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Coniferous and deciduous trees. Is larch a deciduous or coniferous tree? Features and distribution of the plant Coniferous and deciduous

As you know, every de-re-va has its own distinctive signs. One of these signs is leaves. Sheet- this is one of the main organs of the race, performing the function of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of de-re-views are very different in shape and size.

Birch has small, carved leaves.

The leaves of the linden tree are shaped like gray ones.

The oak leaves spread out in the upper part of the leaf.

Maple has a wide-shaped leaf with pointed ends.

The rowan has a complex leaf, with up to 15 small leaves on the central stem.

The kash-ta-na has a complex leaf. Slightly pointed leaves are united on the top of the base.

Birch, rya-bi-na, oak, maple, linden - these are leaf-veined trees. They have their own distinctive signs.

1) Are there leaves?

2) The autumn color of the leaves is mine.

3) All leafy trees shed their leaves. This phenomenon is called-for-it.

Large number of de-re-viewsthey create a leaf-veined forest.

Let's get to know each other with some leaf-vein trees.

The forest is considered the most powerful tree oak. Our ancestors considered the oak to be a sacred tree. The length of the oak tree is about 50 meters, and its lifespan is 500 years. But there are also more than a thousand years. They ripen on the oak trees in autumn zhe-lu-di.

These are nourishing and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to cuddle with the same thing, and hides it in the hollow as a reserve. The forest bird jay also loves tasty fruits. Wild boars are also rushing after the fish, because they need to accumulate fat to survive the winter.

Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on an oak tree meant a harsh winter. You need to sow wheat when the dull leaves open up. And oak is also considered a symbol of power and strength. Doo-bo-you-mi-ven-ka-mi na-citizen-da-the most brave in-and-new.

In the people they say about cowardly people: “Trembles like a wasp leaf.” In fact, the axis of the leaf trembles from the slightest breeze of the wind. This is connected with the construction . The aspen tree is very thin and long, even in a windless year, the leaves of the aspen rustle quietly. In the spring, before the leaves appear on the aspen, seedlings appear. In the na-ro-de they say: “Po-le-tel fluff from the aspen, go into the forest for under-ax-no-vi-kom.”

Sub-axis-no-vic

These are mushrooms that like to grow under wasps. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn color of the axis of the new leaves.

What the hell is this crap about?

Takes my color

Bees have the most delicious honey.

And everyone offends me,

Remove the thin skin.

This Linden. The fragrant, aromatic linden flowers attract bees. And it’s not for nothing that bees produce honey, it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to the linden tree for a bast. This is the inner part of the cortex. They took off their thin hair from the tree and wove bast shoes. Dre-ve-si-na linden trees are very soft and white. Furniture, cookware and musical instruments are made from it.

The second group of de-re-vieves is conifers.

Needles are the kind of leaves. Coniferous trees include spruce, cedar pine, fir, leaf-vein-tsa. A forest made up of coniferous trees is called coniferous. Unlike leaf-veined trees, coniferous trees do not shed their needles in the fall, which is why they are called differently -nie - ever-green.

Spruce is an ever-green coniferous tree. The crown of the tree descends to the very ground, which is why it is dark and damp in the spruce forests. Spruce forests are called el-ni-ka-mi. The roots of the spruce grew close to the surface of the earth. That's why, from the strong wind, the spruce trees fall down, forming impenetrable thickets and booms. This is what a spruce branch with cones looks like. The cones are long.

Spruce is a very interesting and healthy tree. Her tree-ve-si-na goes to the use of musical instruments and boo-ma-gi. Coniferous trees have special substances, they fill the air with a pleasant aroma and cleanse they eat it. How much ra-do-sti does the green-kra-sa-vi-tsa come into the house under New Year!

Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the de-re-va is located at the very top of the hush-ki, that’s why it’s light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest. The pine tree has powerful roots, which is why it is not afraid of strong winds. Pine can also grow on rocks and ravines. This is what a pine branch with a cone looks like.

Pine has longer needles than spruce. There are two needles on the branch together. The cones are short, round in shape.

