The highest wind speed on earth. Geography of weather records. Barrow Island, Australia
Hurricane - tropical view cyclone. It is distinguished by its relatively small size, but rather destructive power. The name "hurricane" itself comes from the English "hurricane", which is used to name strong cyclones.
As a rule, they originate near North or South America. His neighbors and close relatives come from the region of Asia, and Far East, and usually weaker ones. They are called "typhoons".
It is worth noting that not every cyclone can be called a hurricane. Some pass with atmospheric phenomena characteristic of the area and fade further. The cyclone itself is an atmospheric vortex of impressive size, which is twisted in southern hemisphere clockwise, and counterclockwise in north. They are especially clearly visible from space. And here atmospheric phenomenon, when viewed from above, has a spiral shape with a hole in the middle, this is the so-called "eye of the storm". There is a zone in the center of the cyclone reduced pressure. Cyclones owe their origin to the rotation of the planet, while simultaneously moving it in orbit, so this phenomenon is considered common.
The size of cyclones can be several thousand kilometers, while the eye varies from 2-3 kilometers to several tens. As a rule, the size of hurricanes is much smaller, but the speed of air movement in the spiral is much faster and reaches several hundred kilometers per hour. Maximum 300 kilometers per hour.
In the area, which is called the "eye of the storm" (or eye of the typhoon), usually calm weather with higher temperatures. Warm air descends and falls into the first turns of the spiral, where the colder mass is. As a result, a territory is formed with high differences in pressure. It, in turn, contributes to the unwinding air masses hurricane as a whole. Therefore, the center of the spiral, near the "eye", has increased power, highest speed and, usually, thunderclouds that cause torrential downpours.
Tropical hurricanes originate over the warm waters of the oceans somewhere around the equator. As a result of the rotation of the planet, they move west and shift north. This is what causes a large number of hurricanes off the eastern coast North America as well as Mexico. These areas are larger than others in Lately suffer from the effects of severe hurricanes.
Hurricane strength is measured on the Saffir-Simpson scale, which has five categories. Today, only a few hurricanes of the fifth, highest category, are known.
Now every year there are about a dozen cyclones and several dozen cyclones on the entire planet. And here are the most powerful of them.
Most strong hurricane in the world
The great hurricane of 1780, or another name - San Calixto. This is a tropical cyclone of great power that raged in the autumn of 1780 near the Caribbean archipelago. It became the deadliest of all known hurricanes. According to the documents of that time, at least 22,000 dead are known. And since in the eighteenth century the statistics were very conditional, compared to today, we can safely say that the number of victims was much higher.
The great hurricane touched the islands of the Caribbean, from Newfoundland to Barbados, passed through Haiti and destroyed up to 95 percent of all buildings. And that's not counting the thousands of lives lost. The tidal wave that the hurricane caused, like a powerful tsunami, passed through some of the islands, sometimes reaching 7-8 meters in height. She destroyed everything in her path. The hurricane was accompanied by strong unrest at sea, so many ships were sunk both in port bays and at some distance from the coast. Including part of the French and English fleets that took part in civil war USA. Approximately a hundred vessels in the water area ran aground.
Eyewitnesses said that the rain, under the influence of a strong wind, tore the bark from the trunks of trees, and this was before knocking them down. According to scientists, the wind speed then was at least 350 kilometers per hour.
Mitch
The hurricane, which was named Mitch, passed through the Atlantic basin with incredible power and strength. It originated in October 1998 in the south caribbean. Meteorologists assigned him the fifth category, the highest. This is because of the wind speed, the gusts of which reached 320 kilometers per hour. The hurricane affected the territories of Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador.
Hurricane Mitch. Consequences
He completely devastated them and claimed the lives of 20 thousand people. Most of the people died from mudflows, strong winds and tidal waves that towered up to 6 meters in height. More than a million people were left homeless, and hundreds needed drinking water And medical preparations. As a result, this led to an increase in infectious diseases.
Katrina
The name Katrina is known to absolutely every American. Because it is the strongest and most destructive hurricane ever to hit the coast of America. Hurricane Katrina originated in August 2005 in the area Bahamas. He quickly gained strength and began to develop in the direction east coast USA. As soon as the bad weather reached the American coast, the hurricane received the fifth category in terms of strength.
But for acceptance necessary measures it was already too late. The authorities could not cope with the consequences of the disaster. So President George W. Bush's approval rating dropped to 38 percent at the time. Only according to official data, more than one and a half thousand people became victims of the hurricane. About half a million more were left homeless. Moreover, approximately 80 percent of New Orleans is flooded.
Typhoon in Pakistan
On the night of November 13, 1970, a powerful typhoon hit the coastal regions of East Pakistan. Hurricane wind formed a huge wave up to 8 meters high. It swept through a number of islands and coastal areas. This typhoon has become almost the most major disaster throughout the history of mankind. By different estimates, the death toll ranged from 500 thousand to a million people.
Wind direction in meteorology is defined as the direction the wind is blowing from, while in air navigation it is where it blows: thus the values differ by 180°. The simplest device for determining the direction of the wind is a weather vane. Windsocks installed at airports are capable, in addition to the direction, of approximately showing the wind speed, depending on which the inclination of the device changes.
Wind speed at meteorological stations in most countries of the world is usually measured at a height of 10 m and averaged over 10 minutes.
Wind atlases and charts are a typical way of presenting wind data. These atlases are usually compiled for climatological studies and may contain information on both the mean speed and the relative frequency of the winds of each speed in a region.
Barrow Island, Australia
On April 10, 1996, an automatic weather station located there registered wind gusts of up to 408 kilometers per hour. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), these are the strongest wind gusts on record.
This serious record was set with the help of tropical cyclone Olivia. Tropical cyclones are rotating regions of storm winds. They occur when warm, moist air rises from the surface of the ocean and forms a low-pressure weather system.
Oklahoma State, USA
A tornado is a rotating vertical vortex that forms between the lower edge of thunderclouds and the earth's surface. If instead of earth there is water below, then such a whirlwind is called a waterspout. Tornadoes are "the most violent of all atmospheric storms," according to the National Storm Laboratory, located in Norman, US state Oklahoma.
On April 27, 2011, 207 tornadoes were registered there within one day. In Oklahoma, WMO noted the highest wind speed for this type of vortex: 486 kilometers per hour. It happened on May 3, 1999 in the Bridge Creek area. Although tornadoes can drive the wind to incredible levels, they don't last long.
Unlike the Northern Hemisphere, in the Southern Hemisphere, on the path of the prevailing westerly winds there are almost no continents - so the wind can accelerate without interference to speeds of over 150 kilometers per hour. This is a lot, but a little further to the south lies the continent, which was recognized as the most blown on Earth more than a century ago.
Antarctica
From February 1912 to December 1913, scientists measured the wind speed at Cape Denison in the Commonwealth Sea in the east of Antarctica. And to this day it is believed that of all the weather stations located at sea level, this one is located in the most blown place. On July 6, 1913, a record for the average wind force per hour was recorded at this station: it amounted to 153 km / h, but this is according to the Air Force. But according to Wikipedia and other sources, the fastest constant winds blow over the Commonwealth Sea - 320 km / h.
According to the Beaufort scale widely used to estimate wind speed, the weather at Cape Denison is, on average, regarded as stormy. Sir Douglas Mawson, who led the expedition to Cape Denison, wrote: "The climate is essentially a year-round snowstorm and blizzard: gale-force winds roar for weeks, interrupted only occasionally for a couple of hours." The combination of strong winds and sub-zero temperatures makes it difficult to measure the strength of katabatic winds.
In Japan, kamikaze - "divine wind" - was considered a gift from the gods. This is how the two typhoons that saved Japan from Mongol invasion 1274 and 1281
Two other notable storms wear common name"Protestant wind". One of them detained and significantly damaged the ships of the Spanish " Invincible armada"during the attack on England in 1588, which led to the defeat of the armada and the establishment of English dominance at sea. Another prevented English ships from leaving the harbors in 1688, which helped William of Orange to land in England and conquer it.
