the characteristics of objects and issue target designations for them.
According to the American command, the main purpose of this system was to reconnaissance targets for hitting them with ATACMS missiles (firing range of more than 120 km). In addition, it has been successfully used to guide tactical aircraft (F-15, F-16 and F-111) to ground targets, significantly increasing their combat capabilities. Thanks to the issuance of target designations at night, it was possible to carry out round-the-clock influence on the enemy.
For example, on February 13 alone, in 11 hours of flight time, the E-8A aircraft detected 225 combat vehicles, most of which were attacked by tactical fighters. Radar reconnaissance aircraft E-8A and TR-1 along with artificial satellites Earth type<Лакросс>provided reconnaissance of enemy territory in conditions of dense clouds, sandstorms, as well as heavy smoke caused by fires in enterprises oil industry.
Tracking Iraqi mobile OTR installations on an E-8A system aircraft<Джистарс>carried out radar with selection of moving targets, the data of which was transmitted to the TR-1A aircraft equipped with an ASARS synthetic aperture radar with higher resolution. This radar provided detection of suspected OTR positions from high altitudes, and the aircraft were outside the Iraqi air defense zone. It is believed that the TR-1A, designated U-2R in 1993, will continue to operate in conjunction with the production E-8C aircraft, which are expected to enter service in 1996. The U-2R aircraft provided not only visual reconnaissance, but also electronic reconnaissance, which made it possible to observe areas masked from the system<Джистарс>.
In addition to the E-8A aircraft, the following were used to conduct aerial reconnaissance of the OTR and control air strikes against them:
- RF-4C aircraft<Фантом>, which are equipped with forward-looking cameras, infrared stations and side-view radars, as well as the Saudi Arabian Air Force RF-5E with IR and photo reconnaissance equipment;
- carrier-based aircraft RF-14<Томкэт>, equipped with hanging containers with cameras and IR stations;
- all-weather reconnaissance aircraft<Торнадр-GR.lA>RAF with three airborne IR stations.
Reconnaissance missions to detect OTR turned out to be the most difficult for Allied aviation. During the first two weeks, up to 30 percent was spent on solving these problems. total number combat sorties by Allied aircraft. However, it was not possible to destroy all the mobile systems, despite the fact that for almost an hour before the launch they were in an open area in a stationary position. A small number of complexes were discovered at the initial stage of preparation for launch, making it possible to target attack aircraft at them. Some of the flights hit false targets, which diverted significant forces of reconnaissance and attack aircraft.
During the fighting against Iraq, new reconnaissance systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles were used in the interests of the ground forces and marines. aircraft(UAV) type<Пионер>-. The complex included 14 - 16 UAVs, as well as ground control and data reception equipment located on two vehicles of the type<Хаммер>. A total of six units were deployed: 3 for the Marines, one for the 7th Army Corps, and one each for the battleships.<Висконсин>And<Миссури>. Each of them was armed with up to five UAVs, which could be controlled from the main ground station within a radius of up to 185 km, and from a portable auxiliary station up to 74 km. During the operation<Буря в пустыне>total flight hours of the UAV type<Пионер>was 1011 hours. These devices, equipped with television cameras or forward-looking thermal imaging stations, performed flights both during the day and at night.
In the interests of the Navy, the devices were used to search for mines and target naval artillery. In addition, they carried out reconnaissance flights on assignment airborne units special purpose (SEAL) naval forces and were involved in searching for coastal launch complexes of Iraqi anti-ship missiles<Силкворм>.
IN ground forces The UAV was tasked with reconnaissance of flight routes attack helicopters AN-64<Апач>. Before taking off on a combat mission, the pilots carried out reconnaissance of the area, selecting potential targets based on images received from the aircraft flying over a given area. In total, during the fighting in Iraq, the United States lost 12 UAVs: two were shot down, five were damaged by fire anti-aircraft weapons, and five were due to hardware failures or operator errors.
