Political initiative. Depending on the characteristics of youth amateur activities, youth groups and movements can be classified. A distinctive feature of constructive amateur activities of youth groups is

The youth- this is a socio-demographic group, identified on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years), characteristics of social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.

Youth is a period of choosing a profession and your place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, starting a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.

Youth is a specific phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.

Features of the social status of young people

Transitivity of position.

High level mobility.

Development of new social roles(employee, student, citizen, family man) associated with a change in status.

Active search your place in life.

Favorable prospects in professional and career terms.

Youth is the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the following socio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level tolerance (from Latin tolerantia - patience); the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youth subculture.

It is typical for young people to unite in informal groups, which are characterized the following signs:

Emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in specific conditions of a social situation;

Self-organization and independence from official structures;

Models of behavior that are obligatory for participants and differ from the typical ones accepted in society, which are aimed at realizing those unsatisfied in ordinary forms vital needs(they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);

Relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;

Expression of different value orientations or even worldviews, behavioral stereotypes that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;

Attributes that emphasize belonging to a given community.

Depending on the characteristics of young people’s amateur performances, it is possible classify youth groups and movements.

Aggressive initiative. It is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values, based on the cult of persons. Primitivism, visibility of self-affirmation. Popular among teenagers and young people with a minimum level of intellectual and cultural development.

Shocking(French epater - to amaze, surprise) amateur performance. It is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hairstyle, and in spiritual ones - art, science. “Challenging” aggression on yourself from others in order to be “noticed” (punk style, etc.)

Alternative amateur activity. Based on the development of alternative, systemically contradictory models of behavior that become an end in themselves (hippies, Hare Krishnas, etc.)

Social activities. Aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.)

Political initiative. Aimed at change political system and political situation in accordance with the ideas of a particular group

The acceleration of the pace of development of society determines the increasing role of youth in public life. Joining in social relations, youth modify them and, under the influence of transformed conditions, improve themselves.

2. Typology of political regimes.

Political regime– a set of methods for exercising power and achieving political goals.

Characteristics of the political regime:

· scope of rights and human freedoms,

methods of implementation state power,

the nature of the relationship between state and society,

· the presence or absence of opportunities for society to influence the adoption political decisions,

· ways of forming political institutions,

· methods for developing political decisions.

2. Classification of political regimes

Lecture on social studies in 10th grade

Topic: Youth as social group

Features of the youth subculture

The youthis a socio-demographic group identified on the basis of a set of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years1), characteristics of social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.

Youth is a period of choosing a profession and your place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, starting a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.

Youth is a specific phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.

Features of the social status of young people

Transitivity of position.

High level of mobility.

Mastering new social roles (employee, student, citizen, family man) associated with changes in status.

Actively searching for your place in life.

Favorable prospects in professional and career terms.

The youth - this is the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the followingsocio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level of tolerance (from Latin tolerantia - patience); the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youthsubcultures.

Subculture- part of the culture of society, distinguished by its behavior from the overwhelming majority

It is typical for young people to unite ininformal groups , which are characterized by the followingsigns:

Emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in specific conditions of a social situation;

Self-organization and independence from official structures;

Models of behavior that are obligatory for participants and differ from the typical ones accepted in society, which are aimed at realizing life needs that are unsatisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);

Relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;

Expression of different value orientations or even worldviews, behavioral stereotypes that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;

Attributes that emphasize belonging to a given community.

Depending on the characteristics of youth amateur activities, youth groups and movements can be classified.

Aggressive initiative

It is based on the most primitive ideas about the hierarchy of values, based on the cult of persons. Primitivism, visibility of self-affirmation. Popular among teenagers and young people with a minimum level of intellectual and cultural development.

Shocking(French epater - time to reap, surprise)amateur performance

It is based on a challenge to norms, canons, rules, opinions both in everyday, material forms of life - clothing, hairstyle, and in spiritual ones - art, science. “Challenging” aggression on yourself from others in order to be “noticed” (punk style, etc.)

Alternative amateur performance

Based on the development of alternative, systemically contradictory models of behavior that become an end in themselves (hippies, Hare Krishnas, etc.)

Social activities

Aimed at solving specific social problems (environmental movements, movements for the revival and preservation of cultural and historical heritage, etc.)

Political amateur activities

Aimed at changing the political system and political situation in accordance with the ideas of a specific group

The acceleration of the pace of development of society determines the increasing role of youth in public life. By getting involved in social relations, young people modify them and, under the influence of transformed conditions, improve themselves.