During the Egyptian campaign of Napoleon, the French soldiers were significantly affected by dust storms brought by the desert wind khamsin: if locals managed to hide, the French, unaccustomed to these winds, suffocated in the dust. Khamsin stopped battles several times during World War II, when visibility was reduced to almost zero, and electrical discharges rendered compasses unusable.
There are even more powerful winds, which, however, are no longer on our planet:
- On Jupiter, wind speeds can reach 600 km / h;
- On Uranus, the wind speed reaches 900 km / h;
- On Neptune, a speed of 1138 km / h was recorded, despite the fact that the temperature of the atmosphere was - 220 degrees Celsius;
“Finally, the strongest winds blow on Saturn. Their speed reaches 1800 km / h.
Sources:
www.bbc.com/russian/science/2015/10/1510 26_vert_ear_where_is_the_windiest_place_on_earth
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind
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There are several places that are desperately vying for the title of the windiest area on planet Earth. However, it turns out that nature is trying to keep some of its secrets, and the wind is not so easy to measure, and the title of the most windy place depends on the definition of "windy".
Barrow Island
Located northwest of the coast of Australia, this small island has experienced strong wind gusts. In 1996, on April 10, the meteorological station recorded the strongest gust of wind in history, the speed of which reached 408 km per hour. This gust of wind came on the wings of Tropical Cyclone Olivia.
Tropical cyclones form when warm, moist air rises from the surface of the seas and oceans. They are accompanied by heavy rainfall and storm-force winds. Tropical cyclones are able to maintain their strength for a long time only over large bodies of water, such as open seas and oceans. The islands are particularly affected by such weather phenomena. Such a cyclone in the northern hemisphere is called a typhoon, and over the waters atlantic ocean- Hurricane.
Despite the fact that Cyclone Olivia brought the strongest gust of wind, it is still not the strongest cyclone. Usually the power of a cyclone is determined by the continuous strength of the wind. According to meteorological data, the champion was Typhoon Nancy, whose continuous wind force in 1961 reached 146 km per hour. Nancy caused the deaths of 170 people in Japan.
Yet cyclones are not wind champions. Even more destructive gusts occur during tornadoes and tornadoes. Thus, one of the windiest places in the world is located in the very center of the United States.
Oklahoma
A tornado in Russian, often called a tornado, is an air column that connects a thundercloud to the ground. According to many meteorologists, tornadoes are the most powerful and destructive of all. atmospheric vortices and storms.
Such weather phenomenon, like tornadoes, can happen anywhere, but most often they appear in the United States. The southeastern states have even been given the title of "tornado alley". In 2011, the "alley" served as an arena for the formation of 207 separate tornadoes in a 24-hour period.
On May 3, 1999, the most high speed tornado reaching 486 km per hour.
Despite high wind speeds in tornadoes, this weather phenomenon is usually relatively short-lived, but there is a place where you can encounter strong winds at any time of the year.
South ocean
This is the conventional name for the waters of the three oceans - Indian, Pacific and Atlantic, which wash the shores of Antarctica. Increasingly, among specialists, there is a division of the world ocean not into the usual four water bodies, but into five, when they determine a separate role for the Southern Ocean.
Any traveler or explorer who has circumnavigated the globe will tell you that the waters of the Southern Ocean are the most turbulent. Starting from 40 ° latitude, the winds become especially cruel and strong. Gusts are further enhanced by the fact that air flows are not interrupted by continents and large islands. Thus, the continuous force of the wind in the Southern Ocean can reach 160 km per hour.
Although this strength is enough to recognize the Southern Ocean as one of the windiest places, a little south of the restless waters lies the continent, whose air currents earned it the title of the windiest 100 years ago.
Antarctica
The wind in Antarctica is unusual - it is called katabatic, or falling. Due to the shape of the continent, dense air currents descend on the icy slopes, which makes the wind not only strong, but also unusually cold.
The shape of the continent is very similar to a dome, the wind blows from the top towards coastline tilted to the left due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The strength of the wind gusts on the southernmost continent has been regularly measured since December 1913. The windiest hour in the history of Antarctica was July 6, 1913, when the force of the air currents reached a speed of 153 km per hour.
However, it is very difficult to measure the strength of the katabatic wind, especially in Antarctica, where the temperature never rises above zero. Firstly, strong air currents, due to their density, easily break equipment, and secondly, even if some measuring stations and poles remain intact, they often freeze.
The fastest wind in the world was registered by a commission of experts on April 10, 1996. A gust of wind hit its record high on Barrow Island, Australia. At this time Cyclone Olivia passed here.
The wind speed on the island reached 408 kilometers per hour. For comparison average speed winds in the world reaches 15 kilometers per hour.
Until then, the most fast wind in the world was considered a stream that was caught in New Hampshire on Mount Washington. This place is still considered one of the most hostile on the planet today. Before a new record was set in 1996, the American wind in New Hampshire was considered the most powerful stream for about 70 years.
The wind speed at the top of Mount Washington reached 372 kilometers per hour.
Despite these anomalies of the planet, a general weakening of winds around the world is recorded today. The researchers analyzed the performance of 800 weather stations over the past 3 decades. It turned out that today the wind speed indicators have decreased by 15%. That is, if earlier air flows went at a speed of 17 km/h, today it is already 14 km/h.
What is the reason? Scientists believe that one of the main reasons for such indicators is the restoration of forests due to acute environmental situation. But no one discounts global warming.
What threatens? But the consequences of such changes can be negative for a person. For example, researchers have suggested that slowing wind currents could lead to air pollution, as well as a sharp reduction in the spread of seeds on the ground. Not to mention that wind farms will now generate significantly less energy. The strangest clouds have also appeared in the world.
Supported by: Find out if the pole reversal will happen in 2012 and what it threatens humanity.
Wind in Antarctica
Antarctica is a unique continent, in some places where there has been no rain for two million years.
Thanks to this fact, the mainland can compete with the deserts for the title of the driest place on Earth, for example, in the Sahara Desert, only up to 25 mm of precipitation falls per year. In general, the situation with precipitation in Antarctica is about the same as in the Sahara, but in Antarctica these places, where there is neither snow, nor ice, nor rain, make up only 2% of the entire continent.
Antarctica is covered with ice, of which there is so much that the mainland can rightly be called the wettest continent on Earth.
Winds up to 2 km/s detected on exoplanet
After all, all this ice is 70% of the reserves fresh water on our planet. And the winds here accelerate at such tremendous speeds that they can certainly be considered the fastest permanent winds on Earth. This is facilitated by the fact that most of the surface of Antarctica is a plain, and nothing prevents the wind.
Where do winds originate in Antarctica?
The strongest constant winds are called katabatic, falling.
In Antarctica, they originate in the Dry Valleys region, arising due to unique natural conditions: the air freezing on the tops of the plateau becomes denser and heavier, after which, under the force of gravity, it rushes down the mountainside.
Unbelievable but true, katabatic winds can reach speeds of 320 km/h and evaporate all moisture in their path, even ice.
The most windy place in Antarctica is Commonwealth Bay, where a constantly blowing wind is officially registered, the speed of which reaches 322 km/h.
However, despite such wind strength, back in 1912, Douglas Mawson founded a research base in the bay.
Gust at 512 km/h
This is all true if we are talking about constantly operating winds on the Earth's surface, however, there are also temporary gusts of wind that significantly exceed katabatic winds both in strength and speed.
Typically, such gusts of wind are accompanied by such natural phenomena like tornadoes.
The highest recorded wind speed was 512 km/h at a height of 30-60 m from the ground, this happened on May 3, 1999 near Bridge Creek in Oklahoma, USA. Several formed tornadoes destroyed everything in their path, according to the Fujita scale, they were assigned the F6 class (maximum rating).
Vladislav Pankratov, Samogo.Net
The strongest wind in the entire history of observations occurred on April 12, 1934 on Mount Washington, New Hampshire. Then, within a few minutes, drilling mud at a speed of 123 m/s.
