All types of weapons. All types of AK in different countries. What types of weapons can be used during hunting?

Weapon - This is a barrel weapon for firing bullets or other destructive elements. Currently, the following classification has developed:
by caliber - small (6.5 mm), normal (6.5-9.0 mm) and large (9.0-14.5 mm);
by purpose - combat, sighting, training, sports and hunting;
according to the method of control and holding - revolvers, pistols, submachine guns, machine guns, rifles, carbines, machine guns and grenade launchers;
according to the source of the damaging element - firearm, pneumatic;
by method of use - manual, held directly by the shooter when shooting, and easel, used from a special machine or installation;
according to the method of service in battle - individual and group;
according to the degree of automation - non-automatic, self-loading and automatic;
by the number of trunks - single-, double- and multi-trunk;
according to the barrel design - rifled and smoothbore.
The classification according to the method of control and holding is of greatest interest, since it determines the actual types of firearms.

Revolver (from the English gevolve - to rotate) is a personal multi-shot non-automatic small arms with a rotating drum, designed to defeat the enemy at a distance of up to 100 m.
The appearance of revolvers dates back to the 16th century. Widespread since the 30s. XIX century With the appearance in the first half of the 20th century. self-loading pistols, revolvers gradually lost their importance and were withdrawn from armies. However, due to its high reliability and constant readiness For use in the police, special forces, as well as for sports shooting, revolvers are still used to this day. The caliber of combat revolvers is 7.62-11.56 mm, weight - 0.7-1.3 kg, drum capacity 5-7 rounds, rate of fire 6-7 shots in 15-20 seconds.

Gun is a personal firearm designed to defeat the enemy at a distance of up to 50-70 m (some samples - up to 200 m). Modern pistols, as a rule, self-loading. Some samples can fire automatically. To increase stability when shooting, such models have an attached shoulder rest, and are also adapted for attaching a rigid (wooden or plastic) butt holster or are equipped with an additional folding handle.

Submachine gun - This is an individual automatic firearm designed for a pistol cartridge. It combines the portability of a pistol with the continuous fire of a machine gun. The first example of a submachine gun was created by the Italian A. Revelli in 1915. They were widely used during the Second World War. Currently in service special units, Ministry of Internal Affairs, police, airborne troops, crews of combat vehicles, etc.

Machine (from the Greek automatos - self-acting, the term "automatic" is used only in Russia; in other countries, weapons of this class are called automatic rifles or automatic carbines.) - this is an individual automatic small weapon designed to defeat enemy personnel. The assault rifle was first created in Russia in 1916 by V. G. Fedorov, chambered for a 6.5 mm Japanese rifle cartridge. The assault rifles are designed for a cartridge that occupies an intermediate position between pistol and rifle cartridge, as well as for a low-impulse small-caliber cartridge.

Rifle - This is an individual small weapon with a screw thread in the barrel, designed to defeat the enemy with fire, a bayonet and a butt. The first examples of weapons with screw threads in the barrel appeared at the beginning of the 16th century. In Russia they were called screw arquebuses (until the 18th century), later screw guns, fittings, and since 1856 - rifles. After the Second World War, automatic rifles and carbines were mainly used. There are also sniper and sporting rifles. The automatic rifle provides for both automatic fire and single fire. Compared to a non-automatic (magazine) weapon, it has a higher rate of fire, provides less fatigue to the shooter and makes it easier to observe targets. The first project of such a weapon was proposed in 1863 by the American R. Pilon. In Russia, the first automatic rifle was created by D. A. Rudnitsky in 1886. Automatic rifles chambered for a small-caliber low-pulse cartridge have a mass of 3.0-3.9 kg, a rate of fire of 650 rpm (rounds per minute), a combat rate of fire of 30-200 V/m, magazine capacity 20-50 rounds, sighting range 300-800 m. Normal caliber rifles use a more powerful cartridge, they are 1-2 kg heavier and less accurate when firing automatically. A self-loading rifle fires only single shots. It has a mass of 4-4.5 kg, a combat rate of fire of 30-60 v/m, a magazine capacity of 10-20 rounds, and an effective firing range of 500-1300 m.

