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Jan Amos Comenius is a great Czech educator, writer, humanist and public figure. Brief biography of Kamensky rules of art to develop morality

Vasily Vasilyevich Kamensky (1884-1961) was born in the family of a gold mine manager, his early childhood was spent in the village. Borovskoye in the Urals. Orphaned at the age of five, he lived with relatives in Perm, studied at a parochial school. In 1902-1906 he worked as a clerk on the railway, printed notes and poems in the Ural newspapers.

In 1902, he became interested in theater and began performing on the provincial stage, touring various cities of Russia. In 1903 he got into the troupe of V. Meyerhold and, on his advice, left the stage for the sake of studying literature. In 1906 he moved to St. Petersburg and, having passed the gymnasium exams, got the opportunity to study at agricultural courses.

In 1908, he came to the newly opened "magazine of literary debuts" - "Spring", and the editor-in-chief N. Shebuev liked it so much that he offered him the post of editorial secretary. Here Kamensky began to print his immature youthful literary experiments; here he met famous capital writers and "discovered" V. Khlebnikov, for the first time publishing his prose in "Spring".

Together with Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk (from whom he studied painting) and E. Gypo, he participated in the organization of the literary group "cubo-futurists" and remained faithful to this direction to the end. He wrote a play (accepted for staging by one of the St. Petersburg theaters), an anti-urban novel "The Zemlyanka" (1910), edited the collective collections of futurists, where he also published his "solar" poems, and in February 1911 he bought a monoplane "Bleriot XI" and became one of the first Russian aviators.

He studied aerobatics with L. Blériot himself in Paris, and then flew from Gatchina, Perm and in the south; miraculously survived after the catastrophe over the Polish city of Czestochowa. Demonstration flights were accompanied by lectures; at the end of 1911 he wrote the 4-act play Aviator's Life. With the money earned by "air" performances, he acquired a land plot near Perm on the Kamenka River and began to live in his own estate, while not leaving literature, painting and aviation.

Arriving in Moscow in 1913 at the invitation of D. Burliuk, he met V. Mayakovsky and again became actively involved in the “budetlyans” movement: he read his poems and lecture “Airplanes and Futurist Poetry” at the Polytechnic Museum; traveled with his comrades on a tour of Russia, published in all collective publications.

Since 1914, the “reinforced concrete poems” by V. Kamensky (“Tango with Cows”, “Constantinople”, etc.) began to appear, which were pentagonal books (a sheet with a cut corner, drawn into irregular polygons, filled with letters, whole and truncated - “abstruse "- words).

A few decades later, such graphic experiments began to be called "concrete poetry" in the West. In the summer of 1915, Kamensky completed his main work - the novel "Stenka Razin", not so much historical as mythologized, stylized as folklore narrative.

In 1916-17 he lived in Tiflis, performing with brilliance in the circus: he rode into the arena on a white horse in the costume of "Stenka Razin" and addressed the public with a speech about poetry and reciting poetry. With the proceeds, he published a large book of poems - "Barefoot Girls".

In 1917 he organized the "Cafe of Poets" in Moscow; During the revolution, he issued a "Decree on fence literature, on street painting, on balconies with music, on art carnivals." After the revolution, he lived in his estate on Kamenka, but wrote and traveled a lot, composing temperamental memoirs - "The Enthusiast's Way".

For the last thirteen years of his life he was paralyzed, bedridden.

Comenius (Komensky, Comenius) Jan Amos.

Czech humanist thinker, teacher, public figure. Born in the family of a member of the Protestant community of the Czech Brethren. He received his primary education in a fraternal school, in 1608-10 he studied in lat. school, then at the Herborn Academy and Heidelberg University (1611-14), where he was sent by the community to prepare for preaching. In 1614-20 he taught and was a preacher in Přerov, then in Fulnek (Moravia).

You won't learn anything without an example.

Comenius Jan Amos

Comenius' activities were devoted to the problems of education and upbringing, the correction of society for the purpose of mutual understanding and cooperation between peoples in order to "achieve a better life in the whole world."

The philosophical views of Comenius were formed under the influence of the ideas of Aristotle, Plato, F. Bacon, Vives. The philosophy of Comenius (pansophia - teaching everyone everything), his program of general education, faith in the continuity of the process of improving everyone and everything through creative work, the desire to create an integrated method of shaping the individual and society seemed utopian at that time and received a well-deserved assessment only in the 20th century.

In the work of Comenius, the previous tradition of the Czech Reformation and humanism, associated with the Hussite movement, and then with the community of the Czech Brethren, develops.

Let it be an eternal law: to teach and learn everything through examples, instructions and application in practice.

Comenius Jan Amos

Even during his studies, Comenius collected a huge amount of language material for the book. "The Treasure of the Czech Language" (the manuscript burned down in 1656), tried to create a kind of universal encyclopedia "The Theater of Everything" ("Theatrum universitatis rerum"), dabbled in spiritual poetry, and studied the theory of Czech versification.

Comenius is a leading representative of the Czech Reformed Church, during the 30-year war he was forced to hide in the Czech Republic and Moravia. During this period, Comenius wrote a number of historical works and a literary and philosophical treatise "The Labyrinth of Light and Paradise of the Heart" ("Labirint sveta a raj srdce", 1623), which reflected his socially critical position. Acute society, satire in the "Labyrinth ..." is complemented by an optimistic picture of a harmonious society ("Paradise of the Heart"). Under the influence of Neoplatonism, Comenius came to the conclusion that it is possible to eliminate the shortcomings of society only on the basis of the general problems of the world order. He saw one of the ways to improve the world in improving the system of upbringing and education of people. He outlined the theory of general universal education in "Didactics" in Czech (1628-30, published in 1849), in which he considered particular issues of education in connection with the general problems of education and set the goals and methods of education depending on the position of a person in society, his destiny . Education, in his opinion, should help a person to correctly navigate the world in search of the meaning of life. The broad interpretation of the problem and the demand for education for all children and youth led to a negative attitude towards "Didactics".

In 1631-32, Comenius revised Didactics, calling it "Paradise of the Church or Czech Paradise", and made it an integral part of the first draft of the reform of education and upbringing in the Czech Republic. He also intended to create textbooks and methodological literature in addition to "Didactics". Finished Comenius only "Informatorium maternal school", which became the first theory of preschool education of children up to 6 years. The essay revealed the specifics of education at each stage of a child's life, the correlation of physical and moral education, the relationship of children's active work with moral and religious education, mental development and the formation of a child's speech. Noting the diverse significance of children's games, Comenius also emphasized the need for a systematic, commensurate with the age of the child, non-violent familiarization of children with the simplest knowledge about the world.

The tree also needs to be corrected and often refreshed with the help of winds, rains, colds, otherwise it easily weakens and withers. In the same way, the human body generally needs strong movements, activities and serious exercises.

Comenius Jan Amos

In the city of Leszno (Poland), being engaged only in teaching activities, Comenius in 1633-38 revised, expanded and translated into lat. lang. "Didactics". This is how the "Great Didactic" ("Didactica magna") arose, which became the main theoretical basis of the middle (Latin) level of education. The scientist created a unified system of education and outlined its structure - from preschool education to higher education. From birth to 6 years old, children are brought up in a family (mother school), from 6 to 12 years old they study in an elementary school (native language, arithmetic, elements of geometry, geography, natural history, sacred scripture). Comenius believed that in the "school of the native language" it is necessary to acquaint children with crafts. At the next stage of education - in lat. school or gymnasium (from 12 to 18 years old) Comenius introduces, along with the traditional seven free arts, natural science, history, geography. Higher education (from 18 to 24 years old) is carried out at the academy. Comenius developed the concepts of goals, content and methods of education. At first, he preferred the subject principle and was the author of a number of subject textbooks on physics, geometry, geodesy, geography, astronomy, and history. Then he came to the conclusion that a person should receive a system of knowledge about the world. An example of such a collection of the most important knowledge about the world, nature, man, social structure and the spiritual field is the textbook "The Open Door of Languages" ("Janua linguarum reserata", 1631). The textbook was a new type of manual, it rejected the traditional dogmatic way of studying grammar and syntax, and offered a method of language acquisition based on knowledge of the elements of the real world. Contained 8 thousand lats. words, from which relatively simple sentences were composed, grouped into small, gradually becoming more complex stories-articles about the most important phenomena of the surrounding reality. In the 1640s Comenius, at the suggestion of the Swedish government, took up the preparation of the school reform for Sweden in Elbląg and the development of methods for teaching Latin. language. After the Peace of Westphalia (1648), he returned to Leszno, where, by order of Sweden, he prepared textbooks: "The threshold of the Latin language" ("Vestibulum latinae linguae"), "The Hall of Latinism" ("Atrium linguae latinae", 1643-49, publ. 1649 ), as well as "The Newest Method of Languages" ("Linguarum methodus novissima", 1649).

In 1650 Comenius was invited to organize schools in Hungary, where in Sárospatak he tried to partially realize his idea of building a pansophic. schools. The scientific substantiation of its principles, the curriculum, the daily routine were set out by him in Op. "Pansophic school" (1651). The scientist also proposed a solution to the problem of the relationship of factors involved in the educational process (eg, persons involved in learning, place, time, teaching methods). He paid great attention to the role of the educator, teacher (as well as parents), especially his moral character.

The conflict between the plans to create a pansophic school and the real situation of the uneducated majority of the people in Hungary prompted Comenius to further develop the problem of easy, quick, joyful and deep teaching. The illustrated textbook "The World of Sensual Things in Pictures" ("Orbis sensualium pictus", 1658), written by him, a simplified version of the book "The Open Door of Languages", was the first successful attempt to create an educational book based on psychological principles. This textbook, in a somewhat revised form, was used in some European countries until the 2nd floor. 19th century In an effort to make learning more interesting for schoolchildren, Comenius compiled an educational book "School - a game" ("Schola - ludus", 1656), which was a dramatization of the contents of "The Open Door of Languages" and was intended for staging on the school theater stage.

Children are always willing to do something. This is very useful, and therefore not only should this not be interfered with, but measures must be taken to ensure that they always have something to do.

Comenius Jan Amos

In 1654 Comenius returned to Leshno again. From 1657 he lived in Amsterdam. Here he prepared a four-volume collection of his armor. pedagogical works "Opera didactica omnia", among which for the first time saw the light and "Great didactics". In Amsterdam, he also worked on the work "The General Council for the Correction of Human Affairs" ("De rerum humanarum emendatione consultatio catholica"), begun in 1644, which was the result of his philosophical, pedagogical and social plans for the correction of society. "General advice..." includes several parts. "Universal Awakening" ("Panegersia") calls for comprehensive active work aimed at correcting people, "General Education" ("Panaugia") analyzes the main methods for correction, "Universal Wisdom" ("Pansophia"), also called "Universal Order "("Pantaxia"), contains the philosophical core of the "General Council" - a collection of general and specific information about the world as a whole. Based on his philosophy of nature and the development of man and mankind, Comenius, within the framework of Neoplatonism, gave the concept of the structure and development of the cosmic process. The main place in it is occupied by man - the creator, on whose activity depends the extent to which this development will mean both the improvement of the world and the material and spiritual reproduction of mankind. To do this, all people should be trained and educated. "Universal education" ("Panpedia") contains the theory of universal education and education of all people, everywhere, throughout life on the basis of equality. To the initial stages of education and upbringing, the scientist adds other "schools of life", which, in turn, divides them into stages of development - "classes". Thus, the system of general education of Comenius includes the "school of birth", preparation for marriage, the prenatal stage (the birth of children), the "school of early childhood" (preschool education), the "school of childhood" (elementary school education in the native language), " teenage school" (middle level), "school of youth" (higher education). At the next stage - in the "school of old age" - wisdom, life experience, etc. should prevail. Respect for life, concern for its preservation and improvement is the apotheosis of Comenius' work.

To increase the effectiveness of universal education, ensure peace and cooperation between peoples, Comenius proposed creating a universal language in which national culture would develop - a universal language "("Panglotia"), "General Correction" ("Panorthosia") completes the project of a general and complete transformation , primarily the main spheres of human activity (philosophy, politics, religion).At the same time, Comenius emphasized the connection between the self-correction of each individual person and the correction of the main social institutions (family, school, church, state), demanded that the correct balance be observed between freedom and order. The implementation of universal correction should be helped by world institutions that ensure cooperation and peace among peoples: an international organization of scientists for cooperation in the field of science and education, an international consistory (a kind of world council of churches) and an international court for the peaceful resolution of controversial political issues. Council" - "Universal Encouragement" ("Pannutesia") calls for work aimed at universal social correction. Comenius managed to publish only the introductory part of his work-utopia, a number of chapters of the manuscript were not completed (published in full in 1966 in Prague).

The work of Comenius had a huge impact on the development of world pedagogy and school practice. His works contain a number of productive ideas: the unity of the general and the special, the whole and the particular, development and education, societies, the education system and the natural gradual free development of the whole personality, individual and social development, etc. The goal of education, according to Comenius, is to prepare a person to eternal life. He saw the path to eternal bliss in the knowledge of the external world, in the ability to control things and oneself, in raising oneself to the source of all things - God. Thus, Comenius singled out 3 components of education - scientific education, moral education and religious education. Comenius' understanding of the tasks of education was an expression of his humanistic desire for the all-round development of the individual. According to him, man is a child of nature, and therefore all pedagogical means must be nature-conforming. At the same time, the principle of natural conformity of education presupposes the study of the laws of a person's spiritual life and the coordination of all pedagogical influences with them. The idea of universal parallelism, i.e., the recognition of the generality of Ch. principles that govern nature, man and his activities, formed the basis of the comparative method that Comenius used in his pedagogical system.

Comenius Jan Amos (Komensky, Comenius).

You won't learn anything without an example.

Comenius Jan Amos

In the work of Comenius, the previous tradition of the Czech Reformation and humanism, associated with the Hussite movement, and then with the community of the Czech Brethren, develops.

Let it be an eternal law: to teach and learn everything through examples, instructions and application in practice.

Comenius Jan Amos

Jan Comenius is a famous Czech teacher and writer. As a bishop of the Czech Brotherhood, he gained great fame for his innovative classroom teaching methods.

At this time, Jan Comenius wrote many articles aimed at returning the legitimate territories and faith to his people. Soon he began to be persecuted, as, indeed, and his brothers in the faith.

As a result, the reformer ended up in the Polish Leszno, where he was in relative safety.

The first wife of Jan Comenius was Magdalina Vizovskaya, with whom he lived for 4 years. In 1622 she and two of their children died of the plague.

After 2 years, Comenius remarried, marrying the daughter of the bishop, Maria Dorothea.

Despite continuous wars and religious persecution, Comenius continued to engage in writing. One of his most famous works is The Great Didactics, in which he collected most of his works.

Comenius paid serious attention to the reform of knowledge. He constantly strived to improve.

Recognition in society

In the early 1630s, the popularity of Jan Comenius began to gain momentum. It was translated into different languages and aroused great interest in society.

For example, the textbook "The Open Door to Languages" (1631) made it easier and faster to learn Latin.

In this book, unlike analogues, instead of traditional declensions, conjugations and rules, a description of reality was given.

Soon, Jan Comenius wrote another book, Christian Omniscience. It was translated into and published under the title School Reform.

His vision of the upbringing and education of children was completely new, as a result of which it was actively discussed in society.

Jan began to be invited to and where he had many supporters. Cardinal Richelieu even offered him to continue working at, promising to create all the necessary conditions for him. But Comenius refused.

Soon, he managed to meet with (see), whose name was known throughout Europe.

Pansophia by Jan Comenius

Having settled in, Jan Comenius again faced difficulties. Oxenstierna's leadership insisted that the educator write to educate schoolchildren.

However, at that time Kamensky was working on pansophia (teaching everyone everything). Moreover, this idea was gaining popularity among European scientists.

As a result, in 1651 he managed to finish writing an essay called "The Pansophic School". It outlined the structure of the pansophic school, the principles of its work, the curriculum and the general daily routine.

In fact, this work was a model for the universal acquisition of universal knowledge.

Failure in Sarospatak

In 1650 Prince Sigismund Rákóczi of Transylvania invited Jan Comenius to discuss school reforms that were planned for the near future.

In addition, Sigismund wanted to consider Comenius' pansophia in more detail. The teacher agreed to help the prince, and soon set to work.

In one of the schools, he carried out many transformations, but after a few years no serious results followed.

Despite the lack of noticeable success, Comenius was able at that time to write the work "The Sensual World in Pictures", which became a real breakthrough in pedagogy.

Image of Comenius on a bas-relief decorating a school building in Dolany (Czech Republic)

In it, for the study of languages, Jan Comenius began to use pictures, which no one had done before. Soon he will say that "words must be accompanied by things, and cannot be studied separately from them."

An interesting fact is that modern ones also include color illustrations. In addition, pictures or images are used in most mnemonic techniques.

last years of life

After Jan Comenius returned from Transylvania to Leszno, a war broke out between Sweden.

As a result, all the manuscripts of Comenius were lost, and he himself had to move again to another country.

The next and last place of residence of Comenius was. During his residence in this city, he completed the voluminous work "The General Council for the Correction of Human Affairs", consisting of 7 parts.

Yang wrote it for 20 years, and thus was able to take stock of all his activities. And although fragments of the work were published at the end of the 17th century, it was considered lost.

In the 30s of the 20th century, the remaining 5 parts of the book were found. This work was published in full in Latin only in 1966.

Jan Amos Comenius died in November 1670 at the age of 78. He was buried in Naarden, near Amsterdam.

Ideas and didactics of Jan Comenius

After reading a brief biography of Comenius, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the main ideas of the great teacher.

path of light

The path of light is a program developed by Comenius aimed at the enlightenment of man. Its main themes were piety, knowledge and virtue.

Comenius paid great attention to God. He believed that a person must be open to 3 revelations:

visible creation, in which the power of the Creator is visible;
man, created in the likeness of God;
word, with his promise of good will towards man.

All knowledge and ignorance must be taken from 3 books: nature, reason (human spirit) and Holy Scripture.

In order to achieve such wisdom, the individual must use feelings, reason and faith.

Due to the fact that man and nature were created by God, they should have a similar order of things, thanks to which harmony can be achieved in everything.

Know yourself and nature

This doctrine of the macrocosm-microcosm makes it possible to make sure that a person can comprehend hitherto unrealized wisdom.

As a result, each individual becomes a pansophist - a small god. The pagans are unable to comprehend such wisdom because of the lack of the revealed Word, which, according to Christianity, is Jesus Christ.

According to Jan Comenius, a person needs to turn only to divine works and learn something through a direct encounter with things.

He argued that all learning and knowledge begins with feelings. The life and world of any person is a school.

Nature teaches, the teacher is nature's servant, and naturalists are priests in nature's temple. Based on all that has been said, each person should strive to know himself and nature.

Encyclopedia of Omniscience

This concept refers to the method by which a person is able to see the order of things, realizing their causes.

Thanks to this, each individual will be able to fully comprehend various knowledge. Moreover, man will be able to reach the state in which he was before the fall of Adam and Eve.

Innovation in education

According to Jan Comenius, a child should be brought up in such a way that he can compare things and words. When teaching his native language, parents should avoid empty words and complex concepts.

Books in educational institutions should be divided into groups. That is, the child should be taught only what he is able to comprehend at a given time.

Life is like a school

Jan Comenius believed that all life is a school for a person and preparation for eternal life. Girls and boys should study together.

Teachers should not exert emotional pressure on students, much less subject them to physical punishment.

The learning process should take place in a playful manner. If a child cannot master this or that, it is by no means his fault.

In his writings, Jan Comenius argued that pansophia should be the basis for the transformation of mankind, while theology would be the guiding motive.

In his own works, the teacher used many quotations from the Holy Scriptures.

Among the biblical books, he was most interested in the prophecies of Daniel and the Revelation of John the Evangelist.

He believed that by reading these books, a person will be able to obtain the most important knowledge necessary for the biblical millennium.

man of his time

It is worth noting that Jan Comenius was little interested in the development of science. Instead, he focused his attention on theology.

He borrowed all his ideas from the theology of the Bohemian Brethren. Moreover, he actively studied the works of such famous figures as Nicholas of Cusa, Bacon, Jacob Boehme, Juan Luis Vives, Campanella and other thinkers.

As a result, Comenius was able to collect a large store of knowledge, which helped him formulate his own views on the problems of education, theology and scientific pedagogy.

Well, we hope that now you know everything you need about the life and work of Jan Comenius. If you liked this article, please share it on social networks.

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The priest, who carried out educational reform in part of Europe, was born into a poor family and almost did not know parental warmth, since both father and mother died very early from the plague. Perhaps that is why he had so many ideas about the proper upbringing of children and so many methods for giving them more time, knowledge and love than was accepted in those years.

Family and education

Jan Comenius was born in the town of Nivnice in Moravia. His parents belonged to the religious community of the Czech Brethren. In addition to Jan, they had two more daughters. Father worked at a mill.

Jan's grandfather moved to Moravia from Slovakia, then changed his last name in honor of the town in which he settled - Komne, and became Comenius.

The future teacher received his primary education at a local fraternal school.

Due to the plague that was raging in Europe at that time, Jan was left without both parents and sisters - they all died in 1602-1604.

At the age of 16, Jan moved to the town of Přerov, where he went to study at a Latin school, where he stayed for two years. In 1611 he was baptized, having received a second name - Amos, and became a priest. He is entrusted with the position of the manager of the Council of the community of brothers, in addition, he is also a teacher-preacher.

The next stages in the life of Comenius were studies at the Herborn Academy and Heidelberg University. At the same time, Jan begins work on his first serious work, The Theater of All Things, which he will create starting from 1614 for the next 13 years. In addition, he began to work on the Treasury of the Czech Language. And if the first book was a kind of encyclopedia, then the second is the first dictionary of the Czech language. Work on it will be completed only in 1656.

Pedagogical activity

In 1614, Jan returned to Přerov and worked there for the next four years as a teacher at the local fraternal school. After moving to the town of Fulnek, where he studies the Renaissance. In the same place, he writes “Moravian Antiquities” and devotes nine years of his life to compiling a map of the Moravian region.

In 1618 he marries, but four years later his wife and both children die of the plague.

In 1624 he marries a second time.

Despite his vigorous scientific activity, he had problems on religious grounds: the Catholics began to persecute the Moravian Brethren, to which Comenius belonged, and other Protestants. This influenced his decision to move to Poland. There he settled in the city of Leszno, where a year before his arrival, in 1626, the Moravian brothers opened their own gymnasium. In it, he remained in the position of rector and teacher, while simultaneously working on his works.

In 1632, he published the Didactics, first in Czech, then it took six years to translate the book also into Latin. In 1638, his Didactica Magna was published.

In addition to scientific works, he also worked on textbooks: "Physics" and "Astronomy" came out from under his hand. He wrote "Mother's School" - one of the first works in Europe on the upbringing of children.

Comenius was also an adherent of pansophia - a movement that involved teaching everything. His ideas became very popular in Europe. Comenius is invited to England so that he can put his methods into practice there. His books are being actively translated into different languages.

Relocations and school reforms

In 1641, due to the civil war, Comenius moved from England to Sweden, where the chancellor invited him to carry out an educational reform. But due to paperwork and diplomatic affairs, the plan was not realized. As a result, in Sweden the reform was carried out following the example of Uppsala University.

In 1648, the second wife of Comenius dies, a year later he marries again so that there is someone to take care of the children.

In the 40s, he also actively worked on textbooks, as a result of which in 1651 he was invited to carry out school reform in Transylvania.

The first town that fell under the innovations was Sarospatak. After the reorganization of local schools, he again returned to Leszno in 1656, where he was elevated to the bishopric. He stayed there for a year, but because of the war on the territory of the Commonwealth, he decided to flee, and therefore moved to Amsterdam. This move was more like an escape: I had to leave all the property acquired over 28 years, a huge library and many unfinished manuscripts

In Amsterdam, he can finally breathe easy and work: his projects are financed in a timely manner, and his developments are appreciated. Finally, he completes and publishes his "Great Didactics" in four volumes. The book was very popular.

Because of the conflict between England and the Netherlands, Comenius risked fleeing the country again, but at his call, both sides entered into a peace treaty.

Due to the experience and constant moving, Comenius' health deteriorated. It was already hard for him to work, so his assistants recorded their latest developments for him.

Jan Comenius died at the age of 78. He was buried in Narden, a suburb of Amsterdam.

The main ideas of pedagogy and philosophy of Comenius

Jan Comenius assigned an important role in the upbringing of children precisely to the example of adults.

In addition, the basis of his pansophy is the systematic repetition of the material already covered and explanations of how this knowledge can be useful in life.

Moral qualities in children need to be developed before they learn to speak. At the same time, everything must be done so that the mind of the child learns something new all the time. And children need to be brought up only in the spirit of humanism.

Teaching is not a profession, but a vocation.

Knowledge always comes through three sources: faith, feelings and reason.

Each knowledge has three stages: empirical (personal experience), scientific and practical.

The whole school of life, according to Comenius, is divided into seven stages: the school of birth, then infancy, after it - the school of childhood, the school of adolescence, when there is a craving for science, art and crafts, after - the school of youth, the school of life practice and the last - the school of old age .

In Kyiv in 1907-1918, the Czech cultural and educational society named after Jan Amos Comenius operated.
On the territory of the Czech Republic, several series of Jan Amos Comenius medals were issued.
The portrait of Jan Amos Kamensky is placed on the obverse of the 200 CZK banknote.
A street in the Rosvigovsky district of Mukachevo (Transcarpathia) is named after Comenius.

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Jan Amos Comenius is a great Czech educator, writer, humanist and public figure. Brief biography of Kamensky rules of art to develop morality

Recognition in society

Pansophia by Jan Comenius

Failure in Sarospatak

last years of life

Ideas and didactics of Jan Comenius

path of light

Know yourself and nature

Encyclopedia of Omniscience

Innovation in education

Life is like a school

man of his time

Family and education

Pedagogical activity

Relocations and school reforms

The main ideas of pedagogy and philosophy of Comenius

What else to read

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