In recent decades, on March 3, 1972, the strongest wind (93.6 m / s) at the weather station located in the western part of Greenland was the strongest.
Absolute records of mean monthly and mean annual wind speeds were recorded in 1913.
geographic records. Wind.
at Cape Denilson in Antarctica - 24.9 and 19.4 m / s.
in the southern and midwestern United States.
Maximum wind speed A tornado (approximately 512 km/h) was remotely measured using mobile Doppler radar on May 3, 1999 near Oklahoma City.
Most of the deaths are from Typhoon.
About 1,300 people died on September 13, 1906, when a typhoon was destroyed by 160 km/h winds in Hong Kong.
The most tragic consequences of the monsoons.
Monsun, who rushed to Thailand in 1983, claimed about 10,000 lives and caused 396 million damage.
dollars. After nearly 100,000 people contracted monsoon sickness and about 15,000 people had to be evacuated.
The highest reliable body of water was observed on 16 May 1898 at Eden, New South Wales, Australia. The height of the theodolite was 1528 m, and the diameter was 3 m.
Most of the victims are tornadoes.
A tornado hit the city of Chaturia, Bangladesh. About 1,300 people died, more than 50,000 were left homeless.
The greatest property damage caused by a tornado. The giant whirlwinds that hit Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio (USA) in April 1985 killed 271 people, injured thousands more and caused more than 400 million damage.
dollars.
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Examples of the use of the word are regurgitated in the literature.
Before we reached this wall, we passed several moments of bright light, briefly inflammation blue snow and apses of what resembles a cathedral without an altar, but with skeletons that occupy the pews.
The language used on the ships, this amazing language of sailors, scenic, perfected, the language used by Jean Barthes, Duquesne, Suffren and Dyupere, the language merging with the whistling wind in the gear, with the roar of the horn, the noise of the boarding axis, with the pitching to speak, with the hurricane , damage, volleyball guns, is a real slang, a hero and a genius, who in front of the terrible slang of poverty is the same as a lion in front of a jackal.
All of these bulge taming mechanisms had an earthly backstory that was long overdue in test flight and deliberate disasters that accompanied peaceful and assertion frightened and surprised by the flickering cathode ray oscilloscope and large digital machine, forced to play this Astronautical tragedy, the rest are motionless and only warm his wall, light heating stove periods, he talked about the programmer's dynamic duty flurries a stream that corresponds to the centuries of astronautics.
As Tripoli, Benghazi, Cairo, Tel Aviv, Rome, London and Washington collapsed inflammation Colonel Bernstein and Admiral Mark Allen's messages appeared in the room, desperately scrambling services to help working professionals, I promised to come to the temple as soon as they unraveled the secret signals of the avalanche.
Where do blacks come from? inflammation, and the wind, rain and waves began.
Powerful winds - on which planets do they exist?
Relatively recently, planetary scientists have found a new "gas giant" - the cosmic body "HD189733b", which distinguished itself with the most powerful winds.
By the way, it is located in the constellation "The Fox", and the speed of wind gusts on it sometimes reaches a couple of kilometers per second. It's seven times more speed sound, for example, and twenty times faster than the earth itself powerful wind. The British astrophysicists who made the discovery were very surprised by the properties of HD189733b.
"HD189733b" is called an exoplanet, despite the super-powerful winds. This is the first space object significantly distant from us, on which it was possible to calculate the wind speed.
To do this, experts have compiled a "weather map" using computer modeling.
The strongest wind and the windiest place in the world
It turned out that the wind speed "HD189733b" is equal to 5.4 thousand miles / hour, which is 8.6 thousand kilometers / hour in kilometers. In addition to modeling, planetary scientists used data from the HARPS spectrometer, a modern high-tech apparatus that works with high frequencies. This device is mounted on a three-meter telescope.
The planet "HD189733b" is called not only "exo", but also "hot Jupiter", as it is " gas giant", which is located very close to its luminary.
The temperature on "HD189733b" reaches 1200⁰ Celsius. The silicate particles present in the atmosphere give the planet its bluish color.