In addition to those indicated, UAVs of the FQM-151A type were used in the Persian Gulf region<Пойнтер>. Five complexes, each of which included four devices and two ground stations, were deployed in areas where Marine Corps units and the 82nd Airborne Division were deployed. Lightweight devices in aluminum cases total mass 23 kg, carried in backpacks, were collected in field conditions. The UAV has a range of 4.8 km and is designed to operate in the air for 1 hour. Its flight altitude is 150 - 300 m. The efficiency of the devices<Пойнтер>, intended for reconnaissance and surveillance at low altitude, decreased due to unfavorable conditions desert area, devoid of landmarks. Currently, the possibility of equipping these UAVs with a global satellite navigation system (GPS) receiver and a night vision device from LORAL is being studied.
Assessing the results of the air and air-ground operations of the Cape in the Persian Gulf, foreign experts note that the successful solution of the assigned tasks was greatly facilitated by comprehensive intelligence support. Thanks to this, it was possible to achieve enough high level awareness of troop groups and command and control systems, weapons and military equipment of Iraq, their tactical and technical characteristics, vulnerabilities, combat capabilities and application features in a given theater of operations. A thorough and lengthy (more than five months) reconnaissance of the territories of Iraq and Kuwait allowed the MNF command to clearly plan and conduct military operations.
Aerial reconnaissance promptly provided the US command and the MNF with detailed topographical and geodetic data with precise reference to important military-political, economic and military facilities, the location of armed forces, command and control posts, communications, and engineering fortifications. Based on the information received, selection and calculation were made optimal routes reaching targets (objects), the outfits of forces, the required quantity and composition of weapons were determined. To improve application efficiency precision weapons In some cases, it was necessary to clarify intelligence information about the key components of the targets.
At the same time, the war in the Persian Gulf revealed a number of shortcomings in the organization and conduct of MNF intelligence. Experts believe that, despite the use of all available air and space assets, American intelligence services were never able to reveal the locations of all Iraqi tactical personnel carriers and establish their exact numbers, although it was known that they were based in only two areas in a relatively small area. There have been repeated delays in the processing and provision of operational information to the relevant authorities combat control. The pace of aviation combat operations often outpaced the speed of data flow coming from aviation and space-based optical-electronic reconnaissance systems.
The intelligence report prepared by the Armed Services Committee of the US House of Representatives indicated, in particular, that its most serious shortcoming was inaccuracies in assessing the damage caused to the enemy. Thus, the number of Iraqi tanks destroyed by aircraft was significantly exaggerated (by 100 - 134 percent). MNF Commander-in-Chief General Schwarzkopf decided to conduct an air-ground offensive operation based on these assessments, and later stated:<Военные разведчики просто не знают, как вести подсчет ущерба, нанесенного боевой технике противника. Во время шестинедельной воздушной войны методика подсчета неоднократно изменялась в попытках повысить достоверность, однако анализ, проведенный по окончании боевых действий, показывает, что цифры оказались все же на удивление завышенными>.
The US Air Force command, having analyzed the shortcomings in the conduct of aerial reconnaissance during combat operations in the Persian Gulf zone, plans to take specific measures to increase the level of reliability and efficiency of the delivery of intelligence data, to comprehensively and timely provide it to its troops, and above all the air attack forces.