Sniper rifles designed for high-precision shooting at the most important single targets using optical sight. When shooting at night, use a night sight or illuminated reticle of an optical sight. Sniper rifles can be non-automatic, magazine or self-loading. As a rule, special sniper cartridges with improved ballistics are used for shooting.

Carbine (from the French sagabine) is a lightweight and shortened rifle (gun). Used primarily for weapons personnel cavalry and artillery. It first appeared in the 14th century. There are smooth-bore and rifled carbines, repeating and automatic. Their weight is 2.5-3.5 kg, combat rate of fire is 10-40 v/m, magazine capacity is 5-10 rounds, sighting range shooting -1000 m.
Structurally, machine guns, automatic rifles and carbines are made according to the classical design and the bullpup design. Weapons made using the bullpup design do not have a stock as a separate part. The butt plate is located on the rear of the receiver. The fire control handle is located in front of the magazine. This design makes it possible to reduce the size of the weapon with the same barrel length. Due to the fact that the axis of the barrel bore passes through the weapon's fulcrum (the shooter's shoulder), when firing, the recoil shoulder characteristic of weapons with a classical layout is eliminated. This eliminates the prerequisites for the weapon to “jump” when fired and increases the accuracy of fire. Reducing the size of a weapon makes it easier to transport and allows it to operate successfully in confined spaces (in a combat vehicle, in buildings, trenches, etc.).

Machine gun - this is an automatic small weapon for firing from a special support (machine, bipod), designed to hit ground, air and surface targets with bullets. The first machine gun was invented in 1883 by the American H. S. Maxim. In appearance he resembled artillery piece. The cartridges were fed using a canvas tape. To cool the barrel, water was used, poured into the casing, inside which the barrel was located. The machine gun was first used in combat in the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902, where it showed fairly high combat effectiveness. At the beginning of the 20th century. light machine guns appeared, and in 1918 - large-caliber ones. Heavy and light machine guns were widely used during the First and Second World Wars. After the Second World War, new machine guns with high combat characteristics entered service with armies. The automatic operation of most modern machine guns is based on the use of recoil energy from the barrel or on the removal of powder gases through a hole in the barrel wall. The cartridges are fed from a belt or magazine. Firing can be carried out in short (up to 10 shots), long (up to 30 shots) bursts and continuously. The barrel is usually cooled by air. The survivability of some machine guns is ensured by replacing the heated barrel during firing with a spare one included in the kit. Depending on the method (place) of use, design and purpose, machine guns are divided into hand-held (bipod-mounted), mounted, large-caliber infantry, anti-aircraft, tank, armored personnel carrier, casemate, ship and aircraft. Infantry machine guns, adapted to operating and installation conditions, are usually used as anti-aircraft, tank, armored personnel carrier and ship-mounted ones. Currently, the so-called single machine guns, which have a wide range of tactical applications, have become widespread.

Single machine gun allows you to fire both from a bipod and from a machine gun. It is in service with motorized rifle (infantry, motorized infantry) platoons and companies. Single machine gun caliber 6.5-8 mm, weight 9-15 kg (17-27 kg with machine gun), rate of fire 500-1300 v/m, combat rate of fire 100-300 v/m, belt capacity 50-250 rounds, sighting range 1000-2000 m.

Heavy machine guns used to destroy air and lightly armored ground and sea targets. They are in service with motorized rifle (infantry, motorized infantry) units. In addition, they can be installed on tanks, armored personnel carriers, airplanes, helicopters and ships. Their caliber is 9-14.5 mm, weight 28-50 kg, rate of fire 400-600 v/m, combat rate of fire 100-150 v/m, effective firing range up to 2000 m. Large-caliber machine guns used as anti-aircraft guns are used with universal machines or installations (anti-aircraft, turret), providing large elevation angles (up to 90 degrees) and all-round fire, using anti-aircraft sights (forward and collimator) for aiming.

Shooting from light machine guns conducted from a bipod and with the butt resting on the shoulder. Serviced by one or two people (gunner and his assistant). The caliber of light machine guns is 5.45-8 mm, weight 5-10 kg, rate of fire 600-750 v/m, combat rate of fire 150-250 v/m, sighting range 1000-1500 m.

