The problem of the influence of the beauty of nature on a person (K. G. Paustovsky “Central Russia is an extraordinary country. It’s enough to see...”) (Unified State Examination in Russian). The influence of nature on humans (Unified State Examination in Russian) Examples of the influence of nature on humans arguments

Everyone knows that man and nature are inextricably linked with each other, and we see it every day. This is the blowing of the wind, and sunsets and sunrises, and the ripening of buds on the trees. Under her influence, society took shape, personalities developed, and art was formed. But we also have to the world reciprocal influence, but most often negative. The environmental problem was, is and will always be relevant. So, many writers touched on it in their works. This selection lists the most striking and powerful arguments from world literature that address the issue of the mutual influence of nature and man. They are available for download in table format (link at the end of the article).

1. Astafiev Viktor Petrovich, “Tsar Fish”. This is one of the most famous works the great Soviet writer Viktor Astafiev. The main theme of the story is the unity and confrontation between man and nature. The writer points out that each of us bears responsibility for what he has done and what happens in the world around him, no matter whether good or bad. The work also touches on the problem of large-scale poaching, when a hunter, not paying attention to prohibitions, kills and thereby wipes out entire species of animals from the face of the earth. Thus, by pitting his hero Ignatyich against Mother Nature in the person of the Tsar Fish, the author shows that the personal destruction of our habitat threatens the death of our civilization.
2. Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich, “Fathers and Sons.” A disdainful attitude towards nature is also discussed in Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. Evgeny Bazarov, an avowed nihilist, states bluntly: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” He does not enjoy the environment, does not find anything mysterious and beautiful in it, any manifestation of it is trivial to him. In his opinion, “nature should be useful, this is its purpose.” He believes that you need to take what she gives - this is the unshakable right of each of us. As an example, we can recall the episode when Bazarov, being in bad mood, went into the forest and broke branches and everything else that came in his way. Neglecting the world around him, the hero fell into the trap of his own ignorance. Being a physician, he never made any great discoveries; nature did not give him the keys to her secret locks. He died from his own carelessness, becoming a victim of a disease for which he never invented a vaccine.
3. Vasiliev Boris Lvovich, “Don’t shoot white swans.” In his work, the author urges people to be more careful about nature, contrasting two brothers. A reserve forester named Buryanov, despite his responsible work, perceives the world around him as nothing other than a consumption resource. He easily and completely without a twinge of conscience cut down trees in the reserve in order to build himself a house, and his son Vova was even ready to torture the puppy he found to death. Fortunately, Vasiliev contrasts him with Yegor Polushkin, his cousin, who with all the kindness of his soul takes care of natural environment habitat, and it’s good that there are still people who care about nature and strive to preserve it.

Humanism and love for the environment

1. Ernest Hemingway, “The Old Man and the Sea.” In his philosophical story “The Old Man and the Sea,” which was based on a true event, the great American writer and the journalist touched on many topics, one of which is the problem of the relationship between man and nature. The author in his work shows a fisherman who serves as an example of how to treat the environment. The sea feeds the fishermen, but also voluntarily yields only to those who understand the elements, its language and life. Santiago also understands the responsibility that the hunter bears to the halo of his habitat, and feels guilty for extorting food from the sea. He is burdened by the thought that man kills his fellow men in order to feed himself. This is how you can understand the main idea of ​​the story: each of us must understand our inextricable connection with nature, feel guilty before it, and as long as we are responsible for it, guided by reason, then the Earth tolerates our existence and is ready to share its riches.
2. Nosov Evgeniy Ivanovich, “Thirty grains”. Another work that confirms that a humane attitude towards other living beings and nature is one of the main virtues of people is the book “Thirty Grains” by Evgeny Nosov. This shows the harmony between man and animal, the little titmouse. The author clearly demonstrates that all living beings are brothers by origin, and we need to live in friendship. At first, the titmouse was afraid to make contact, but she realized that in front of her was not someone who would catch him and be locked in a cage, but someone who would protect and help.
3. Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich, “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares.” This poem is familiar to every person since childhood. It teaches us to help our smaller brothers and take care of nature. Main character— Grandfather Mazai is a hunter, which means that hares should be, first of all, prey and food for him, but his love for the place where he lives turns out to be higher than the opportunity to get an easy trophy. He not only saves them, but also warns them not to come across him during the hunt. Isn't this a high feeling of love for Mother Nature?
4. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, “The Little Prince”. The main idea of ​​the work is heard in the voice of the main character: “You got up, washed, put yourself in order and immediately put your planet in order.” Man is not a king, not a king, and he cannot control nature, but he can take care of it, help it, follow its laws. If every inhabitant of our planet followed these rules, then our Earth would be completely safe. It follows from this that we need to take care of it, treat it more carefully, because all living things have a soul. We have tamed the Earth and must be responsible for it.

Environmental problem

• Rasputin Valentin “Farewell to Matera”. Valentin Rasputin showed the strong influence of man on nature in his story “Farewell to Matera”. On Matera, people lived in harmony with the environment, took care of the island and preserved it, but the authorities needed to build a hydroelectric power station, and decided to flood the island. So, the whole one went under water animal world, which no one took care of, only the inhabitants of the island felt guilty for the “betrayal” native land. This is how humanity destroys entire ecosystems due to the fact that it needs electricity and other resources necessary for modern life. It treats its conditions with trepidation and reverence, but completely forgets that entire species of plants and animals die and are destroyed forever because someone needed more comfort. Today, that area has ceased to be an industrial center, factories do not work, and dying villages do not need as much energy. This means that those sacrifices were completely in vain.
• Aitmatov Chingiz, “The Scaffold”. By destroying the environment, we destroy our lives, our past, present and future - this problem is raised in the novel “The Scaffold” by Chingiz Aitmatov, where the personification of nature is a family of wolves that is doomed to death. The harmony of life in the forest was disrupted by a man who came and destroyed everything in his path. People started hunting saigas, and the reason for such barbarity was that there was a difficulty with the meat delivery plan. Thus, the hunter mindlessly destroys the environment, forgetting that he himself is part of the system, and this will ultimately affect him.
• Astafiev Victor, “Lyudochka”. This work describes the consequence of the authorities’ disregard for the ecology of the entire region. People in a polluted city that smells of waste have gone wild and are attacking each other. They have lost naturalness, harmony in the soul, now they are ruled by conventions and primitive instincts. The main character becomes a victim of gang rape on the banks of a garbage river, where rotten waters flow - as rotten as the morals of the townspeople. No one helped or even sympathized with Lyuda; this indifference drove the girl to suicide. She hanged herself on a bare crooked tree, which is also dying from indifference. The poisonous, hopeless atmosphere of dirt and toxic fumes reflects on those who made it so.

The problem of the impact of nature on humans. I. P. Tsybulko 2020. Option No. 14. (“If you want to understand the soul of the forest...”)

What impact does nature have on humans? Can a person become a better person by communicating with nature? It is these questions that arise when reading the text of the Russian Soviet writer M. M. Prishvin.

Revealing the problem of the impact of nature on humans, the author relies on his own observations of such a natural phenomenon as a stream. The narrator walks along the bank of his favorite forest stream, and at this time he “sees, hears, thinks.” He sees how more and more new obstacles are born in the path of water and how the stream overcomes these obstacles. The life of a stream, like the life of a person, passes “sometimes in bubbles and foam, and sometimes in a joyful roll call among flowers and dancing shadows.”
Both of these examples, complementing each other, indicate that the life of a stream, like the life of a person, is like a struggle, in overcoming obstacles.

The author's position is as follows: when a person observes nature, he begins to understand himself better, because there is much in common between the life of nature and the life of man. Observing nature helps to achieve a sense of peace and harmony.

The author's position is close to me. Indeed, nature is an inexhaustible source of thoughts and feelings. Contemplation of the world around us necessarily leads to the truth and helps us overcome difficulties. In L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace” there is an episode where Andrei Bolkonsky, seriously wounded in the Battle of Austerlitz, lies on his back on Pratsenskaya Mountain and sees in front of him an endless high sky with clouds slowly and smoothly floating across it and discovers the truth: his dreams of glory compared to the high sky were false - small and insignificant.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that nature always has a beneficial effect on a person, leads him to discoveries, gives him moral strength, and helps him overcome troubles and adversities in life.

Text by M. M. Prishvin

Essay in Unified State Exam format

(the problem of the influence of nature on humans)

(text by Gabriel Troepolsky).

Teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Salbinskaya Secondary School"

Lazareva M. V.

