Large torpedo boat d 3. Torpedo boat. Schnellbots and their characteristics

Torpedo boats- fast, small-sized and fast ships, whose main weapons are self-propelled combat projectiles - torpedoes.

The ancestors of boats with torpedoes on board were the Russian mine ships “Chesma” and “Sinop”. Combat experience in military conflicts from 1878 to 1905 revealed a number of shortcomings. The desire to correct the disadvantages of boats led to two directions in the development of ships:

1. Dimensions and displacement have been increased. This was done in order to equip the boats with more powerful torpedoes, strengthen artillery, and increase seaworthiness.
2. The ships were small-sized, their design was lighter, so maneuverability and speed became an advantage and the main characteristics.

The first direction gave birth to such types of ships as. The second direction led to the appearance of the first torpedo boats.

Mine boat “Chamsa”

The first torpedo boats

One of the first torpedo boats was created by the British. They were called the “40-pounder” and “55-pounder” boats. They very successfully and actively participated in the hostilities in 1917.

The first models had a number of characteristics:

• Small displacement of water - from 17 to 300 tons;
• A small number of torpedoes on board - from 2 to 4;
• High speed from 30 to 50 knots;
• Light auxiliary weapon - machine gun from 12 to 40 - mm;
• Unprotected design.

Torpedo boats of World War II

At the beginning of the war, boats of this class were not very popular among the participating countries. But during the war years their number increased 7-10 times. The Soviet Union developed the construction of light ships, and by the beginning of hostilities, the fleet had approximately 270 torpedo-type boats in service.

Small ships were used in conjunction with aircraft and other equipment. In addition to the main task of attacking ships, the boats had the functions of reconnaissance and sentinels, guarded convoys off the coast, laid mines, and attacked submarines in coastal areas. Also used as vehicle for transporting ammunition, discharging troops and played the role of minesweepers for bottom mines.

Here are the main representatives of torpedo boats in the war:

1. England MTV boats, whose speed was 37 knots. Such boats were equipped with two single-tube devices for torpedoes, two machine guns and four deep mines.
2. German boats with a displacement of 115 thousand kilograms, a length of almost 35 meters and a speed of 40 knots. The armament of the German boat consisted of two devices for torpedo shells and two automatic anti-aircraft guns.
3. Italian MAS boats from the Balletto design organization reached speeds of up to 43-45 knots. They were equipped with two 450-mm torpedo launchers, one 13-caliber machine gun and six bombs.
4. The twenty-meter torpedo boat of the G-5 type, created in the USSR, had a number of characteristics: Displacement of water was about 17 thousand kilograms; Developed speed up to 50 knots; It was equipped with two torpedoes and two small-caliber machine guns.
5. Torpedo-class boats, model RT 103, in service with the US Navy, displaced about 50 tons of water, were 24 meters long and had a speed of 45 knots. Their armament consisted of four torpedo launchers, one 12.7 mm machine gun and 40 mm automatic anti-aircraft guns.
6. Japanese fifteen-meter torpedo boats of the Mitsubishi model had a small water displacement of up to fifteen tons. The T-14 type boat was equipped with a gasoline engine that reached a speed of 33 knots. It was armed with one 25-caliber cannon or machine gun, two torpedo shells and bomb throwers.

USSR 1935 – boat G 6

Mine boat MAS 1936

Torpedo-class ships had several advantages over other warships:

• Small dimensions;
• High speed abilities;
• High maneuverability;
• Small crew;
• Little supply requirement;
• The boats could quickly attack the enemy and also escape with lightning speed.

Schnellbots and their characteristics

Schnellbots are German torpedo boats from World War II. Its body was combined of wood and steel. This was dictated by the desire to increase speed, displacement and reduce financial and time resources for repairs. The conning tower was made of light alloy, had a conical shape and was protected by armored steel.

The boat had seven compartments:

1. – there was a cabin for 6 people;
2. – radio station, commander’s cabin and two fuel tank;
3. – there are diesel engines;
4. – fuel tanks;
5. – dynamos;
6. – steering station, cockpit, ammunition depot;
7. – fuel tanks and steering gear.

Power point by 1944 it was improved to the diesel model MV-518. As a result, the speed increased to 43 knots.

The main weapons were torpedoes. As a rule, steam-gas G7a units were installed. The second effective weapon of the boats were mines. These were bottom shells of the types TMA, TMV, TMS, LMA, 1MV or anchor shells EMC, UMB, EMF, LMF.

The boat was equipped with additional artillery weapons, including:

• One MGC/30 stern gun;
• Two MG 34 portable machine gun mounts;
• At the end of 1942, some boats were equipped with Bofors machine guns.

German boats were equipped with sophisticated technical equipment to detect the enemy. The FuMO-71 radar was a low-power antenna. The system made it possible to detect targets only at close distances: from 2 to 6 km. FuMO-72 radar with a rotating antenna, which was placed on the wheelhouse.

Metox station, which could detect enemy radar radiation. Since 1944, the boats have been equipped with the Naxos system.

Mini schnellbots

Mini boats of the LS type were designed for placement on cruisers and large ships. The boat had the following characteristics. The displacement is only 13 tons, and the length is 12.5 meters. The crew team consisted of seven people. The boat was equipped with two Daimler Benz MB 507 diesel engines, which accelerated the boat to 25-30 knots. The boats were armed with two torpedo launchers and one 2 cm caliber cannon.

The KM type boats were 3 meters longer than the LS. The boat carried 18 tons of water. Two BMW gasoline engines were installed on board. The swimming apparatus had a speed of 30 knots. The boat's weapons included two devices for firing and storing torpedo shells or four mines and one machine gun.

Post-war ships

After the war, many countries abandoned the creation of torpedo boats. And they moved on to creating more modern missile ships. Construction continued to be carried out by Israel, Germany, China, the USSR and others. In the post-war period, boats changed their purpose and began to patrol coastal areas and fight enemy submarines.

The Soviet Union presented a Project 206 torpedo boat with a displacement of 268 tons and a length of 38.6 meters. Its speed was 42 knots. The armament consisted of four 533-mm torpedo tubes and two twin AK-230 launchers.

Some countries have begun producing mixed-type boats, using both missiles and torpedoes:

1. Israel produced the Dabur boat
2. China has developed a combined boat "Hegu"
3. Norway built the Hauk
4. In Germany it was "Albatross"
5. Sweden was armed with the Nordköping
6. Argentina had the Intrepid boat.

Soviet torpedo-class boats are warships used during the Second World War. These light, maneuverable vehicles were indispensable in combat conditions; they were used to land landing troops, transported weapons, carried out minesweeping and laying mines.

Torpedo boats model G-5, mass production which was carried out from 1933 to 1944. A total of 321 ships were produced. The displacement ranged from 15 to 20 tons. The length of such a boat was 19 meters. Two GAM-34B engines of 850 each were installed on board Horse power, allowing you to reach speeds of up to 58 knots. Crew – 6 people.

The weapons on board were a 7-62 mm DA machine gun and two 533 mm stern grooved torpedo tubes.

The armament consisted of:

• Two twin machine guns
• Two tube torpedo devices
• Six M-1 bombs

Boats of the D3 model 1 and 2 series were planing vessels. The dimensions and mass of displaced water were practically the same. The length is 21.6 m for each series, the displacement is 31 and 32 tons, respectively.

The 1st series boat had three Gam-34BC gasoline engines and reached a speed of 32 knots. The crew included 9 people.

The Series 2 boat had a more powerful power plant. It consisted of three Packard gasoline engines with a capacity of 3,600 horsepower. The crew consisted of 11 people.

The armament was practically the same:

• Two twelve-millimeter DShK machine guns;
• Two devices for launching 533-mm torpedoes, model BS-7;
• Eight BM-1 depth charges.

The D3 2 series was additionally equipped with an Oerlikon cannon.

The Komsomolets boat is an improved torpedo boat in all respects. Its body was made of duralumin. The boat consisted of five compartments. The length was 18.7 meters. The boat was equipped with two Packard gasoline engines. The ship reached a speed of up to 48 knots.

Designed under the guidance of designer L.L. Ermasha in 1939, as long-range boats, were intended to conduct torpedo attacks not only in cramped coastal areas but also in the near sea zone.

The boat's hull was made of two layers of wood, the outer layer was made of larch, and the inner layer was made of pine, with a total thickness of 40 mm. The bottom of the boat was three-layer. Sheathing boards were attached copper nails at the rate of five pieces per square decimeter. The deck also consisted of two layers of wood and was straight along its entire length, which allowed free movement along it during a campaign and made it possible to comfortably accommodate a platoon of paratroopers. In the middle of the hull there was a closed wheelhouse with observation glasses. Control devices were installed inside the wheelhouse: a steering wheel, an engine telegraph, three tachometers (one per engine), drives for gas control throttles, a magnetic compass, a tablet with maps, and an automatic firing box for launching torpedoes.
Unsinkability was ensured by dividing the hull with waterproof bulkheads into 5 compartments:

1. Forepeak;
2. Kubrick, radio room and galley, commander's cabin, electrical department;
3. Motor;
4. Skipper's Pantry;
5. Fuel tank, tiller compartment.

Ordinary stove bricks were used as ballast on the boat. Living conditions for the crew were improved, heating of vital compartments was provided, which made it possible for the boat to operate for a long time away from its main base.

The power plant is mechanical, three-shaft, with three domestic GAM-34 gasoline aviation engines of 750 hp each. each with reverse gearboxes, with a maximum rotation speed of up to 1850 rpm. The boat's full speed could be used for no more than an hour. The maximum engine speed during combat training operations was allowed no more than 1600 rpm. A working motor started in 6-8 seconds. after switching on. Maximum valid number rpm in reverse - 1200. Engine operating time in reverse - 3 minutes. B-70 gasoline was used as fuel. After 150 hours of operation, the new engine required a complete overhaul.

The armament of the boats consisted of:

1. Of 2 large-caliber 12.7-mm DShK machine guns with a long barrel of 84.25 caliber, which were located one on the roof of the cabin and one on the tank. Fire mode - only automatic, built on the gas principle, has muzzle brake. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds/min. at initial speed cartridge 850 m/s, firing range up to 3.5 km, ceiling up to 2.4 km. The machine guns are powered by a belt, with 50 rounds per belt. Firing is carried out in bursts of up to 125 rounds, after which cooling is required. The machine gun crew included 2 people. For ease of aiming, a shoulder pad with adjustable shoulder pads is provided. The machine guns had a manual control system with optical sight. Installation weight - no data.

The boats were equipped with a KI-6 magnetic compass and a Shtil-K radio station.

The Shtil-K radio station could operate in telephone mode, had a power of 10-20 W and operated in the range of 75-300 meters with a range of 20 miles.

Construction was carried out at the NKVD plant No. 5 in Leningrad.

Tactical and technical data type D-3 (project 19) series I Displacement: standard 30.8 tons, full 32.1 tons. Maximum length: 21.6 metersLength according to KVL: 21.0 meters

Maximum width:	3.9 meters
Draft according to water line:	0.8 meters
Power point:	3 petrol engines GAM-34 750 hp each, 3 propellers, 3 rudders
Travel speed:	full 32 knots, economic 10 knots
Cruising range:	320 miles at 32 knots, 550 miles at 10 knots
Seaworthiness:	6 points
Autonomy:	2 days
Weapons:	.
artillery:	2x1 12.7 mm DShK machine gun
torpedo:	2 rope 533 mm TA
anti-submarine:
radio engineering:	1 radio station "Shtil-K"
navigation:	1 magnetic compass KI-6
Crew:	9 people (1 officer)

A total of 26 boats were built from 1940 to 1942.

Torpedo boats type D-3 (Project 19) series II

- differed from the previous series by the installed Lend-Lease American Packard gasoline engines and reinforced artillery weapons.

The power plant is mechanical, three-shaft with three Packard gasoline aircraft engines of 1200 hp each. every. The full speed of the boat reached 45 knots. A working motor started in 5-6 seconds. after switching on.

The armament of the boats consisted of:

1. Of 2 BS-7 torpedo tubes for two 533 mm torpedoes. Torpedo tubes (TA) are grips for torpedoes (mines), similar to those used in military aviation grips for hanging ammunition under the fuselage of airplanes and helicopters. For onboard dropping of torpedoes, a galvanic ignition device was used, which consisted of two ignition cartridges installed in the torpedo tube, an electrical wire and a galvanic element (battery) when the circuit was closed, current was supplied to the igniter. The advantage of the TA was that they made it possible to fire a salvo from a stop.
2. From 1 single-barreled 20-mm ShVAK assault rifle with a barrel length of 84 caliber, located on a special banquet immediately behind the wheelhouse. The gun is powered by a belt feed. The calculation included 2 people. The rate of fire of the installation was 700 rounds/min. on the barrel at an initial cartridge speed of 815 m/s, firing range - no data.
3. Of 2 twin large-caliber 12.7-mm DShK machine guns with a barrel length of 84.25 caliber, which were located one on the roof of the wheelhouse and one on the tank. The fire mode is automatic only, built on the gas principle, and has a muzzle brake. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds/min. on the barrel at an initial cartridge speed of 850 m/s, firing range up to 3.5 km, ceiling up to 2.4 km. The machine guns are fed with a belt feed, containing 50 rounds per barrel. Firing is carried out in bursts of up to 125 rounds, after which cooling is required. The machine gun crew included 2 people. For ease of aiming, a shoulder pad with adjustable shoulder pads is provided. The machine guns had a manual control system with an optical sight. Installation weight - no data.
4. Of the 8 BM-1 depth charges located in the stern. Total weight the bomb weighed 41 kg, and the weight of TNT was 25 kg with a length of 420 mm and a diameter of 252 mm. The immersion speed reached 2.3 m/s, and the damage radius reached 5 meters. The bomb was used for preventive bombing, including for detonating bottom magnetic and acoustic mines from boats and slow-moving ships.

Construction was carried out at plant No. 640 in Sosnovka, Kirov region.

The lead boat entered service in 1943.

Tactical and technical data type D-3 (project 19) series II Displacement: standard 32 tons, full 37 tons. Maximum length: 21.6 metersLength according to KVL: 21.0 meters

Maximum width:	3.9 meters
Draft according to water line:	0.9 meters
Power point:	3 Packard gasoline engines of 1200 hp each, 3 propellers, 3 rudders
Travel speed:	full 45 knots, economic 10 knots
Cruising range:	320 miles at 45 knots, 550 miles at 10 knots
Seaworthiness:	6 points
Autonomy:	2 days
Weapons:	.
artillery:	1x1 20-mm ShVAK cannon, 2x2 12.7-mm DShK machine guns
torpedo:	2 rope 533 mm TA
anti-submarine:	1 bomb releaser, 8 BM-1 depth charges
radio engineering:	1 radio station "Shtil-K"
navigation:	1 magnetic compass KI-6
Crew:	11 people (1 officer)

A total of 47 boats were built from 1943 to 1945.

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Torpedo boat D-3: warrior of the North

Soviet torpedo boats of the D-3 type were produced in parallel with the G-5 boats, but turned out to be capable of performing many more tasks than their competitors. Meet the new boat in the USSR research line!

The project of the small torpedo boat D-3 was developed in Leningrad in 1939-1940. In August 1940 prototype was accepted for testing by sailors Black Sea Fleet and in the same year it was put into service. Despite the fact that the D-3 differed little from the G-5 boat in terms of armament and dimensions, it showed excellent potential in the range of tasks performed. The D-3 favorably differed from its competitor in its higher seaworthiness and cruising range, the reliability of the units and design as a whole, more advanced navigation equipment and the presence of a habitable deck, which made it possible to use the D-3 as a light and fast landing transport.

The combat effectiveness of the D-3 boats is perfectly illustrated by the actions of these vessels during the brilliantly conducted landing operation Soviet Northern Fleet in Liinakhamari and the fighting that preceded the decisive blow. The D-3 boats not only effectively fought the Nazi convoys, but also played a decisive role in the capture artillery batteries Petsamo fjord, delivering paratroopers to enemy fortifications under heavy fire from the shore. Experience combat use D-3 boats showed their high survivability - despite the fact that the hull structure was made of wood different breeds, torpedo boats were capable of surviving hundreds of holes and leading the crew out from under enemy fire.

IN War Thunder The D-3 torpedo boat is located at the lower ranks of the USSR fleet research line. This is a small vessel with a length of just over 22 meters and a displacement of 36 tons. The power plant consists of three gasoline engines of the GAM-34 series, which give the boat a maximum speed of 32 knots (60 km/h).

The boat's armament consists of two 53-38 torpedoes of 533mm caliber - the same as on the G-5 boats, but the torpedoes are launched by dropping them overboard along the course of the boat. The D-3 has two heavy machine guns DShK, there was also a place to place depth charges. The boat's crew is 9 people.

The D-3 torpedo boat will be one of the first boats available for testing to participants in the closed beta test of War Thunder naval battles. Hurry up to be among the first testers of the War Thunder fleet. See you in battle!

War Thunder team!

Torpedo boats of the D-3 type (project P-19-OK)
Torpedo boat TKA-12 in Severomorsk
Project
A country
Manufacturers
Operators
Previous type	D 2
Subsequent type	"Komsomolets"
Years of construction	1940 - 1944
Built	73
In service	No
In conservation	No
In reserve	No
Saved	In Severomorsk, on Muzhestva Square, the Northern Fleet boat TKA-12 was permanently moored
Sent for scrapping	72
Main characteristics
Displacement	32.1 t
Length	21.6 m (maximum) 21 m (between perpendiculars)
Width	3.9 m (on deck) 3.7 m (cheekbone)
Draft	0.8 m
Engines	3 petrol GAM-34/GAM-34VS/GAM-34F/Packard
Power	3 x 750-1200 l. With.
Travel speed	32-48 knots
Cruising range	300-320 miles (full speed) 550-550 miles (8 knots)
Crew	8-10 people, transport of troops is possible
Armament
Radar weapons	standard radars of the Vosper and Higgins boats
Flak	2 12.7 mm DShK or Colt-Browning machine guns, 1 20 mm Oerlikon cannon, etc.
Anti-submarine weapons	8 depth charges
Mine and torpedo weapons	2 BS-7 torpedo tubes, 2,533 mm torpedoes of the 1939 model.