Heavy machine guns They are group weapons and can be disassembled into several parts when carried. To ensure stability, ease of aiming and high accuracy of shooting at ground and air targets they are installed on a special machine (wheeled, or tripod). Belt feeding, massive barrels, their cooling or replacement allow you to get a high combat rate of fire (250-300 v/m) and conduct continuous intense shooting (up to 500 shots) without changing the barrel to the range of actual fire (up to 1000 m). Caliber heavy machine guns 6.5-8 mm, weight up to 15-20 kg (up to 46-65 kg with a machine), rate of fire 500-700 v/m, sighting range up to 3000 m.

Grenade launcher - it's mostly portable firearms, designed to destroy armored targets, manpower and military equipment grenade.
Grenade launchers are divided into:
according to the operating principle - dynamo-reactive, active, reactive and active-reactive;
by frequency of use - single-use or multiple-use;
by design - hand-held, rifle (gun), under-barrel, easel (single or automatic fire), etc.;
by purpose - anti-personnel and anti-tank;
according to the barrel design - smooth-bore and rifled, with one-piece and folding barrels.
The first examples of hand grenade launchers appeared during the Second World War: the “Bazooka” (60-mm grenade launcher) in the USA, model 1942, and the “Faustpatron” (disposable grenade launcher) in Germany, model 1943.

Rifle grenade launchers are small arms (rifle, machine gun), adapted for firing rifle grenades using the energy of idle or live cartridge. Initially, a special mortar mounted on the barrel of a weapon was used to shoot a grenade. IN post-war years Mortarless rifle grenades, mounted on the barrel of a weapon, have become widespread. Effective firing range - 100 m.

Underbarrel grenade launchers - portable shooting devices attached to a rifle or machine gun, designed to throw grenades. The shots used for firing from under-barrel grenade launchers are unitary ammunition that combines a grenade, a powder propellant charge, an igniter primer and a cartridge case. First underbarrel grenade launchers appeared in the USA in the mid-60s. They were successfully tested in the Vietnam War and were adopted by the armies of many countries. Effective fire range up to 400 m.

Hand grenade launcher Designed for hand-held or bipod shooting. It consists of a barrel with a sight and firing mechanism. The caliber of hand grenade launchers is 30-112 mm. Effective firing range up to 500 m.

Easel grenade launcher adapted for shooting from a special wheeled or tripod machine.

Single shot grenade launcher consists of a barrel with a sight, a firing mechanism and a machine. Its caliber is 40-90 mm. Effective firing range up to 1000 m.

Auto easel grenade launcher designed to destroy enemy personnel and unarmored weapons fragmentation grenade. Caliber 30-40 mm, rate of fire about 350 v/m, combat rate of fire 100 v/m, firing range up to 2000 m. Firing can be carried out from a machine or from special tank, armored personnel carrier, helicopter, and ship installations.
In a dynamo-reactive (recoilless) grenade launcher, the initial speed of the grenade is imparted by the energy of the powder gases formed during the combustion of the starting charge in the barrel, and recoillessness is ensured by the reactive force arising from the outflow of powder gases through the open breech of the barrel.
In a rocket-propelled grenade launcher, when fired, the rocket-propelled grenade develops an initial speed in the barrel and then along the flight path due to the operation of its jet engine.
In active-reactive grenade launchers, the initial speed of the grenade is imparted by the starting charge, which burns in the barrel, which is closed from the breech with a bolt.

It is generally accepted that the security and protection of citizens in the state is carried out by the police. But this does not mean that there is an armed law enforcement officer at every dark entrance, back alley, and private house. This is simply impossible.

And crime in our country can threaten the average citizen everywhere. In addition, criminal communities do not experience a shortage of firearms of criminal origin.

Against this background, the desire of law-abiding citizens to ensure their safety and the safety of their loved ones by any means (meaning only legal means) is quite understandable.

And there are not many of these ways. One of them is confronting a criminal armed with a firearm (usually a military weapon) with a legal firearm. The law prohibits ordinary citizens from owning a rifled “short-barreled” (pistol).

We will not discuss how right or wrong this is, or what projects are emerging to soften weapons legislation. This another story. Law is law.

While it is in effect, any person (subject to certain conditions) can acquire several units of legal firearms and their analogues, produced specifically for the civilian population.

Of course, for example, it cannot be compared in effectiveness to some “Tula Tokarev”, but still an ordinary person with an injury in his bosom in an emergency situation will not meet an armed attacker with bare hands.

Kinds

Our legislation divides all firearms into:

• civilian samples;
• service samples;
• military hand weapon.

Combat pistols and machine guns are available only to such categories of citizens as military personnel, employees law enforcement, representatives of other paramilitary state organizations (the weapons are in service with the special services). For this reason, we will not dwell on it in detail in this article, but will consider those types of firearms that are available to other broader categories of citizens.

Official

The Makarov pistol" - bright representative service weapon

By law, service “firearms” are available to those officials who, by the nature of their activities, are obliged to protect the life and health of people, important objects, engage in environmental protection, engage in collection.

Basic list of requirements:

• should not fire in bursts;
• visually identifiable differences from samples of military small arms;
• the magazine can hold a maximum of 10 rounds;
• lead-filled bullets, hard metal cores are prohibited;
• compliance with state standards of the Russian Federation.

They are produced in smooth-bore and rifled versions, with long and short barrels. Muzzle energy – maximum 300J. Private security companies can arm themselves.

Civil

Used by hunters, athletes, as a means of self-defense. The types of weapons that are allowed for civilian circulation on the territory of the state can be seen in special decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.

These are the samples of Russian and foreign gunsmiths who received a certificate from the Russian Gosstandart.

The assortment of “civilian women” today is simply huge, and accordingly, the price for it can be different. There are also rare samples on sale, produced back in the 80-90s of the 19th century (for example, in the photo Webley Mars - “Desert Eagle” of the late 19th century).

Helpful information: You can get comprehensive information about all types of modern and rare weapons on the Soldierweapons website. It can be called an encyclopedia, which presents the entire list of weapons.

Main types of civilian weapons:

1. For self-defense:
2. Sports in smooth-bore and rifled versions (small-caliber rifle, pistol or shotgun for clay pigeon shooting);

   

3. Hunting is produced in smooth-bore, rifled or combined versions; of the rifled version, the Russian “fenced” is in great demand (a new invention of Russian gunsmiths, when the barrel combat machine gun a pin is driven in, a bayonet lug is filed off, etc.), military weapon WWII times, inexpensive samples foreign manufacturers, certified by government agencies of the Russian Federation;

   

4. (rocket launchers), its device is simple, its purpose is to send a signal.

   

On store shelves today, modern examples of Russian and foreign-made hunting weapons with unpronounceable names coexist with “civilized” military weapons.

For example, the first thing that comes to mind is the Kalashnikov assault rifle - a real symbol of a bygone era! Any citizen who has permission to purchase a rifle can become its owner (though without a bayonet and with a smaller-capacity magazine).

Watch the interesting TOP 10 video about the most unusual types of weapons in the world:

Types of weapons and their main characteristics.
Weapons, depending on the purposes of their use by the relevant entities, as well as according to their main parameters and characteristics, are divided into:
1) civil;
2) official;
3) combat hand-held rifle and cold.
At the same time, it must be borne in mind that only those weapons that are manufactured in a factory by a manufacturer licensed to produce weapons can be considered civilian and service weapons.
Civilian weapons
Civilian weapons include weapons intended for use by citizens Russian Federation for self-defense purposes, for sports and hunting. Civilian firearms must exclude burst fire and have a magazine (drum) capacity of no more than 10 rounds.
Civilian weapons should be purchased by citizens only in specialized stores that have a license to sell weapons. It can also be purchased from other citizens if these citizens previously purchased it in a specialized store. This rule due to the fact that gun stores will not sell homemade weapons or weapons whose output parameters exceed those established by various rules and instructions. For example: there is no hunting equipment on sale air guns with muzzle energy more than 25 J.
Civilian weapons are divided into:
1) self-defense weapon. This type of weapon includes:
- smooth-bore long-barreled firearms, including those with traumatic cartridges that comply with the standards of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
- domestically produced barrelless firearms with traumatic, gas and light-sound cartridges that comply with the standards of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
- gas weapons: gas pistols and revolvers, including cartridges for them, mechanical sprayers, aerosol and other devices filled with tear or irritant substances approved for use by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
- electroshock devices and spark gaps of domestic production, having output parameters that meet the requirements state standards Russian Federation and the standards of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;
2) sporting weapons. This type of weapon includes:

smoothbore firearm;
cold blade;
throwing;
pneumatic with muzzle energy over 3 J;
3) hunting weapons. This type of weapon includes:
firearm with a rifled barrel;
smooth-bore firearms, including those with a rifled part length not exceeding 140 mm; combined firearms (rifled and smooth-bore), including those with interchangeable and inserted rifled barrels;
pneumatic with muzzle energy no more than 25 J;
cold blade;
4) signal weapons;
5) edged bladed weapons intended to be worn with a Cossack uniform, as well as with the national costumes of the peoples of the Russian Federation, the attributes of which are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. In particular, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 3, 2001 N 648 “On edged bladed weapons intended to be worn with a Cossack uniform” approved the Rules for recording and carrying edged bladed weapons intended to be worn with a Cossack uniform; and A list of types and descriptions of models of edged bladed weapons intended to be worn with a Cossack uniform. So, according to the above regulations, carry a bladed weapon, which includes Cossack saber(blade length up to 815 mm, width up to 32 mm, wooden handle), Caucasian Cossack saber (blade length up to 795 mm, width up to 35 mm, with a handle made of bone plates) and dagger (blade length up to 350 mm, width up to 40 mm ) only members can Cossack societies. Accordingly, in order to wear bladed weapons, which are an attribute of any national costume, you must first belong to that nationality.
Service weapon
TO service weapon refers to weapons intended for use by officials of government bodies and employees of legal entities who are permitted by the legislation of the Russian Federation to carry, store and use said weapons for the purposes of self-defense or to fulfill the duties assigned to them by federal law to protect the life and health of citizens, property, nature conservation and natural resources, valuable and dangerous goods, special correspondence.
Such officials include employees of the police, private security companies, federal postal services, paramilitary organizations (Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Federal border service Russian Federation, Services foreign intelligence Russian Federation, Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Special Objects Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Federal Service of the Russian Federation for Drug Control, State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation, Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, Federal Railway Service of the Russian Federation, Civil Defense Troops, Federal Agency government communications and information under the President of the Russian Federation and the State Courier Service of the Russian Federation), bailiffs supporting the activities of courts and judges, judges, and many others.
The right to carry and store service weapons, these officials and employees of legal entities have by virtue of federal laws, for example: Law of the Russian Federation of March 11, 1992 N 2487-I “On private detective and security activities in the Russian Federation” (as amended by March 21, 2002, January 10, 2003, June 6, 2005), Federal Law of February 10, 1999 N 31-FZ “On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” (as amended by August 22, 2004), Law of the Russian Federation of April 18, 1991 N 1026-I “On the Police” (as amended and supplemented on February 18, July 1, 1993, June 15, 1996, March 31, 6 December 1999, July 25, November 7, December 29, 2000, July 26, August 4, December 30, 2001, April 25, June 30, July 25, 2002, January 10, June 30, July 7, 8, December 23, 2003, July 20, August 22, 2004, March 21, April 1, May 9, 2005), Federal Law of July 17, 1999 N 176-FZ “On Postal Services” (as amended . and additional dated July 7, 2003) and other laws, the list of which is very wide.
Enterprises and organizations entrusted by the legislation of the Russian Federation with functions related to the use and use of service weapons are legal entities with special statutory tasks (hereinafter - legal entities with special statutory tasks).
Service weapons include domestically produced smooth-bore and rifled short-barreled weapons with a muzzle energy of no more than 300 J, as well as long-barreled smooth-bore weapons.
Service weapons must exclude firing in bursts; rifled service weapons must differ from military hand-held small arms in the types and sizes of the cartridge, and from civilian ones in the formation of marks on the bullet and cartridge case. The capacity of the magazine (drum) of a service weapon must be no more than 10 rounds. Bullets of cartridges for smooth-bore and rifled firearms short-barreled weapons cannot have cores made of solid materials. Cartridges for service weapons must comply with the requirements of state standards of the Russian Federation.
Combat hand-held small arms and edged weapons
Combat hand-held small arms and edged weapons include weapons designed to solve combat and operational-service tasks, adopted in accordance with regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation for the arsenal of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, the Federal Service Security of the Russian Federation, Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation, Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation, Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Federal Special Construction Service of the Russian Federation, Special Facilities Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Federal Tax Police Service of the Russian Federation, State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, the Federal Service of Railway Troops of the Russian Federation, civil defense troops, the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information under the President of the Russian Federation, the State Courier Service of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as state paramilitary organizations), as well as manufactured for supplies to other states in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Samples of military hand-held small arms and cartridges for them, the design parameters of which relative to analogues already adopted for service do not increase their destructive power, as well as edged weapons, are accepted for service by the heads of state paramilitary organizations in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for the circulation of military hand-held small arms and other weapons, ammunition and cartridges for them, as well as bladed weapons in state paramilitary organizations is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. (The rules for the circulation of military hand-held small arms and other weapons, ammunition and cartridges for them, as well as bladed weapons in state paramilitary organizations were approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 15, 1997 N 1314).

In combat on modern stage The type of weapon that is mainly used is firearms. Of the ancient types of weapons, soldiers only have knives. They act as the most universal, simple and useful item. and the specialization of each individual fighter does not play any role. Absolutely all soldiers are supplied with light types of small arms. Some people use it as permanent work equipment (snipers, attack aircraft, machine gunners). For some, this is a means of last resort.

Similarities in parameters and differences in appearance

Small arms can be divided into three main categories. We are talking about pistols and submachine guns, machine guns and rifles, as well as machine guns. A division of this kind is quite arbitrary in connection with the tactical and technical characteristics, purpose, areas of application, etc. Many types of weapons have similar features in such parameters as purpose and capabilities. However, it should be understood that appearance they can differ quite sharply.

Division by combat capabilities

Weapons can be divided by combat characteristics. Among them are:

1. The time it takes to open fire (combat, traveling state). Also a distinctive parameter is the ability to transfer fire from sectors.
2. The maneuverability possessed by a fighter armed with a certain type of weapon.
3. Dimensions, weight, ammunition.
4. Possibility of transporting soldiers equipped with a certain type of weapon.

What other parameters are distinctive?

Talking about different types weapons, one should take into account such differences as the possibility of firing, its type, rate of fire of the weapon, reload speed, confident firing range, reliability and efficiency. The ability to use is also required to be assessed. certain type weapons in a variety of extreme conditions, its cost, reliability of ammunition, etc.

Weapons that provide the ability to conduct autonomous fire

What types of small arms can be used without the use of equipment? They should be listed:

1. Revolver and pistol.
2. Automatic grenade launcher.
3. Light machine gun.
4. Hand-held and under-barrel grenade launcher.
5. Automatic (assault rifle).
6. Single heavy machine gun.
7. Sniper rifle.

What types of weapons can be used during hunting?

Several thousand years ago, hunting was viewed from the perspective of a means of survival and obtaining food. At the present stage, surviving is not very difficult. And the process of getting food has become much easier. All a person needs to do is go to the store. However, the passion for hunting did not fade away. And the choice of weapons at the present time should be approached quite responsibly.

When considering various types of hunting weapons, it is necessary to have at least some idea of ​​​​hunting. Namely, who are you going to hunt, where will it take place, are you interested in sports shooting, etc. Having taken all these points into account, we should begin to consider the types of firearms.

Classification of hunting weapons

Shotguns may differ from each other in purpose, firing mechanism, number of barrels, caliber and drilling of barrels. Some classification should be given, which can determine the choice.

Hunting weapons can be used for:

1. Hunting.
2. Sports shooting at targets that move.
3. Sport hunting.

The design of the impact mechanism can be characterized by the presence of an external or internal trigger. Based on the number of barrels, weapons are divided into single-barrel, single-shot, magazine, double-barrel, triple-barrel, and quadruple-barrel.

The main types of weapons for hunting can differ in the type of barrel drilling: smooth-bore, rifled, smooth-bore with a rifled choke, combined. Several categories of modern hunting weapons should be examined in more detail.

One of the most common categories

Kinds smoothbore weapons are the most popular. Shooting is carried out with shot, special bullets or buckshot. There are some variations of this type of weapon.

1. Single shot with one barrel. A gun of this kind is used when hunting birds or small animals. Due to the use of a special hinge in the central part of the weapon, the barrel can be tilted down in order to insert a new cartridge into the chamber.
2. Smoothbore shotgun with two barrels. It is used in hunting larger animals, since in most cases there is a need for a second shot. The location of the trunks can be either horizontal or vertical. In this regard, the gun is called either “horizontal” or “vertical”.
3. Smoothbore repeating shotgun (pump action). This type of weapon must be reloaded manually. Pump-action weapons have gained popularity due to their unpretentiousness to operating conditions. In addition, they are undemanding in terms of quality of care.
4. Modern views weapons for hunting can be self-loading, single-barrel. This type of weapon has a high rate of fire. Recharging occurs automatically. Negative side Such a gun is highly sensitive to the quality of ammunition.

Rifle

This type of weapon can be used when hunting both medium and large, dangerous beast. Shooting is carried out with bullets. The gun is characterized high accuracy. In addition, fire can be fired over long distances. Modern types of weapons of this type are divided into two categories:

1. Single-barreled, single-shot. Recharging is done manually.
2. Single-barrel, self-loading.

The most popular types of weapons of this kind in Russia are produced by the Baikal, TOZ, Molot, and Izhmash factories. The minimum cost is 7,500 rubles.

Combined types of hunting weapons

They have become quite widespread in the field of amateur and commercial hunting. Characterized by the presence of 1-2 smooth and rifled barrels. The following types of combined weapons are quite often found on sale:

1. The trunks (smooth and rifled) are arranged vertically.
2. Three-barreled.
3. Quadruple. Barrels (smooth and rifled) can be found in a variety of combinations.

The most popular are two models from the Izhevsk plant. We are talking about Izh-94 “Taiga” and Izh-94 “North”. The cost is 26 and 23 thousand rubles. Foreign, more expensive.

Weapons that can be called modern

What are the newest types of weapons? Among the main types of individual weapons, the improved AK-74M assault rifle should be noted. An assault rifle of this type was adopted for service back in 1991. It was in the same year that it began mass production. AK-74M managed to retain all the advantages that are characteristic of the family small arms. In addition, it acquired some other properties that significantly increased its characteristics (combat and operational).

The latest types of weapons, such as the AK-107 and AK-108, were developed at the Izhevsk plant. Compared to the previous model, they are characterized by a higher accuracy of fire, which is fired in bursts. In addition, the designers managed to maintain the weapon's simplicity and reliability. Therefore, these assault rifles can be classified as excellent individual types of weapons for infantry units.

TO the newest types weapons include the Groza automatic grenade launcher system. It was developed in Tula in the 90s. This type weapons are necessary to defeat manpower, openly located and protected by body armor. Using the complex, you can disable lightly armored vehicles and vehicles.

Chemical and bacteriological weapons

The conditions of the global economic crisis greatly increase the likelihood of military conflicts. Therefore, one should not discount the fact that different types of weapons can be used mass destruction. In this regard, it is necessary to list what types of weapons exist today. It is also necessary to understand the consequences of their use.

Chemical weapons have already been used. This happened during the First World War. There are also cases when it was used during solving internal conflicts. For example, Marshal Tukhachevsky used this type of weapon during the fight against peasants who opposed food appropriation. After this, chemical weapons of mass destruction were practically not used, with the exception of some attacks by terrorists. This type of weapon is designed quite well, but has a relatively low cost. However, its handling is very poor. There are quite a lot of protective equipment available.

Cases of the use of bacteriological weapons have been recorded in the distant past. In some situations were used during the Great Patriotic War German troops. They are characterized by low cost and relatively low controllability. In this regard, it is practically not used.

Nuclear weapon

At the present stage, the most effective and controllable type mass weapons. Available in the USA, Russia, China, India, Pakistan, England, France, North Korea. According to some reports, Israel also has a similar type of weapon. But this country has not yet been recognized as a nuclear power, since no tests have been carried out. There is also evidence that Iran and the Republic of South Africa have a certain number of warheads.

Such weapons provide a guarantee of safety. None nuclear power has not yet been subjected to military aggression. Used similar species mass weapons only twice. And both occurred during the bombing of Japanese cities. This was in 1945. This barbaric bombing took the lives of hundreds of thousands of innocent people. However, some historians and politicians believe that such an action was completely justified. With its help, it was possible to end the war in the east with one blow and save the lives of many people.

Speaking of species nuclear weapons, it should be noted that for Russia it also played positive value. The creation of this type of weapon required the development high technology, studying fundamental and applied science, increasing labor productivity. All this led to an increase in the role of scientists in political life, to stop unnecessary repressions, to increase investment in education and science.

Kurchatov, together with his comrades, was able to give the country a guarantee of security. In addition, the foundations for nuclear energy were laid. However, subsequently the process went according to negative path. Experts stated that only 500 charges would be enough for the safety of the nation. However, by the 70s. The military-industrial complex began to operate beyond comprehension. About 30 thousand charges were fired. And this, according to experts, played a role in the collapse of the USSR.

What other types of weapons can be called mass-produced?

Several more types of mass-produced weapons can be distinguished.

1. Vacuum weapon. Damaging factor is the rarefaction of the air, and not the destructive force is equal to the action of small nuclear charges. A distinctive feature is the absence of a radioactive trace. Used in the Middle East. It is expensive.
2. High-precision types of mass weapons. They have low power. With their help you can cause accidents with quite serious consequences. For example, with the help of high-precision missiles you can interrupt a pipeline or individual energy cables.
3. Geophysical weapons. The real development took place only in America. Serious Applications of this weapon did not occur, since lithospheric plates have not been studied sufficiently.

There are many more types of weapons that can be considered mass-produced. However, their actual use is hampered by an insufficient theoretical basis.

Don't forget about self-defense

Various types of weapons are used for self-defense. They should be understood as a variety of technical means with which you can protect yourself on legally. There are traumatic, gas and pneumatic types of weapons.

Traumatic weapon necessary to disable the enemy. This happens by causing minor injury. The attacker, receiving a painful blow, is incapacitated for several minutes. And this is precisely what will provide the victim with the opportunity to get as far as possible from the criminal. Traumatic weapons do not carry serious health consequences. The most widely used pistols are those that fire rubber bullets or tear gas. The Osa pistol became very popular.

Gas weapons are less effective. The enemy will lose orientation for just a few seconds. But even this time may be enough to escape. It can take from several minutes to several hours for the enemy to fully restore his health.

Air pistols are not considered self-defense weapons. They are used as training by those who wish to purchase firearms. Also used for sporting purposes.

What other types of weapons can be used in combat?

There are a variety of types of bladed weapons. One of the most popular is the knife. Army, Finnish, and police knives are widely available. There are also special, throwing ones. They are distinguished by a shifted center of gravity - towards the tip. We should take a closer look at the most popular types of knives used in combat.

1. "Taiga" is a machete knife produced under the direction of designer Skrylev. A specific feature is differentiated sharpening of the blade, one part of which is intended for digging. The other part provides the ability to chop down a tree, the third serves as a line cutter, and the fourth is necessary for cutting through thickets. The fifth part of the blade acts as a saw. In addition, you can place an awl, thread, needles, matches, etc. in the handle of the “Taiga”.
2. Speaking about different types of edged weapons, we should highlight the Beaver knife. This is a military variation of the Taiga. Characterized by increased strength and expanded combat capabilities.
3. Expedition knife. Designed by Skrylev. The name speaks for itself. Lighter and simpler than Taiga. Has a skinning hook.
4. Legendary combat knife "Katran". It was developed for underwater combat, but due to a lack of money it was purchased by the FSB. It is in service with the special forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.