A lot of poems, songs, and stories have been written about nature, in which the authors express admiration for the beauty of forests, fields, rivers, and lakes. Let us remember Bunin, Pushkin, Lermontov, Bazhov, Fet, Tyutchev, Green, Troepolsky, Astafiev... Each of them has their own unique world of nature.

The text by K. G. Paustovsky describes one of the secluded corners of our Motherland, a place between the forests and the Oka, which is “called Prorva.” Here the meadows “look like the sea”, “the grasses stand like an impenetrable elastic wall”, the air is “thick, cool and healing”. The midnight cry of the corncrakes, the trembling of the foliage of the sedge - all this causes a healing effect on the writer’s soul: “Together with the fragrant, free, refreshing air, you will breathe into yourself serenity of thought, meekness of feeling, condescension towards others and even towards yourself.”

I think each of us has experienced something similar in our lives, so it’s hard not to agree that nature can change our inner world, to make people kinder, better.

We can say with confidence that the problem of the influence of nature on humans will remain relevant at all times. In a poem by the outstanding 19th century poet M. Yu. Lermontov we read:

When the yellowing field is agitated,
And the fresh forest rustles with the sound of the breeze...

Then the anxiety of my soul is humbled,
Then the wrinkles on the forehead disperse, -
And I can comprehend happiness on earth,
And in the sky I see God.

This describes the amazing property of nature - to bring harmony into life, to give the opportunity to forget worries and worries, to give strength to live on.

A.S. Pushkin also admires this truly magical world of nature. For example, in one of the poems (“Autumn”) we have a beautiful image of fading nature:

It's a sad time! Ouch charm!

Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -

I loveIlushnaturewithering,

Forests dressed in scarlet and gold...

It is impossible to take your eyes off the magnificent landscape. This picture is full of colors, it makes you happy, but at the same time it becomes a little sad, because winter is coming soon...

Of course, you can describe nature in different ways, but in one thing all these descriptions will be similar: nature cannot leave anyone indifferent, because it is a world of enchantment.

(293 words)

PAUSTOVSKY - MESHCHERSKAYA SIDE -

MEADOWS

Between the forests and the Oka River stretch a wide belt of water meadows.

At dusk, the meadows look like the sea. As if on the sea, the sun sets on the grass, and signal lights burn like beacons on the banks of the Oka. Just as in the sea, fresh winds blow over the meadows, and the high sky has overturned into a pale green bowl.

In the meadows the old riverbed of the Oka stretches for many kilometers. His name is Prorva.

This is a dead, deep and still river with steep banks. The banks are overgrown with tall, old, three-girth sedges, hundred-year-old willows, rose hips, umbrella grasses and blackberries.

We called one reach on this river “Fantastic Prorva”, because nowhere and none of us have seen such huge, twice the height of a man, burdocks, blue thorns, such tall lungwort and horse sorrel and such gigantic puffball mushrooms as on this Ples.

The density of the grass in other places on Prorva is such that it is impossible to land ashore from a boat - the grass stands like an impenetrable elastic wall. They push people away. The grasses are intertwined with treacherous blackberry loops and hundreds of dangerous and sharp snares.

There is often a slight haze over Prorva. Its color changes depending on the time of day. In the morning there is a blue fog, in the afternoon there is a whitish haze, and only at dusk the air over Prorva becomes transparent, like spring water. The foliage of the sedges barely trembles, pink from the sunset, and the Prorvina pikes beat loudly in the pools.

In the mornings, when you can’t walk ten steps on the grass without getting completely wet from the dew, the air on Prorva smells of bitter willow bark, grassy freshness, and sedge. It is thick, cool and healing.

Every autumn I spend many days in a tent on Prorva. To get a vague idea of ​​what Prorva is, you should describe at least one Prorva day. I come to Prorva by boat. I have with me a tent, an axe, a lantern, a backpack with food, a sapper's shovel, some dishes, tobacco, matches and fishing equipment: fishing rods, donks, saddles, girders and, most importantly, a jar of underleaf worms. I collect them in the old garden under heaps of fallen leaves.

On Prorva I already have my favorite places, always very remote. One of them is a sharp turn in the river, where it spills into a small lake with very high banks overgrown with vines.

There I pitch a tent. But first of all, I haul hay. Yes, I confess, I drag hay from the nearest stack, I drag it very deftly, so that even the most experienced eye of an old collective farmer will not notice any flaw in the stack. I put the hay under the canvas floor of the tent. Then when I leave, I take it back.

The tent must be stretched so that it hums like a drum. Then you need to dig it in so that when it rains, water flows into the ditches on the sides of the tent and does not wet the floor.

The tent is set up. It is warm and dry. Flashlight " bat" hangs on a hook. In the evening I light it and even read in the tent, but I usually don’t read for long - there is too much interference on Prorva: either a corncrake will start screaming behind a nearby bush, then a pound of fish will strike with a cannon roar, then a willow twig will shoot deafeningly in the fire and will scatter sparks, then a crimson glow will begin to flare up over the thickets and the gloomy moon will rise over the expanses of the evening earth. And immediately the corncrakes will subside and the bittern will stop humming in the swamps - the moon rises in a wary silence. She appears as the ruler of these dark waters, hundred-year-old willows , mysterious long nights.

Tents of black willows hang overhead. Looking at them, you begin to understand the meaning of old words. Obviously, such tents in former times were called “canopy”. Under the shade of willows...

And for some reason on such nights you call the constellation Orion Stozhari, and the word “midnight”, which in the city sounds, perhaps, like a literary concept, takes on real meaning here. This darkness under the willows, and the shine of the September stars, and the bitterness of the air, and the distant fire in the meadows where the boys guard the horses driven into the night - all this is midnight. Somewhere far away, a watchman is chiming the clock on a village bell tower. He hits for a long time, measuredly - twelve blows. Then again dark silence. Only occasionally on the Oka will a tugboat scream in a sleepy voice.

The night drags on slowly; there seems to be no end to it. The sleep in the tent on autumn nights is sound and fresh, despite the fact that you wake up every two hours and go out to look at the sky - to find out if Sirius has risen, if the streak of dawn is visible in the east.

The night is getting colder with each passing hour. By dawn the air is already burning face light frost, the tent panels, covered with a thick layer of crisp frost, sag a little, and the grass turns gray from the first matinee.

It's time to get up. In the east the dawn is already filling with a quiet light, already visible in the sky huge outlines and the stars are already dimming. I go down to the river and wash myself from the boat. The water is warm, it even seems slightly heated.

The sun is rising. The frost is melting. The coastal sands become dark with dew.

I boil strong tea in a smoky tin kettle. Hard soot is similar to enamel. Willow leaves, burnt in the fire, float in the kettle.

I've been fishing all morning. From the boat I check the spans that have been placed across the river since the evening. Empty hooks come first - the ruffs have eaten all the bait on them. But then the cord stretches, cuts the water, and a living silver shine appears in the depths - it’s a flat bream walking on a hook. Behind it you can see a fat and stubborn perch, then a small bee with piercing yellow eyes. The pulled out fish seems icy.

Aksakov’s words entirely refer to these days spent on Prorva:

“On a green, flowering bank, above the dark depths of a river or lake, in the shade of bushes, under the tent of a gigantic sedge or curly alder, quietly fluttering its leaves in the bright mirror of the water, imaginary passions will subside, imaginary storms will subside, selfish dreams will crumble, unrealizable hopes will scatter. "Nature will enter into its eternal rights. Together with the fragrant, free, refreshing air, you will breathe into yourself serenity of thought, meekness of feeling, condescension towards others and even towards yourself."

Osokor - poplar

Paustovsky K.G. Meshcherskaya side

• The beauty of nature encourages not only to admire it, but also to think about philosophical topics
• The murmur of the river, the singing of birds, the blowing of the wind - all this helps restore peace of mind
• Admiration for the beauty of nature can spark a burst of creativity and inspire the creation of masterpieces
• Even a rude person can see something positive in nature

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The wounded Andrei Bolkonsky, lying on the battlefield, sees the sky of Austerlitz. The beauty of the sky changes his worldview: the hero understands that “everything is empty, everything is a deception.” What he lived with before seemed insignificant and insignificant to him. The beauty of nature cannot compare with the cruel, angry faces of howling people, the sound of gunshots and explosions. Napoleon, whom Prince Andrei had previously considered an idol, no longer seemed a great man, but an insignificant man. The magnificent sky of Austerlitz helped Andrei Bolkonsky understand himself and reconsider his views on life.

E. Hemingway “The Old Man and the Sea.” In the work we see the sea as it is for the old fisherman Santiago. The sea not only provides him with food, but also brings joy to this person’s life, makes him strong, as if supplying him with energy reserves from some invisible sources. Santiago is grateful to the sea. The old man admires him like a woman. The soul of the old fisherman is beautiful: Santiago is able to admire the beauty of nature, despite the hardships of his existence.

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Everyone tends to perceive nature in their own way. If for the nihilist Evgeny Bazarov the world around him is a workshop, an object of practice, then for Arkady Kirsanov nature is, above all, beautiful. Arkady loved to walk in the forest. Nature attracted him, helped him achieve inner balance and heal mental wounds. The hero admired nature, although he did not admit it, because at first he also called himself a nihilist. The ability to perceive the beauty of nature is part of the character of the hero, making him a real person, capable of seeing the best in the world around him.

Jack London "Martin Eden". Many of the works of the aspiring writer Martin Eden are based on what he saw on his voyages. It's not only life stories, but also the natural world. Martin Eden tries his best to express the splendor that he saw on paper. And over time, he manages to write in such a way as to convey all the beauty of nature as it really is. It turns out that for Martin Eden, the beauty of nature becomes a source of inspiration, an object of creativity.

M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". Callousness and selfishness towards people do not prevent Grigory Pechorin from being sensitive to nature. Everything was important to the hero’s soul: spring trees at the moment of flowering, a light gust of wind, majestic mountains. Pechorin wrote in his journal: “It’s fun to live in such a land!” He wanted to fully express the feelings that the beauty of nature evoked in him.

A.S. Pushkin "Winter Morning". The great poet describes the landscape with admiration winter day. Addressing the lyrical heroine, he writes about nature in such a way that it comes to life before the reader. The snow lies in “magnificent carpets”, the room is illuminated with an “amber shine” - everything indicates that the weather is truly wonderful. A.S. Pushkin not only felt the beauty of nature, but also conveyed it to the reader by writing this beautiful poem. The beauty of nature is one of the sources of inspiration for the poet.

Human and nature.

The problem of the harmful influence of man on nature; consumer attitude towards it.

- How does a person influence nature? What can this attitude towards nature lead to?

1) A thoughtless, cruel attitude towards nature can lead to its death; the destruction of nature leads to the death of man and humanity.

2) Nature turns from a temple into a workshop; she found herself defenseless in front of a person, dependent on him.

3) The relationship between man and nature is often inharmonious; man destroys nature, thereby destroying himself.

V. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”

V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”, “Fire”

V. Belov “Beaver Eel”, “Spring”, “At Home”

Ch. Aitmatov “The Scaffold”

B. Vasiliev “Don’t shoot white swans”

2. The problem of the lack of kinship between man and nature.

- How is it shown? What does this mean?

1) Man is a part of nature, forms a single whole with it, and the severance of this connection ultimately leads to the death of humanity.

2) Direct, immediate human contact with the ground is necessary. Psychological and spiritual isolation between man and the earth is much more dangerous than physical isolation.

V. Astafiev “Starodub”

V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”

A. Fet “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”

M. Yu. Lermontov “when the yellowing field is agitated...”

3. The problem of the beneficial influence of nature on humans.

- How does nature influence humans?

Nature is capable of ennobling and reviving the human soul, revealing it best qualities.

L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” (episode about the oak tree and Andrey)

L. N. Tolstoy “Cossacks”

Yu. Nagibin “Winter Oak”

V. Astafiev “Drop”

K. Paustovsky “Creaky floorboards”

Quotes.

I. Vasiliev : “A person is most likely to lose his moral anchors when he leaves native land when he stops seeing, feeling and understanding her. It’s as if he’s disconnected from the source that feeds him.”

V. P. Astafiev : “The most dangerous poacher is in the soul of each of us.”

V. Rasputin : “To talk about ecology today means to talk not only about changing life, as before, but about saving it.”

R. Rozhdestvensky : “Everything is less surrounding nature, More - environment».

John Donne : “There is no man who is like an island on his own; every person is part of the land, part of the continent, and if a wave carries a coastal cliff into the sea, Europe will become smaller... Therefore, never ask for whom the bell tolls: it tolls for you.”

V. P. Astafiev : “Three dangers of the destruction of humanity exist, in my opinion, in the world today: nuclear, environmental and the danger associated with the destruction of culture.”

V. Fedorov : To save yourself and the world,

We need, without wasting years,

Forget all cults

The infallible cult of nature.