Presentation on the topic of reserves of Kuzbass. Development of an educational hour in the reserved places of Kuzbass. Sights and interesting facts

slide 1


Reserves are plots of land or water that are protected by the state and withdrawn from economic use. Reserves are formed in order to preserve the flora and fauna characteristic of the area. Reserves are strictly protected, unauthorized visits are prohibited.

slide 2


Kemerovo region is a subject of the Russian Federation. It is part of the Siberian Federal District, formed on January 26, 1943 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Area - 95,725 km². The administrative center of the region is the city of Kemerovo

slide 3


slide 4


The Kemerovo region is located in the southeast of Western Siberia and is located almost at an equal distance from the western and eastern borders of Russia. The natural resources of the region, its flora and fauna are huge and varied. But a person does not always value, mercilessly uses and cares little about the preservation of these riches. Therefore, there was a need to organize reserves and reserves in Kuzbass

slide 5


On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the reserve of federal significance "Kuznetsk Alatau", the national park "Shorsky", the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomsk Pisanitsa" and 14 nature reserves.

slide 6


Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tyskyls. These tyskyls rise above the border of the forests. "Alatau" in translation from the Turkic language means "Motley Mountains". This name accurately reflects the first impression of the bright colors of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

Slide 7


The Kuznetsk Alatau State Nature Reserve was established on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region. The relief of the territory is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and reservoirs.

Slide 8


Slide 9


Slide 10


Kuznetsk Alatau - the most beautiful place in the Kemerovo region

slide 11


slide 12


The forests of Mountain Shoria are famous all over the world - many even call them the second Alps. Forests consist of unique plants and trees - Siberian fir, aspen, spruce, pine and birch. The forests remain untouched and preserved in their original form. The Shorsky National Park boasts rare plants - large-flowered lady's slipper, Siberian kandyk, pink radiola grow here. Currently, about twenty species of unique endangered plants have been registered in the park. The fauna of the reserve is also interesting - there are Siberian mole, ermine, weasel, American mink, wolverine, elk, lynx and other mammals. The avifauna of the Shorsky park is represented by 108 species, among them there are black stork, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, osprey, which are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. More than 70 natural attractions are described on the territory of the park - the Marble Rocks waterfalls, the Mras river valley with caves, Kul-Taiga with a mountain lake.

slide 13


Slide 14


The park was created in order to preserve the unique areas of growth of cedar, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as to preserve the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality

slide 15


"Tomskaya Pisanitsa" - an open-air museum-reserve

slide 16


Slide 17

Vegetable world. The vegetation cover of the park is dominated by black taiga. Forests are represented by mountain types of communities. Communities with Siberian pine and Siberian fir predominate. Spruce, pine, downy birch, and aspen are much less common. In the age structure, the share of middle-aged and ripening plantations is the most significant. The proportion of mature stands is only about one fifth of the forested land. The most common are large-herb and broad-herb types of forest communities. Less significant is the proportion of moss and shrub-forb forest types with bird cherry and mountain ash in the undergrowth, and in the grass cover with female kochedyzhnik, bracken, northern wrestler, high larkspur, forest kupyr. The share of other forest types is insignificant. In the forests of the mid-mountainous part of Shoria, the unique and rich flora of the mountains of Southern Siberia is preserved. Its botanical attractions are such rare plant species as Siberian kandyk, large-flowered lady's slipper, real lady's slipper, rosea rhodiola.

It was established in 1989 and is located in the highest part of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge on the territory of Tisulsky, Novokuznetsky and Mezhdurechensky districts.
Kuznetsk Alatau (from the Turkic language "motley mountains") is a highland in the south of Western Siberia, about 300 km long, the highest height is 2211 m.
The purpose of the creation of the reserve is the protection of slightly disturbed forest ecosystems, as well as the protection of the reindeer population.

The place on the banks of the Kiya in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region is the only "cemetery of dinosaurs" in our country.
In the vicinity of the village of Shestako-vo on the right bank of the river, a huge number of bones of animals that inhabited the earth more than 130 mln years ago are hidden underground.

Here was found the skeleton of a dinosaur, which was named "Psittacosaurus sibirikus". This is a small two-meter dinosaur with an unusual head shape and a beak, like a parrot.
Fifty million years ago, the climate of Siberia was much warmer, and the vegetation was very different from the modern one.
Instead of taiga, there were thermophilic forests of beech, alder, linden, maple, oak and walnut.
Deciduous forests were noisy even where the tundra now stretches.
The remnant of this in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin is "Lime Island" - a patch of lindens preserved among the world of coniferous vegetation alien to them.

The first people appeared on the territory of the Kemerovo region
400 thousand years ago. They could make from natural material
(stone, bone, wood) tools. The inhabitants of the Stone Age hunted, fished, gathered fruits and roots.

A real ancient stone treasure was found near the village of Kuzedeevo.
At that time, the nature of Kuzbass was completely different. Here lived: Siberian woolly rhinos, cave bears, mammoths. The remains of mammoths are often found in the Belovsky, Guryevsky and Prokopevsky regions.
These animals were huge: the weight of a mammoth could reach six tons!