Among the coniferous trees there are trees with unusual properties - these are larch. Like spruce and pine, the leaf-vein-tsa has needles, in the autumn the leaf-vein-tsa is yellow and sheds its needles, like leaves, this is what they call her leaf-ven-ni-tsa. In the spring, young needles again appear from the buds.

If there are both coniferous and leafy trees in the forest, such a forest is called mixed.

Trees are the lungs of our plane. Absorbing harmful substances, you are de-la-eating air, acidity. The leaves hold back the fumes and soot. Trees need to be protected.

The next lesson will look at the topic “Autumn in the life of plants.” During the lesson, we will learn about the most important seasonal ones that happen practically to all races -te-ni-i-mi. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then we will clarify the role of autumn in the life of plants.

SOURCES

http://interneturok.ru/ru/school/okruj-mir/1-klass/zhivaya-priroda/listvennye-i-hvoynye-derevya?seconds=0

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In the pre-New Year bustle, people storm the Christmas tree markets. Of course, what is a holiday without the traditional “fluffy beauty”? The smell of pine needles brings peace, comfort, and a festive mood to the house. But most of us don’t even suspect that one of the most popular New Year’s trees is not spruce, as is commonly believed, but its close relative, fir. Outwardly, these conifers are very similar, but upon closer examination you can see a number of differences.

Description of spruce and fir

Spruce – evergreen tree, belonging to the pine family, average height is 20-40 meters. Spruce has a pyramidal shape, a straight trunk, and gray-brown bark. It is a “long-liver” and can reach an age of 500 years.

Fir also refers to the genus evergreens, height about 40-60 meters. The symmetrical pyramidal shape of the fir makes it valuable as an ornamental plant. It lives quite a long time; fir is known to reach 1300 years. Firs do not have resin ducts, which makes these trees unlike other conifers.

Spreading

Spruce mainly grows in the Northern Hemisphere. And if in the taiga it forms full-fledged spruce forests, then closer to the central part of Europe it becomes part of mixed forests. Many spruce species are named after the area where they grow, for example, Serbian spruce, oriental spruce.

Due to the fact that fir is quite capricious and requires certain growing conditions, for example, high air humidity and certain soil, it is found less often in our forests than spruce. In addition, fir trees grow extremely slowly until they are 10 years old, but then their growth accelerates. This tree is common in the south of Primorsky Krai, north-east China, northern USA and Korea.

Needles and cones

Spruce needles are arranged spirally around the branch, the length can reach 2.5 centimeters, the needles have a tetrahedral shape.

Thuja tree

If you clear a branch of needles, you can see the tuberous surface of the shoot. Adherents of the “live” Christmas tree on new year holidays They know very well how prickly the needles of the Christmas tree are. Spruce cones grow at the ends of branches and are ovoid in shape.

Fir needles are long, up to 4.5 cm, flat, dark green with two white stripes, narrowed at the base. Its main property, which distinguishes it from other conifers, is softness and lack of causticity. The cones of fir trees are also quite remarkable: they grow at the very top of the tree and are directed not downwards, but upwards.

Use of wood

Durable spruce wood ranks second in use after pine. It is used in building houses, making furniture and even musical instruments, for example, violins. Thanks to white color wood, spruce is an indispensable raw material for the pulp and paper industry. In addition, spruce has healing properties, its needles are widely used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic.

I also use fir wood to make paper. In construction and furniture production, fir is not valued as highly as other conifers due to its fragility and fragility. But due to the property of wood not to give food products foreign odors, it is used in the manufacture of barrels for storing these same products. IN medicinal purposes often used " fir oil"as a medicine against rheumatism and colds.

Conclusions TheDifference.ru

For ornamental plant growing, fir is more advantageous due to its symmetrical shape and the absence of resin passages.
Due to the fact that fir is more demanding on growing conditions and grows slowly, its cultivation is more expensive.
Fir needles are not prickly, wider and longer than spruce, and the cones grow upwards, not downwards, like those of spruce.
Spruce wood is more durable than fir wood, therefore it is used more often in furniture production and construction. Both fir and spruce are widely used in medicine and the production of medicines.

Thuja: planting and care, reproduction and types

A story about coniferous trees. Reflection. Yatskova O.A.

Senior teacher MBDOU No. 316

Yatskova O.A.

Dear teachers and caring parents!

Children, these are big whys. They constantly ask us interesting, sometimes difficult questions. And you don’t always know how to answer a child’s question.

When my son was just a baby, he explored the world with great interest. And one day he heard the expression “coniferous trees,” and immediately, without putting it on the back burner, he asked what “coniferous trees” were. Of course, every adult knows what it is and what benefits it brings. It seems that I told my son everything. But just recently I found an amazing story for children “ Coniferous trees", (author's project "Children's Hour", 2012-2016), which will help any parent or teacher explain it very easily. I want to offer this story to you.

Coniferous trees. A story for children.

Conifers are trees whose leaves are shaped like needles. They got their name - “coniferous” from the word “needles”.

Thuja: review of the most interesting varieties

Needles are many green needles covering tree branches.

Coniferous trees differ from other trees in that their leaves do not fall off in the winter, while all our deciduous trees remain for the coldest time of the year with bare branches.

The needles of coniferous trees do not last forever, they change, but this happens gradually, almost imperceptibly. Replacement is sometimes done within a year, sometimes every two or three years...

And since the branches of coniferous trees are not the same age, the leaves from them fall into different periods. Therefore, a significant part of the needles is always preserved for the winter, and the trees remain constantly green.

Coniferous trees also differ from deciduous trees in that their seeds are formed in large woody cones.

The most common of our conifers are spruce and pine. Their leaves are narrow, needle-like, and unlike the leaves of most other trees.

In addition to spruce and pine, conifers also include larch, fir, cedar, juniper, sequoia, yew, and cypress.

Coniferous trees, due to the rigidity of their needles, do not serve as a source of food for the animal world.

IN coniferous forest Only a few plant species can grow due to lack of sunlight. They are always cool.

In relation to coniferous trees, the expression “the best” is often used. The most ancient tree, the most tall tree, the thickest tree - all these record holders among trees are representatives of the coniferous kingdom.

Main types of coniferous trees

Conifers are large and ancient group gymnosperms; only cycads and ferns are more ancient. There are more than 560 species of coniferous trees. These plants are found throughout the world, growing both in the hot tropics and beyond the Arctic Circle.

Coniferous trees are quite diverse: conical firs, fluffy pines, spreading spruces, creeping junipers are an integral part of coniferous mixborders, hedges, borders, alleys, rocky gardens. There is nothing surprising here; the varieties of all conifers are an endless source.

Evergreen large beautiful tree always attracts the eye because it is the most prominent component of any garden.

Thank you for your attention!

Subject:“Deciduous and coniferous plants.” (1st grade) for children with disabilities

Bernikova Lyubov Vladimirovna, primary school teacher.

C ate lesson:-introduce the diversity of coniferous plants;

Teach to determine the type of tree by needles;

- cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

During the classes.

Repetition of what has been learned.

1. Teacher. -What changes in nature occurred with the arrival of autumn? How do plants prepare for winter?

Look at the pictures. Try to determine the time of year from different trees.

What are trees that have leaves called? Choose the correct answer:

(coniferous, deciduous)

— What is leaf fall?

Leaf fall - adaptation of plants to harsh winter conditions

Why do trees need leaf fall?

Protecting the tree from winter drought. (leaves evaporate a lot of moisture)

Ridding the tree of toxic substances from the ground and air.

Protecting thin and fragile branches from the weight of falling snow.

New topic.

What are plants that have needles called?

Compare the leaf blade and the needles.

What is the difference? What coniferous trees do you know?

Introduction to coniferous trees.

We even ate at the beginning

They were indistinguishable from pine:

Once the needles stick out -

So these are Christmas trees.

And when they ate on a branch

We took a better look

It turned out that she

Not like pine.

A spruce forest is called a spruce forest. Sharp top, widens towards the bottom. Loves moisture. The needles are prickly, solitary. The crown is dense and provides strong shade. Spruce lives 300-500 years. Paper and artificial silk are made from spruce wood.

Blooms in spring

In summer I bear fruit,

I don’t fade in the fall,

I don't die in winter

I look like a Christmas tree

But longer than the needle.

A pine forest is called a pine forest. Pine loves light. Needles in pairs. Pine grows on any soil. There is healing air in the pine forest. Wood is a good building material.

Larch.

Eating
there's a Christmas tree at a relative's

Non-prickly needles.

But, unlike the Christmas tree

Those needles fall off.

People call larch the queen of Siberian forests. In autumn, golden needles, like leaves, fall to the ground. This is where the name of the tree comes from. The needles are collected in bunches of 20-60 pieces. Photophilous. Wood does not rot.

Fir and cedar are also coniferous trees.

Consolidation of what has been learned. Check of knowledge.

Crossword“What tree is this leaf from?”

Answers: 1. Oak. 2.Birch. 3. Spruce. 4. Maple.

Test.

1.Which leaf has a complex leaf blade?

2.What is unnecessary?

3.What is the correct name for a leaf of a coniferous tree?

a) thorn; b) needle; c) needle.

4.Which coniferous tree sheds its needles for the winter?

a) pine; b) larch; c) spruce.

Lesson summary. Thanks for the work.

Adapted educational program of basic general education MBSC "Boarding School No. 37 VIII type"

Educational program

… educational program 5-9 classes for children with violations... plants Gymnosperms. Pine and spruce - conifers trees. Their difference from deciduous... (correctional) educational institution for children With disabilities health" (edited...
The main educational program of primary general education mobu "Kirov Primary Secondary School"

Main educational program

…specific conditions for children With disabilities health for... 2 classes) and subject or complex excursions (3 and 4 classes) For studying... plants, their features. Conifers And deciduous trees. Wild growing plants …
Work program Educational area: Natural science Subject: The world around us Grade: 1-4 Teacher

Working programm

...to people with disabilities health. Chapter … plants Deciduous And coniferous plants. Aesthetic impact plants…project completion children study: - ... albums For drawing. K Equipment class Student...
Educational program of primary general education for the period 2011-2015

Educational program

… plants(algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering), species plants. Breathing and nutrition plants. Reproduction and development plants. Role plants...adaptive educational environment for children having limited opportunities health and problems...
Pleshakova A. A. in the course “The World Around us” for grades 1–4 A.
Thuja in the city and in the country: planting, care, reproduction

A. Pleshakov

Working programm

… limited maybe... plants Manifold plants. Trees, shrubs, herbs. Deciduous And coniferous plants. Aesthetic impact plants … opportunity … children. Specially For family activities, inserts are provided in workbooks 1 and 2 classes …

long-lived conifer

Answer options for your crossword puzzle

SEQUOIA

AKSAKAL

ARA

CROW

BISCUIT

ISOCRATES

KASHCHEY

MACROBIOTE

METHUSELAH

LOBSTER

Dendrologists share everything woody species plants into two large groups: deciduous and coniferous trees. And, as a rule, it is very simple to attribute one or another species to one of these groups. The only exception to this rule is larch. Is it deciduous or Let's try to understand this issue.

Larch: coniferous or

Lárix - this is the name of this miracle tree in Latin. Why do many people have the question: “Is larch a deciduous or coniferous tree?” And how to answer it correctly?

The thing is that although this tree has needles, it sheds its needles in the winter, just as representatives of deciduous trees do. This is the moment that drives many people into a dead end. And not everyone can confidently answer the question “is larch a deciduous or coniferous tree.”

In fact, botanists classify this beauty as a member of the pine family, and thus it is a conifer. Moreover, one of the most common on the planet.

Larch: botanical description of the plant

So, we found out that larch is a coniferous tree. We will consider the features of this plant, as well as its distribution throughout the Earth, below.

The average height of this tree is no more than 50 meters (with a trunk diameter of no more than 1 meter). Larches live on average up to 300 years, although individual specimens have been recorded that have lived up to 800 years.

The peculiarity of this plant is its conical (like many conifers), but very loose (translucent) crown. In places where the wind rose is unidirectional, the crown may have a flag-like shape.

The main feature of this coniferous species is its needles. It is annual and very soft, like for a coniferous tree. Touching larch needles is quite pleasant. Every autumn the tree sheds its needles, and in the spring new, fresh, green needles grow on its branches.

The larches are quite developed and powerful, which allows them to settle on steep mountain slopes, where wind blows throughout the year. strong winds. In some cases, for greater stability, even its lower branches are rooted in the ground.

Larch is a very light-loving tree, so it chooses appropriate areas for itself: open and unshaded. If the growing conditions are favorable, then the plant is capable of reaching towards the sun at an amazing speed: up to one meter per year!

Larch is very resistant to low air temperatures. It is not afraid of sharp frosts either. It is also undemanding to soils. Thus, larch can grow both on the dry soil of a mountain slope and on the waterlogged soil of a swampy lowland. However, if the soil conditions are too unfavorable, the tree will grow very stunted and short.

Geographical distribution of the plant

Larch is one of the most common tree species on the planet, numbering up to 15 different types. Very often these trees form vast and light forests. Huge territories are occupied larch forests in Siberia, as well as in the Far East.

European larch is often called a long-lived tree. She easily lives to be several hundred years old. In Russia, three types of larch are most often found: Russian, Siberian and Daurian. The latter can be easily distinguished by its shiny silvery buds. In Transbaikalia, entire forests grow from

IN North America Western and American larch became widespread. In the USA, wood of these species is actively used in construction and industry.

Use of larch by humans

The wood of this tree has been used by humans for a long time. It is distinguished by strength, elasticity, and resin. Plus, it is very resistant to rotting. In terms of tissue hardness, larch is second only to oak.

The wood of this plant is actively used in construction, industry, and in the construction of surface or underwater structures. Turpentine is also produced from it.

The plant is also used in folk medicine. So, larch needles are a huge source of ascorbic acid. Therefore, fresh needles (or an infusion of them) are an excellent preventative against scurvy. In addition, baths made from the needles of this tree are recommended for people suffering from joint diseases. Turpentine is also made from larch resin - a very effective remedy for rheumatism and gout.

Finally...

Is larch a deciduous or coniferous tree? After reading our article, you will forever remember the answer to this question.

Larch is not only a beautiful tree, but also very useful. The wood of this unique plant is highly durable and resistant to decay, which is why it is widely used in the construction industry. And several centuries earlier, the strongest and most reliable ships were made from it.

Deciduous and coniferous trees are always appropriate in decorating your summer cottage. In summer they go well with flowers and lawns, leaving them in the shade, and in winter they save the garden from dullness with their bright colors. They give fresh air and aroma due to the content essential oils. Modern gardeners no longer see their garden without green plants. There is a huge range of coniferous plant species, so there is plenty to choose from.

Evergreen spruce

Coniferous trees called “spruce” look very effective in the garden, both singly and in frequent plantings. Some gardeners use them to build living fences. Spruce nowadays is no longer just a huge crop with dry branches at the bottom and a narrow crown at the top, as we are used to seeing it. The number of thorny trees is regularly replenished with different varieties. In summer cottages spruce trees are most in demand, For example:

Acrocona. Reaches 3 m high and 4 m wide at maturity;
Inversa. Barely this variety is up to 2 meters wide and up to 7 meters high;
Maxwellii. small tree with a width and height not exceeding 2 meters;
Nidiformus. A compact tree about 1.5 m wide and high;
Glauca. Blue spruce.

Fir from the Pine family

The dark green fir needles are very soft. Young animals grow for quite a long time, but at the age of 10 years, development accelerates much more. Fir is a very popular tree, but many cannot answer whether it is a coniferous or deciduous tree. Among gardeners The following types of fir are in particular demand:

Columnar fir;
Prostrale;
Nana. The fir reaches half a meter in height and a meter in width, with a flattened crown;
Argenta. Silvery needles with a white tip;
Glauca. Blue fir, needles have a waxy coating;
Veriegata. There are yellow spots on the needles.

Juniper from the Cypress family

Juniper in the list of coniferous plants is famous for its bactericidal and medicinal properties, some varieties have fruits in the form of berries. The plant appeared in the world about 50 million years ago. There are about 80 varieties.

Among the variety of junipers there are both 20 cm dwarfs and 40 meter giants. Each such plant has its own characteristics not only regarding the shape of the crown, but also in the rules for care. The most common varieties found in summer cottages are:

Gold Cone. About 4 m high, a meter wide, the branches form a narrow conical shape;
Hibernika. It reaches a height of about 4 m, the crown is a meter in diameter, columnar and very narrow, has blue inedible berries;
Green Carpet. Dwarf tree up to 50 cm high, one and a half meters in volume;
Suecica. It reaches a height of up to 3.5 m, a width of up to a meter, and a columnar crown.

Junipers are better plant at a distance from fruit trees, because they are carriers of rust. For the sake of prevention, other crops are separated by tall plants. Areas of branches affected by the disease are either pruned or treated with various fungicides.

Cedar trees

Cedars are most often found in the parks of English estates, this is a large southern tree. by them decorate the front entrance or a large lawn in front of the estate. These trees create an atmosphere of home comfort.

Cedars in their natural form are bulky and tower on mountains. Such species grow up to 60 m in height. No one can say exactly how many types of cedar there are.

Some scientists are convinced that all individuals are the same and recognize only the Livonian breed, others also distinguish Atlas, Himalayan and short-coniferous varieties. The Catalog of Life, which includes all species of plants and animals, describes all varieties except the short-coniferous one.

Cedar has many design varieties, which differ in color and size:

Glauca. Tree with blue needles;
Brevaramulosa. Cedar has long and sparse branches;
Strict. The tree has dense short branches;
Pendula. Branches falling down;
Tortuosa. The difference is the twisting branches;
Nana and Nana Pyramidata. Dwarf trees, the latter variety is distinguished by upward-sloping branches.

Low growing cypress

The evergreen plant resembles a cypress in appearance and grows up to 80 meters in height. Scientists are trying to develop new varieties to please summer residents.

In landscape design, low varieties are often used to create fences, medium-sized trees are planted singly, and dwarf trees are planted in mixborders or rock gardens. Cypress has very soft and fluffy needles. The needles are not prickly at all, they are pleasant to touch.

The most popular are dwarf trees below 4 meters in height. Among them are:

Ericoides. Head-shaped cypress tree up to 2 m high;
Nana Gracilis. Round crown, the tree grows up to half a meter;
Ellwoodii. Pyramidal crown, trunk grows up to 2 meters;
Minima Aurea. Dwarf plant, with a pyramidal rounded crown;
Compacta. Small compact tree with dense branches.

Dwarf varieties of cypress do not winter well. They don't freeze under the snow, but they can dry out. Be sure to watch the density snow cover.

Cypress varieties

Cypress in wild environment It seems to be an evergreen crop with a crown in the shape of a pyramid or cone, the trunk has a very thick bark, the foliage is pressed against the branches. There are about 30 varieties of cypress trees, about eight of which are highly popular in landscape design. Each variety has its own care conditions and growing rules. The most common varieties:

Benthamii. Graceful cap and bluish needles;
Lindleyi. It has large cones and bright green needles;
ristis. Branches growing downwards, crown in the form of a column;
Aschersoniana. Low-growing appearance;
Сompacta. Shrub with bluish needles;
Сonica. The crown is like a skittle, bluish with a haze of needles that does not tolerate frost;
Fastigiata. Bluish needles on a stocky tree;
Glauca. The hat is like a column, the silver color of the needles.

Slender tree - larch

Larch, judging by its name, like linden, is often classified as a deciduous plant. But it belongs to conifers, namely the pine family. This is a fairly tall tree and sheds its needles.

In good growing conditions, the tree can grow to a height of about 55 m and a diameter of up to a meter.

The bark is very thick, covered with grooves of a brownish tint. The branches grow chaotically upward, forming a cone-shaped cap. The needles are very soft, green, and as long as spruce. There are 15 types of wood. Among them are especially popular:

Weeping;
Corley. Cushion tree;
Kornik. Globular larch;
Blue Dwar. Low-growing tree with blue needles;
Diana. Grows up to two meters, spherical crown, branches in the form of spirals, green needles with haze;
Stiff Weeper. Elongated sprouts spread along the soil, needles with a bluish tint;
Wolterdinger. The tree has a thick, dome-shaped cap, and its development is very slow.

mountain pine

There are approximately 120 species of pine trees known in the world. Pines differ from other conifers by their fragrant needles, which are located in bunches on the branches. The types of pine trees are determined depending on the number of needles.

The tree's roots dry out in air in about 20 minutes. It is better to plant them at the beginning of autumn or spring.

Scientists have bred many miniature trees for the garden. Huge varieties can be found in forests and park areas. And in summer cottages, low-growing species of pine trees look impressive. Green bushes can be planted in rock gardens and mixborders. The most popular varieties of mountain pine are:

Gnome pine, which grows up to 2 meters in height and crown diameter;
Columnaris. The bush grows three meters in height and width, it has dense and rather long needles;
Mops. Due to the branches, the shape of a ball is formed near the crown;
Mini Mops. Cushion-shaped bush;
Globosa Viridis. The bush has the shape of an egg, the needles are up to 10 cm long.

Decorative thuja

Small coniferous plants found in many public gardens and parks. Plants are cultivated for decoration. Gardeners note the trees’ resistance to dry weather, frosty periods and rot.

Thuja has thick roots, tall branches that form pyramidal or columnar shapes, dark leaves and small cones that ripen very quickly. Breeders have developed creeping, dwarf and weeping species. Of these, the leader is the western thuja (occidentalis), which grows very quickly, reaching a height of about 8 m and a diameter of about 2 meters. The shrub is evergreen; only the Cloth of Gold variety has orange needles and copper branches in winter. Such specimens are best grown in the shade with neutral soil.

In Europe, thuja appeared and became popular thanks to the French king Francis the First. He loved unique plants and constantly planted them in his garden. He called the thuja the tree of life and planted it in large areas around his estate. Two hundred years later, the plant was cultivated in eastern Europe. In the wild, thuja can grow up to 40 m, so gardeners were sad when growing a tree from seeds and getting huge individuals.

The medium-growing Columna variety creates a dense, narrow crown. It can be seen from afar by its dark green shiny needles, which do not change throughout the seasons. The tree is frost-resistant and does not require maintenance.

The Holmstrup variety is ideal for small gardens: it is small, with a lush conical crown and a rich green color. The variety is resistant to frost and tolerates pruning of branches well. In young specimens they form into a narrow cone, but with age they straighten out. The needles are green and glossy. When caring, you will need constantly moist soil.

Cryptomeria - the national tree of Japan

It is found on mountain slopes, in wild forest areas and in park alleys. Cryptomeria belongs to the conifers, can grow up to 60 m, and the trunk reaches 2 meters in girth.

The needles have a dark or light shade, the branches create a lush, thick head. The needles are sometimes colored red or yellow. In appearance they are shaped like an awl, but they do not prick when touched. They have small brownish bumps. Cryptomeria belongs to the cypress family; there are no varieties of it. The tree’s connections with the east are explained by its different name.

People call the tree “Japanese cedar” among themselves, although there are no general properties they have nothing to do with each other. The tree is royal in nature, very majestic, so it is difficult to imagine it as a shrub grown in a summer cottage or in an apartment space. But scientists who are creating new varieties have taken care of this. Now there are many dwarf forms of Cryptomeria that do not grow above two meters.

When choosing evergreen decorations for your summer cottage, you need to know the types of existing trees, understand their rate of development and the required care. After all, instead of decorating on your personal plot you may end up with something you don't need huge tree, which will shade all the plants in the circle.

This lesson will cover the topic “deciduous and coniferous trees”, which will help schoolchildren learn about two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Let's look at their distinctive features.

Lesson: Deciduous and coniferous trees

As you know, each tree has its own distinctive features. One of these signs is leaves. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant, performing the functions of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.

Birch has small carved leaves.

Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.

Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.

Maple has a wide leaf plate with pointed ends.

Rowan has a complex leaf, with up to 15 small leaves on the central petiole.

Chestnut also has a complex leaf. The slightly pointed leaves meet at the apex of the main petiole.

Birch, rowan, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.

1) Presence of leaves.

2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.

3) All deciduous trees shed their leaves. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.

A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.

Let's get acquainted with some representatives of deciduous trees.

The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak. Our ancestors considered oak sacred tree. The height of the oak is about 50 meters, life expectancy is 500 years. But there are also long-livers for more than a thousand years. In autumn the oaks ripen acorns.

These are hearty and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to eat acorns and will hide them in the hollow as a reserve. The forest bird jay is also a lover of tasty fruits. Wild boars also rush after acorns, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.

Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on an oak tree - to harsh winter. Wheat should be sown when the oak leaves unfurl. Oak is also considered a symbol of power and strength. Oak wreaths were awarded to the bravest warriors.

People say about cowardly people: “Trembles like an aspen leaf.” In reality, an aspen leaf trembles at the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole . The aspen petiole is very thin and long, even in calm weather, the aspen leaves rustle quietly. In the spring, before the leaves appear, catkins appear on the aspen. People say: “The fluff has flown from the aspen tree, go into the forest for some aspen boletus.”

These are mushrooms that love to grow under aspen trees. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn color of aspen leaves.

What tree is this riddle about?

Takes from my flower

The bee has the most delicious honey.

And everyone insults me

The thin skin is removed.

This Linden. Fragrant fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it’s not for nothing that bees produce linden honey; it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to the linden tree for bast. This is the inner part of the bark. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.

The second group of trees is conifers. Needles are modified leaves. Coniferous trees include spruce, cedar pine, fir, and larch. A forest consisting of coniferous trees is called coniferous. Unlike deciduous trees, coniferous trees do not shed their needles in the fall, so their other name is evergreen.

Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree reaches down to the ground, so the spruce forests are dark and damp. Spruce forests are called spruce forests. Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, from strong winds, spruce trees fall, forming impenetrable thickets and windfalls. This is what a spruce branch with cones looks like. The cones are oblong.

Spruce - very interesting and useful tree. Its wood is used to make musical instruments and paper. Coniferous trees emit special substances that fill the air with a pleasant aroma and purify it. How much joy the green beauty brings to your home on New Year's Eve!

Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest. The pine tree has powerful roots, so it is not afraid of strong winds. Pine can also grow on rocks and ravines. This is what a pine branch with a cone looks like.

Pine has longer needles than spruce. Needles grow on a branch, two at a time. The cones are short, round in shape.

Among the coniferous trees there is a tree with unusual properties- This larch. Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in the fall, larch turns yellow and sheds its needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In spring, young needles emerge from the buds again.

If a forest contains both coniferous and deciduous trees, such a forest is called mixed.

Trees are the lungs of our planet. By absorbing harmful substances, trees release air and oxygen. Leaves retain smoke and soot. Trees need to be protected.

The next lesson will cover the topic “Autumn in the life of plants.” During the lesson we will learn about the most important seasonal changes, which occur in almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then find out the role of autumn in the life of plants.

1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world 1. - M.: Russian word.

2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around us 1. - M.: Enlightenment.

3. Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around us 1. - M.: VITA-PRESS.

1. Describe deciduous trees.

2. Describe coniferous trees.

3. Guess the riddles.

1. I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I am growing very straight - in height.

If I'm not on the edge,

The branches are only at the top of the head. (Pine)

2. You can always find her in the forest -

You will go for a walk and you will meet:

Stands prickly like a hedgehog

In winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)

3. In this sleek box

Bronze color

A small oak tree is hidden

Next summer. (Acorn)

4. Who knows what kind of tree this is?

A relative has a Christmas tree

Non-prickly needles.

But unlike the Christmas tree -

Those needles fall off. (Larch)

5. Takes from my flower