Celestial bodies - what is it? What celestial bodies do you know

Astronomy is a science that deals with the study of celestial objects. Considers stars, comets, planets, galaxies, and also does not disregard existing phenomena occurring outside the Earth's atmosphere, for example,

By studying astronomy, you can get an answer to the question “Celestial bodies that glow themselves. What it is?".

Bodies of the solar system

To find out if there are those that glow themselves, you first need to understand what celestial bodies the solar system consists of.

The solar system is a planetary system, in the center of which is a star - the Sun, and around it are 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. In order for a celestial body to be called a planet, it must meet the following requirements:

• Do rotational movements around the star.
• To have a shape in the form of a sphere, due to sufficient gravity.
• Do not have other large bodies around its orbit.
• Don't be a star.

The planets do not emit light, they can only reflect the rays of the Sun that hit them. Therefore, it cannot be said that the planets are celestial bodies that glow themselves. Stars are such celestial bodies.

The sun is the source of light on earth

The celestial bodies that glow themselves are the stars. The closest star to Earth is the Sun. Thanks to its light and warmth, all living things can exist and develop. The sun is the center around which the planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteorites and cosmic dust revolve.

The sun appears to be a solid spherical object, because when you look at it, its contours look quite distinct. However, it does not have a solid structure and consists of gases, the main among which is hydrogen, and other elements are also present.

To see that the Sun does not have clear contours, you need to look at it during an eclipse. Then you can see that it is surrounded by a driving atmosphere, which is several times larger than its diameter. With normal glare, this halo is not visible because of the bright light. Thus, the Sun has no exact boundaries and is in a gaseous state.

Stars

The number of existing stars is unknown, they are located at a great distance from the Earth and are visible as small dots. Stars are celestial bodies that glow on their own. What does this mean?

Stars are hot balls, consisting of gas, in which their surfaces have different temperature and density. The size of the stars also differ from each other, while they are larger and more massive than the planets. There are stars that are larger than the Sun, and vice versa.

A star is made up of gas, mostly hydrogen. On its surface, high temperature, the hydrogen molecule splits into two atoms. An atom is made up of a proton and an electron. However, under the influence of high temperatures, atoms "release" their electrons, resulting in a gas called plasma. An atom without an electron is called a nucleus.

How stars emit light

The star, at the expense of trying to compress itself, as a result of which the temperature in its central part rises greatly. Begin to occur as a result of the formation of helium with a new nucleus, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. As a result of the formation of a new nucleus, a large number of energy. Particles-photons are emitted as an excess of energy - they also carry light. This light exerts a strong pressure that emanates from the center of the star, resulting in an equilibrium between the pressure emanating from the center and the gravitational force.

Thus, the celestial bodies that glow themselves, namely the stars, glow due to the release of energy during nuclear reactions. This energy is used to contain gravitational forces and to emit light. The more massive the star, the more energy is released and the brighter the star shines.

Comets

The comet consists of an ice clot, in which gases and dust are present. Its core does not emit light, however, when approaching the Sun, the core begins to melt and particles of dust, dirt, gases are thrown into space. They form a kind of foggy cloud around the comet, which is called a coma.

It cannot be said that a comet is a celestial body that itself glows. The main light it emits is reflected sunlight. Being far from the Sun, the light of the comet is not visible and, only approaching and receiving Sun rays, it becomes visible. The comet itself emits a small amount of light, due to the atoms and molecules of the coma, which release the quanta of sunlight they receive. The "tail" of a comet is "scattering dust", which is illuminated by the Sun.

meteorites

Under the influence of gravity, solid objects called meteorites can fall to the surface of the planet. They do not burn up in the atmosphere, but when passing through it, they become very hot and begin to emit a bright light. Such a luminous meteorite is called a meteor.

Under the pressure of air, a meteor can break into many small pieces. Although it gets very hot, the inside of it usually remains cold, because for such a short time, which it falls, does not have time to heat up completely.

It can be concluded that the celestial bodies that glow themselves are stars. Only they are capable of emitting light due to their structure and the processes occurring inside. Conventionally, we can say that a meteorite is a celestial body that itself glows, but this becomes possible only when it enters the atmosphere.

The outer space that surrounds our planet consists of a huge amount of solids most different sizes, ranging from tiny specks of dust to huge boulders.

The concept of small celestial bodies, their sizes and classification

The small celestial bodies of the solar system are those cosmic formations that are neither planets, nor dwarf planets, nor their satellites. This category includes meteoroids, most asteroids and comets, and the Coiler belt bodies.

Currently there is no clear definition of the boundaries of the sizes of small bodies. The smallest in diameter are hundreds of microns, the most impressive - hundreds of kilometers.

However, there are characteristic differences due to which small celestial bodies are classified into separate subspecies:

The most famous "small settlers" of the Cosmos

Small celestial bodies most mentioned in science include:

• asteroid belt- about 98% of asteroids known today lie between two orbits - and. Beyond the orbit of Neptune, there is also a disc-shaped region called the Kuiper belt, most of which is made of ice. The asteroid Ida is special - it has bright blue areas covered with miners.
• Comet Halley is one of the brightest, and the Hale-Bopp comet has already been praised as the most observed of the last century from the category of long-period comets, the period of revolution of which exceeds two centuries.
• Tunguska meteorite, the mystery of which can not be fully unraveled until now. Crashed in Eastern Siberia, brought with it an explosive flash of light so powerful that it started a forest fire, which led to the devastation of an entire area.

Danger to Earth and people

The more impressive the size of celestial bodies, the less likely it is to meet them, so for hundreds and thousands of years the Earth can successfully avoid a fatal collision. However, the history of mankind remembered many such cases.

A direct danger is the fall of meteorites to Earth, the collision of our planet with asteroids and comets.

However, most often we are talking just about getting closer. The threat arises only when crossing the earth's orbit. At current level technological progress in the near space can identify almost all large asteroids. Comets are more difficult to detect due to their great distance. In addition, their appearance is quite unpredictable. The most dangerous are long-term, having high speed collisions. Only more detailed astronomical studies will allow develop reliable methods to protect the planet from space danger.

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Dangaus kūnas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. celestial body vok. Himmelskörper, m rus. celestial body, n pranc. corps céleste, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas

heavenly body- ▲ material body (to be) in, space celestial body body in space. comet. | globules. Perseids. | accretion. ♠ Universe ▼ star … Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

A celestial body that glows with its own light and appears to earthly observers as a bright point. Z. are scattered throughout the universe at great distances, so that we do not notice their own movement. On a clear moonless night, the entire visible sky ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Epimetheus, South Pole(Cassini image, December 3, 2007) Epimetheus (dr. Greek Επιμηθεύς) is an inner satellite of Saturn's satellite system, also known as Saturn XI. Named after a character Greek mythology Epimetheus. In December 1966 ... ... Wikipedia

Body: In mathematics: A body (algebra) is a set with two operations (addition and multiplication) that has certain properties. A body (geometry) is a part of space bounded by a closed surface. Body complex Body (physics) ... ... Wikipedia

Ex., s., use. max. often Morphology: (no) what? body, why? body, (see) what? body what? body, what? about the body; pl. what? body, (no) what? body, why? bodies, (see) what? body than? bodies, about what? about bodies 1. A body is called matter, substance, ... ... Dictionary Dmitrieva

body- BODY1, a, mn bodies, bodies, bodies, cf The human or animal body in its external physical forms and manifestations. And he cracked his chair, with feigned languor straightened his two-meter body (Y. Bond.). Boye [dog] seemed to have broken in the back, ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

Celestial space and celestial bodies- Nouns LUNA /, me / syats, half-moon / syats. A celestial body, which is the natural closest satellite of the Earth, glowing at night with the reflected light of the Sun, yellow, less often reddish or white. NOT / BO, heaven /, book. sky / d, ... ... Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language

Not to be confused with Meteorite. A meteoroid is a celestial body intermediate in size between interplanetary dust and an asteroid. According to the official definition of the IAU, a meteoroid is a solid object moving in interplanetary space, the size of ... ... Wikipedia

Books

• Day seven, V. Zemlyanin. It seems that the Moon has always been a satellite of the Earth. However, this is not the case. It turns out that this celestial body is spaceship on which she was saved from the universal cataclysm ...
• Secrets of the planet Earth, Yu. V. Mizun, Yu. G. Mizun. The life of mankind depends on the conditions on our planet. But we have little idea of ​​how these conditions are changing, how they can change in the future, and how we will then have to live. And only when...

> Deep Sky Objects

Explore objects of the universe with photo: stars, nebulae, exoplanets, star clusters, galaxies, pulsars, quasars, black holes, dark matter and energy.

For many centuries, millions of human eyes with the onset of night turn their gaze up - towards the mysterious lights in the sky - stars in our universe. Ancient people saw various figures of animals and people in clusters of stars, and for each of them they created their own story.

exoplanets are planets outside the solar system. Since the first discovery of an exoplanet in 1992, astronomers have discovered more than 1,000 such planets in planetary systems around the galaxy. Milky Way. Researchers believe they will find many more exoplanets.

Word " nebula comes from the Latin word for "clouds". In fact, a nebula is a cosmic cloud of gas and dust floating in space. More than one nebula are called nebulae. Nebulae are basic building blocks Universe.

Some stars are part of a whole group of stars. Most of them are binary systems, where two stars revolve around them. common center wt. Some are part of a triple star system. And some of the stars are at the same time part of a larger group of stars, which is called " star cluster».

Galaxies - large groupings of stars, dust, gas, held together by gravity. They can vary greatly in size and shape. Most objects in space are parts of a galaxy. These are stars with planets and satellites, asteroids, black holes and neutron stars, nebulae.

