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South Russian Union of Workers ("South Russian Union of Workers")

first workers' revolutionary political organization in Russia. It arose in Odessa in 1875. The formation of the "Union" was facilitated fast development Odessa as a commercial, industrial and port city, in which workers from different regions of Russia were concentrated. The literature of the Russian revolutionary emigration penetrated into Odessa. Creation of Yu. from. R." was prepared by the activities of the Odessa circle of Chaikovtsy (See Chaikovtsy) (headed by F. V. Volkhovsky), the circle of the Zhebunev brothers, and the circle of I. M. Kovalsky (See Kovalsky), who in 1872-74 conducted propaganda in workers' circles of self-education. At the beginning of 1875, the workers' circles of the factories of Bellino-Fenderich, Goulier-Blanchard, and others founded, under the leadership of E. O. Zaslavsky (Sm. Zaslavsky), a savings and loan bank (later, the Fraternal Cash Office of the Odessa Workers), which became the core of the Union. In July 1875, at a meeting of members of the fund, the formation of the "Union" was finally formalized, the name and charter drawn up by Zaslavsky under the influence of the charter of the 1st International were adopted. It argued that workers could achieve recognition of their rights "only through a violent revolution which would abolish all privileges and advantages and make labor the basis of personal and social welfare." The goals of the Union are to promote the idea of ​​freeing workers from the yoke of capital, to unite them to fight the economic and political order. Raising the question of the need political struggle sharply distinguished the charter of the "Union" from other populist programs of the first half of the 1870s. V. I. Lenin wrote that the first workers' organizations in Russia "... demanded political rights people, they wanted to fight for these rights, while the Russian socialists mistakenly considered the political struggle as a retreat from socialism” (Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 4, p. 245). However, the charter of the "Union" did not give a clear idea of ​​the class struggle of the proletariat and, on the whole, did not go beyond the populist worldview. The "Union" established contacts with the workers of Rostov and Kishinev. The Odessa branch consisted of 6 groups: workers of the Bellino-Fenderich, Blanchard factories, a group of compositors, goldsmiths, railway workers. workshops and Slobodka-Romanovka. "YU. from. R." consisted of up to 60 members, around which 150-200 sympathetic workers were grouped. The most active - F. I. Kravchenko, N. B. Naddachin, S. S. Naumov, M. P. Squares (See Skveri), I. O. Rybitsky, M. Ya. Lyakhovich and others conducted propaganda, introduced workers with illegal literature, involved new members in the "Union", participated in the organization of 2 strikes. Members of the "Union" responded to the struggle Slavic peoples Balkan Peninsula collecting money in favor of the rebellious Herzegovinians, established links with emigration, received illegal publications from London. At the end of 1875 - beginning of 1876 "Yu. from. R." was destroyed as a result of betrayal. 15 people were brought to trial by the Special Presence of the Governing Senate. May 23-27, 1877 the first political process on the cause of the revolutionary workers. Zaslavsky, Rybitsky and Kravchenko were sentenced to penal servitude, the rest to various terms of imprisonment and exile.

Lit.: South Russian Union of Workers. Sat. Art. and materials, [Nikolaev], 1924; South Russian Workers' Unions, M., 1924; The labor movement in Russia in the 19th century, Sat. documents and materials, v. 2, part 2, M., 1950; Yeshchenko F. O., Pivdennorosiysky union of robots, Kharkiv, 1971; Itenberg B. S., "South Russian Union of Workers". Emergence and activity, M., 1974; Pershina 3. V., Essays on the history of the revolutionary movement in the south of Ukraine, K. - Od., 1975.

B. S. Itenberg.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what the "South Russian Union of Workers" is in other dictionaries:

The first workers' political organization in Russia. In July 1875 in Odessa, at a meeting of members of the fund, the formation of the Union was formalized, the name and charter were adopted, which stated that workers could achieve recognition of their rights only through ... ... Political science. Dictionary.

