The role of the UN in regulating international conflicts. The role of the UN in solving regional problems What is the role of the UN in resolving international

Comparison of what is proclaimed in the UN Charter with what has been implemented in practice, high and noble aspirations with real methods and methods of their implementation, as well as the results and consequences of many UN actions cannot but cause mixed feelings. The general indicator of the effectiveness of the UN for 55 years is as follows: at the end of the twentieth century. More than 1.5 billion people lived on less than $1 a day. More than 1 billion adults, mostly women, could not read or write; 830 million people suffered from malnutrition; 750 million people lacked access to adequate housing or health care.

The United Nations has certainly played a significant role in history and will leave a brighter mark on it than its predecessor, the League of Nations. Figuratively speaking, the UN played the role of a kind of international constitutional assembly to harmonize rules of law that have become common not only to individuals, but also to entire states. And a lot has been done in this capacity.

An undoubted achievement is the very unification of all peoples and states of the planet under the common banner of ensuring international peace and safety. An unconditional achievement is also the recognition of the principle sovereign equality of all states and a universal obligation not to interfere in each other's internal affairs. Thanks to world organization The share and role of secret diplomacy has been significantly reduced, the world has become more open, and humanity has become more informed about what is happening in it. The annual sessions of the General Assembly, which brings together the leading figures of almost all states of the world, give each state the opportunity to address the international community with its problems and concerns, and the inhabitants of the planet to learn in a timely manner what is primarily troubling humanity as a whole.

With the active participation of the UN, important international legal acts were developed and adopted, which in a certain sense determined the course of world politics in the second half of the twentieth century. Suffice it to note that the first resolution adopted by the General Assembly on January 24, 1946 dealt with the problems of the peaceful use of atomic energy and the elimination of atomic and other types of weapons of mass destruction.

Continuing the traditions of the League of Nations, the UN organized the work of its permanent body - the international Conferences on Disarmament in Geneva. It discussed the main ideas of treaties banning nuclear weapons tests: first in the atmosphere, underground and under water (signed in 1963), and then over the seas and oceans (1971). The main ideas of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, according to which nuclear powers pledged not to provide nuclear weapon other countries, and states that do not yet possess such weapons should not develop or produce them. Comprehensive Ban Treaty nuclear tests adopted by the UNGA on September 10 and open for signature since September 24, 1996, i.e. more than half a century after the adoption of the first UNGA resolution on the elimination of atomic and other weapons of mass destruction. In 1972, an agreement was signed banning the development, production and storage bacteriological weapons, and another 20 years later (in 1992) - a similar document regarding chemical weapons. In 1990, it was possible to achieve the conclusion of an agreement on the reduction of conventional armed forces in Europe.

Humanity has long been using the riches of the seas and oceans, but so far only a small fraction of what they can give to people. Land, rivers and lakes are already divided between peoples and states, belonging to those who live in the corresponding territories. Enormous wealth lies at the bottom of international seas and oceans. How to use them and on the basis of what right?

In 1958, UN member states signed the Convention on continental shelf, according to which the shelf of an internationally agreed width is divided among all coastal states. In 1982 it was concluded international convention By maritime law. In connection with the start of development outer space the question arose about the ownership of space objects and their natural resources. After lengthy discussions, an agreement was signed in 1979 on the activities of states on the Moon and other celestial bodies. These agreements and the Convention on the Continental Shelf declared space, the deep seabed and its mineral resources common heritage of humanity.

According to these international agreements, it was found that:

1) sphere common heritage humanity is not subject to any appropriation by states, individuals and legal entities;

2) when using the resources of the common heritage of humanity, the interests of all must be taken into account international community;

3) States are obliged to ensure that the activities of their organizations and individuals in areas of the common heritage of humanity are carried out in strict accordance with international rules;

4) when developing resources in these areas, the necessary measures must be taken to protect the environment.

Another important field of activity of the UN is its assistance in the process of eliminating colonial dependence and gaining the peoples of Africa, Asia and the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans state independence. The UN General Assembly adopted in 1960 played an extremely important role in this process. Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples". In accordance with it, more than 60 former colonies gained state independence and became members of the UN. By the 50th anniversary of the UN (in 1995), there were still 17 self-governing territories in the world. The anniversary session of the General Assembly declared the year 2000 to be the year of the end of colonialism. The UN has also made a certain positive contribution to the process of resolving political and ethnic conflicts in individual countries.

The role of the UN is especially significant in the development of the international code of human rights. The inalienability and inalienability of human rights is already stated in the UN Charter itself. It also says about the UN mission, which is the need to “... realize the international cooperation in resolution international problems economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character and in the promotion and development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.”. Of lasting importance are Universal Declaration of Human Rights and adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966 and entered into force in 1976 “ Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" And " Pact on Civil and political rights» . The states that signed them pledged to create all the necessary conditions for the implementation of human rights and freedoms proclaimed here. In development of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international covenants on human rights, the UN has adopted many dozens of declarations and conventions on the rights and freedoms of various segments and groups of the population. The achievements of the UN also include the activities of the UN specialized agencies discussed above (UNESCO, WHO, ILO, etc.)

Best of luck The UN made progress in those areas of activity where the rivalry of the world's leading powers was weaker. Although it cannot be denied that it was the leading powers of the world who made the most significant contribution to this success. Oddly enough, it was precisely the rivalry between the USA and the USSR and the systems they personified public relations played a good service for humanity and significantly advanced it along the path of progress. Thus, over the 85 years of the twentieth century, despite two destructive world wars, world production goods and services increased more than 50 times. 80% of this colossal growth occurred during the period of the most acute confrontation between the two systems - from 1950 to 1985. During this period, the rate of economic growth in the world was the highest in the history of mankind - about 5% annually. Of course, such development became possible thanks to many factors, including the scientific and technological revolution. In conditions of intense rivalry among themselves, states sought to use them to their maximum benefit. All this taken together made it possible to achieve the highest rates of economic growth and the longest cycle of crisis-free development in the world. The merits of the UN and its specialized agencies in these successes are significant. In the 1990s, following the collapse of the USSR, “the ideological conflicts and divisions of a bipolar world gave way to ethnic and religious intolerance, political ambition and greed, often exacerbated by the illegal trade in arms, jewelry and drugs.” The rate of economic growth has also decreased significantly.

The International Organization of the United Nations, known in the world as the UN, was created during the Second World War with the aim of strengthening peace and security between states, as well as developing their cooperation.

UN structure

To ensure its activities, the UN has a strict structure. Each body in the structure of the organization is responsible for a certain aspect of international relations:

1. The Security Council is responsible for maintaining peace between countries and ensuring their security. All member countries of the UN are forced to obey the resolutions of the Security Council, although it consists of only 15 representatives.
2. The Secretariat has more than 40 thousand employees. In essence, they are all international personnel who ensure the work of the UN around the world.
3. The Secretary General heads the secretariat and is elected from among representatives of countries not members of the Security Council.
4. The International Court of Justice is the UN body that carries out the judicial and legal activities of the organization.
5. The Economic and Social Council helps realize economic and social cooperation between countries respectively.
6. The specialized agencies are approved by one of the above bodies in order to better fulfill their international responsibilities. The most famous among such organizations were The World Bank, WHO, UNICEF, UNESCO.

UN and conflict resolution

Activities to promote the preservation of peace and security between countries are carried out primarily in the resolution of international conflicts. UN organizes peacekeeping operations Worldwide. At the same time, investigations are carried out into the causes of conflicts, negotiations are conducted, and if armistice agreements are signed, their compliance by all parties to the conflict is monitored.

If necessary, the UN provides humanitarian aid victims of international conflicts or natural disasters. It consists not only of the provision of medicine, food and basic necessities, but also of the rescue activities of the UN.

Comparison of what is proclaimed in the UN Charter with what has been implemented in practice, high and noble aspirations with real methods and methods of their implementation, as well as the results and consequences of many UN actions cannot but cause mixed feelings. The general indicator of the effectiveness of the UN for 55 years is as follows: at the end of the twentieth century. More than 1.5 billion people lived on less than $1 a day. More than 1 billion adults, mostly women, could not read or write; 830 million people suffered from malnutrition; 750 million people lacked access to adequate housing or health care.

The United Nations has certainly played a significant role in history and will leave a brighter mark on it than its predecessor, the League of Nations. Figuratively speaking, the UN played the role of a kind of international constitutional assembly to harmonize rules of law that have become common not only to individuals, but also to entire states. And a lot has been done in this capacity.

An undoubted achievement is the very unification of all peoples and states of the planet under the common banner of ensuring international peace and security. An unconditional achievement is also the recognition of the principle of sovereign equality of all states and the universal obligation not to interfere in each other's internal affairs. Thanks to the global organization, the share and role of secret diplomacy has been significantly reduced, the world has become more open, and humanity has become more informed about what is happening in it. The annual sessions of the General Assembly, which brings together the leading figures of almost all states of the world, give each state the opportunity to address the international community with its problems and concerns, and the inhabitants of the planet to learn in a timely manner what is primarily troubling humanity as a whole.

With the active participation of the UN, important international legal acts were developed and adopted, which in a certain sense determined the course of world politics in the second half of the twentieth century. Suffice it to note that the first resolution adopted by the General Assembly on January 24, 1946 dealt with the problems of the peaceful use of atomic energy and the elimination of atomic and other types of weapons of mass destruction.

Continuing the traditions of the League of Nations, the UN organized the work of its permanent body - the international Conferences on Disarmament in Geneva. It discussed the main ideas of treaties banning nuclear weapons tests: first in the atmosphere, underground and under water (signed in 1963), and then over the seas and oceans (1971). The main ideas of the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons were also discussed here, according to which nuclear powers pledged not to provide nuclear weapons to other countries, and states that did not yet possess such weapons - not to develop or produce them. The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was adopted by the UN General Assembly on September 10 and has been open for signature since September 24, 1996, that is, more than half a century after the adoption of the first UN General Assembly resolution on the elimination of atomic and other weapons of mass destruction. In 1972, an agreement was signed banning the development, production and storage of bacteriological weapons, and another 20 years later (in 1992) a similar document was signed regarding chemical weapons. In 1990, it was possible to achieve the conclusion of an agreement on the reduction of conventional armed forces in Europe.

Humanity has long been using the riches of the seas and oceans, but so far only a small fraction of what they can give to people. Land, rivers and lakes are already divided between peoples and states, belonging to those who live in the corresponding territories. Enormous wealth lies at the bottom of international seas and oceans. How to use them and on the basis of what right?

In 1958, UN member states signed the Convention on the Continental Shelf, according to which the shelf of an internationally agreed width is divided among all coastal states. In 1982, the International Convention on the Law of the Sea was concluded. In connection with the beginning of space exploration, the question arose about the ownership of space objects and their natural resources. After lengthy discussions, an agreement was signed in 1979 on the activities of states on the Moon and other celestial bodies. These agreements and the Convention on the Continental Shelf declared space, the deep seabed and its mineral resources common heritage of humanity.

According to these international agreements, it was established that:

1) the sphere of the common heritage of humanity is not subject to any appropriation by states, individuals and legal entities;

2) when using the resources of the common heritage of humanity, the interests of the entire international community must be taken into account;

3) states are obliged to ensure that the activities of their organizations and individuals in areas of the common heritage of humanity are carried out in strict accordance with international rules;

4) when developing resources in these areas, the necessary measures must be taken to protect the environment.

Another important field of activity of the UN is its assistance in the process of eliminating colonial dependence and gaining state independence by the peoples of Africa, Asia and the Pacific and Atlantic basins. The UN General Assembly adopted in 1960 played an extremely important role in this process. Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples". In accordance with it, more than 60 former colonies received state independence and became members of the UN. By the 50th anniversary of the UN (in 1995), there were still 17 self-governing territories in the world. The anniversary session of the General Assembly declared the year 2000 to be the year of the end of colonialism. The UN has also made a certain positive contribution to the process of resolving political and ethnic conflicts in individual countries.

The role of the UN is especially significant in the development of the international code of human rights. The inalienability and inalienability of human rights is already stated in the UN Charter itself. It also says about the UN mission, which is the need to “... to carry out international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature and in promoting and developing respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.”. Of lasting importance are Universal Declaration of Human Rights and adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966 and entered into force in 1976 “ Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" And " Covenant on Civil and Political Rights". The states that signed them pledged to create all the necessary conditions for the implementation of the human rights and freedoms proclaimed here. In development of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international covenants on human rights, the UN has adopted many dozens of declarations and conventions on the rights and freedoms of various segments and groups of the population. The achievements of the UN also include the activities of the UN specialized agencies discussed above (UNESCO, WHO, ILO, etc.)

The UN achieved its greatest successes in those areas of activity where the rivalry of the world's leading powers was less pronounced. Although it cannot be denied that it was the leading powers of the world who made the most significant contribution to this success. Oddly enough, it was the rivalry between the USA and the USSR and the systems of social relations they personified that played a good service for humanity and significantly advanced it along the path of progress. Thus, over the 85 years of the 20th century, despite two destructive world wars, global production of goods and services increased more than 50 times. 80% of this colossal growth occurred during the period of the most acute confrontation between the two systems - from 1950 to 1985. During this period, the rate of economic growth in the world was the highest in the history of mankind - about 5% annually. Of course, such development became possible thanks to many factors, including the scientific and technological revolution. In conditions of intense rivalry among themselves, states sought to use them to their maximum benefit. All this taken together made it possible to achieve the highest rates of economic growth and the longest cycle of crisis-free development in the world. The merits of the UN and its specialized agencies in these successes are significant. In the 1990s, following the collapse of the USSR, “the ideological conflicts and divisions of a bipolar world gave way to ethnic and religious intolerance, political ambition and greed, often exacerbated by the illegal trade in arms, jewelry and drugs.” The rate of economic growth has also decreased significantly.

Since ancient times, to resolve conflicts, a third party has been involved, who intervened between the conflicting parties in order to find a peaceful solution. Usually the most respected people in society acted as the third party. IN medieval Europe, before they were formed nation states, vital role The Pope played as a third party in resolving conflicts. Acting more as a judge than as a mediator, he decided how the dispute should end. However, later the role of the Pope in resolving conflicts decreased significantly.

From the moment of their formation to the present, national states have been very active and continue to act as a third party in resolving conflicts, since conflicts, especially armed ones, have always directly affected their interests. However, the world has become more complex, so in it, along with states, third parties can and often are groups of states united to resolve specific conflict; international universal and regional organizations; church; informal (non-governmental) institutions and organizations, and in some cases, individuals making efforts to peacefully resolve the conflict. Moreover, it should be noted that the role of other, non-governmental participants in conflict resolution in modern world increases.

One of these intermediaries modern stage stands for the United Nations. Back in 1945, the UN Charter assigned the future organization a high role in maintaining international peace and security. Initially, it was to consider threats to peace, acts of aggression, disputes and conflicts between states. The Security Council, based on consensus and military power of its five permanent members, was supposed to carry out peaceful resolution of disputes, eliminate, suppress threats to peace and acts of aggression or counter them with force. General principles international peace and security, including principles for guiding disarmament and arms control, were to be the subject of consideration by the General Assembly and recommendations to member states or the Security Council.

Over the 55 years of its existence, the UN has accumulated a lot of experience in resolving armed conflicts. However, in the 90s of the twentieth century, the nature of armed conflicts changed. The vast majority of clashes currently are internal. The resolution of an intrastate conflict collides with the sovereignty of individual states, which often do not want outside interference in their national policy. Therefore, already in the mid-90s, based on the experience of conflict resolution, the development of a strategy for the prevention of armed conflicts began.

But each conflict is unique in nature, so at this stage It has not yet been possible to create a universal early warning system. However, the creation of such a system, which will have data on the socio-economic situation in various countries, is one of the most important areas research activities scientific centers UN.

Identifying the very first signs of an armed conflict today is based on monitoring the situation directly at the regional level. In this area, the UN relies on its representatives in various countries around the world, regional organizations, NGOs and civil society. In addition, according to Article 35 of the Charter of the United Nations, any Member of the United Nations or any interested non-Member State may bring to the attention of the Security Council or the General Assembly any dispute or situation which may give rise to international friction and give rise to a dispute .

But, unfortunately, according to some authors, the UN has shown itself to be poorly prepared to prevent conflicts. As Urquhart B. points out in his article, “by the new organization of the United Nations” “everyone knew that Yugoslavia after the death of Tito was not a stable state...”, “it was also known in advance about most of the current conflicts. And yet, despite all the talk about the desirability of preventive action, no preventive efforts were made.” As the author points out, the actions taken by the UN were reactive and motivated by criticism from the media and the public, they were also slow and inadequate. And this does not fit into the UN concept of conflict prevention at all.

If the conflict moves to the next stage of armed conflict, then the UN carries out various operations to maintain and restore peace, for example, introducing peacekeeping forces. The assistance of the UN armed forces ("blue helmets") is often resorted to in the event of an armed conflict. They are multinational formations, the creation of which on the basis of a decision of the Security Council is provided for by the UN Charter. The idea of ​​using armed forces under the auspices of the UN was put forward during the settlement of the Suez crisis in 1956 by the Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs L. Piersen (for which he received Nobel Prize peace) and supported by the then general secretary UN D. Hammarskjöld. Subsequently, UN troops participated in peacekeeping operations in Africa, Asia, Europe, Central America. Thus, in 1973, UN troops were quickly deployed in the Middle East, which reduced tensions caused by the advance of Israeli troops deeper into Egyptian territory. The UN armed forces also performed peacekeeping functions in Cyprus, Lebanon and many other “hot spots” on the planet. Peacekeeping forces can remain in a conflict zone for a long time, remaining there even after agreements are reached, as was the case, for example, in Cyprus, where their task was to prevent clashes between representatives of the Greek and Turkish communities. In Cyprus, they acted as a guarantor that it would not start new round armed confrontation.

Use peacekeeping forces The UN was preceded by the activities of military observers, which later became quite widespread. A group of UN military observers was present in India and Pakistan, in the Middle East. The task of military observers (and this is where they differ from “observers of the negotiations”) comes down mainly to monitoring the implementation of the truce, identifying facts of its violation and submitting reports to the UN Security Council.

Simultaneously with the introduction of peacekeeping forces, a buffer zone is often created in order to separate the armed forces of the warring parties. The introduction of free-fly zones is also practiced in order to prevent air strikes by one of the parties to the conflict. In particular, such zones were introduced in the airspace of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the basis of UN Security Council Resolution No. 781 of October 9, 1992, and in March 1993, in development of this resolution, the Security Council adopted a new resolution. According to which the use of all necessary measures in the event of further airspace violation.

In some conflicts, the military is assigned additional functions, including the delivery of humanitarian aid civilians(this function was actively implemented, in particular, in the Bosnian conflict), ensuring the holding of free elections (as, for example, in Namibia).

However, along with the positive aspects, the use of armed units has a number of limitations and negative aspects.

First of all, peacekeeping troops cannot always be brought in. The states into whose territory they are introduced must give consent to their deployment. Countries may refuse to accept peacekeeping troops, considering the deployment of the latter as interference in their internal affairs. The problem of the neutrality of armed formations is quite acute: the extent to which they are perceived by the warring parties as neutral, and not supporting one or another side in the conflict. They are often attacked by both sides, who accuse them of partiality and bias.

The problem of neutrality can be partially solved by the simultaneous introduction of various troops (collective peacekeeping forces). Such actions make it possible to increase the “degree of objectivity” to some extent, although they do not completely eliminate the problem: and with the simultaneous introduction different countries peacekeeping troops they may be accused of bias. In addition, when introducing collective peacekeeping forces, another problem often arises - a discrepancy in the assessment of the situation among various subjects of the peacekeeping process. In this case, the effectiveness of their actions is called into question. In addition, there is a danger of conflict between those countries whose troops were brought in.

Another way that allows us to slightly increase the level of perception of the troops being introduced as neutral is to follow the UN principle, according to which a country located in a conflict-ridden region and directly or indirectly interested in one or another outcome usually does not participate in the settlement. For the same reason, the dominant power in the region should not have any advantages in carrying out peacekeeping actions. However, in practice this principle is difficult to implement. The argument here is usually a defense national security and ensuring the rights of its citizens located in the conflict zone.

And finally, the most a big problem is that the introduction of peacekeeping forces does not replace a political settlement of the conflict. This act can only be considered temporary - for the period of searching for a peaceful solution.

Another common means of influence by a third party on parties to conflicts, which is restrictive and coercive in nature, is the imposition of sanctions. Sanctions are quite widely used in international practice. They are introduced by states on their own initiative or by decision international organizations. The imposition of sanctions is provided for by the UN Charter in the event of a threat to peace, a violation of the peace or an act of aggression on the part of any state.

Unlike the introduction of peacekeeping forces, sanctions do not imply the consent of the person against whom they are imposed. Exist different types sanctions. Trade sanctions concern the import and export of goods and technology, and Special attention allocated to those that can be used for military purposes. Financial sanctions include prohibitions or restrictions on the provision of loans, credit, as well as investments. Political sanctions are also used, for example, expulsion of the aggressor from international organizations and severance of diplomatic relations with him.

As M.M. Lebedeva points out, the following considerations usually serve as arguments for applying sanctions to the warring parties:

• * “developing relations with a state that does not strive for a peaceful resolution of contradictions means political and economic support for the conflict;
• * many types of products, especially in the electronics industry, can be used by parties to the conflict for military purposes, which will further intensify the conflict;
• * if foreign firms or foreign capital play a significant role in the economy of the conflicting countries, then their withdrawal will weaken the regime of the authorities, and this may contribute to a change in its political course regarding the conflict.”

Along with the positive aspects, sanctions, like the introduction of armed forces by a third party, are fraught with many negative consequences. First of all, sanctions themselves do not solve the problem of political settlement of the conflict. Introduced to induce parties to end the conflict, sanctions have the effect of isolating these countries from outside world. As a result, the ability to influence the conflict from the outside in order to find its resolution through peaceful means is limited.

Another problem is related to the fact that the introduction of sanctions damages not only the economy of the country against which they are imposed, but also the economy of the state imposing sanctions. This happens especially in cases where these countries had close economic and trade ties and relationships before the imposition of sanctions.

In connection with these and many other problems in resolving international conflicts, Urquhart in his article proposes various measures for reforming the UN, which should help the UN become a “substantial and effective instrument of world order.” These measures include:

• 1. it is necessary to create an effective early warning system based on economic, social, as well as political information,
• 2. create a special UN forum where leaders of ethnic and other oppressed groups could present their problems and receive recommendations on how to resolve them from experts,
• 3. it is necessary to position the Security Council in favor of preventive measures, which will require greater willingness on the part of governments to accept UN assistance,
• 4. it is necessary to reorganize the Security Council in order to make it more representative and thereby give it greater legitimacy,
• 5. it is necessary to develop the legal basis for UN operations with the prospect of developing it into a generally accepted international legal and constitutional system with appropriate monitoring and, if necessary, an enforcement mechanism,
• 6. it is necessary to create conditions under which, under the influence public opinion and international organizations, governments of all countries would make efforts to solve problems related to arms control,
• 7. It is necessary to create a permanent, well-trained and morally prepared rapid reaction group, independent of the consent of governments to provide troops.

Urquhart also proposes some other reform measures. But, despite all the listed shortcomings of the UN in the field of conflict resolution, its role as a guarantor of peace and security in resolving international conflicts is very great. And it is this organization that carries out various complex operations related to establishing and maintaining peace and provides various humanitarian assistance.

international political globalization

The International Organization of the United Nations, known in the world as the UN, was created during the Second World War with the aim of strengthening peace and security between states, as well as developing their cooperation.

UN structure

To ensure its activities, the UN has a strict structure. Each body in the structure of the organization is responsible for a certain aspect of international relations:

1. The Security Council is responsible for maintaining peace between countries and ensuring their security. All member countries of the UN are forced to obey the resolutions of the Security Council, although it consists of only 15 representatives.
2. The Secretariat has more than 40 thousand employees. In essence, they are all international personnel who ensure the work of the UN around the world.
3. The Secretary General heads the secretariat and is elected from among representatives of countries not members of the Security Council.
4. The International Court of Justice is the UN body that carries out the judicial and legal activities of the organization.
5. The Economic and Social Council helps realize economic and social cooperation between countries respectively.
6. The specialized agencies are approved by one of the above bodies in order to better fulfill their international responsibilities. The most famous among such organizations are the World Bank, WHO, UNICEF, UNESCO.

UN and conflict resolution

Activities to promote the preservation of peace and security between countries are carried out primarily in the resolution of international conflicts. The UN organizes peacekeeping operations around the world. At the same time, investigations are carried out into the causes of conflicts, negotiations are conducted, and if armistice agreements are signed, their compliance by all parties to the conflict is monitored.

When necessary, the UN provides humanitarian assistance to victims of international conflicts or natural disasters. It consists not only of the provision of medicine, food and basic necessities, but also of the rescue activities of the UN.