Mammoth

cave bear

woolly rhinoceros

Five thousand years ago, people who lived in our region began to make the first metal products (copper, bronze), mastered the technique of smelting.
Traces of ancient metallurgy were found by archaeologists on Lake Tanai (Promyshlennovsky district).

Metal melting

bronze ingot

Lake Tanay

The most interesting monuments of our region of the Bronze Age are petroglyphs - rock paintings of ancient people.
Ancient people loved to depict animals, hunting scenes, and often painted the sun.
All pisanitsy are located along the banks of the Tom.
The largest is the world famous 60 km from Kemerovo.
More than two and a half thousand years ago, the age of iron begins.
Weapons and tools began to be made mainly from it, since iron ores are more common than copper ones.
The skill and craftsmanship of people has grown significantly, because getting iron, making iron products is quite difficult.

In the V-VI centuries AD. Turks began to penetrate into the Kuznetsk land - nomads from the neighboring Altai.
They had a strong influence on the tribes living here. Teleuts, Tomsk Tatars are the direct descendants of the Turks. The Shors are an indigenous people who adopted the language and customs of the nomads.
The Teleuts are one of the most prosperous Turkic families in the past. Their camps stretched from Altai far to the north. They were the first of the peoples of our region who voluntarily accepted Russian citizenship. Now they live in Novokuznetsk and Belovsky districts.

The Shors lived in the mountain taiga, along the rivers Kondoma, Mras-Su and their tributaries. They were skilled hunters and fishermen.
The Russians called them "blacksmiths" - for their ability to melt iron and make weapons from it.
From them came the name of our region - the Kuznetsk land.
The annexation of Siberia to Russia actively began in the 16th century.
Russian servicemen began to move deep into Siberia and set up fortified fortresses to protect new lands.
The first prison that arose in our region was called "Kuznetsky".

The place was chosen very well: the confluence of two large rivers, around the vast fields for arable land and livestock, not far from the forest for hunting, a lot of fish in the rivers.
Ostrog was set up on the land of the Shors to protect them from raids by hostile tribes and to collect tribute from the new subjects of the Russian Tsar.
Kuznetsk prison for a long time remained an important fortress of Russia.
Tsar Peter I ordered to search for and extract ores, therefore, miners began to visit Siberia more and more often.
During his trip to the Kuznetsk Territory, the explorer Mikhailo Volkov saw a "burnt mountain". It was a coal fire.

This discovery came in handy, in Russia the metallurgical industry was actively developing, which required more and more fuel.
Over time, it became clear that the Kuznetsk Territory had huge reserves of coal and iron, gold and silver, that metallurgical plants and mines needed to be built here.
In the future, this began to be actively carried out. In 1816, a metallurgical plant began to operate in the city of Guryevsk, and in 1883, the first mine was put into operation in Kolchugino (now the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky).

Our region in its history was part of different regions and regions: Tobolsk province, Tomsk province, Siberian region, Novosibirsk region.
And finally, in 1943, the Kemerovo region was formed.
And the Kuznetsk Territory was first called Kuzbass by the scientist Pyotr Chikhachev.
In 1842, he explored it, discovered that this area has huge reserves of coal and named it "Kuznetsk Coal Basin" or "Kuzbass" for short.
From July to August 2008, Kuzbass residents took part in a regional competition in which they chose unique symbols of their native land. 10 characters have been selected.

But every year the state of nature is getting worse. More and more people intervene in her life. The diversity of animal species is declining, forests are disappearing, rivers are drying up, lakes are swamping. The earth could become uninhabitable for humans if no action is taken.
There is only one way out - to save nature. This can be done with the help of nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and natural memorial sites.

The Kemerovo region is located in the southeast of Western Siberia and is located almost at an equal distance from the western and eastern borders of Russia.
The natural resources of the region, its flora and fauna are huge and varied. But a person does not always value, mercilessly uses and cares little about the preservation of these riches.

Therefore, there was a need to organize reserves and reserves in the Kuzbass.
On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the reserve of federal significance "Kuznetsk Alatau", the national park "Shorsky", the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomskayapisanitsa" and 14 nature reserves.

Reserve
"Kuznetsk Alatau"

Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tyskyls. These tyskyls rise above the border of the forests.

"Alatau" in translation from the Turkic language means "Motley Mountains". This name accurately reflects the first impression of the bright colors of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

The Kuznetsk Alatau State Nature Reserve was established on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of the Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region.
The terrain is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and reservoirs.

In the reserve there are sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the rivers Tom and Chulym.

Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian cedar pine.

In deciduous forests, there is meadowsweet, yellow acacia, bird cherry, chokeberry cotoneaster and wild rose.
There are many clearings in the fir forests. They grow: high wrestler, Siberian skerda, various-leaved calamus, nettle, high honeysuckle.
Downy birch, willow, currant, shrubby alder and mountain ash grow along the valleys of taiga rivers.

In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve.
There are 41 species of little-studied and rare birds in the reserve, the number of which is gradually decreasing.
Typical settled inhabitants of the taiga are capercaillie, nutcracker, jay, kuksha, nuthatch and others.

The fish fauna of the reserve consists of 13 species. Siberian grayling and taimen live in mountain rivers.
In slowly flowing waters - pike, perch and burbot.
In the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau, there are 5 species of amphibians, but only two species have been recorded on the territory of the reserve - the common toad and the moored frog. Of the 6 species of reptiles in the Kemerovo region, only two have been found so far within the reserve - the viviparous lizard and the common viper.

The mammalian fauna of the Kuznetsk Alatau includes 65 species. Most are inhabitants of the taiga. This is a badger, a tiny shrew, an otter, an Altai mole, a chipmunk, a red-gray vole and others.
Brown bear, fox, wolf and elk are also widely represented in the forests of the reserve.
A feature of the Kuznetsk Alatau can be considered an exceptional snow cover in terms of height for the region, reaching an average of 3-5 meters across the territory of the reserve, and up to 10-15 meters in intermountain depressions.
The protection regime of the reserve allows to effectively protect non-nomadic animals, such as sable, and preserve migratory animals, such as reindeer.
Illegal hunting most seriously affects nomadic species of animals - roe deer, elk, deer.

Kuznetsk Alatau is a beautiful and unique place!
White snowfields lie next to flowering meadows, the blue sky is reflected in the mirrors of the lakes, and snow-white clouds creep so low that they often cling to the sharp gray peaks of the rocks.
The animal and plant world is amazingly rich and diverse. And how you want to keep it intact and clean, because human activity sometimes causes irreparable damage to nature.
For this purpose, the reserve "Kuznetsk Alatau" was created in the Kemerovo region. Here, endangered plants and animals have finally found protection for themselves!

national park
"Shorsky"

The Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of the Decree of the Soviet Government of December 27, 1989.
The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region on the territory of the Tashtagol district.
The length of the territory of the national park from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.

The park was created in order to preserve the unique areas of growth of cedar, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as to preserve the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality.

The territory of the Shorsky National Park is the place of residence of a small indigenous Turkic-speaking group - the mountain Shor people.
The Shors live mainly in the south of the Kemerovo region, along the banks of the rivers Tom, Mrassu, Kondoma.
Their number is about 15 thousand people.
Until the 18th century, the Shors were known for their ability to mine and smelt iron ore,
blacksmith craft.
The traditional occupations of the Shors were also hunting, farming, harvesting wild-growing edible plants, fishing and beekeeping.
The Shors also knew how to make pottery, process wood and leather, and weave material.
Ancient legends and tales of Mountain Shoria are part of the national culture of the Shors. For centuries they kept their epic, retold it to each other.
Legends teach that you can’t do evil, you can’t take revenge, envy; They teach that good always triumphs over evil. We must live in harmony with nature, take care of our loved ones and the fragile world that surrounds us.
Since ancient times, the Shors have felt unity with wildlife, endowed everything that surrounded them with a soul: mountains, rivers, wind, plants, animals.
Here is one of the legends that tells about the origin of the main rivers of Gornaya Shoria and Kuzbass.
There was a hunter named Tom in Gornaya Shoria. And there was a beautiful girl, the daughter of a rich bai. Her name was Marsu. The guy fell in love with Mrassu and wanted to marry her. But the rich father opposed: he did not want such a groom for his daughter. Bai sent a hunter to where streams and rivers originate, and made it a river.
Mrassu grieved and wept so much that she herself turned into a river and flowed to her beloved.
On the way, a rough rock blocked her path. Mrassu's chest was crushed by a rock, and she fell into the river. Until now, huge stones lie in the river, forming rapids. Mrassu rushes swiftly and furiously through the taiga and the rapids to where it forever merges with Tomyu.

The forests of the middle mountainous part of Shoria are almost not affected by economic activity and are preserved in their original form.

Currently, more than 60 rare and endangered species of plants listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Kemerovo region have been identified in the territory of the national park. The leading plants of the national park are cedar, Siberian fir, aspen.

6 species of birds are also listed in the Red Book: black stork, gray heron, needle-tailed swift, golden eagle, peregrine falcon.
About 60 species of mammals live in the park. Among them are muskrat, weasel, hare, squirrel, musk deer.

There are many natural monuments on the territory of the national park. One of them is the Saga waterfall.
Waterfall "Saga" occupies 30,000 square meters. m, located on the Sholbychak stream (left bank of the Mrassu), 300 m from the Mrassu River.
An eighteen-meter waterfall falls in several cascades into a small icy lake.
At the waterfall there is a small grotto, turning into a cave with a very narrow entrance.

"Royal Gates" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the river Mrassu. The cliffs are 100 meters high and sheer into the water.
They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tinge. In cloudy weather, they become gloomy gray with a purple tint.

Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! Strong, original and talented Shor people have been living here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection.
For this, the Shorsky State Natural National Park was created.

caregiver : Now tell me what you learned new ...... (ANSWERS)

Website materials used: , history, culture of Kuzbass)

Part II. SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

Section 2. STATE NATURE RESERVES OF THE KEMEROVSK REGION

Decree of the Collegium of the Administration of the Kemerovo Region dated October 14, 2009 No. 412

"On State Nature Reserves of the Kemerovo Region" the validity period of the existing state nature reserves of the Kemerovo Region has been extended. As of December 31, 2009, there were 12 state nature reserves of regional significance in the Kemerovo region, intended to restore the number of game animals (Table 2.1).

Table 2.1

State natural reserves of the Kemerovo region

2.1. Reforming the regional system of protected areas

The total area of ​​protected areas in the Kemerovo Region is 1,315,505.6 hectares, which is one of the highest rates in Russia. However, despite this, the existing system of protected areas is not effective enough to preserve natural complexes and maintain the normal functioning of the components of the natural environment. Protected areas of federal importance, occupying 60% of the total area of ​​protected areas, have a relatively low impact on the restoration of the air basin of the Kemerovo region. Due to the fact that they are geographically located in the east and southeast of the region, in conditions of the predominance of western air mass transfer, they have a greater impact on the Republic of Khakassia than on the Kemerovo region. The existing migration routes of ungulates show that the wintering areas of roe deer, elks, marals are located outside the region - in the Republic of Khakassia. The state natural reserves of the Kemerovo region provide only protection of hunting and commercial species of animals.

Specially protected natural areas of the Kemerovo region currently represent isolated and semi-isolated areas of nature of varying degrees of preservation, which are not interconnected, and, therefore, are not a normally functioning system of protected areas. The existing specially protected natural territories do not cover many landscapes of the Kemerovo region. The protection of landscapes of the steppe and southern taiga (sub)types is completely absent; landscapes of subtaiga, forest-steppe, foothill light-coniferous mountain-taiga types and taiga-forest-steppe type of light-coniferous-birch forests can be traced only on the territory of zoological reserves. The protection of swamps is actually carried out only on the territory of protected areas of federal significance, which include only swamps of middle and high mountains, swamps of the flat territory (the unique complex of Shestakovskiye swamps) remain without protection. Therefore, there is a need to establish integrated protection or organize new protected areas for the protection of these types of landscapes.

2.2. State natural reserve "Antibessky"

The Antibessky reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northern part of the region on the territory of the Izhmorsky, Mariinsky and Chebulinsky districts (Fig. 2.1). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Letyazhka, Izhmorsky district. Its area is 47738.7 hectares. The reserve got its name from the Antibes River, in the basin of which it is located.

The reserve was created in order to protect and reproduce the beaver. The territory of the reserve is characterized by a hilly-ridged relief with wide marshy valleys of small streams and rivers. Thickets of willow and aspen grow abundantly along the banks of the rivers. This allowed in 1960 to release in the river. Antibes and its tributaries are beavers, which are well established.

Rice. 2.1. Grass-forb meadow of the Antibessky reserve

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Antibessky", conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The fauna of the reserve's vertebrates is typical for the flat taiga in the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau and is represented by 235 species of vertebrates, of which 1 lamprey species, 18 fish species, 2 amphibian species, 4 reptile species, 158 bird species and 52 mammal species.

Of the total composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 14 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The flora of the reserve includes 566 species of higher vascular plants. Bryophytes growing on the territory of the reserve are not well studied. The Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 13 plant species.

The territory of the reserve "Antibessky" is of considerable interest as an object of biodiversity conservation in the Kemerovo region. In the northwestern part of the reserve, the complex of Antibes marshes extends. Bog ecosystems of this type and scale are unique for the Kemerovo region, they include a large number of representatives of the orchid family, listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.3. State natural reserve "Barzassky"

The reserve is located in the low-mountain taiga in the north of the region on the territory of the Kemerovo district and covers part of the Barzas river basin, from which it got its name (Fig. 2.2). The reserve covers an area of ​​62469.4 hectares. It was created for the purpose of breeding the river beaver in the Kemerovo region (Barzas river basin). From the territory of the reserve, beavers actively settle in the surrounding lands and currently do not need special protection measures.

The territory of the reserve has a hilly relief and is covered with fir-aspen taiga. Cedar is found in the composition of tree plantations. Significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests on the site of old clearings and burnt areas. Numerous network of rivers and streams with willow thickets creates favorable conditions for beavers to live. Along with beavers, elk, roe deer, capercaillie and black grouse live in the reserve; brown bear, mink, Siberian weasel, otter, sable, squirrel, etc. However, in recent years, the number of bear, elk and sable has been declining.

Rice. 2.2. Dark coniferous forest on the banks of the river. Barzas

A comprehensive environmental survey conducted in 2006 on the territory of the state natural reserve "Barzassky" showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 226 species of vertebrates, which is 46.1% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish - 13 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 2 species, birds - 154 species, mammals - 52 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 261 species of higher vascular plants and 28 species of bryophytes.

Among plants and animals, a large number of species are of economic and environmental importance: 10 species of plants and 18 species of animals found on the territory of the Barzassky reserve are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region; 3 species of birds - in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.4. Belsinsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve is located on the territory of the Mezhdurechensky district in the basin of the river. Belsu on the western slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau (Fig. 2.3). Its area is 77334 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in Mezhdurechensk. The relief of the reserve is mountainous, the maximum heights reach 2178 m above sea level. The reserve is located in the mid-mountain belt of dark coniferous taiga with a predominance of fir and cedar.

Rice. 2.3. Dark coniferous forest on the banks of the river. Belsu

The reserve "Belsinsky" was created in order to protect and reproduce sable, but a complex of game animals is subject to protection in it, since migration routes of ungulates, mainly deer and roe deer, pass here; there is an elk and a reindeer.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Belsinsky state nature reserve, conducted in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity. At the same time, a significant number of valuable and rare species of plants and animals live in this territory.

The fauna of the reserve is quite diverse, the main hunting and commercial species are especially well represented. All kinds of ungulates and predators living in the Kemerovo region can be found here without exception. The abundant forage base attracts sable, otter, mink and other valuable game animals here. The reindeer lives on the slopes of the mountains bordering the valley of the river. Bels. Valuable species of fish are found in the river: taimen, uskuch, grayling, etc. However, in terms of the biological diversity of vertebrates and invertebrates, it does not fundamentally stand out against the background of the mountain taiga territories of the Kemerovo region, 164 species of vertebrates live here, of which 14 species are fish, 2 amphibian species, 1 reptile species, 99 bird species and 46 mammal species.

The flora of the reserve "Belsinsky" includes 345 species of vascular plants belonging to 216 genera, 60 families. The most rich in species composition are the following families: Asteraceae, Bluegrass, Rosaceae, Sedge, Carnation, Ranunculaceae, Celery, Legumes, Norichnikovye.

18 species of plants, 4 species of animals, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.

The Belsinsky nature reserve together with the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve performs an important function of preserving mountain and taiga ecosystems, as well as certain species of rare and economically valuable plants and animals.

2.5. State natural reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky"

The reserve "Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky" is located on the left bank of the river. Tom in the Belovsky and Krapivinsky districts (Fig. 2.4). Its area is 63378 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The river flows along the eastern border of the reserve. Bungarap, along the southwestern - r. Inya, along the western - r. Mungat, Taradanovsky ridge is located in the center.

Rice. 2.4. The border of the Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky reserve along the river. Tom

The reserve was created in order to protect and reproduce the beaver. At present, beavers have mastered the valleys of taiga rivers and began to settle outside the reserve. On the territory of the reserve there is one of the largest winter camps for elk in the region.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state nature reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky", conducted in 2007, showed that the richness of flora and fauna is determined by the location of the reserve on the border of three landscape formations - floodplain-valley landscapes (the Tom River, the Inya River), the forest-steppes of the Kuznetsk depressions and mountain dark coniferous forests of the Kuznetsk Alatau. Therefore, species belonging to different ecological and geographical complexes are combined on the territory of the reserve. The fauna of the reserve is represented by 304 species of vertebrates, including 1 species of lamprey, 23 species of fish, 3 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 216 species of birds and 56 species of mammals. The easternmost and the only population of the common newt in Kuzbass lives on the territory of the reserve. A special place is occupied by game animals and birds. On the territory of the reserve, these species are diverse and quite numerous. Among the hunting species there are almost all representatives of the commercial fauna of the Kemerovo region. Due to the inaccessibility of most areas of the reserve, the presence of diverse and sufficient habitats, good conditions have been created for the reproduction of most hunting species: mink, beaver, muskrat, column, bear, upland and waterfowl.

Of the variety of animals recorded in the reserve, 46 species of vertebrates and 5 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region. For a number of species (newt, snake, peregrine falcon), the territory of the reserve is the only place where stable and relatively numerous populations exist.

656 species of higher plants belonging to 100 families grow on the territory of the reserve. The most rich in species composition are the families Compositae - 71 species, Cereals (Poagrassaceae) - 55 species, Legumes and Ranunculaceae - 34 species each, Rosaceae - 33 species, Umbelliferae and Sedge 23 species each, Carnation 22 species. 28 species of rare plants included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region have been registered.

2.6. State natural reserve "Gorskinsky"

The Gorskinsky nature reserve is located in the Guryev district in the foothills of the Salair Ridge and has a hilly terrain. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Kochkurovka, Guryevsky district. The main watercourses are the Biryulya and Ur rivers. Its area is 12980.3 hectares. The main forest-forming species is pine. Most of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forest-steppes and shrubs (Fig. 2.5). Pine forests with numerous fields and meadows attract roe deer, elk and other valuable game animals to the reserve.

Rice. 2.5. Forest-steppes of the Gorskinsky reserve

The original purpose of the reserve is the protection of wood grouse. In the future, the Gorskinsky nature reserve was defined according to its profile as a complex zoological one, where capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse and partridge are subject to protection.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the reserve, conducted in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is characterized by increased biological diversity, which is explained by the large mosaic nature of biotopes in a relatively small area.

The fauna of the reserve is quite rich: 183 species of vertebrates live here, including 13 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 118 species of birds and 47 species of mammals. On the territory of the reserve there are 5 rare species of animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve includes 612 species belonging to 87 families and 327 genera. The largest families of flora are: Asteraceae - 76 species, Cereals - 58 species, Legumes - 36 species, Rosaceae - 35 species, Cabbage - 30 species, Ranunculaceae - 28 species, Sedge - 26 species and others. The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve contains 18 species included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.7. State natural reserve "Kitatsky"

The Kitatsky nature reserve is located in the northern part of the Kemerovo region, on the territory of the Yaya district, its area is 47951.1 hectares, the relief is flat. The main rivers on the territory of the reserve are Kitat, Katat, Kuerbak (Fig. 2.6). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Ulanovka.

Rice. 2.6. Communities of aquatic plants of the river. Chinat

The composition of tree plantations is dominated by dark coniferous species (fir, cedar), significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests in clearings and burnt areas. More than a third of the territory of the reserve is occupied by open forest-steppe areas where agricultural production is carried out.

The main task of the reserve is to preserve and ensure the reproduction of the beaver, the number of which has stabilized at the optimal level. The functional status of the reserve is determined by the abundance of semi-aquatic mammal species (mink, otter, beaver, muskrat) inhabiting the Kuerbak and Kitat rivers. Of these, the only protected species is the otter.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Kitatsky state nature reserve, conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

The vertebrate fauna is typical of the lowland taiga of the West Siberian Plain. According to preliminary data, 233 species of vertebrates live here, of which 1 species of lamprey, 18 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 156 species of birds and 52 species of mammals. The list of protected species of the Kemerovo region includes 10 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects. For the north of the Kemerovo region, the fauna of the reserve is not unique in terms of species composition and the presence of protected species. It is typical of the southern lowland taiga and subtaiga (birch) forests. Many species of commercial fauna are classified as common or rare (fox, sable, Siberian weasel, ermine, polecat, gray partridge). The reserve has lost its significance as a winter stopover for elk or roe deer, because their numbers are rather low.

In total, 366 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 67 families have been recorded on the territory of the reserve. The most rich in species composition are the families Compositae - 35 species, Cereals (Poa grasses) - 34 species, Rosaceae - 27 species. Only 2 species of rare and protected plants included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region have been noted on the territory of the reserve.

2.8. Nizhne-Tomsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northwestern part of the Kemerovo region - in the Yurginsky district. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makurino. Its area is 28485.5 hectares. The relief of the reserve is a slightly wavy flat plain, cut in the central part by a wide valley of the river. Tom, with a large number of floodplain lakes (Fig. 2.7). Significant areas of the reserve are occupied by coniferous forests, among which pine is more common, less often - fir, spruce and cedar. Open forest-steppe areas (more than a third of the territory of the reserve) have been developed for agricultural land. Numerous aspen-birch pegs are a convenient habitat for Siberian roe deer and elk.

The purpose of the reserve is the comprehensive protection of the animal world, including elk, roe deer, capercaillie, black grouse and partridge.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Nizhne-Tomsky State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in terms of the concentration of rare species. The vast majority of rare species are concentrated in a limited eastern part of the reserve - in the floodplain of the river. Tom.

On the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve, 272 species of vertebrates were found, which is 56.2% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish - 23 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 4 species, birds - 196 species, mammals - 47 species.

The fauna of the reserve contains 20 species of vertebrates included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 12 species, mammals - 4 species. Of the vertebrates living on the territory of the reserve, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds and 1 species of mammals are included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region.

Fig 2.7. General view of the Nizhne-Tomsky reserve in the area of ​​​​Varyukhinskaya Kurya

The flora of higher vascular plants of the Nizhne-Tomsk Reserve includes 662 species belonging to 339 genera and 92 families. Spore plants include 18 species, of which 11 species are ferns. The most numerous in terms of the number of species of the family are: Compositae - 85 species, Cereal (Poa) - 50 species, Sedge - 38 species, Rosaceae and Legumes - 35 species each, Cruciferous - 32 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 22 plant species found on the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve.

2.9. State natural reserve "Pisaniy"

The reserve is located in the northwestern part of the region, in the forest-steppe part of the Yashkinsky and Kemerovo regions on the right bank of the river. Tom in the lower part of the river basin. Written (Fig. 2.8). Its area is 29415.5 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Pacha of the Yashkinsky district. The relief of the reserve is a hilly plain, heavily dissected by ravines. Among the massifs of aspen-birch forests there are pine and cedar forests. The "Pisaniy" reserve is complex. In the reserve, a protective regime has been established for elk, roe deer, otter, black grouse, hazel grouse, ordinary column, hare, squirrel, fox, mink and lynx.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Pisaniy", conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in terms of the concentration of rare species. The largest number of rare species was noted along the Tom River and in the vicinity of the Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve.

Rice. 2.8. Right root bank of the river. Tom reserve "Pisaniy"

The fauna of the "Pisaniy" reserve is represented by 258 species of vertebrates (53.3% of the fauna of the region), including: fish - 18 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 188 species, mammals - 45 species.

The fauna of the reserve and the nearest adjacent territories includes 30 species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 21 species, mammals - 5 species.

The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 2 species.

The fauna of invertebrates of the "Pisaniy" reserve has been studied in fragments. Research concerns only rare species. In total, 4 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted, including hymenoptera - 2 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Pisany Reserve contains 6 species of invertebrates - candidates for the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, having the status of declining species (category A) and stable species (category B), of which dragonflies - 1 species, hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 4 species. Provided that the habitats are preserved, their numbers can be restored.

When assessing the significance of the reserve, it should be taken into account that most rare birds stay on the territory of the reserve temporarily, during migrations and flights. Many of them are waterfowl.

The flora of the reserve includes 615 species of higher vascular plants, of which 20 plant species are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.10. Razdolny State Nature Reserve

The reserve "Razdolny" is located on the territory of the Yurginsky and Topkinsky districts. Its area is 14118.6 hectares. The relief of the reserve is hilly. The rivers Iskitim and Kamenka originate on the territory of the reserve.

The main type of vegetation is forest-steppe, swampy in places (Fig. 2.9). Birch-aspen pegs sometimes form quite large arrays. In addition, there are several isolated pine forests. Steppe areas, which occupy almost half of the territory of the reserve, are used for agriculture. The reserve is located in a densely populated area with a well-developed network of roads. There are no settlements within the territory of the reserve, but there are quite a lot of them along its borders.

The Razdolny nature reserve is complex, but its main purpose is to protect moose and roe deer in the winter camp.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the state natural reserve "Razdolny", conducted in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is not distinguished by increased biological diversity.

Fig.2.9. Rogozovo-forb bog on the territory of the reserve "Razdolny"

The fauna of the reserve is typical for the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk basin. The absence of large reservoirs on the territory of the reserve explains the relative poverty of the vertebrate fauna. According to preliminary data, 188 species of vertebrates live here, including 9 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 130 species of birds and 44 species of mammals.

Of the total composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 5 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

495 species of plants belonging to 82 families grow on the territory of the reserve. The families of Compositae (60 species) and Cereals (Meatlikovye) are the richest in species composition - 43 species. 6 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.11. Salairsky State Nature Reserve

The Salairsky reserve is located on the northeastern tip of the foothills of the Salair Ridge in the Promyshlennovsky and Guryevsky districts. Its area is 35449 hectares. The center of the reserve - with. Zhuravlevo Promyshlenny district. The reserve is located in the foothills of the Salair Ridge (Fig. 2.10). The main watercourses are the rivers Istok, Chebura, Kasma.

Forest areas are represented mainly by fir-aspen taiga, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen low forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas. Insignificant areas of open forest-steppe areas are used for agriculture. The "Salairsky" reserve was created as a species reserve in order to protect and reproduce the elk.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Salairsky State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that, despite the long history of development of the ridge, the vegetation cover still contains significant areas of natural intact vegetation, fragmented areas of which are scattered throughout the ridge. On the territory of the Salairsky reserve, various plant communities are represented: steppe, forest, meadow, swamp, near-water, which suggests the presence of rich flora and fauna.

Rice. 2.10. Steppe communities on rocky outcrops

The fauna of the reserve is represented by 241 species of vertebrates (49.8% of the fauna of the region), including: fish - 9 species, amphibians and reptiles - 6 species, birds - 170 species, mammals - 56 species.

The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 26 species of vertebrates, including: birds - 19 species, mammals - 7 species (only bats), the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 1 species of amphibians, 3 species of birds and 2 species of mammals.

On the territory of the reserve, 11 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted, including: dragonflies - 3 species, hemipterans - 1 species, hymenoptera - 5 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Salair Reserve contains 4 species included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region, which have the status of endangered species (category A) and stable species (category B).

The floristic diversity of the study area is 682 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 95 families and 343 genera. Vascular spore plants (horsetails, ferns) are represented by 24 species, including 15 species of ferns. The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 27 plant species.

2.12. Saltymakovskiy State Nature Reserve

The Saltymakovskiy reserve is located on the territory of the Krapivinskiy district. Its territory covers part of the river basin. Taidon and a significant part of the Saltymakov Range. In the low mountains of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge, the reserve borders on the protected zone of the state nature reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau". Its area is 31,795.4 hectares, the relief of the territory is low-mountainous, the maximum heights reach 720 m above sea level (Fig. 2.11). The main watercourses are the Taydon and Ilmen rivers. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The Saltymakovskiy reserve was created as a species reserve for the protection and reproduction of the elk. Dark coniferous taiga (fir and cedar) prevails, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen low forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas.

A comprehensive ecological survey of the Saltymakovskiy State Nature Reserve, conducted in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is rich, diverse and of considerable interest from the point of view of practical solutions to the problems of biological diversity conservation.

Rice. 2.11. General view of the Saltymakovskiy Reserve

The fauna of the reserve contains 262 species of vertebrates (54.1% of the fauna of the region), including cyclostomes - 1 species, fish - 20 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 184 species, mammals - 50 species.

On the territory of the reserve there are 37 species of vertebrates included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 26 species, mammals - 7 species. The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 3 species.

On the territory of the Saltymakovskiy reserve, 4 species of invertebrates included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region were noted. The Red Book Appendix includes 4 species of invertebrates: dragonflies - 1 species, Hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 2 species.

The flora of the reserve includes 564 species of higher vascular plants, of which 23 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo region.

2.13. Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky State Nature Reserve

The reserve "Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky" is located on the territory of the Tisulsky and Chebulinsky districts. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makaraksky, Tisulsky district. Its area is 23897.1 hectares. The territory of the reserve has a low-mountain relief and is drained by the river system. Kiya with a tributary of the river. Casing (Fig. 2.12). A small amount of precipitation falling in winter (up to 200 mm) leads to the formation of a thin snow cover, which attracts deer and roe deer from all surrounding areas for wintering.

Rice. 2.12. River valley kiya

Comprehensive environmental survey conducted on the territory of the state nature reserve

"Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky" in 2007 showed that the flora and fauna of the reserve are diverse. This is determined by its location at the junction of the forest-steppe regions of the north-east of the region and the mountain-taiga territories of the northern spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau.

There are 255 species of vertebrates on the territory of the reserve, of which 1 species of lamprey, 22 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 171 species of birds and 55 species of mammals. The Red Book of the Kemerovo region includes 18 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects.

The flora of the reserve is represented by 403 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 73 families. The dominant position is occupied by flowering plants - 378 species. The richest in species composition are the families of Compositae - 45 species, Cereals (Poat grasses) - 32 species, Rosaceae - 26 species, Legumes - 23 species. In the flora of the reserve, 20 species of rare plants listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region with different protection status were identified, of which 4 species are the large-flowered slipper (Cypripedium macranthon), the nest flower (Neottianthe cucullata), the helmeted orchis (Orchis militaris) and the leafless chin (Epipogium aphyllum) are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

The Kemerovo Region is located in the southern part of Western Siberia and was formed on January 26, 1943. Area 95, 7 thousand square meters. kilometers, population 2885 thousand people. BUT A PERSON DOES NOT ALWAYS VALUE, USE MERCIOUSLY AND CARES LITTLE ABOUT THE PRESERVATION OF THESE RICHES.

"Tomskaya Pisanitsa" Kuznetsk Alatau Therefore, there was a need to organize reserves and reserves in the Kuzbass. On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the reserve of federal significance "Kuznetsk Alatau", the national park "Shorsky", the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomsk Pisanitsa" and 14 nature reserves. Shorsky Park

Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tyskyls. These tyskyls rise above the border of the forests. "Alatau" in translation from the Turkic language means "Motley Mountains". This name accurately reflects the first impression of the bright colors of the Kuznetsk Alatau. Chulym Tom The Kuznetsk Alatau State Nature Reserve was established on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region. The terrain is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and reservoirs.

In the reserve there are sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the rivers Tom and Chulym. Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian cedar pine. Spruce Cedar pine Siberian Fir

In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve. There are 41 species of little-studied and rare birds in the reserve, the number of which is gradually decreasing. Typical settled inhabitants of the taiga are capercaillie, nutcracker, jay, kuksha, nuthatch and others. The fish fauna of the reserve consists of 13 species. Siberian grayling and taimen live in mountain rivers. In slowly flowing waters - pike, perch and burbot. In the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau, there are 5 species of amphibians, but only two species have been recorded on the territory of the reserve - the common toad and the moored frog. Of the 6 species of reptiles in the Kemerovo region, only two have been found so far within the reserve - the viviparous lizard and the common viper.

Shorsky National Park The Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of a decree of the Soviet Government dated December 27, 1989. The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region on the territory of the Tashtagolsky district. The length of the territory of the national park from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.

The park was created in order to preserve the unique areas of growth of cedar, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as to preserve the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality.

The forests of the middle mountainous part of Shoria are almost not affected by economic activity and are preserved in their original form.

"Royal Gates" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the river Mrassu. The cliffs are 100 meters high and sheer into the water. They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tinge. In cloudy weather, they become gloomy gray with a purple tint.

Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! Strong, original and talented Shor people have been living here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection. For this, the Shorsky State Natural National Park was created.