The first revolutionary workers' organization in Russia (Odessa, 1875). Organizer E. O. Zaslavsky (about 60 members). Defeated in the con. 1875 1876. In May 1877, 15 members were sentenced to hard labor and Siberian exile ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

- "SOUTHERN RUSSIAN UNION OF WORKERS", the first revolutionary workers' organization in Russia (Odessa, 1875). Organizer E. O. Zaslavsky (about 60 members). Defeated in the con. 1875 1876. In May 1877, 15 members were sentenced to hard labor and Siberian exile ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The South Russian Union of Workers is the first workers' political organization in Russian Empire. It was created in Odessa in 1875 by the populist E. O. Zaslavsky. Liquidated by the authorities in early 1876. Contents ... Wikipedia

The first working revolutionary political. organization in Russia, which arose in 1875 in Odessa. To Odessa, to paradise, it quickly developed as a trade prom. port city, widely penetrated the revolution. emigrant litera. Yu.'s emergence with. R. preceded the creation of ... ...

The first revolutionary workers' organization in Russia (Odessa, 1875). Organizer E. O. Zaslavsky (about 60 members). Defeated at the end of 1875 76. In May 1877, 15 members were sentenced to hard labor and Siberian exile ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (USSR, Union SSR, Soviet Union) the first in the history of the socialist. state in. Occupies almost a sixth of the inhabited land the globe 22 million 402.2 thousand km2. In terms of population 243.9 million people. (as of Jan. 1, 1971) Sov. The Union belongs to the 3rd place in ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

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"South Russian Union of Workers", the first workers' revolution. in a lit. org-tion in Russia. It arose in Odessa in 1875. The formation of the "Union" was facilitated by the rapid development of Odessa as a trade and industry. and a port city, in which workers from different districts of Russia were concentrated. Lit-ra Rus penetrated into Odessa. revolutionary emigration. Creation of Yu. S. R. was prepared by the activities of the Odessa circle Chaikovtsy(headed by F.V. Volkhovsky), mug br. Zhebunevs and a mug of I. M. Kowalski, to-rye in 1872-74 conducted propaganda in the working circles of self-education. In the beginning. 1875 workers' circles of the factories of Bellino-Fenderich, Gullier-Blanchard and others were founded under the direction of. E. O. Zaslavsky loan-save. cash desk (later - "Fraternal cash desk of Odessa workers"), which became the core of the "Union". In July 1875, at a meeting of members of the fund, the formation of the "Union" was completed, the name and charter, drawn up by Zaslavsky under the influence of the charter of the 1st International, were adopted. It argued that workers could achieve recognition of their rights "only through a violent revolution, which would destroy all privileges and advantages and make labor the basis of personal and social welfare." The goals of the "Union" are to promote the idea of ​​freeing workers from the yoke of capital, to unite them to fight the economic. and political in order. Raising the question of the need for political struggle sharply distinguished the charter of the "Union" from other populists. programs 1st half. 1870s V. I. Lenin wrote that the first workers' organizations in Russia "... demanded the political rights of the people, they wanted to fight for these rights, and the Russian socialists mistakenly considered the political struggle a retreat from socialism" (Poly. sobr. op. , 5th ed., vol. 4, p. 245). However, the charter of the "Union" did not give a clear idea of ​​the class struggle of the proletariat and, on the whole, did not go beyond the populist. worldview. "Soyuz" established contacts with the workers of Rostov and Chisinau. The Odessa branch consisted of 6 groups: the workers of the Bellino-Fenderich, Blanchard factories, a group of compositors, goldsmiths, workers of the railway workshops and Slobodka-Romanovka. "Yu. from. r." consisted of up to 60 members, around which 150-200 sympathetic workers were grouped. The most active were F.I. Kravchenko, N. B. Naddachin, S. S. Naumov, M.P. Square, I. O. Rybitsky, M. Ya. Lyakhovich and others carried out propaganda, introduced the workers to illegal liquor, drew new members into the "Union", and participated in organizing 2 strikes. Members of the "Union" responded to the struggle of the glories, the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula by collecting money in favor of the rebellious Herzegovinians, established contacts with emigration, received illegal publications from London. In con. 1875 - beginning. 1876 ​​"Yu. s. r." was destroyed as a result of betrayal. 15 people brought before the Special Presence of the Governing Senate. On May 23-27, 1877, the first political process in the case of revolutionary workers. Zaslavsky, Rybitsky and Kravchenko were sentenced to penal servitude, the rest to various terms of imprisonment and exile.