Reaches physical maturity at an average age of 14 years. Around this age, in ancient societies, children underwent a ritual initiation— initiation into the number of adult members of the tribe. However, as society became more advanced and complex, it took more than just physical maturity to be considered an adult. It is assumed that an accomplished person must acquire the necessary knowledge about the world and society, acquire professional skills, learn to independently provide for himself and his own, etc. Since the volume of knowledge and skills has continuously increased throughout history, the moment of acquiring adult status has gradually been pushed back to a later age. Currently, this moment corresponds to approximately 30 years.

When I was young It is customary to call the period in a person’s life from 14 to 30 years - between childhood and adulthood.

Accordingly, representatives of the demographic group whose age falls within this time frame are called youth. However, age is not the decisive criterion for defining youth: the time boundaries of youth age are flexible and determined by the social and cultural conditions of growing up. To properly understand the characteristics of young people, attention should be paid not to the demographic criterion, but to the socio-psychological one.

The youth- this is a generation of people going through the stage of growing up, i.e. formation of personality, assimilation of knowledge, social values ​​and norms necessary in order to become a full-fledged and full-fledged member of society.

Youth has a number of features that distinguish it from other ages. By its nature, youth is transitional,“suspended” state between childhood and adulthood. In some matters, young people are quite mature, serious and responsible, while in others they are naive, limited and infantile. This duality determines a number of contradictions and problems characteristic of this age.

Growing up- this is, first of all, the assimilation of knowledge and skills and the first attempts to apply them in practice.

If we consider youth from the point of view of leading activities, then this period coincides with the end education (educational activities) and joining working life ().

System youth policy consists of three components:

• legal conditions for the implementation of youth policy (i.e. the corresponding legislative framework);
• forms of regulation of youth policy;
• information, material and financial support for youth policy.

The main directions of youth policy are:

• involving young people in public life, informing them about potential development opportunities;
• development of creative activity of youth, support of talented youth;
• integration of young people who find themselves in difficult life situation, into a full life.

These areas are implemented in a number of specific programs: legal advice, popularization of universal human values, propaganda, organization of international interaction between youth, support for volunteer initiatives, assistance in employment, strengthening young families, increasing civic engagement, providing assistance to young people in difficult situation etc. If desired, every young person is able to find the means mass media all the necessary information about current projects and select those that can help solve his specific problems.

Transitional position

· high level of mobility

· mastering new social roles (employee, student, citizen, family man) associated with changes in status

· active search for your place in life

· favorable professional and career prospects

B. Youth is the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the following socio-psychological qualities:

mental instability

· internal inconsistency

· low level of tolerance (from Latin tolerantia - patience)

· desire to stand out, to be different from others

· existence of a specific youth subculture

It is typical for young people to unite in informal groups, which are characterized by the following characteristics:

2. Signs of informal youth groups

· emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in specific conditions of a social situation

· models of behavior that are mandatory for participants and differ from typical ones accepted in society, which are aimed at realizing life needs that are unsatisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem)

· expression of other value orientations or even worldviews, behavioral stereotypes that are not typical for society as a whole

self-organization and independence from official structures

· relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members

· attributes emphasizing belonging to a given community

Depending on the characteristics of youth amateur activities, youth groups and movements can be classified.

Types of youth activities

The acceleration of the pace of development of society determines the increasing role of youth in public life. By getting involved in social relations, young people modify them and, under the influence of transformed conditions, improve themselves.

Ethnic communities

1. Modern humanity is a complex ethnic structure, including several thousand ethnic communities (nations, nationalities, tribes, ethnic groups, etc.), differing both in size and level of development. All ethnic communities of the Earth are part of more than two hundred states. Therefore the majority modern states multi-ethnic. For example, India is home to several hundred ethnic communities, while Nigeria is home to 200 peoples. As part of the modern Russian Federation more than 100 ethnic groups, including about 30 nations.

2. Ethnic community - this is a historically established certain territory stable set of people (tribe, nationality, nation, people) who have general features and stable characteristics of culture, language, mental makeup, self-awareness and historical memory, as well as awareness of one’s interests and goals, one’s unity, and differences from other detailed entities.

2. The concept of “ethnic minorities” is widely used in sociology, which includes not just quantitative data:

its representatives are at a disadvantage compared to other ethnic groups due to discrimination(belittling, belittling, infringement) on the part of other ethnic groups

its members experience a certain sense of group solidarity, “belonging to a single whole”

· it is usually to some extent physically and socially isolated from the rest of society

3. Prerequisites for the formation of the ethnic group

· The natural prerequisite for the formation of one or another ethnic group was community of territory because she created the necessary conditions For joint activities of people. However, later, when the ethnic group has formed, this feature loses its main meaning and may be completely absent. Thus, some ethnic groups and in conditions diaspora(from the Greek diaspora - scattering) maintained their identity without having a single territory.

· Another important condition for the formation of an ethnic group is community of language. But this attribute cannot be considered universal, since in a number of cases (for example, the USA) ethnicity takes shape in the course of the development of economic, political and other ties, and common languages are the result of this process.

· A more stable sign of an ethnic community is the unity of such components of spiritual culture as values, norms And behavior patterns, as well as related socio-psychological characteristics of consciousness And people's behavior.

· An integrative indicator of the established socio-ethnic community is ethnic identity - a sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group, awareness of one’s unity and difference from other ethnic groups. Important role in the development of ethnic self-awareness, ideas about common origin, history, historical destinies, as well as traditions, customs, rituals, folklore, i.e. play a role. those elements of culture that are passed on from generation to generation and form a specific ethnic culture.

National interests. Thanks to ethnic self-awareness, a person keenly feels the interests of his people and compares them with the interests of other peoples and the world community. Awareness of ethnic interests encourages a person to engage in activities in the process of which they are realized.

Let's mark two sides national interests :

5. Ethnonational communities develop from clan, tribe, nation, reaching the level of nation-state.

Derived from the concept of “nation” is the term “ nationality”, which is used in Russian as a name for a person’s belonging to any ethnic group.

Many modern researchers consider a classic interethnic nation, in which general civic qualities come to the fore and at the same time the characteristics of the ethnic groups included in it are preserved - language, their own culture, traditions, customs.

Interethnic, civic nation is the totality (community) of citizens of a particular state. Some scientists believe that the formation of such a nation means the “end of the nation” in the ethnic dimension. Others, recognizing the nation-state, believe that we should talk not about the “end of the nation,” but about its new qualitative state.

Interethnic relations, ethnosocial conflicts, ways to resolve them

1. Interethnic relations, due to their multidimensional nature, are a complex phenomenon.

A. They include two varieties:

B. The methods of peaceful cooperation are quite diverse.

Features of the social status of young people

Topic 12. Youth as a social group

Youth is a socio-demographic group, identified on the basis of a combination of age characteristics (approximately from 16 to 25 years old, some researchers include people under 30 years old), characteristics of social status and certain socio-psychological qualities.

Youth is a period of choosing a profession and one’s place in life, developing a worldview and life values, choosing a life partner, starting a family, achieving economic independence and socially responsible behavior.

Youth is a specific phase, stage of the human life cycle and is biologically universal.

Transitivity of position.

High level of mobility.

Mastering new social roles (employee, student, citizen, family man) associated with changes in status.

Actively searching for your place in life.

Favorable prospects in professional and career terms.

Youth is the most active, mobile and dynamic part of the population, free from stereotypes and prejudices of previous years and possessing the following socio-psychological qualities: mental instability; internal inconsistency; low level of tolerance (from Latin tolerantia - patience); the desire to stand out, to be different from the rest; the existence of a specific youth subculture.

It is typical for young people to form informal groups, which are characterized by the following features:

Emergence on the basis of spontaneous communication in specific conditions of a social situation;

Self-organization and independence from official structures;

Models of behavior that are obligatory for participants and differ from the typical ones accepted in society, which are aimed at realizing life needs that are unsatisfied in ordinary forms (they are aimed at self-affirmation, giving social status, gaining security and prestigious self-esteem);

Relative stability, a certain hierarchy among group members;

Expression of different value orientations or even worldviews, behavioral stereotypes that are uncharacteristic of society as a whole;

Attributes that emphasize belonging to a given community.

Depending on the characteristics of youth amateur activities, youth groups and movements can be classified.

The acceleration of the pace of development of society determines the increasing role of youth in public life. By getting involved in social relations, young people modify them and, under the influence of transformed conditions, improve themselves.

Sample assignment

I A1. Choose the correct answer. Are the following statements true? psychological characteristics youth? A. For a teenager, external events, actions, and friends are primarily important.

B.B adolescence higher value acquires the inner world of a person, the discovery of one’s own “I”.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect