The T-80 turned out to be a complete disaster. T-80 turned out to be a complete disaster Shells t 80

The forties and fifties of the last century was a real "finest hour" for turbine power plants. The turbine engine won an easy victory over the piston engine in the aircraft industry and tank builders also began to produce the first drawings of tanks with similar power plants. And this is not surprising: this engine has much more high performance, compared to traditional diesel or gasoline engine; having the same weight, a gas turbine engine is much more powerful, and this increases the speed of the tank and allows you to install more powerful weapons on it.

Soviet Union- the first country in the world to establish serial production of a tank on which a gas turbine engine (GTE) stood. Although I must say that it took several decades. Drawings of tanks with gas turbine engines began to appear in the late 40s, and the T 80 battle tank was put into service in 1976. But the task was not easy. The first turbines were imperfect and ill-suited for use as tank engines.

In Kharkov, in 1963, a modification of the T-64 tank was created, on which a gas turbine engine was installed, but this tank did not go into series. Despite all the advantages of gas turbine engines, there were problems that could not be solved in the 60s. The main difficulty in using a gas turbine power plant was to clean the air from dust. If the aircraft turbine encounters this problem only during landing and takeoff, then the tank engine operates in completely different conditions and the tank column often travels in a continuous cloud of dust. Also, gas turbine engines had higher fuel consumption than traditional engines. In the 50-70s of the last century, numerous drawings of tanks with gas turbine engines were created, but most of them remained at the project stage.

In 1969, the development of a new tank began at the Kirov Plant, on which a gas turbine engine was installed. The tank was developed on the basis of the T-64, but after the first tests it became clear that the drawings of the tank required significant changes. First of all, this applied to the chassis of the car. It took seven years to develop all the changes, and in 1976 the main tank T 80 was adopted. This tank was in service with the USSR army for more than 20 years, now it is the main battle tank of the Russian armed forces. This machine went through many conflicts and wars, was involved during the CTO in Chechnya.

Battle tank T-80. Description

Like any other soviet tank, the main tank T 80 had a classic layout, inside it housed a crew of three. The mass of the vehicle was 42 tons, the frontal parts of the tank were made of multilayer armor. This made it possible to increase the security of the tank without increasing the thickness of the armor and adding excess weight. The tank engine had a special air purification system from dust, which made it possible to retain 97% of dust particles. The use of the GPA has significantly improved specifications new tank, the speed and maneuverability of the vehicle has seriously increased. One of the positive features of machines with gas turbine engines is their "illegibility" in terms of fuel; gasoline, aviation kerosene, diesel and other types of fuel can be used to refuel the T-80. Fuel consumption is relatively small. The internal structure of the tank and the conditions for the crew are well thought out - driving the tank is very easy and convenient.

The tank is armed with a 125-mm smoothbore gun (firing range up to 5 km), the ammunition load includes 40 shells (later modifications have 38 and 45 shells), both sub-caliber, and cumulative and high-explosive fragmentation. Later modifications of the vehicle were able to fire Cobra and Reflex missiles (firing range 4 and 5 km). Also included in the set of weapons anti-aircraft machine gun and PKT (7.62 mm).

The Soviet main tank T 80 had the following modifications: T-80U, T-80B (T-80BV), T-80UD and T-80U-M1 Bars, although the latter is a completely Russian tank created in Russia after the collapse of the USSR. Below is a table describing all the main characteristics of the T-80 and its modifications.

TTX of the main modifications of the T-80 tank

Modification	T-80		T-80B (T-80BV)	T-80U	T-80UD
Plant-developer	Kirovsky plant				Kharkov plant
Adopted	1976		1978	1985	1987
Weight	42		42,5	46	46
Dimensions
Length, mm	6780		6982	7012	7020
Width, mm	3525		3582	3603	3755
Height, mm	2300		2219	2215	2215
Clearance, mm	451				529
Availability and type of protection
Dynamic	Not		"Contact-1"	"Contact-5"	"Contact-5"
Active	Not				"Curtain"
Armor	cast and rolled, combined
Armament
A gun	2A46-1		2A46-1	2A46-1/4	2A46-1
Firing range, m	0-5000
	40		38	45	45
Crew	3
Power point
engine's type		gas turbine			Diesel
Power, hp		1000	1100	1250	1000
		70			60
Cross country speed		40-45
Specific power hp/t		23,8	25,8	21,74	21,7
Fuel reserve, l		1840
Fuel consumption l/km		3,7
suspension type		Torsion

Modifications T-80U and T-80UD are the most advanced versions of this tank. T-80U was created in 1985 in Leningrad, and T-80UD - in 1987 in Kharkov. And the T-80U-M1 "Bars" was already created in Russia, after the collapse of the USSR. These vehicles received the most advanced fire control system, their protection was improved (by increasing the thickness of the armor and installing dynamic protection). At the same time, the weight of the car increased slightly. The T-80UD is distinguished by a more powerful engine (diesel 1000 hp), a new turret with improved armor and an improved fire control system. Ammunition was increased.

All modifications of the T-80 tank use an automatic engine control system, which significantly reduces fuel consumption. The visibility for the crew has been improved.

T-80U-M1 "Bars"

I would like to separately talk about the latest modification of this very interesting machine - about the famous Russian "flying" tank T-80U-M1 "Bars", which was created in the early 90s in Russia.

The creators of the Russian "Bars" aimed to improve the protection of the tank, increase its maneuverability and provide it with a lighter and more advanced weapon system. The aiming systems and visibility of the crew members have also been significantly improved. The tank weighs 47 tons. The layout is classic. The tank can fire guided missiles, firing range up to 5 km. Ammunition consists of different types of projectiles.

The Russian "Bars" is equipped with the same reliable and proven 125-mm 2A46M cannon (firing range up to 5 km), ammunition - 45 rounds. The rigidity of the barrel was increased and this improved the accuracy of fire. The fire control system installed on the tank takes into account many characteristics: the range to the target, its speed, the speed of the tank itself, wind strength, charge temperature. All this significantly improves the accuracy of shooting and allows you to send the projectile right on target. The control system allows the tank commander to shoot as well. The T-80U-M1 provides excellent visibility for all crew members. The tank can be equipped with a night sight or a thermal imager. The thickness of the armor has been increased, with a slight increase in the mass of the tank.

Tank protection also corresponds to the best world analogues. It consists:

• combined multi-layer armor of the upper front of the hull and turret;
• built-in dynamic protection (VDZ);
• complex active protection"Arena";
• KOEP "Shtora-1".

The installation of an active protection complex increases the survivability of the tank several times, even without increasing the thickness of the armor and maintaining the weight of the tank. Especially when participating in local conflicts, when hand grenade launchers are the main means of destruction. The experience of using "Bars" during the CTO in Chechnya confirmed this. We can safely say that the T-80U-M1 is one of the most protected tanks modern Russia. Built-in protection provides better protection against projectiles.

This tank has an engine with a maximum power of 1250 hp. Its specific power is 27.2 hp/t, which is a record. No wonder the Bars is called the "flying tank", it is distinguished by excellent speed and maneuverability. Below is a description of the T-80U-M1 tank. The engine management system can significantly reduce fuel consumption.

The T-80U-M1 automatic loader contains 28 rounds of ammunition and this ensures a fast rate of fire.
Below is a table describing the parameters of the tank.

Modification	T-80U-M1 "Bars"
Adopted	1976
Weight	47
Dimensions
Length, mm	7010
Width, mm	3603
Height, mm	2202
Clearance, mm	450
Availability and type of protection
Dynamic	There is
Active	There is
Armament
A gun	2A46-1
Firing range, m	0-5000
Ammunition, number of shells	40
Power point
engine's type	gas turbine
Power, hp	1250
Maximum highway speed	70
Specific power hp/t	23,8
Fuel reserve, l	1840
Fuel consumption l/km	3,7

At the same time, the Russian "Bars" is easy to operate, the arrangement of the fighting compartment is extremely well thought out and convenient. For this tank, Russian specialists have developed a unique air conditioning system, which makes driving easy and convenient. It can be said that the Russian tank T-80U-M1 is the best of all modifications of this machine.

Video about the T-80 tank

T-80U-M1 "Bars"

The T-80 tank is in service with Russia and a dozen other countries. The tank took part in many wars and conflicts, including in Chechnya and the Caucasus. How many more years this tank will be in service in Russia, no one can say.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

The T-80 is a Soviet-made main battle tank. It is the first tank in the world to be equipped with a single gas turbine power plant. It has been in service with the Soviet Army since 1976. The first serial samples that were created on the basis of the T-64 in SKB-2 were produced at the Kirov Plant in Leningrad. They are part of the Armed Forces of such states as South Korea, Ukraine, Russia and others. The T-80U modification was manufactured at the Omsktransmash plant, and the T-80UD at the Malyshev plant in Kharkov. In turn, the T-80UD also has modifications - Ukrainian BM "Oplot" and T-84.

1. Photos

2. Video

3. History

The debut "Kirov" gas turbine tank of a new generation, designated "object 219 sp 1", was produced in 1969 and outwardly looked like an experimental gas turbine tank T-64T, manufactured in Kharkov. The car was equipped with the one developed at the NPO. V.Ya. Klimov, engine GTD-1000T. The development with the designation "object 219 sp 1" differed from the predecessor prototype by significant changes in the chassis. In particular, carrier and support rollers, new guide and drive wheels, hydraulic shock absorbers, tracks with rubber-coated tracks and torsion bars with improved characteristics were developed. The shape of the tower has also changed. With the T-64A, this tank was combined with ammunition, a cannon, a loading mechanism (not the same as on the T-72 and its modifications), armor protection, as well as individual systems and components.

4. Tactical and technical characteristics

4.1 Dimensions

• Case length, mm: T-80 - 6780; 6982; T-80U - 7012; T-80UD - 7020
• Length with gun forward, mm: T-80 - 9656; T-80B (T-80BV) - 9651; T-80U - 9556; T-80UD - 9664
• Hull width, mm: T-80 - 3525; T-80B (T-80BV) - 3582; T-80U - 3603; T-80UD - 3755
• Height on the roof of the tower, mm: T-80 - 2300; T-80B (T-80BV) - 2219; T-80U, T-80UD - 2215
• Clearance, mm: T-80, T-80B (T-80BV), T-80U - 451; T-80UD - 529.

4.2 Booking

• Type of armor: anti-ballistic, cast and rolled combined and steel
• Dynamic protection: T-80U, T-80UD - Contact-5
• Active protection: T-80UD - "Shtora".

4.3 Armament

• Gun brand: T-80 - 2A46-1; T-80B (T-80BV) - 2A46-2 / 2A46M-1; T-80U - 2A46M-1 / 2A46M-4; T-80UD - 2A46M-1
• Gun type: smoothbore gun
• Gun caliber: 125 mm
• Barrel length, calibers: 48
• Gun ammunition: T-80 - 40; T-80B (T-80BV) - 38; T-80U, T-80UD - 45
• Angles HV, degrees: −5…+14°
• Firing range, km: ATGM: 5.0, BOPS: 3.7
• Sights: night periscope TPN-3-49, optical sight-rangefinder TPD-2-49
• Machine guns: 1 × 7.62 mm PKT, 1 × 12.7 mm NSVT
• Guided weapons: T-80B (T-80BV) - 9K112-1 "Cobra" / 9K119 "Reflex"; T-80U - 9K119 "Reflex" / 9K119M "Reflex-M"; T-80UD - 9K119 "Reflex".

4.4 Mobility

• Make and type of engine: T-80 - GTD-1000T (gas turbine); T-80B (T-80BV) - GTD-1000TF (gas turbine); T-80U - GTD-1000TF / GTD-1250 (gas turbine); T-80UD - 6TD (diesel)
• Engine power, l. s.: T-80, T-80UD: 1000; T-80B (T-80BV): 1100; T-80U - 1100/1250
• Highway speed, km/h: T-80, T-80B (T-80BV), T-80U - 70; T-80UD - 60
• Cross-country speed, km / h: T-80 - 50; T-80U - 60
• Power reserve on the highway, km: T-80, T-80B (T-80BV) - 500; T-80U - 450; T-80UD - 560
• Power reserve over rough terrain, km: 250
• Specific power, l. s./t: T-80 - 23.8; T-80B (T-80BV) - 25.8 (25.17); T-80U - 21.74 / 27.2; T-80UD - 21.7
• Suspension type: individual torsion bar
• Specific ground pressure, kg / cm²: T-80 - 0.83; T-80B (T-80BV) - 0.865; T-80U - 0.93; T-80UD - 0.924
• Climbability, degrees: 32°
• Overcoming wall, m: 1.0
• Crossable ditch, m: 2.85
• Crossable ford, m: 1.2 (1.8 with preliminary preparation; 5.0 with OPVT).

4.5 Other parameters

• Combat weight, t: T-80 - 42; T-80B (T-80BV) - 42.5 (43.7); T-80U, T-80UD - 46
• Layout scheme: classic
• Crew, people: 3.

5. Modifications

• 219 cn 1 - modification of the T-64A with the introduction of a gas turbine engine GTD-1000T
• 219 sp 2 - a pre-production sample with a new undercarriage
• 219 sp 2 - T-80 main battle tank.
• 219A - experimental main tank T-80A. The development was carried out simultaneously with the "Object 478". Subsequently, it was supplemented with hinged dynamic protection.
• 219AS - T-80U main battle tank. Equipped with a 2A46M-1 gun; smoke grenade launcher 902B "Cloud"; PPO 3ETs13 "Hoarfrost"; combined armor with dynamic built-in protection; weapon control system 1A45 "Irtysh" (electronic BV, PRN TPN-4S, laser rangefinder sight 1G46, combined night sight TPN-4 "Buran-PA", stabilizer 2E42) and KUV 9K119 "Reflex". Subsequently, engines KUV 9K119M "Invar" and GTD-1250 were used
• 630A - the main tank T-80UK. Commander's version of the T-80U. Equipped with Agava-2 thermal imager; R-163K and R-163U radio stations, Shtora-1 system, TNA-4 navigation system, advanced atmospheric parameter sensor, AB-1-P28 autonomous power plant, HE shell remote detonation system
• T-80UE - T-80UM variant, intended for Greece; equipped with advanced controls and hydrostatic transmission
• 219AM-1 - the main tank T-80UA. An improved version of the T-80U.
• 219AC-M - the main tank T-80UM. An improved version of the T-80U, equipped with: radar-absorbing coating, R-163-50U radio station, Agava-2 thermal imager
• 219AS-M1 - the main tank T-80UM1 "Bars". T-80UM variant equipped with GTD-1250G engine, 2A46M-4 gun, Arena-E active protection system, TVN-5, R-163UP, Shtora-1, R-163-50U, air conditioning system, " Velizh
• 640 - the main experimental battle tank T-80UM2
• 291 - equipped with an auxiliary power unit GTA-18, fire-fighting equipment PPO "INEY", a night vision device for a driver's mechanic TVN-5 "Mango", a thermal imaging sight "Agava-2", a 2A46M-4 gun of 125-mm caliber, KUO 1A45M (IUS 1V558 , STV-2E42M, PDPN-1G46M) and a new self-digging blade included in the protection scheme. The radio absorbing coating RPZ-86M was also used. First, the Progress-2 thermal imaging sight (T01-P05) was installed on the tank, and later the T01-K05 Buran-M. The loading mechanism was adapted to accommodate BPS projectiles 750 mm long
• 219R - T-80B main battle tank. Equipped with a 2A46-2 gun, a 902A Tucha smoke grenade launcher, a 9K112-1 Cobra KUV and a 1A33 SUO (it includes BV 1V517, a 2E26M stabilizer, a set of sensors, a 1G43 shot resolution unit, and a 1G42 laser rangefinder sight). Increased turret armor. Subsequently, it was equipped with a GTD-1000TF engine, a turret unified with the T-64B and a 2A46M-1 gun
• 219RV - T-80BV main battle tank. T-80B equipped with dynamic hinged protection "Contact"
• 219AS-1 - the main tank T-80UE-1. Improved T-80BV. Equipped with a modernized SLA 1A45-1 and a turret from decommissioned T-80UD. In addition, a few more updates have been installed.
• 219M - improved T-80BV
• 219RD - experimental modification of the T-80B, equipped with a diesel engine A-53-2 (2V-16-2)
• 219E - an experimental modification of the T-80B, equipped with a complex of electro-optical active protection against precision weapons"Curtain-1"
• 630 - the main tank T-80BK. Commander's version of the T-80B, equipped with an additional installation of radio and navigation equipment
• 644 - experimental modification of the T-80, equipped with a V-46-6 diesel engine
• 478 is an experienced main tank. T-80 chassis, Object 476 turret, 6TD diesel engine
• 478M - project of the main tank. Improved "Object 478". Equipped with a 12CHN diesel engine and the Shater active protection system
• 478B - the main tank T-80UD "Birch". Equipped with an anti-aircraft machine gun with remote control; diesel engine 6TD and mounted DZ. Then - the built-in remote sensing.
• 478BK - an experimental modification of the T-80UD, equipped with a welded turret.
• 478D - an experimental main tank based on the T-80UD, equipped with the Aynet missile control system
• 478DU - Ukrainian experimental main tank based on the 478D object with an improved chassis. Developed in Ukraine.
• 478DU1 - T-80UD variant for export. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU2 - the main tank T-84. Upgraded T-80UD, equipped with a new remote sensing system and the Shtora-1 system. Designed in Ukraine
• T-84-120 "Yatagan" - a variant of the T-84 for export to Turkey, equipped with a 6TD-2 engine, a 120 mm cannon, a built-in DZ "Knife" and a welded turret with an AZ in the aft niche. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU9 - the main tank T-84U. Upgraded T-84. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU10 - the main tank of the BM "Oplot". Upgraded T-84U. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU3 - modernized T-80UD. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU4 - modernized T-80UD, equipped with an improved gearbox Developed in Ukraine
• 478DU5 - modernized T-80UD, equipped with air conditioning. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU6 - modernized T-80UD. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU7 - modernized T-80UD. Designed in Ukraine
• 478DU8 - modernized T-80UD. Developed in Ukraine.

6. Vehicles based on a tank

• Ladoga - a vehicle with a high degree of protection
• BREM-80U - armored recovery vehicle
• Msta-S - self-propelled gun mount
• Pion - self-propelled gun mount
• S-300V - SAM
• SPM - fire truck
• PTS-4 - floating conveyor

7. In service

• USSR - entered service with the states formed after 1991
• Russia - The Russian Army, as of 2013, operates 4,000 T-80Us and T-80BVs. 3000 cars are in storage. It is planned to abandon the tanks by 2015
• Coastal troops of the Navy of the Russian Federation - as of 2013, 160 tanks T-72, T-55M and T-80
• Angola - an undetermined number of T-80s
• Belarus - 69 T-80B
• United Kingdom - a number of T-80U, acquired in an undiscovered way for strategic research
• Egypt - 20 T-80U and 14 T-80UK
• Yemen - 66 T-80
• Cyprus - 82 T-80U
• Republic of Korea - 80 T-80U
• Pakistan - 320 T-80UD
• USA - 4 T-80UD, 1 T-80U
• Uzbekistan - an indeterminate number of T-80BV
• Ukraine - 165 T-80s in storage.

8. Combat use

• October 4, 1993 six T-80UD tanks of the 12th Guards Tank Regiment of the 4th Guards Kantemirovskaya tank division shot down the White House
• Grozny was stormed during the first Chechen war. During the second Chechen war were not used
• In January 2015, T-80Bs were used in an armed conflict between government forces and Shiite rebels in Yemen.
• The OSCE mission in the same month found 10 T-80 tanks in eastern Ukraine, located in the territory controlled by the rebels.

Main battle tank (MBT) is a term given to a combat vehicle capable of combining high maneuverability, security, and firepower. An example of a Soviet MBT is the T-80 heavy tank, which has been in service for 42 years.

This is the first machine where the designers used a gas turbine plant as an engine, which was ahead of its time. According to the Western Military District, there are now about 4,000 pieces of equipment in the army of the Russian Federation. In total, more than 10,000 vehicles of various modifications were produced, including 6,000 T-80U tanks.

How the legendary car was created

In fact, the roots of the creation of the T-80 go back to the distant 1942-1948 of the last century. It was then that the designer Alexander Starosenko designed the first tank with a gas turbine engine instead of a standard diesel engine. Unfortunately, the project was not launched, but it was not forgotten either. Seven years later, in 1955, the designers Chistyakov and Ogloblin at the Leningrad plant named after Kirov designed and produced the "Object 278", with the GTD-1 engine.

Its power was one thousand horsepower. This car, which had a mass of 53.6 tons, developed a serious speed for its weight - as much as 57.3 km / h. But again, failure - the versions with a diesel engine of the "Object" released a little earlier were rejected by Khrushchev, and the tank again went into the shadows, this time for three years.

In 1963, together with the new medium tank T-64, its gas turbine version was designed under the code name T-64T.

The design continued to be modified until 1976. As a result, little was left of the "sixty-four". In addition to the engine, the undercarriage, the shape of the hull, even the turret were redone. The designers left only the gun, automatic loader and ammunition.

And in the summer of 1976, the USSR army received an order for a completely new main battle tank called the T-80. The technique turned out to be successful and suitable for deep modification, which continued until the end of the nineties. This is how the thorny and difficult path of our "eighties" began.

Design features and changes

Although the T-80 was, in fact, a converted "sixty-four", there are plenty of changes in its design, and it concerns not only the engine. The layout was left the same - classic, the crew consists of three people. But the driver got three viewing devices at once, although he previously had only one.

Unlike its predecessors, the designers added the possibility of heating its place warm air from the turbine compressor.

The body of the T-80 was still welded. It was also decided not to change the angle of inclination of its frontal part - it remained equal to 68 °. The protection of the crew is differentiated, the frontal parts of the hull of the equipment consist of multi-layer combined armor. Materials - steel together with ceramics. The rest of the armor is steel, with various angles of inclination and thickness. The sides are covered with special protective screens made of reinforced rubber, this solution has improved protection against cumulative projectiles.

Inside the equipment there is a polymer lining that performs several functions. When armor is pierced by kinetic shells, the lining reduces the spread of fragments inside the vehicle, thereby increasing the protection of the crew. The second function is to reduce the impact of gamma radiation. To prevent exposure to radioactive areas of the terrain, a special plate was installed under the driver's seat by the designers. The mass of the tank varies depending on the modifications - from 42 to 46 tons.

The T-80's turret was originally cast, with a thickness of 450 mm at its thickest point. In 1985, it was replaced with a more modern, welded one with fewer vulnerable zones. After modernization, there is the possibility of attaching dynamic protection "Contact-1/2" and "Cactus". The designers placed the tank's underwater driving equipment at the rear of the turret, thus covering the MTO compartment and providing it with additional protection.

Armament T-80

The tank has a 125 mm 2A46-1 smoothbore gun, later 2A46-2 / 2A46M-1, capable of firing Cobra, Invar, Reflex-M guided missiles. Direct fire range - 4000 meters, missiles fly up to 5000 meters. Ammunition contains sub-caliber, high-explosive fragmentation and of course HEAT rounds, with a separate case charge. The total number varies from tank modifications (38-45 charges).

The designers also transferred the loading mechanism from the T-64A.

The T-80 mechanized combat stowage carousel holds 28 rounds, the average rate of fire is 6-9 rounds. On serial samples, the gun received a thermal casing. The tank is equipped with a twin caliber 7.62 mm. On the turret of the commander there is an anti-aircraft 12.7 mm "Utes", a firing range of 1500 meters for air and 2000 meters for ground targets.

The table shows performance characteristics various tanks type T-80

Type	T-80	T-80B	T-80U	T-80UD
plant-designer	Kirov Heavy Tank Building Plant			Kharkov Heavy Tank Building Plant
The tank entered the troops	1976	1978	1986	1987
Mass of equipment	42	42,5	46	46
Main dimensions
Length, (mm)	6781	6983	7013	7021
Width, (mm)	3526	3583	3604	3756
Height, (mm)	2300	2220	2216	2216
Clearance, (mm)	450			527
The presence and type of dynamic protection of the machine
dynamic armor	Not	"Contact-1"	"Contact-5"	"Cactus"
Active protection	Not			"Curtain"
Armor	Cast, welded, combined
Armament T-80
main gun	2A46	2A46-2 2A46M-1	2A46M-1 2A46M-4	2A46-1
Firing range, m	0-4000
Tank ammunition	40	38	45	45
The crew of the T-80	3
Engine
Type	Gas turbine (GTE)			Diesel
Power, hp	1000	1110	1200	1000
Maximum speed on asphalt	70			60
Country road speed	40-50
Engine power	23,8	25,7	21,73	21,6
Fuel reserve, l	1845
Fuel consumption l/km	3,65
Suspension	Torsion

Engine and transmission

The main difference between the T-80 and its predecessors and contemporaries is a gas turbine engine. The designers had to increase the length of the hull due to its longitudinal arrangement. The mass of the engine is 1050 kilograms, and the maximum speed is about 26 thousand revolutions per minute. The engine compartment has four fuel tanks with a total capacity of 1140 liters. The main advantage of a gas turbine engine is its multi-fuel capability.

The engine successfully runs on a variety of aviation fuels (TC-1/2), as well as on diesel fuel and low-octane gasoline. Thanks to the turbine exhaust directed backwards, the noise visibility of the tank was noticeably reduced, which had a positive effect on the overall camouflage.

To facilitate the start of the gas turbine engine on the T-80, the designers installed an automatic engine control system (SAUR). This made it possible to increase its wear resistance by 10 times. The engine starts within -40° to +40° Celsius. Operational readiness 3 minutes, oil consumption at the engine is minimal.

The transmission was heavily redesigned compared to the T-64.

The increased weight and power forced the designers to replace the drive and guide wheels, support and road wheels. New tracks have got rubberized tracks. Some experts consider telescopic shock absorbers to be the scourge of the tank, but replacing them is not difficult even in the field. Thanks to these changes, the undercarriage of the T-80 is considered the best in its class.

Comparison with the MBT of a potential enemy

By right, the main competitor of the T-80 is the American main one. This is quite logical, because the machines entered service with their countries at about the same time. The American competitor is only 4 years younger than the domestic tank.

An interesting fact is that both cars are equipped with gas turbine engines. At the same time, the dimensions of the T-80 are smaller than those of the M1A1. This makes him less visible on the battlefield. Although, with the capabilities of modern high-precision weapons, this is a rather controversial advantage, for which the designers had to sacrifice the engine heat exchanger.

According to the declared data, the degree of air cleaning of the M1A1 engine is one hundred percent, while the T-80 has 1.5% less. But in the desert, Abrams is somehow more difficult to operate. The American engine stalls due to a clogged filter. Domestic analogue feels great in any weather and climatic conditions.

The mass of the M1A1 is 60 tons, the cruising range is 395-430 kilometers with a maximum speed of 70 km/h. Our T-80 boasts 46 tons of live weight and 355 kilometers of power reserve. This can be due to the lower fuel consumption of Abrams. It is corrected by installing additional tanks on the T-80 hull, unfortunately, this does not allow increasing the ceiling speed to 60 km / h.

The armament of the American is slightly different from the Soviet competitor.

M1A1 is equipped with a 120 mm smoothbore gun, with 40 rounds of ammunition (against our 45 for the T-80U). It is possible to fire sub-caliber and cumulative projectiles, guided missiles. The charge of the gun is carried out manually, so the number of tankers is four. A 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun is installed on the tower near Abrams, two more 7.62 mm are paired with the main gun.

Most main question- price. The cost of the M1A1 Abrams is approximately $6 million. T-80 costs the treasury about two million, which is cheaper.
You can argue whose main battle tank is better indefinitely. Everyone has pluses and minuses, the most important thing is that they meet only at tank competitions, checkered sheets and virtual space.

Oddly enough, the equipment created to protect the borders of the Soviet motherland did not take part in their defense. Not a single instance of the T-80 took part in the battles for the USSR. First combat use occurred on the territory of the Russian Federation in the autumn of 1993.

It was the "eighties" who fired on the building of the "White House" in Moscow.

And then there was Chechnya. From 1995 to 1996, T-80 tanks took part in the battles against the Republic of Ichkeria. I would like to note that the equipment was used inadequately, sometimes not for its intended purpose.

Poor crew training, lack of dynamic protection, the use of vehicles in urban and mountainous conditions led to losses. The command drew conclusions and the T-80 was no longer used in the second Chechen campaign.

It should be said that after the collapse of the USSR, most of the tanks remained on the territory of Ukraine, along with the Kharkov plant, where this equipment was produced.

Victories in the virtual space

The T-80 tank is associated among gamers with the confrontation between the USSR and the USA. In most games where these superpowers clash head-on, this machine is the main armored force of the country of the Soviets. New "Free to play" games such as "Armored Warfare" also promise this copy at the end of the upgrade branch Soviet technology. It is popular with developers of military strategies.

The T-80 was the final chord of the Soviet designers who worked on the creation of technology for 10 years.

In 2015, the government of the Russian Federation decided to replace this model of equipment with. The reason for the replacement is the futility of upgrading the tank.

Instead, the troops will also receive the latest Armata tanks. It cannot be said that this is the end of the T-80, because the replacement will take place gradually, and the equipment will serve its homeland for a long time. Especially in the cold regions of Russia, where the gas turbine engine is a good ace in the hole. Still, for a tank, 42 ​​years is the prime of life, and not a completion date life path.

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The T-80 tank is a prime example how heavily armored vehicles can hide serious flaws. At one time, the Russian military command considered the T-80 a high-class vehicle, but these tanks suffered heavy losses in battles with militants equipped with light weapons during the first Chechen war. After that, he never managed to restore his reputation.

That shouldn't have happened. The T-80 tank was the last main battle tank designed in the Soviet Union. It was the first Soviet tank equipped with a gas turbine engine, and as a result, he was able to move on the roads with a maximum speed of 70 kilometers per hour, and also had a large power density per unit weight, which was 25.8 horsepower per ton.

Thanks to this, the standard T-80B tank became one of the fastest and most maneuverable tanks produced in the 1980s.

The fighting prowess of the Chechen rebels and the failed Russian tactics are more responsible for the loss of T-80 tanks than their design. However, he had significant shortcomings. Ultimately, the T-80 was too expensive, and besides, it consumed too much fuel. After some time, the Russian military made a choice in favor of the more economical T-72 tank.

T-80 became further development its predecessor, the T-64 tank. As the most modern model of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the T-64 differed from the simpler vehicles favored by the Soviets, such as the T-54/55 and T-62.

Context

Russia adopts the T-90M tank

The National Interest 02/04/2018 The National Interest 11/24/2017

Which tank is better: Chinese "Type 99", M1 "Abrams" or T-90

The National Interest 01/25/2018 For example, the T-64 was the first Soviet tank to have an automatic loader instead of a loader, and as a result, the crew was reduced from four to three people. The second innovation of the T-64, which created a certain trend, was the use of composite armor, in which layers of ceramics and steel were used, and as a result, the protection of the tank was increased in comparison with the use of steel sheets alone.

In addition, the T-64 was equipped with light steel road wheels of small diameter, while the T-55 and T-62 used large rubber-coated rollers.

The first T-64A model launched into mass production was produced with a 125-mm 2A46 "Rapier" cannon, which became so popular that it began to be installed on all subsequent Russian tanks - up to the T-90. It is noteworthy that in the end the weight of the T-64A was only 37 tons, which is quite small for a tank of this size.

But as remarkable as these innovations were, it must be admitted that the T-64 had a capricious 5TDF engine and an unusual suspension, which often broke down. For this reason, the Soviet Army specifically sent such tanks to those units that were stationed near the Kharkov plant where they were manufactured.

But that's not all. There were rumors that the new automatic loading system would tear off the hands of gaping tankers who were located too close to it. This is quite likely, given the tiny interior of the T-64 tank.

Solving the problems of the T-64A, the Soviets began to think about creating a new tank with an engine equipped with a gas turbine. Gas turbine engines have a high throttle response and a good power/weight ratio. They are easy to get into cold weather without preheating, which is important in harsh Russian winters. And besides, they are lightweight.

On the downside, gas turbine engines consume a lot of fuel and are more susceptible to dirt and dust, which is the result of increased air intake compared to conventional diesel engines.

The original basic model of the T-80 tank was put into service only in 1976, much later than planned. The Soviet tank industry was busy fixing the shortcomings of the T-64 tanks, and preparing for the production of the T-72 because it was a cheaper fallback. At the same time, the Soviets were ramping up production of the T-55 and T-62 tanks for their Arab allies, who had lost hundreds of armored vehicles during the war. doomsday in 1973.

The first T-80 models also had their problems. In November 1975, Andrei Grechko, then Minister of Defense, banned the further production of these tanks due to too much fuel consumption and a slight increase in firepower compared to the T-64A. And only five months later, Grechko's successor Dmitry Ustinov allowed mass production of this new tank to begin.

The construction of the first T-80 model lasted only two years, since it was surpassed in its characteristics by the T-64B tank, which had new system fire control, which allowed firing from the main gun with 9M112 Cobra missiles. An even more important point was that the T-80 cost almost three and a half times more than the T-64A.

The base model was replaced in 1978 by the T-80B tank. It was considered the most modern and high-class tank in the East, and therefore most of the T-80B was sent to places of the highest risk - to the Group Soviet troops in Germany.

For its high speed, it was nicknamed the "Channel tank". In Soviet war games, it was assumed that the T-80B would be able to reach the coast Atlantic Ocean in five days, provided they don't run out of fuel.

The new Soviet tank borrowed a lot from the T-64. In addition to sub-caliber, cumulative and anti-personnel fragmentation shells its 125-mm 2A46M-1 smoothbore gun could launch the same 9K112 Cobra missiles.

Since anti-tank guided missiles were significantly more expensive than conventional tank rounds, this tank's ammunition load included only four missiles, but 38 rounds. Rockets were designed to shoot down attack helicopters and hit vehicles with ATGM systems installed on them outside the firing range of conventional T-80B tank shells.

A 7.62-mm PKT machine gun coaxial with a cannon and a 12.7-mm NSVT "Utes" machine gun on the commander's turret made up the anti-personnel armament of this tank.

The T-80 could already boast of modern composite armor, but even more armor protection was provided by the dynamic protection complex (KDZ) "Kontakt-1". Equipped with horizontal layers of such armor, the T-80 tanks (a similar KDZ configuration was in latest models T-72A) were named T-80BV.

In 1987, instead of the T-80B, the T-80U began to be produced, although according to total they have not surpassed their predecessors.

The T-80U tank was equipped with the Kontakt-5 dynamic protection system. It was an improved version of the Kontakt-1 KDZ, which consisted of hinged containers with explosives, while the Kontakt-5 system had a set of factory-made outward-facing plates to deflect the attacking ammunition. The "Kontakt-1" system is only effective against HEAT projectiles, while the "Kontakt-5" system also protects against kinetic armor-piercing shells with a detachable pallet.

Inside the T-80U, instead of the 1A33 fire control system, which was equipped with the T-80B models, a more modern 1A45 system was installed. Engineers replaced the Cobra missiles with laser-guided 9K119 Reflex missiles. This is a more reliable weapon, with a longer range and greater power of destruction. In the T-80 tank, seven 125-mm shells were placed more than in the T-80B.

However, the T-80U tank was not produced for long. His new GTD-1250 power plant still consumed too much fuel and was difficult to maintain. Instead, they began to produce the diesel model T-80UD. It was the last version of the Soviet-made T-80 tank. It was also the first model to be seen in action outside the range...if by "action" we mean the shelling of the Russian parliament from a tank gun in October 1993 during the constitutional crisis.

In December 1994, the war against the separatists began in Chechnya, where the T-80 was used for the first time ... and it became a disaster of epic proportions for him.

When the rebels in Chechnya declared independence, Russian President Boris Yeltsin ordered the troops to return this former Soviet republic into Russia by force. The created group included T-80B and T-80 BV. The crews were not prepared to fight on T-80 tanks. They did not know about his gluttony and sometimes completely burned the fuel supply at idle.

The offensive of the Russian armed forces on the Chechen capital city of Grozny was more like carnage for the upcoming ones. Between December 31, 1994 and the evening of the next day, about a thousand soldiers died and 200 pieces of equipment were destroyed. The most modern Russian tanks T-80B and T-80BV as part of the Russian advancing group suffered terrible losses.

Although T-80s are well protected from direct frontal hits, many tanks were destroyed in catastrophic explosions and their turrets flew off after numerous shots. Chechen fighters from RPG-7V and RPG-18 grenade launchers.

It turned out that the automatic loader T-80 "Basket" had a fatal flaw in the design. In the automatic loading system, the finished projectiles were stored upright and were only partially protected by road wheels. A shot from an RPG directed above the road wheels into the side of the tank often caused detonation of the ammunition load and led to the collapse of the turret.

In this regard, the T-72A and T-72B were similarly punished, however, they had a slightly higher chance of surviving a side hit because their automatic loading system used a horizontal arrangement of ammunition that was below the rims of the road wheels.

The second significant drawback of the T-80, like that of previous Russian tanks, was associated with the minimum vertical elevation and depression angles of the gun. It was impossible to shoot from the tank at the rebels, who fired from the upper floors of buildings or from basements.

In fairness, it must be said that the cause of large losses was the poor training of the crews, lack of training and disastrous tactics. Russia was in such a hurry to start fighting that the T-80BV tanks entered Grozny without filling the containers of dynamic protection with explosives, which made this protection useless. It was even said that some soldiers sold explosives in order to earn extra money on top of their meager pay.

By that time, the Russian army had completely forgotten the hard lessons of fighting in urban conditions during the Second World War. During cold war only special forces units and the Berlin garrison were trained to conduct such battles. Without expecting significant resistance, Russian troops entered Grozny, while the soldiers were in infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers. Their commanders got lost on the streets because they didn't have the right cards.

Since the Russian troops were reluctant to get out of their vehicles and clear buildings room by room, their Chechen opponents, who knew the shortcomings Russian armored vehicles in the service in the Soviet Army, they got the opportunity to turn tanks and armored vehicles into crematoria.

It is easy for the Russian command to shift the blame for the Chechen catastrophe on flaws in the design of the T-80, hiding miscalculations in operational planning and shortcomings in tactics. But in the end, it was the lack of money that caused the cheaper T-72 to replace the T-80, becoming the main vehicle for Russian exports and for military operations after the Chechen war.

When the Soviet Union collapsed, Russia lost the T-80UD factory in Kharkov, which became the property of Ukraine. The plant in Omsk, where the T-80U was made, turned out to be bankrupt, while the Leningrad LKZ no longer produced more early model T-80BV.

It no longer made sense for Russia to keep three types of tanks in service: T-72 (A and B), T-80 (BV, U and UD) and T-90 (modernized version of T-72BU). The financial costs and the problems of supplying spare parts were too great. All these models had one 125-millimeter 2A46M gun and missiles of the same characteristics, launched through the gun barrel. But they all had different engines, fire control systems and chassis.

To put it simply, these tanks had the same capabilities but very different parts instead of having the same parts and different capabilities. Since the T-80U was much more expensive than the T-72B, it was only logical that financially troubled Russia chose the T-72.

However, Moscow continued to experiment with the T-80. Specialists installed an active defense system on it, which used a millimeter-wave radar to track incoming missiles and apply countermeasures. As a result, in 1997, the T-80UM-1 "Bars" appeared. However, it was not put into production, probably due to budgetary constraints.

Russia did not use T-80s in the second Chechen war in 1999-2000, and did not use them in the brief conflict with Georgia in 2008 (as far as we know). So far, T-80 tanks have not participated in the war in Ukraine.

InoSMI materials contain estimates exclusively foreign media and do not reflect the position of the editors of InoSMI.

April 19, 1968 by a joint resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the creation of gas turbine power plants for objects armored vehicles» SKB-2 at the Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ) was instructed to create on the basis of the T-64 tank new car with gas turbine power plant. The development of the engine was entrusted to the Leningrad NPO. Klimov. A gas turbine engine (GTE) with the same volume as a diesel engine developed much more power. This would allow the tank to achieve higher speeds, significantly increase maneuverability on the battlefield, and improve the control of the vehicle itself. Soviet tank builders already had experience in using gas turbine engines, especially at the Kirov plant. In 1948, here at the Special Design Bureau for Turbine Production, under the leadership of A. Starostenko, a project was completed for a heavy tank with such an engine, but it remained a project. When in 1955 LKZ was commissioned to create a new heavy tank with a 1000 hp engine. - weighing up to 55 tons, with a 130-mm gun, work began to be carried out in two directions: options were developed with a diesel engine ("object 277"), and with a gas turbine engine ("object 278"). Two prototype GTE designed under the leadership of G. Ogloblin.

In 1957, LKZ manufactured two experimental gas turbine units GTD-1 for the “object 278”, which was created on the basis of the IS-7 and T-10 tanks. They were supposed to provide a sample weighing 53.5 tons with a speed of over 57 km / h. But soon all the works concerning heavy tanks, in our country, by order of the government, they stopped. "Object 278" could not be completed. True, the search in this direction at the plant continued. In the 1960s, for example, the "object 288" was tested on the basis of the T-64 tank with two GTD-350 helicopter gas turbine engines with a capacity of 350 hp each.

In 1963, in the Kharkov design bureau No. 60 A. Morozov developed an experimental version of the T-64T tank with a helicopter GTD-ZTL with a power of 700 hp. In 1964, at Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil, under the leadership of L. Kartsev, an “object 167T” was also created on the basis of the T-62 with a GTD-ZT turbine with a capacity of 800 hp.

In 1969 the first tank of the Leningrad Kirov plant with a gas turbine engine, in accordance with the requirements of a government decree of April 19, 1968, was manufactured. This sample is known as the “object 219” based on the T-64 with a GTD-1000 with a power of 1000 hp, developed at the NPO. Klimov. However, the installation of a powerful engine, the increased weight of the machine and the requirements for dynamic characteristics made it necessary to make significant changes to its design, especially to the chassis. I had to develop new shock absorbers and torsion bars, guide and drive wheels, rollers, even tracks with rubber tracks, optimized the shape of the tower. But they retained weapons, automatic loaders, ammunition, guidance and observation devices, etc. In a word, the machine, "keeping the basic design and layout features of its predecessors, could be fully considered new", although they tried to largely unify it with the T-64 and T-72 tanks.

In 1976, the tank was adopted by the armored units of the Soviet Army under the symbol T-80 (the name "Thunderstorm"). Serial production was, of course, at the LKZ, and then at the Omsk Transport Engineering Plant.

Throughout the entire period of its long history, the T-80 tank has undergone modernization, sometimes insignificant, and even very serious. So, in the same 1976, the production of an improved T-80B model equipped with the 9K112 Cobra ATGM complex began. Since 1984, the T-80BV tank with dynamic protection began to enter the troops.

The first T-80s were supplied to the guards units located in the European part of the Union. In 1984, units of the 1st, 2nd and 8th Guards Tank Armies located in the GDR began to arm them.

For the first time, T-80s participated in the May Day parade in Moscow in 1989. In 1993, these vehicles were demonstrated at the international military exhibition IDEX in Abu Dhabi.

It is believed that the T-80 and T-80B tanks produced only 266 units.

IN " technical description and operating instructions for the T-80B tank" states: "Thanks to powerful weapons and sophisticated surveillance devices, the tank is capable of hitting tanks and other armored vehicles, anti-tank weapons, artillery, as well as manpower and other targets. Powerful armor protection allows the tank to perform combat missions in case of strong enemy fire and in combination with the collective defense system, it ensures the effective use of the tank in the conditions of the use of nuclear weapons and other means of mass destruction. The tank's high mobility ensures good maneuverability in combat."

DESIGN OF THE T-80B TANK

The tank inherited the layout of its well-known predecessors, including the T-64, with a control compartment in the front of the hull. The driver's seat is located here, in front of which on the bottom there are steering control levers, fuel supply and nozzle control pedals, and a control instrument panel is located on the front sheet. To the left and right of the seat are fuel tanks and a tank rack, behind is a conveyor for the gun loading mechanism. Above the shield are three TNPO-160 prism observation devices; the central device for driving at night was replaced by a night viewing device TVNE-4B.

Devices of the system of protection against weapons of mass destruction (WMD) with a sensor, a measuring console, a power supply unit are installed in a niche of the right tank. The bilge pump is located under the control board. Four rechargeable batteries- in the rack behind the left tank.

An exit hatch is located above the driver's seat in the turret sheet. To the right of it are the air intake device of the radiation and chemical reconnaissance device (PRKhR) and the A-3 TPU apparatus. In addition, there is an escape hatch in the bottom behind the seat.

Suspension torsion bars run along the bottom of the hull, and control drive rods run along the sides.

In the middle part of the tank there is a fighting compartment, in the turret of which a gun with a loading mechanism (M3) is installed. M3 provides for the supply and sending of shots, catches and places the extracted cartridge cases.

To the right of the gun is the commander's seat, to the left is the gunner's. In front of the commander’s seat there is an A-1 TPU apparatus, a radio station, an M3 control panel, a hydrodynamic gun stopper, a weapon stabilizer linear acceleration sensor, a control panel with toggle switches for the engine stop mechanism (MOD), fire equipment (PPO), etc. The commander’s turret is equipped with prismatic viewing devices - two TNPO-160 and two TNPA-65, commander's observation device TKN-3, switches for the infrared searchlight of the OS, tower lights and dimensions.

Two medium fuel tanks are placed near the rear wall of the compartment.

The gunner has a sight-range-number, a night sight, an azimuth indicator, a gunner's console, mechanical descent and cocking handles for the gun, a turret stopper, a control panel for the smoke grenade launch system, and an A-2 TPU apparatus. Under its seat is a stabilizer control unit, on the bottom - a rotating contact device of the tower. There is another TNPA-65 device in the gunner's hatch.

On the tanks of the initial series, sights and instruments were similar to the T-64A.

The walls of the control and combat compartments are covered from the inside with a lining - a layer of polymer materials. This protects the crew from being hit by fragments in case of penetration into the shells, most importantly, it weakens the effect of gamma radiation, thanks to a certain chemical composition of the coating.

The power compartment is in the stern of the tank. A monoblock is located here: an engine with service systems and units; there are engine and transmission control drives, sensors and sprayers of the PPO system, instrumentation, and a pump unit for thermal smoke equipment (TDA).

Monoblock significantly reduces the time of installation of the power unit in the tank or its dismantling.

A three-shaft gas turbine engine GTD-1000T with a power of 1000 hp was installed on the tank. Since 1981, the T-80B began to use boosted up to 1100 hp. GTD-1000TF. This multi-fuel engine runs on diesel fuel, gasoline A-72 and A-76, fuel TC-1 and TC-2. The volume of fuel tanks: internal - 1100 l, external - 700 l, two additional barrels - 400 l.

The power to the shafts of the onboard gearboxes (BKP) is transmitted from both ends of the output gearbox of the engine. Each of them is mounted in a block with a coaxial planetary final drive involved in its drive wheel.

An important difference in engine control is the presence of an adjustable nozzle apparatus (RSA), which, in fact, replaces the clutch mechanism in a conventional engine.

The air cleaning system is also essential. big expense air - up to 4 kg / s - and high speed flow. GTE is very sensitive to the presence of dust in the incoming air. The engine has an air cleaner unit, two dust extraction fans, air filters for the turbine nozzle apparatus, two air ducts for ejection of cooling air and dust, and, in addition, a system for blowing dust from the interblade channels of compressor impellers when operating in clogged and dusty conditions (deserts, sandstorms, sumum, etc.). The air cleaning system operates in two modes: when driving on land and with OPVT under water.

A gas turbine engine with the same occupied volume as a diesel engine has a significantly greater power, is easier to maintain, and is less noisy. In addition, it has a smaller unmasking effect in the IR range, since the heat transfer of a diesel engine is several times higher. This, along with thermal insulation of the roof and exhaust louvers, ventilation of the power compartment, the use of side screens, the absence of large heated surfaces of the radiators of the cooling system, provides low level thermal radiation of the tank. The engine starts at low temperatures without additional heating.

However, since the gas turbine engine has a 1.5 - 2 times higher fuel consumption, the tanks occupied a larger volume of the engine-transmission compartment (MTO) than, say, on the T-64, so the car body was somewhat lengthened.

To the left of the monoblock in the MTO, a consumable fuel tank is installed, to the right - the rear fuel tank and next to the transmission oil tank, behind - the stern

In front of the roof of the compartment there are entrance blinds covered with metal nets on top. The rear part can be opened and even removed during routine maintenance or engine repair.

The hull of the tank is welded, made of armor plates. Its bow is formed by inclined top and bottom sheets, welded not only to each other, but also to the front roof sheet, sides and bottom. Frontal parts - composite armor plates, made up of rolled steel of medium hardness, high hardness steel and fiberglass. In the "steel" equivalent (in terms of the thickness of the armor plates), their thickness is 400 mm. The armor of the hull is differentiated in accordance with the probabilistic laws of shelling and destruction.

1-barrel 125-mm gun D-81; 2 anti-aircraft 12.7 mm NSVT machine gun; 3-outer aft fuel tank; 4-wheel drive; 5-wheel roller; 6-side protective screen; 7-guide wheel; 8 elements of the KDZ case; nine - commander's cupola; 10-pipe OPVT; 11-roof MTO; 12-grid of the exhaust device of the gas turbine engine; 13 - antenna; 14-wind sensor; 15-box of clothing items; 16 - smoke grenades; 17 gunner's hatch; 18 - KDZ elements on the tower; 19-driver's hatch; 20 - gun ejector; 21-commander's observation device; 22 - IR illuminator; 23-sight-rangefinder gunner; 24 night sight; 25-viewing device of the driver; 26-bottom sheet of the bottom; 27 track; 28-front mudguard; 29-paired 7.62 mm PKT machine gun

1 - shot resolution block; 2- sight-rangefinder; 3 - linear acceleration sensor; 4-tank ballistic computer; 5-cosine potentiometer; 6-wind sensor; 7-roll sensor; 8-electric block of the sight-rangefinder; 9-control unit; 10-feeding plant; 11-block of hydrotachometers; 12-angle limiter; 13 - reduction device; 14-speed sensor

Mine trawl attachment strips and brackets for mounting equipment for self-digging are welded to the bow sheets of the hull. On the top sheet there are towing hooks with latches, headlight brackets with their guards, brackets for fastening and laying the tow cable, protective shields for the driver's viewing devices. Guide wheel brackets are welded at the junction of the front and side sheets.

Side sheets of the hull - vertical rolled 80 mm thick. Brackets and stops of balancers, supporting rollers, pins of hydraulic shock absorbers are welded to them from the outside. Protective shelves with external fuel tanks, boxes for spare parts, as well as vertical side shields are stretched along the sides.

The stern consists of upper and lower stern sheets welded together; their thickness is 80 mm. They have towing hooks, brackets for rear position lights and additional barrels of fuel, spare track mounts; a box of exhaust shutters with locks and a stopper is installed.

The roof of the hull is also made of welded armor plates, partly - above the power compartment - is removable.

The bottom of the tank is made up of three sheets, it is trough-shaped with longitudinal and transverse stampings to ensure rigidity and placement of torsion bars. It has maintenance hatches.

The thickness of the roof and bottom sheets is 30 mm or less.

Tower - shaped armor casting; a roof with a protective head of the rangefinder sight is welded to its upper part. In front of the turret there is a cannon embrasure, which is a complex labyrinth of two pairs of protective cheeks and grooves that protects the crew from penetration into the fragments, as well as from the effects of a blast wave. The coaxial machine gun embrasure is to the right of the gun. A night sight illuminator bracket is also welded on here.

To the left and right of the gun there are bolts for mounting the smoke grenade launcher system.

The commander's cupola with a hatch is in the right half of the roof, the gunner's hatch is in the left. Near it is a flange for installing a night sight, a shaft for an observation device.

At the rear of the turret there are mounts for the taillight and side light, an antenna mount flange, brackets for the removable OPVT equipment and its reset levers, and a wind sensor mount.

A bottom sheet with holes for fastening bolts to the upper turret shoulder strap is welded to the bottom of the turret. Tower support - ball.

In the initial series, the T-80 turret was unified with the T-64A tank; on the T-80B tank - from the T64B.

In the chassis of the T-80B - six dual road wheels on board, five rubber-coated support rollers. Idler wheel with tension mechanism - front, composed of two welded cast discs.

The drive wheel has removable gear rims. Track rollers - lightweight aluminum alloy, dual-slope, with removable discs.

In the caterpillar of the tank - 80 tracks with rubber-metal hinges, each of two stamped links. The tracks are connected with the help of ridges and bolted shoes. The track tread has rubber pads to reduce stress on the undercarriage. If necessary - for driving on the highway in order to avoid its destruction - it is possible to put on rubber asphalt "shoes" on its outer surface.

Tank suspension - individual. Torsion bars, commensurate in length and width of the hull, provide increased dynamic travel of the road wheels. Hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers are installed on the 1st, 2nd and 6th nodes.

The chassis of the T-80 provides a smooth ride, low noise level and at the same time high dynamic performance. Experts consider it the best of all available on our tanks.

In the transmission with a hydraulic servo control system, as on the T-64, there are two final drives complete with final drives, three planetary gear sets and five clutches per side.

The high speed characteristics of the tank, combined with ease of control, low shock vibration overloads and improved crew habitation conditions, make it possible to make long marches.

Armament of the T-80B tank: 125 mm 2A46M-1 (D-81 TM) smoothbore gun, 7.62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun, 12.7 mm NSVT Utyos machine gun, 9K112 ATGM system. The tank is equipped with a fire control system (FCS) 1AZZ. With its help, it is possible to fire at tanks and armored targets moving at speeds up to 75 km / h, at small targets and manpower when firing from a place and on the move at speeds up to 30 km / h, both in line of sight and from closed positions. It includes a 1G42 rangefinder sight, a 2E26M armament stabilizer, a set of input sensors for wind, roll, tank speed, heading angle, a 1G43 shot resolution unit, and a 1V517 tank ballistic computer (TBV).

It is the TBV that generates data on the aiming and angular lead angles of the gun from the automatically entered information from the sensors and the rangefinder. Armament stabilizer - two-plane gyroscopic with electro-hydraulic drives.

When the tank moves on the battlefield, the stabilizer gyroscope retains its position in space unchanged, thereby ensuring the immobility of the field of view of the sight. However, the gun itself dynamic reasons(friction in the pins, hydraulic resistance in the slave cylinder) lags behind the required stabilized position. The shot permission block issues a command to fire only when the specified minimum angle of mismatch between the stabilized aiming line and the actual position of the gun is provided.

The gun is loaded automatically by the loading mechanism (M3). After each shot fired, a pallet is ejected from the bore, which fits into the M3 catching mechanism. When you press the button for selecting the type of projectile on the control panel, firstly, the stabilizer automatically brings the gun to a certain loading angle, and secondly, the conveyor is set in motion, bringing the selected shot to the breech. The feed mechanism moves the tray with the shot to the chambering mechanism, which “charges” the gun - after which its shutter closes. At the same time, the previous tray from the catcher is transferred to the newly freed tray. The loaded gun is removed from the stopper and the stabilizer is displayed on the aiming line. After the opening of fire, the cycle repeats.

The minimum duration of loading one shot - when the conveyor is rotated one step - 7.1 s. Conveyor capacity 28 shots. The time of its full loading by the crew is only 13 - 15 minutes.

The ammunition load of the T-80B tank includes 38 shots; 28 of them - armor-piercing sub-caliber, high-explosive fragmentation, cumulative, as well as guided ones are placed in the conveyor of the loading mechanism. The other five shells and seven charges are in the control compartment in the tank rack; two more shells and two charges at the bulkhead of the power compartment between the middle fuel tanks, finally, one projectile is placed vertically in fighting compartment behind the back of the commander's seat, and the charge is laid on the floor.

For a machine gun of 7.62 mm caliber, the ammunition supply is 1250 pieces and is located in stores in the fighting compartment, as well as one store on the machine gun mount itself. For the 12.7 mm machine gun - 500 rounds - in magazines on the right side of the turret and one - also on the machine gun mount.

Fire from the D-81 cannon can be fired with high-explosive fragmentation projectiles ZOF19 of the ZVOF22 shot and ZOF26 of the ZVOFZ6 shot, designed to destroy manpower, various military equipment and field-type shelters. They are equipped with a B-429E fuse, which provides three functions: high-explosive, fragmentation and delayed action of the projectile. The maximum firing range is 14,000 m at a gun elevation angle of 140.

For direct fire on tanks, self-propelled artillery mounts, other armored vehicles in the ammunition load have ZBK12M HEAT rounds of ZVKB7 rounds and ZBK14M rounds of ZVBK10 rounds; they are effective at ranges up to 1500 m. shaped charge located in their very building.

In addition to tanks and armored vehicles, firing is also carried out at the embrasures of long-term defensive structures and armor-piercing armored caps sub-caliber shells ZBM9, ZBM12, ZBM15, ZBM17 shots ZVBMZ, ZVBM6, ZVBM7, ZVBM8 respectively. The projectile has a ballistic tip and a tracer with a burning time of 2 - 3 s in the rear.

When firing all types of tank shells, a single 4Zh40 charge is used, consisting of a partially burning cartridge case and the combat powder charge itself with means of ignition, flame extinguishing and other elements placed in the cartridge case. When fired, the part of the cartridge case pressed into the pan burns out, the metal pan itself is thrown out of the gun chamber onto the catcher of the loading mechanism.

All T-80 ammunition is unified with T-64 and T-72.

The SLA of the tank allows you to conduct effective firing from a cannon also guided missiles 9M112M of the 9K112 "Cobra" complex at a distance of up to 4000 m against armored targets, subject to line of sight. It is also possible to fire at helicopters at the same distance if their speed is not more than 300 km / h and the height is up to 500 m. The projectile is controlled in flight by a gunner via a radio link, constantly keeping the aiming mark on the target.

The installation of smoke screens is provided by thermal smoke equipment (TDA). The smoke generating substance is the engine fuel.

The tank is equipped with a semi-automatic system for the collective protection of the crew and internal equipment from the effects of a shock wave, radioactive and toxic substances, with a radiation and chemical reconnaissance device, a filter-ventilation unit, an engine stop mechanism, closing seals.

Due to the rational distribution of thickness armored corps and towers, the use of lining and over-battle - anti-cumulative shields made of reinforced rubber with armor plates installed along the entire board - a "high multiplicity of attenuation of penetrating radiation during nuclear explosions and when conducting combat operations on terrain contaminated with radioactive substances" is achieved.

There is also fire equipment - an automatic system of three-time action PPO. It consists of 15 thermal sensors scattered throughout the tank body, three cylinders of fire-extinguishing liquid with freon 114B2.

Tank communication facilities are unified with all types of tanks and other combat vehicles. The R-123M transceiver station (operating frequency range 20 - 51.5 MHz) allows you to maintain communication with the same type of stations in medium-rough terrain at a distance of at least 20 km even when moving at a speed of 40 km / h.

The T-80 tank is equipped with OPVT equipment to overcome water barriers up to 5 m deep along the bottom. To install it, mounting covers, an air supply pipe through which air is sucked into the engine air cleaner, and a gas exhaust pipe are placed on the intake louvres.

To open trenches and shelters, the tank can be equipped with bulldozer equipment, which is mounted on the lower frontal hull plate. In addition, it is possible to install an anti-mine trawl for making passages in minefields.

MAIN DATA OF THE T-80B TANK

Combat weight, kg………………..………….42 500

Crew, people……………………..………………….3

Specific power, hp/t………………..25.8

Overall dimensions, mm:

length with cannon forward…..…………….9651

body length………………..…………….6982

width………………………….…………….3384

height on the roof of the tower……………….2219

track width……………………………….2800

clearance………………………….………………451

Armor protection……………..protivosnaryadnaya

Armament:…………………smoothbore

D 25 mm gun 2A46M-1

coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun

anti-aircraft 12.7-mm machine gun NSVT "Cliff"

7.62 mm AKMS assault rifle

F-1 grenades

Ammunition…………38 shots to the gun

cartridges for PKT……………..…………….1250

kNSVT………………………….………………300

to AKMS…………………………………………300

pomegranate…………………………….………………..10

Engine:………………………..GTD-YUOOTF

1100 hp

Movement speed, km/h:

along the highway………………………..60-65

on a dirt road……….………..40-45

Maximum speed, km/h……………..70

Fuel reserve, l………………..…………….2200

Overcome obstacles, m:

wall height………………..………………….1

ditch width…………………….……………..2.85

fording depth…………..1.2 (5-s OPVT)

maximum angles, hail, rise…..32

roll……………………………..………………..30

IN idea:

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