Pulsars considered one of the strangest objects in the entire universe. In 1967, at the Cambridge Observatory, Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish were studying the stars and found something quite extraordinary. It was an object very similar to a star, which, as it were, emitted fast pulses of radio waves. The existence of radio sources in space has been known for quite some time.

Quasars are the most distant and brightest objects in the known universe. In the early 1960s, scientists identified quasars as radio stars because they could be detected using a strong source of radio waves. In fact, the term quasar comes from the words "quasi-stellar radio source". Today, many astronomers refer to them as QSOs in their writings.

Black holes, undoubtedly the strangest and most mysterious objects in space. Their bizarre properties are able to defy the laws of the physics of the universe and even the nature of the existing reality. To understand what black holes are, we must learn to think outside the box and use a little imagination.

Dark matter And dark energy- this is what is not visible to the eye, but their presence has been proven in the course of observations of universe. Billions of years ago, our universe was born after a catastrophic Big Bang. As the early universe slowly cooled, life began to develop in it. As a result, stars, galaxies and other visible parts of it were formed.

Most of us are familiar with the stars, planets and moons. But besides these well-known celestial bodies, there are many other amazing sights. There are colorful nebulae, thin star clusters and massive galaxies. Add to that the mysterious pulsars and quasars, black holes that devour all matter that comes too close. And now try to identify the invisible substance known as dark matter. Click on any image above to learn more about it, or use the menu above to navigate your way through celestial objects.

Watch the video about the Universe to better understand the nature of fast radio bursts and the characteristics of interstellar dust.

fast radio bursts

Astrophysicist Sergei Popov about rotating radio transients, the SKA telescope system and microwave ovens at the observatory:

interstellar dust

Astronomer Dmitry Wiebe on interstellar reddening of light, modern models of cosmic dust and its sources:

Our Universe contains an amazing variety of cosmic objects, which are called celestial bodies or astronomical objects. However, it is worth noting that most of visible deep space is made up of empty space - a cold and dark void inhabited by a range of celestial bodies that range from the familiar to the bizarre. Known to astronomers as celestial objects, celestial bodies, astronomical objects and astronomical bodies, they are the material that fills the empty space of the universe. In our list of deep space celestial bodies, you can get acquainted with various objects (stars, exoplanets, nebulae, clusters, galaxies, pulsars, black holes, quasars), as well as get photos of these celestial bodies and the surrounding space, models and diagrams with detailed description and characteristics of the parameters.

The universe consists of a huge number of cosmic bodies. Every night we can contemplate the stars in the sky, which seem very small, although they are not. In fact, some of them are many times larger than the Sun. It is assumed that a planetary system is formed around each lone star. So, for example, the solar system was formed near the Sun, consisting of eight large, as well as small and comets, black holes, cosmic dust, etc.

The Earth is a cosmic body because it is a planet, a spherical object that reflects sunlight. Seven other planets are also visible to us only due to the fact that they reflect the light of the star. In addition to Mercury, Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, which was also considered a planet until 2006, a huge number of asteroids, which are also called minor planets, are also concentrated in the solar system. Their number reaches 400 thousand, but many scientists agree that there are more than a billion of them.

Comets are also cosmic bodies moving along elongated trajectories and approaching the Sun at a certain time. They consist of gas, plasma and dust; overgrown with ice, reach a size of tens of kilometers. When approaching a star, comets gradually melt. From high temperature, the ice evaporates, forming a head and tail, reaching amazing sizes.

Asteroids are the cosmic bodies of the solar system, also called minor planets. Their main part is concentrated between Mars and Jupiter. They consist of iron and stone and are divided into two types: light and dark. The first ones are lighter, the second ones are harder. Asteroids have irregular shape. It is assumed that they were formed from the remnants of cosmic matter after the formation of the main planets, or they are fragments of a planet located between Mars and Jupiter.

Some cosmic bodies reach the Earth, but, passing through the thick layers of the atmosphere, they heat up during friction and break into small pieces. Therefore, relatively small meteorites fell on our planet. This phenomenon is by no means uncommon; fragments of asteroids are kept in many museums around the world, they were found in 3500 places.

There are not only large objects in space, but also tiny ones. So, for example, bodies up to 10 m in size are called meteoroids. Cosmic dust is even smaller, up to 100 microns in size. It appears in the atmospheres of stars as a result of gas emissions or explosions. Not all space bodies have been studied by scientists. These include black holes, which are found in almost every galaxy. They cannot be seen, it is only possible to determine their location. Black holes have a very strong attraction, so they do not even let go of light. They annually absorb huge volumes of hot gas.

space bodies have different forms, dimensions, location in relation to the Sun. Some of them are combined into separate groups to make it easier to classify them. So, for example, asteroids located between the Kuiper belt and Jupiter are called Centaurs. Vulcanoids are thought to lie between the Sun and Mercury, although no object has yet been discovered.