B. S. Itenberg.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia is used.

Literature:

South Russian Union of Workers. Sat. Art. and materials, [Nikolaev], 1924;

South Russian Workers' Unions, M., 1924;

The labor movement in Russia in the 19th century, Sat. documents and materials, v. 2, part 2, M., 1950;

Yushchenko F. O., Swedish Russian Union of Workers! in, XapKie, 1971;

Itenberg B. S., "South Russian Union of Workers". Emergence and activity, M., 1974;

Pershina 3. V., Essays on the history of the revolutionary movement in the south of Ukraine, K.-Od., 1975.

The first attempt to create an independent working organization was undertaken in Odessa in May 1875.

At the head of the "South Russian Union of Workers" stood the worker-intellectual E. O. Zaslavsky. Program and organizational principles " South Russian Union” were formulated in its charter. The main goal of this organization is the elimination of the socio-economic and political system that existed in Russia, the main means of achieving this goal is a violent coup. For the success of social and economic emancipation, it was said in the charter, the union of workers is necessary. This provision was very valuable, its inclusion in the statute testified to the acquaintance of its authors with the Statute of the First International, worked out by K. Marx. The influence of the Charter of the First International was reflected in the propaganda by members of the " South Russian Union» principles of internationalism. It united workers of different nationalities, provided assistance and support to the struggle of the Slavic peoples against the Ottoman yoke.
However, the statute South Russian Union” reflected some influence of the utopian socialism of the Narodniks: it did not single out the special, leading role of the working class in the democratic struggle, exaggerated the importance of propaganda, and did not clearly formulate the political tasks of the proletariat. Nevertheless, the creation of an independent class organization of workers, the growing interest in the development of the labor movement in Europe testified that the advanced workers began to free themselves from the influence of populism.
In December 1878, the disparate circles of the workers of St. Petersburg united into a single organization - the Northern Union of Russian Workers. " northern union” united about 200 active members and another 200 sympathizers. At the head of the "Union" were the locksmith V.P. Obnorsky and the carpenter S.N. Khalturin. Taking care of the organizational association of the workers, the members of the "Northern Union" established contacts with working groups in other industrial centers of the country, helped to hold strikes, and supported the struggle of the Polish workers.
Program " northern union”, reproduced in the underground printing house “Land and Freedom” (January 1879), was issued in the form of an appeal “To the Russian Workers”. In the formulation of the ultimate goal - the replacement of the state by a "federation of free communities" - one can also see the influence of populism. The program proclaimed the need to abolish private ownership of land and establish communal land tenure. The workers must unite in associations that organize production and own the instruments of production. Very important is the statement of the "Northern Union" that the fate of the social revolution in Russia depends on the workers and that the tasks Russian workers are closely connected with the tasks of social democracy Western Europe. The program clearly spoke of the need for political struggle. It formulated political demands - freedom of speech, press and assembly, the abolition of estates, the introduction of free education, the replacement of the army with the general armament of the people, etc. The demand for political freedoms and recognition of the need for political struggle is a big step forward compared to populist organization"Land and freedom". The Earth Volts criticized " northern union"for imitating the program of the German Social Democracy (in particular, for introducing political demands into the program), but the leaders" northern union"Standed on the position of international unity and political struggle, necessary for the complete social emancipation of the proletariat. The program of the "Northern Union of Russian Workers" testified to the growth of class consciousness among the advanced proletarians of Russia, that they went further than the Narodniks, who did not understand the significance of the political struggle.
In January 1879, as a result of treachery, some leaders were arrested " northern union”, including V.P. Obnorsky. S. N. Khalturin fled from the police and, together with the populists, became interested in terrorist methods of struggle. The leaders who remained at large northern union"In 1880, the first workers' newspaper," Rabochaya Dawn ", was published in an underground printing house. It looked like a flyer. The newspaper described the situation of the workers and called on them to unite in order to fight against the employers and the government. The destruction of the printing house by the police and the arrest of the circulation of the newspaper actually completed the activities of the Northern Union of Russian Workers.
This short lived organization great importance in the history of the labor movement in Russia. The activities of the "Northern Union" contributed to the awakening of the class consciousness of the proletariat. Comprehending the experience of the international labor movement, the leaders of the "Union" acquainted the workers of Russia with it and called them to international unity. The first class organizations of the proletariat took the first steps in uniting the workers. Organizational activity the first workers' unions prepared the rise of the labor movement in the 80s of the XIX century.

"SOUTHERN RUSSIAN UNION OF WORKERS" - the first working revolutionary-political. org-tion in Russia, which arose in 1875 in Odessa. In Odessa, the region quickly developed as a trade and industry. port city, widely penetrated the revolution. emigrant literature. The emergence of "Yu. s. r." preceded by the creation of general education workers. circles (since 1872). Dec. 1873 workers attempted to create a coop. enterprises in order to improve their economic position, but failed. In the beginning. 1875 members of workers' circles organized loan-savings. cash desk (later called the "Fraternal cash desk of Odessa workers") under the arms. E. O. "Zaslavsky", in the charter of which it was said about the fight against entrepreneurs. In Apr. - May (according to some data, in June) 1875 "Yu. s. r." was formed from the members of the cash desk. Its charter stated that the workers could only achieve their rights through a violent revolution that would destroy all privileges and advantages and make work the basis of personal and society. welfare. "Yu.s.r." set the goal of promoting the idea of ​​liberating the workers from the yoke of capital, their unification to fight the economic. and political orders. Member "Union" could be every worker who sympathizes with the struggle for the liberation of the workers. This charter was influenced by the charter of the 1st International. Point on the struggle of the workers for political. freedom was sharply distinguished by the charter of Yu. S. R. from populist. programs. But the charter of the "Union" did not give a clear idea of ​​the class. struggle of the proletariat, among its members were still strong populists. views. "Yu.s.r." consisted of 6 groups: a group of workers railway. workshops, workers of the Bellino-Fenderich factory, Blanchard factory, mountains. groups of compositors, groups of goldsmiths and groups of workers on Slobodka-Romanovka. It numbered up to 60 active members, around which 150-200 sympathizers were grouped. The Union held weekly gatherings of workers and meetings of representatives from groups, took an active part in organizing two strikes in 1875, and tried to expand its activities to Rostov-on-Don, Nikolaev, Taganrog, Sevastopol, and other cities. In Rostov-on-Don, workers N. B. Naddachin and P. G. Sikachin created a branch of the Soyuz. Members of the Yu. S. R. Established ties with Russian revolutionary emigration, received illegal publications from London. According to the denunciation of a traitor in Dec. 1875 arrests began. 15 people were brought to trial by the Special Presence of the Governing Senate (May 23–27, 1877). It was the first political in Russia. process in the case of revolutionary workers. Zaslavsky was sentenced to 10 years, and Y. Rybitsky and F. Kravchenko - to 5 years of hard labor, S. Naumov, P. Silenko, M. Lyakhovich, V. Mrachkovsky - to a settlement in Siberia with the deprivation of all rights of state.

Lit .: Square M. P., The first working socialist. organization in Odessa (1875), Od., 1921; South Russian Union of Workers. Sat. Art. and mat-lov, [Nikolaev], 1924; South Russian Workers' Unions, M., 1924; The labor movement in Russia in the 19th century. Sat. dok-tov and mat-lov, v. 2, part 2, M., 1950; Itenberg B. S., South Russian Union of Workers - the first proletarian organization in Russia, M., 1954; Yeshchenko F. O., Pivdenno-Russian union of robot workers, Kharkiv, 1971.

History of creation and existence

Charter of the South Russian Union of Workers

The posing of the question of the need to fight for political freedoms as an integral part of the overall struggle to build socialism was taken from Marxism and distinguished the charter of the "Union" from other populist programs built on utopian socialism and anarchism. However, the charter of the "Union" did not give a clear idea of ​​the class struggle of the proletariat and, on the whole, was still more populist than Marxist.

The Odessa "Union" included workers from the following Odessa industries: factories of the Bellino-Fenderich and Goulier-Blanchard families; printing houses; firms producing gold jewelry; railway workshops; numerous enterprises of the working district of Slobodka-Romanovka. The "South Russian Union of Workers" had up to 60 members, around which 150-200 sympathetic workers were grouped. The most active - F. I. Kravchenko, N. B. Naddachin, S. S. Naumov, M. P. Skvery, I. O. Rybitsky, M. Ya. for economic reasons, during the time the "Union" existed, they distributed illegal literature among the workers, printed in their own printing house, and attracted new members to the "Union". Members of the "Union" collected money for the Slavic peoples of the Balkan Peninsula, leading the struggle for independence, for the rebellious Herzegovinians, established ties with emigration, received illegal publications from