Aerial reconnaissance

view military intelligence. Conducted over the sea and over land by reconnaissance aircraft, all crews performing combat missions as well as unmanned aerial vehicles. The main methods of conducting aerial reconnaissance are: visual observation, aerial photo reconnaissance and reconnaissance using radio-electronic means.

EdwART. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010

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Books

All reconnaissance aircraft of the USSR. “Eyes” of the Army and Navy, N.V. Yakubovich. The first “military profession” of the newborn aviation was aerial reconnaissance. The first mass-produced airplane of the USSR was the reconnaissance aircraft R-1. First combat aircraft, developed under the leadership of A.N....
All reconnaissance aircraft of the USSR Eyes of the Army and Navy, Yakubovich N.. The first “military profession” of the newborn aviation was aerial reconnaissance. The first mass-produced airplane of the USSR was the reconnaissance aircraft R-1. The first combat aircraft developed under the leadership of A.N....

The experience of wars and armed conflicts shows that both in conditions of increasing tension and during armed struggle, one of the most important tasks is to provide command and staff of all levels with intelligence data.

One of the most technologically advanced types of reconnaissance is aerial reconnaissance, which is a set of measures to obtain reliable data about the enemy by aviation forces, necessary for the preparation and successful conduct of operations (combat actions) of formations, formations and units of all branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces.

The history of training aerial reconnaissance specialists is inextricably linked with the development of domestic manned and unmanned aviation.

Training is carried out in the interests of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the specialty - the use and operation of means and systems of special monitoring and its specializations: operation of ground-based aerial reconnaissance means, operation of ground-based means and systems of complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles, operation of complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles, technical operation unmanned aerial vehicles and engines, technical operation of radio-electronic equipment of complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles.

Military specialists in the application and operation of special monitoring tools and systems are highly professional (qualified) erudite engineers with fundamental knowledge in the field of remote sensing of the earth and digital processing of species information, mastering the methodology scientific research, a methodology for obtaining, processing and analyzing special monitoring data using technical means and systems of manned and unmanned aircraft, capable of effectively operating modern complexes collection and processing of aerospace reconnaissance data as part of unified system automated control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The professional activities of specialists are aimed at research natural resources and man-made objects by aerospace means, including the use of complexes with UAVs.

The graduate is intended to serve in the air reconnaissance data processing units of the Air Force aviation military formations, ministries and departments of the Russian Federation in the officer positions of engineer and head of the intelligence processing group. In addition, a graduate with a specialization related to the use of UAV complexes is intended to serve in UAV detachments in officer positions: operator (observation), operator (decipherer), head of reconnaissance group. The faculty includes 2 departments:
Department 41 of ground systems of aerial reconnaissance complexes.
Department 42 of robotic complexes and airborne systems;

The faculty has established close ties with leading universities, research, production and industry organizations, including the Aerospace Forces intelligence service, the Directorate (construction and development of the UAV system) of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, the Sozvezdie concern, and the VEGA radio engineering concern. , Research Institute Precision instruments", Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia".

The permanent and variable composition of the faculty actively participates in the activities of the military scientific society of the academy, in development and research work assigned by the Military Scientific Committee of the RF Armed Forces and the intelligence service of the Aerospace Forces, in international and all-Russian scientific and practical conferences, in exhibitions and salons of scientific and technical creativity “Archimedes”, “Expopriority”, “Interpolitech”, “ High tech", "Innovation Day of the Russian Defense Ministry", and takes prizes.

In the course of studying military professional disciplines, cadets master in practice weapons and military equipment operated in information processing departments, aerial photography service units, as well as UAV companies and detachments, in particular, an automobile mobile aerial photo laboratory, modern complexes of automation equipment for processing intelligence information, complexes with short-range, short- and medium-range UAVs.

They hone their skills in digital data processing using modern technological platforms of object-oriented modeling.

Participate in inventive and rationalization work, grant activities aimed at creating prototypes of robotic systems to study the features of image formation in various parts of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.

They learn to use air-based robotic systems and interpret images using a unified training complex in a virtual information environment for modeling the situation.

Velikanov Alexey Viktorovich, Head of the 4th Faculty of Unmanned Aviation of the VUNTS Air Force “Air Force Academy named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin", candidate of technical sciences, professor, corresponding member Russian Academy transport, Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation.

In 1987 he graduated from the Voronezh Higher Military Aviation Engineering School. From August 1987 to September 1989, he served in military unit 21265 as commander of an electric gas platoon in Kirovograd.

From September 1989 to December 1996, he served as a course officer at the Voronezh VVAIU. In December 1996, he entered the full-time adjunct program at the school, and in December 1999 he successfully graduated.

From December 1999 to December 2009, he served as a teacher, associate professor, deputy head of the department, head of the department of automotive training.

Is the leader scientific school and the author of more than 200 scientific, educational and educational works (including: 1 textbook, 16 teaching aids and 46 RF patents for inventions), completed 28 research projects, trained more than forty graduate students and three candidates of science.

For the achieved results in technical creativity Velikanov A.V. in 2005 he was awarded the title of laureate of the Mikhail Lomonosov Prize. He is the best inventor of the university. Repeatedly took part in the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow.