Flora and fauna of Belarus. Interactive game "natural communities" Presentation on the topic of what is a natural community
Lesson plan on ecology in grade 3. Prev meth Man and the world
Lesson topic: What is a natural community? What is ecology?
Lesson Objectives:
- to form an idea of the natural community, the concept of "ecology", to systematize and generalize knowledge about the relationships in nature;
- to develop the ability to establish natural relationships, to predict the consequences of human imbalance in nature;
- to create conditions for the formation of the belief that everything in nature is interconnected, that human disturbance of natural balance can lead to the death of all living things, including humans, that each person is responsible for maintaining natural ties.
Equipment: drawings of forest plants, cards for modeling connections in the forest, task cards, table “Protected areas”, an exhibition of books about national parks and the reserve of the Republic of Belarus.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
2. Checking homework
Students choose independently to complete any task from any level.
| 1st level | 2nd level | 3rd level |
| 1. Name the letter with the correct answer. A swamp is: A) a piece of land where plants grow in conditions of excessive moisture; B) a piece of land where trees are the main ones. | 1. Answer the question. What conditions of life are swamp plants adapted to? | 1. Answer the question. What do swamp plants experience in conditions of excessive moisture? |
| 2. Underline the swamp plants among the listed plants: cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, wild rosemary, pine, peat moss. | 2. Divide the listed plants into groups: cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, wild strawberries, wild rosemary, cattail, lily of the valley, sundew, pine. | 2. Divide the listed plants into possible groups: cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, wild strawberries, wild rosemary, cattail, lily of the valley, sundew, pine, birch, hazel. |
| 3. Recognize the plant from the description: Round small reddish leaves covered with hairs with large bubbles at the ends that secrete droplets of sticky juice. | 3. Emphasize which of the named signs belong to cranberries. The leaves are small, large, leathery, soft, shiny dark green above, silvery below with a waxy coating; stems short, long filiform; pinkish, dark red berries, sour, sweet. | 3. Recognize the plant from the description, correct the errors in the description. Large, oval, bluish-blue berries with a bluish bloom, black inside; the leaves are large, oval, dark green above, bluish below, covered with a bluish wax coating. |
| 4. Finish the sentence. In the swamp you can meet birds such as an owl, … | 4. Complete the sentence. Many wading birds have long ... | 4. Complete the sentences. A) The adaptations of birds to life in the swamp are: ... B) Most marsh plants have small leaves, which is an adaptation to the smaller ... |
| 5. Insert the missing. Plant - mosquito - ... - stork | 5. How are these living organisms interconnected: a plant, a snake, a frog, a stork, a mosquito. | 5. How are these living organisms related: crane, frog, mosquitoes, plants, midges, herons. |
Tasks of the first level are estimated at 1 - 2 points, of the 2nd level at 3 - 4 points; the third - in 5 - 6 points. To evaluate the results, you can use the following table:
| Number of points | mark | Number of points | mark |
| 1 | 1 | 11 — 14 | 6 |
| 2 – 3 | 2 | 15 — 18 | 7 |
| 4 – 6 | 3 | 19 — 20 | 8 |
| 7 — 8 | 4 | 21 — 25 | 9 |
| 9 — 10 | 5 | 26 – 30 | 10 |
The number of tasks can be reduced, instead of one of those presented in the table, students offer questions or tasks on the topic that they have compiled.
3. Learning new material
Answers to textbook questions.
The game "Look for connections"
Pairs of words are written on the board or on cards, between which students look for connections:
Pond - fish; forest - trees, tree - woodpecker, bump - woodpecker, squirrel - marten, oak - mouse, forest - mushroom, meadow - butterflies; swamp - frog; oak - jay; the lake is toothless, the flower is a butterfly.
- Make a conclusion what types of connections are reflected here (it is not necessary to explain the connections in each pair of objects).
On the basis of the game, the knowledge that there are "apartment" and food connections between plants and animals is updated.
Formulation of the topic of the lesson
What natural houses are named in this game?
On the board are cards with the words: forest, meadow, swamp, body of water.
These natural homes are called natural communities.
A card appears on the board above the already exposed cards natural communities.
How do you understand the word "community"?
- Consider the drawings in the textbook, reflecting the food connections in the meadow, in the reservoir (work in pairs) and establish how the depicted organisms are related.
Conclusion: Plants and animals are linked by food links.
In the forest, too, all plants and animals live together. Let's prove it. Let's model the forest "floors" already familiar to us.
On the board are drawings of forest plants arranged in three rows (if there are no drawings, the names of the plants are written down). The students identify the plants in the top row (first tier) and check if all the plants are in place; if there are errors, correct them. The next two rows are checked in the same way.
- Could plants live in the forest without being located in different tiers?
- Make a conclusion why some plants grow in the upper tier, others in the second and third?
- Thus, layering is the adaptation of plants to cohabitation.
Didactic game "Spider web" (work in pairs)
On the cards (as well as on the board), the students are offered the following scheme:
- Using a pencil, draw the links that exist between the indicated objects.
Discussion of the results obtained on the basis of the diagram shown on the board (the diagram is built using prepared cards, connections are drawn on the board with chalk).
What does the resulting drawing remind you of?
- What conclusion can be drawn from the resulting web?
- Consider in the textbook a drawing of a food web in an oak forest and answer the question of the textbook.
Conclusion: In a natural community, food chains intertwine and form a single food web.
- And again we return to the diagram on the board and discuss the question: What will happen if all insectivorous birds disappear in the forest?
As students answer, the teacher removes cards with the names of plants and animals from the diagram.
A diagram appears on the board.
- Comment on the diagram using the text of the textbook:
In the process of commenting, the scheme is supplemented with generalizing materials:
- What will happen if the plants do not receive nutrients, enough water, light and heat?
What happens if the plants disappear?
What will happen if herbivorous animals disappear?
- What will happen if microorganisms disappear, gravedigger beetles?
- Why is it necessary to know the connections existing in nature and why it is impossible to break them?
- Compare your conclusion with the text of the textbook.
Reading the text of the textbook
What is the significance of the science of ecology for man?
— So, ecology answers the question why and how it is necessary to protect nature, the connections existing in it.
— Based on the table, find out how reserves differ from reserves and national parks:
Protected areas
Work on assignments under the heading "Think" (work in pairs).
4. Consolidation of the studied
- Read the output of the textbook.
Task for those who wish: to prepare a message about one of the national parks or nature reserves of the Republic of Belarus.
See also lessons:
In order not to miss anything that happens and is published on the blog, subscribe. And don't forget to leave your comment below 😉 I appreciate your opinion!
"Reserves of Belarus" - Do not speak rude words, only give kind ones! Naroch National Park. Natural wealth of Belarus. Polessky Radiation-Ecological Reserve. Reserves and national parks of Belarus. listing plants and animals in the Red Book. Pripyat National Park. Only certain types of economic activity are prohibited here.
"City of Pinsk" - Currently used only for the needs of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In 1581 the city received the Magdeburg Law and its coat of arms. Church of Charles Baromei and the Franciscan Monastery (aerial view). Industrial enterprises account for almost 98% of exports. Region: Brest. Sport. Heraldry. Main square of the city. In 2006, the Polessky Drama Theater was opened in Pinsk.
"Animals of Belarus" - Irresponsibility, ignorance and indifference of the owners. The problem of homeless animals is very relevant in the city of Minsk. So it was before, but what about today, in our days? Why is it necessary to change tactics in solving the problem of homeless animals in Belarus? In 1987, the European Convention for the Protection of Pets was published.
"The Constitutional Court of Belarus" - Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Content of the study. Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Subject of study. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus assigns the most important functions and tasks to the Constitutional Court. The acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus occupy a unique position in the system of legal acts of the country.
"Souvenirs from Belarus" - Delicious Esci! transit country. Favorite Minsk. The picture is a clock with only 2 digits on the dial - 20 and 14. You've never seen so many blues and greens! Belarus - the best part of your way! Belarus - places for kisses! We can smile, BY the way, our smiles in the hearts!
"Belarus" - The main wealth of Belarus - forests, meadows, mild climate. Another branch of the complex is forestry. The main direction of the chemical-forestry complex is the production of polymers. The food industry is closely related to agriculture. The missing metal is imported from Russia. In agriculture, more than half of the sown area is occupied by grain crops, and 1/3 - fodder.
In total there are 21 presentations in the topic
Text materials:
1 text
A natural community is a group of animals, plants, microorganisms adapted to the conditions of existence in a given territory, having a continuous impact not only on each other, but also on their environment.
Natural communities subdivided
by area on:
- large-scale (continent, ocean, taiga, steppe);
- medium and small (meadow, river, lake, pond)
by way of grouping into:
- natural (forest, sea);
- artificial (field, aquarium).
In each natural community, only certain plants, animals, microorganisms can exist that are adapted to the living conditions in a particular area. Wolves and foxes live in the forest, they are not found in the ocean. Marine fish cannot live in the fresh water of a river.
The main form of communication between the inhabitants of the natural community is food.
Food chain: plants - herbivores - predators.
For example, plants - caterpillars - insects - insectivores - predators.
Important in the biocenosis (natural community) are organisms that contribute to the decomposition of organic matter (excrement, corpses of dead animals) - gravedigger beetle, worms, mold fungi, bacteria.
Thus, in the natural community there is a continuous circulation of substances.
Communities also closely interact with each other, forming ecosystems. These high level organizations are also connected and form the biosphere of the planet Earth.
Natural communities can change under the influence of:
- biotic factors;
- human activities;
- abiotic factors.
For example, a lake - a swamp - a forest. This process takes hundreds of years. It is done under the influence of natural causes: the remains of animals and plants accumulate at the bottom of the lake, the shore is overgrown with reeds and sedge. Organic residues form peat deposits. The microclimate of the reservoir is changing, therefore, the species composition of animals is changing. Etc.
Changes in the natural community "river - rotting pond" occur due to the detrimental impact of human activities over several years.
Biocenosis tends to recover after the cessation of harmful external influences. However, the impact of human management should not exceed a certain threshold, after which the ecosystem is no longer capable of self-regulation and restoration. This is the only condition for maintaining the ecological balance in nature.
Abiotic factors are the unregulated impact of inanimate nature: a sharp change in climate, a volcanic eruption, fluctuations in solar activity.
The natural community has a tiered structure. This is especially clearly observed in the forest biocenosis: the tops of the tallest trees - lower trees - undergrowth (shrubs) - grasses - mushrooms, mosses and lichens. The underground tiering has a mirror structure: the forest litter is the small roots of herbaceous plants, the roots of shrubs are the roots of the tallest trees deep in the soil.
The presentation tells about what a natural community is, what they are and how they are classified. The life of the meadow is considered in the most detailed way. The presentation is rich in illustrations. The basis of this presentation was the textbook "The world around us. Grade 3."
2 text
natural communities.
They exist as a unity of animate and inanimate nature: an association of animals, plants, microorganisms living in a certain territorial area, affecting each other and the environment.
Types of different-scale natural communities
- mainland
- oceanic
- desert
- Taigi
- steppes
- Pruda
- swamps
- lakes
The small ones are part of the large ones.
Connections within the community.
Main - food:
- Plants obtain nutrients from the soil and water, use the energy of the Sun for growth and development.
- Plants are eaten by herbivorous animals (caterpillars).
- Predators (birds and animals) feed on them.
- Waste-eating animals (earthworms).
- With the help of moldy fungi and bacteria, the remains are decomposed.
Thus, the circulation of substances occurs through food chains.
Forest - high-rise building
- Mosses, lichens
- Shrubs, herbs
- shrubs
- Trees
These floors are divided among themselves by animals, birds, insects. There are fewer animals in the forest than plants.
Mushrooms in the forest
Edible: boletus, boletus, white.
Inedible: fly agaric, toadstools.
Insects of the forest.
Ants, ladybugs, forest bugs, bark beetles.
Forest birds and animals.
Predators: wolves, foxes.
Herbivores: hares, moose.
Omnivorous: bears, wild boars, hedgehogs.
Thrushes, nightingales, warblers, tits, larks.
An example of the food chain of the Les community.
Plant grains - mouse - owl.
Meadow
These are herbaceous areas. If they are small, then they are called lawns, large - meadows.
Bay and alpine.
If during the flood period the meadow is flooded with water, it is called flooded. Here the grass grows more actively.
Alpine meadows are located in peas. The higher the mountains, the more the natural landscape changes: forests grow at the foot of the mountains, which are replaced by shrubs on the slopes, and closer to the top of the meadow.
Plants.
Forage: clover, bluegrass, mouse pea, foxtail.
Blooming: dandelion, bluebell, yarrow.
Poisonous: buttercup, hemlock, hellebore.
Mushrooms: honey agaric, champignon, puffball.
Meadow insects.
Butterflies, bees, bumblebees, ladybugs, grasshoppers, beetles.
Animals and birds.
Mice, moles, toads, lizards, foxes, wolves, hares come in.
Wagtail, quail, corncrake.
An example of the food chain of the "Meadow" community.
Clover - butterfly - dragonfly - frog - already - predator - fox.
A natural community that occurs due to excess water in the soil. Those places in the swamp where the highest humidity are called swamps. Many bacteria, microorganisms and insects (mosquitoes) live here.
Wet plants and wildlife
Moss, berries (cranberries), sedge, wild rosemary, heather, calamus, valerian, succession, sundew.
Amphibians (frogs, newts), snakes (vipers), herons.
An example of the Boloto community food chain.
Frog - mosquito - stork.
"Laws of the Republic of Belarus" - Elena Krupenina 5th year student of the Faculty of Law of BSU 04.05.2012 President of the Republic of Belarus. Place of legislative initiative. Initiating the introduction of bills by deputies. The essence of legislative initiative. The Belarusian Government submits about 85-90% of all draft laws. Members of the House of Representatives.
“My Motherland Belarus” - Minsk is a city with a rather ancient history. Now Lake Naroch is the main resort of the republic. More than half of the national wealth was lost by the Belarusian people. Quiz. Minsk is the largest center of science and technology. Slutsk. Population: 1,483,551 people. Bloody battles were going on near Minsk. The working people of Belarus will not forget the past war.
"Constitutional Court of Belarus" - Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus. Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Content of the study. Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Research methods. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus assigns the most important functions and tasks to the Constitutional Court. Method of comparative legal analysis; method of system-structural analysis; retrospective analysis method; formal-legal method, etc.
"Animals of Belarus" - For decades, up to 70,000 stray cats and dogs have been exterminated in Belarus every year. So it was before, but what about today, in our days? As a result, “extra” (unclaimed) animals end up on the street. The problem of homeless animals is very relevant in the city of Minsk. But is it necessary to wait two hundred years?
"Print in Belarus" - Issue by type, %. Republic of Belarus. 6. 11. Number of titles. 1. Books of Belarus - 2008. 8. 9. PRINTING OF BELARUS IN 2008 Development trends. 2.
"Reserves of Belarus" - Environmental problems: Protection of plants and animals. Only certain types of economic activity are prohibited here. listing plants and animals in the Red Book. Reserves and national parks of Belarus. National Park Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Natural wealth of Belarus. Naroch National Park.
In total there are 21 presentations in the topic
The Republic of Belarus is located in Eastern Europe. The borders of this Republic pass through Lithuania, Poland, Latvia, Russia and Ukraine.
Each city of Belarus is historically important for the whole world. Coming here, tourists try to visit every corner of this country: Minsk, Gomel, Polotsk, Vitebsk, Brest. These cities keep many historical secrets. Ancient buildings are the attraction of each of them - the Brest Fortress, Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Gorodnenshchina, various palaces and national parks.
Flora of Belarus
Belarusian flora is quite beautiful and diverse. Forest vegetation prevails over other plant species. Here you can see wide pine forests, as well as small areas occupied by other forest formations.
Forest-forming trees are: pine, gray alder, birch and oak. Maples, lindens, ash and aspens also grow in the forest expanses.
Pribuzhsky Polesye is famous for the fact that sandy meadows and floodplain forests are found on its territories. Such vegetation is very rare in Belarus. As a rule, they are represented by taiga forests, juniper woodlands and moorlands.
In the floodplains, one can see preserved eutrophic and power meadows.
The lands of the Pribuzhsky Polesye are suitable for the growth of various vascular plants - the majestic purest and the common scutellum. There is also a forest mytnik and Australian mistletoe.
Of the subarctic species, bearberry and wild rosemary are found, of the Pontic species - mountain clover, silver cinquefoil, steppe timothy, Polesskaya fescue. Representatives of boreal species are: female nodule, trefoil watch, blueberries, blueberries, lingonberries, annual club moss, brittle willow and common spruce. Nemoral species are represented by common hornbeam, smooth and rough elm, linden.
The vegetation of the swamps is also diverse. Forb-sedge, grass-sedge and large-sedge species grow here. The main marsh plants are: willow, black alder, fluffy birch, as well as wild rosemary, cranberry, marsh myrtle, hypnum mosses.
Many medicinal plants grow in Belarus, the main representatives of which are: sage, calendula, sea buckthorn, coltsfoot, medicinal valerian, dog rose, peppermint, plantain, medicinal lungwort, thyme, immortelle and marsh cinquefoil.
Poisonous Belarusian plants - common belladonna, milestones, spotted hemlock, May lily of the valley and wolf's bast.
Interesting is the insectivorous plant - Aldrovandus vesicularis.
Fauna of Belarus
The Belarusian fauna is also distinguished by a variety of species.
Forests are the most populated ecosystems of the Republic. The main representatives of the forests are: elk, wild boar, red deer, roe deer. Also here you can see hares, hedgehogs, weasels and martens. Rare representative of the Red Book of Belarus European bison.
But not all forest animals are common. Of the rare species, one can distinguish lynx, badger and brown bear., Marten. Of the rare and protected species of animals, there are: bison (inhabitant of Belovezhskaya Pushcha).
In broad-leaved forests there are green and white-backed woodpeckers, stockheads, barnacle flycatchers and small flycatchers, spruce crossbills, bullfinches, nutcrackers, fly owls and others.
In the areas of rivers and lakes there are bitterns, white-cheeked black and white-winged terns, gray-cheeked grebes.
In the reeds and reedbeds, you can see the small rutting, the mustachioed tit and the nightingale cricket.
In the water areas there is a rare species of ducks - the white-eyed duck. A rare bird species that lives in the meadows is the great godwit.
Predatory representatives of birds are: white-tailed eagle, osprey, golden eagle, hobby.
Among the bats representatives of Belarus, the most common are: European broad-eared and Natterer's night bat.
The main inhabitants of the swamps are turtles, toads, frogs, lizards, snakes and vipers.
The world of invertebrates is very wide, but little studied. It is known that in the hollows of trees there is a wax hermit, and in the swamps - a black Apollo butterfly and a large floating spider.