Description

Ride quality

The total displacement is just over 32 tons. Maximum dimensions: 21.6 × 3.9 × 0.8 m. Speed ​​depended on the engines: engines of the GAM-34 family gave a speed of 32 to 37 knots, American Packard 4M-2500 engines supplied under Lend-Lease - up to 48 knots . Cruising range at maximum speed up to 320-350 miles, at a speed of 8 knots - 550 miles. The boat could be used in winds of no more than force 6.

Armament

The boat was equipped with two 12.7 mm DShK machine guns. Some boats were armed with machine guns from Colt, Browning and others, and some were equipped with an automatic 20-mm Oerlikon cannon. The main torpedo armament was BS-7 torpedo tubes, from which two 533 mm torpedoes of the 1939 model were launched (each weighing 1800 kg with a TNT charge of 320 kg, speed up to 51 knots, range 21 cables). The shot was fired from the bridge of the boat when the galvanic ignition cartridge was ignited.

Protection

The boat hull is made of wood, up to 40 mm thick. For protection, the bottom is made of three layers, and the side and deck are made of two layers (the outer one is made of larch, the inner one is made of pine). The sheathing was fastened with copper nails in a ratio of 5 nails per square. decimeter. With minor damage, the pine swelled and closed the holes and holes. Ordinary bricks were used as ballast.

Premises

The hull was divided into five waterproof compartments: the first forepeak, the second a four-berth cockpit, there was also a galley, a boiler enclosure and a radio cabin (heating was provided for them). Navigation equipment was better than on G-5 type boats. You can also take a landing group on board. A crew of 8-10 people allowed the boat to operate for a long time away from the base.

Construction

The boats were built at factories in Leningrad and Sosnovka ( Kirov region). Before the war, the Northern Fleet had only two boats, but in August 1941, Leningrad workers managed to build and commission five more. These seven boats were combined into a separate detachment, which operated until 1943. In 1943, serial production of boats resumed.

Service

The survivability of the boats was high. In the landing operation in Liinakhamari, in which two groups of Northern Fleet boats took part under the command of Lieutenant Commander A. O. Shabalin and captain 2nd rank

Equipment and weapons 1995 03-04 Magazine “Equipment and weapons”

TORPEDO BOAT “TK-12” (TC TYPE “D-3”)

73 units of torpedo boats of this series were built. TK-12 was laid down in 1939 and launched in 1940. On August 1, 1941, he was delivered by railway to Murmansk and on August 16 included in the Northern Fleet. During the Great Patriotic War he acted on enemy communications, participated in the Petsamo-Kirkenes war offensive operation in November 1944. Sank 4 ships and enemy vessels. Including, November 6, 1941 - RT "Bjernungen", December 22, 1943 - TFR "V-6106" and July 15, 1944 - drifter "Storega". One of the TK-12 crews was commanded by the famous Soviet boat ace Alexander Shabalin, who by the end of the war became a twice Hero Soviet Union. On July 17, 1945, the TK-12 torpedo boat was transferred to the Northern Fleet Museum for installation as a monument-exhibit.

Basic performance characteristics. Total displacement - 35.7 tons. Length – 22.1 m. Width – 3.96 m. Draft – 1.7 m. Engine power – 3 x 850 hp. Maximum travel speed – 32 angles. Cruising range - 355 miles. Armament: two 533-mm torpedo tubes and two machine guns. It took on board 12 small depth charges. Crew – 9 people.

Airplane JIa-7 Ivan Kozhedub

From the book Technology and Weapons 1995 03-04 author Magazine "Equipment and Weapons"

TORPEDO BOAT “TK-12” (TK TYPE “D-3”) 73 units of torpedo boats of this series were built. TK-12 was laid down in 1939 and launched in 1940. On August 1, 1941, it was delivered by rail to Murmansk and on August 16 it was included in the Northern Fleet. During the Great Patriotic War

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